2021-2022 Form 4 Mathematics

Enhancement Class

Exam Revision

Author:

Jerry Chan

Contents

1 Junior Topics 1

1.1 Polar Coordinates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

1.2 Polar Coordinates ⇐⇒ Rectangualr Coordinates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

2 Estimation and Approximation 7

2.1 Estimation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

2.1.1 Error of Estimation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

2.2 Extra Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

3 Functions and Graphs 15

3.1 Concept . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

3.2 Function Representation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

3.2.1 ⋆⋆Long Division 長除法⋆⋆ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

3.3 Concept of Polynomials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

3.4 ⋆⋆⋆Remainder Theorem⋆⋆⋆ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

3.5 ⋆⋆⋆Factor Theorem⋆⋆⋆ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

3.6 Quadratic Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37

3.6.1 4 Main Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37

3.6.2 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39

3.6.3 Quadratic Equations without square . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43

3.6.4 Nature of Roots . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45

3.6.5 Quadratic Graphs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48

June 24, 2022

1 JUNIOR TOPICS 1

1 Junior Topics
1.1 Polar Coordinates
y

P (x, y) = (r, θ)

θ
x

(HKCEE-2009-P1-Q8)
In a polar coordinate system, O is the pole. The polar coordinates of the points P and Q are
(k, 123◦ ) and (24, 213◦ ) respectively, where k is a positive constant. It is given that P Q = 25.
(a) Is △OP Q is a right-angled triangle? Explain your answer.
(b) Find the perimeter of △OP Q.

(HKDSE-PP-P1-Q6)
In a polar coordinate system, the polar coordinates of the points A, B and C are (13, 157◦ ), (14, 247◦ )
and (15, 337◦ ).
(a) Let O be the pole. Are A, O and C collinear? Explain your answer.
(b) Find the area of △ABC.

Exam Revision Prepared by Mathias Chan

1 JUNIOR TOPICS 2

(HKDSE-2013-P1-Q6)
In a polar coordinate system, O is the pole. The polar coordinates of the points A and B are
(26, 10◦ ) and (26, 130◦ ) respectively. Let L be the axis of reflectional symmetry of △OAB.

(a) Describe the geometric relation ship between L and ∠AOB.

(b) Find the polar coordinates of the point of intersections of L and AB.

(HKDSE-2016-P1-Q7)
In a polar coordinate system, O is the pole. The polar coordinates of the points A and B are
(12, 75◦ ) and (12, 135◦ ) respectively.
(a) Find ∠AOB.
(b) Find the perimeter of △AOB.
(c) Write down that number of folds of rotational symmetry of △AOB.

Extra Question 1.
O is the pole of the polar coordinate system. The polar coordinates of A and B are (16, 120◦ ) and
(16, 240◦ ) respectively. Let L be the line passing through O and the mid-point of AB.
(a) Describe the geometric relationship between L and △AOB.

(b) Find the polar coordinates of the point of intersection of L and AB.

Exam Revision Prepared by Mathias Chan

1 JUNIOR TOPICS 3

Extra Question 2.
O is the pole of the polar coordinate system. The polar coordinates of A and B are (18, 200◦ ) and
(18, 260◦ ) respectively. Let L be the line passing through O and perpendicular AB.

(a) Describe the geometric relationship between L and △AOB.

(b) Find the polar coordinates of the point of intersection of L and AB.

(HKCEE-2006-P2-Q27)
If the polar coordinates of the points A and B are (5, 45◦ ) and (12, 135◦ ) respcetively, then the
distance between A and B is

A. 3

B. 7

C. 13

D. 17

(HKDSE-2017-P2-Q25)
The polar coordinates of the points P , Q and R are (3, 160◦ ), (4, 280◦ ) and (6, 340◦ ) respectively.
The perpendicular distance from Q to P R is

A. 2

B. 3
√
C. 2 3
√
D. 3 3

(HKDSE-2018-P2-Q24)
The polar coordinates of the points C, D and E are (16, 127◦ ), (121, 217◦ ) and (5, 307◦ ) respectively.
Find the perimeter of △CDE.

A. 54

B. 78

C. 126

D. 130

Exam Revision Prepared by Mathias Chan

1 JUNIOR TOPICS 4

1.2 Polar Coordinates ⇐⇒ Rectangualr Coordinates

1. 2.
Formulae: Calculator
(
x = r cos θ Input (x, y) : Shift +
y = r sin θ
Disp: Pol(

Input (r, θ) : Shift −

Disp: Rec(
:

(HKCEE-2007-P2-Q30)
If the rectangular coorindates of the points A are (−1, 1), then the polar coordinates of A are

A. (1, 135◦ )

B. (1, 225◦ )
√
C. ( 2, 135◦ )
√
D. ( 2, 225◦ )

(HKCEE-2008-P2-Q30)
If the polar coordinates of the point P are (2, 300◦ ), then the rectangular coordinates of P are
√
A. (− 3, 1)
√
B. (−1, 3)
√
C. (1, − 3)
√
D. ( 3, −1)

(HKCEE-2010-P2-Q30)
If the polar coordinates of a point are (6, 210◦ ), then the rectangular coordinates of the point are
√
A. (−3, −3 3)
√
B. (−3, 3 3)
√
C. (−3 3, −3)
√
D. (−3 3, 3)

Exam Revision Prepared by Mathias Chan

1 JUNIOR TOPICS 5

(HKCEE-2011-P2-Q30)
If the polar coordinates of the point P are (2, 150◦ ), then the rectangular coordinates of P are
√
A. (−1, 3)
√
B. ( 3, −1)
√
C. (1, − 3)
√
D. (− 3, 1)

(HKDSE-2012-P2-Q23)
√
The rectangular coordinates of the point P are (−3, −3 3). If P is rotated anticlockwise about the
origin through 90◦ , then the polar coordinates of its image are

A. (3, 150◦ )

B. (3, 330◦ )

C. (6, 150◦ )

D. (6, 330◦ )

(HKDSE-2014-P2-Q23)
√
The rectangular coordinates of the point P are (−1, 3). If P is reflected with respect to the x-axis,
then the polar coordinates of its image are

A. (2, 210◦ )

B. (2, 240◦ )

C. (4, 210◦ )

D. (4, 240◦ )

(HKDSE-2015-P2-Q23)
√
The rectangular coordinates of the point A are ( 3, −1). If A is reflected with respect to the y-axis,
then the polar coordinates of its image are

A. (1, 210◦ )

B. (1, 240◦ )

C. (2, 210◦ )

D. (2, 240◦ )

Exam Revision Prepared by Mathias Chan

1 JUNIOR TOPICS 6

(HKDSE-2020-P2-Q24)
The point P is translated leftwards by 4 units to the point Q. If the coordinates of the reflection
image of Q with respect to the y-axis are (5, −1), then the polar coordinates of P are

A. (1, 45◦ )

B. (1, 225◦ )
√
C. ( 2, 45◦ )
√
D. ( 2, 225◦ )

(HKDSE-2021-P2-Q23)
The coordinates of the point P are (7, −5). P is reflected with respect to the y-axis to the point Q.
Q is then rotated clockwise about the origin through 90◦ to the point R. Find the x-coordinate of
R.

A. −7

B. −5

C. 5

D. 7

(HKDSE-2021-P2-Q25)
√
The rectangular coordinates of the point Q are (4 3, −4). If Q is rotated clockwise about the origin
through 90◦ , then the polar coordinates of its image are

A. (8, 60◦ )

B. (8, 120◦ )

C. (8, 210◦ )

D. (8, 240◦ )

Exam Revision Prepared by Mathias Chan

2 ESTIMATION AND APPROXIMATION 7

2 Estimation and Approximation

2.1 Estimation
1. Round off (四捨五入)
2. Round up (上捨入)
3. Round down (下捨入)

(HKCEE-1995-P2-Q1)
Round off the number 0.044449 to 3 significant figures.

A. 0.04

B. 0.044

C. 0.045

D. 0.0444

E. 0.0445

(HKCEE-1996-P2-Q1)
Evaluate 1.15 ÷ 15 correct to 3 significant figures.

A. 0.076

B. 0.077

C. 0.0766

D. 0.0767

E. 0.076

(HKCEE-1997-P2-Q1)
Express π 2 as a decimal correct to 3 significant figures.

A. 9.86

B. 9.87

C. 9.88

D. 9.860

E. 9.870

Exam Revision Prepared by Mathias Chan

2 ESTIMATION AND APPROXIMATION 8

(HKCEE-2007-P2-Q12)
√
Express 2007 as a decimal correct to 5 significant figures.

A. 44.790

B. 44.799

C. 44.79955

D. 44.800

(HKCEE-2008-P2-Q17)
0.0498765 =

A. 0.050 (correct to 2 decimal places)

B. 0.050 (correct to 3 significant figures)

C. 0.0499 (correct to 4 decimal places)

D. 0.0499 (correct to 5 significant figures)

(HKDSE-PP-P2-Q14)
0.009049999 =

A. 0.00905 (correct to 3 decimal places)

B. 0.00905 (correct to 3 significant figures)

C. 0.00905 (correct to 6 decimal places)

D. 0.00905 (correct to 6 significant figures)

(HKDSE-2012-P2-Q13)
0.0322515 =

A. 0.032 (correct to 3 significant figures)

B. 0.0322 (correct to 4 decimal places)

C. 0.03225 (correct to 5 significant figures)

D. 0.032252 (correct to 6 decimal places)

Exam Revision Prepared by Mathias Chan

2 ESTIMATION AND APPROXIMATION 9

(HKDSE-2013-P2-Q4)
0.0504545 =

A. 0.051 (correct to 2 significant figures)

B. 0.0505 (correct to 3 decimal places)

C. 0.05045 (correct to 4 significant figures)

D. 0.05046 (correct to 5 decimal places)

(HKDSE-2015-P2-Q4)
0.0023456789 =

A. 0.00235 (correct to 6 decimal places)

B. 0.002345 (correct to 6 decimal places)

C. 0.002346 (correct to 6 significant figures)

D. 0.00234568 (correct to 6 significant figures)

(HKDSE-2016-P2-Q4)
0.0765403 =

A. 0.076 (correct to 2 significant figures)

B. 0.0765 (correct to 3 decimal places)

C. 0.07654 (correct to 4 significant figures)

D. 0.076540 (correct to 5 decimal places)

(HKDSE-2017-P2-Q4)
1
=
π4
A. 0.0102 (correct to 3 significant figures)

B. 0.01025 (correct to 4 significant figures)

C. 0.01026 (correct to 5 decimal places)

D. 0.010266 (correct to 6 decimal places)

Exam Revision Prepared by Mathias Chan

2 ESTIMATION AND APPROXIMATION 10

(HKDSE-2019-P2-Q6)
If 0.06557 < x < 0.06564, which of the following is true?

A. x = 0.065 (correct to 2 decimal places)

B. x = 0.065 (correct to 2 significant figures)

C. x = 0.0656 (correct to 3 decimal places)

D. x = 0.0656 (correct to 3 significant figures)

2.1.1 Error of Estimation

1. Absolute Error
Absolute Error = |Estimated Value − Actual Value|

2. Limit of Acutal Value

Lower limit Actual Value Upper limit

3. Maximum Absolute Error

Units
M.A.E =
2
= Upper Limit − Measured Value
= Measured Value − Lower Limit

4. Relative Error
Absolute Error M.A.E
R.E. = =
Actual Value Estimated Value

5. Percentage Error
% Error = R.E. × 100%

Example 2.1. Given that 4 < x < 9 and 16 < y < 81, find the range of the followings

(a) x + y
(b) x − y
(c) xy
x
(d)
y
(e) x2

(HKCEE-2008-P2-Q16)
If the radius of a sphere is measured as 8 cm correct to the nearest cm, then the least possible surface
area of the sphere is

A. 64π cm2

B. 225π cm2

C. 256π cm2
1125π
D. cm2
2

Exam Revision Prepared by Mathias Chan

2 ESTIMATION AND APPROXIMATION 11

(HKCEE-2010-P2-Q17)
If the length and the breath of a rectangle are measured as 12 cm and 10 cm respectively and all
the measurements are correct to the nearest cm, then the least possible area of the rectangle is

A. 99 cm2

B. 109.25 cm2

C. 120 cm2

D. 131.25 cm2

(HKDSE-SP-P2-Q15)
The lengths of the trhee sides of a triangle are measured as 15 cm, 24 cm, and 25 cm respectively.
If the three measurements are correct to the nearest cm, find the percentage error in calculating the
perimeter of the triangle correct the nearest 0.1%.

A. 0.8%

B. 2.3%

C. 4.7%

D. 6.3%

(HKDSE-2012-P2-Q14)
The length of a piece of thin string is measured as 25 m correct to the nearest m. If the string is
cut into n pieces such that the length of each piece is measured as 5 cm correct to the nearest cm,
find the greatest possible value of n.

A. 445

B. 566

C. 567

D. 650

(HKDSE-2014-P2-Q11)
The width and the length of a thin rectangular metal sheet are measured as 8 cm and 10 cm correct
to the nearest cm respectively. Let x cm2 be the actual area of the metal sheet. Find the range of
values of x.

A. 71.25 ≤ x < 89.25

B. 71.25 < x ≤ 89.25

C. 79.5 ≤ x < 80.5

D. 79.5 < x ≤ 80.5

Exam Revision Prepared by Mathias Chan

2 ESTIMATION AND APPROXIMATION 12

(HKDSE-2015-P2-Q14)
There is a bag of white sugar. The weight of white sugar in the bag is measured as 5 kg correct
to the nearest kg. If the bag of white sugar is packed into n packets such that the weight of white
sugar in each packet is measured as 10 g correct to the nearest g, find the greatest possible value of
n.

A. 429

B. 500

C. 578

D. 579

(HKDSE-2018-P2-Q14)
In the figure, ABCDEF GH is an octagon, where all the measurements are correct to the nearest
cm. Let x cm2 be the actual area of the octagon. Find the range of values of x.
H E
A D
A. 13 < x < 23
2 cm 2 cm
B. 13 < x < 27
4 cm 4 cm
G 2 cm F
C. 17 < x < 23

D. 17 < x < 27
B C
6 cm

(HKDSE-2020-P2-Q14)
In the figure, P QRST is a pentagon, where all the measurements are correct to the nearest cm. Let
A cm2 be the actual area of the pentagon. Find the range of values of A.
P 5 cm T
A. 27.83 ≤ A < 31.83

B. 44.75 ≤ A < 60.75

6 cm
C. 46.75 ≤ A < 63.25 S

D. 48.25 ≤ A < 64.75 3 cm

Q R
10 cm

Exam Revision Prepared by Mathias Chan

2 ESTIMATION AND APPROXIMATION 13

(HKDSE-2013-P1-Q8)
A pack of sea salt is termed regular if its weight is measured as 100 g correct to the nearest g.

(a) Find the least possible weight of a regular pack of sea salt.
(b) Is it possible that the total weight of 32 regular packs of sea salt is measured as 3.1 kg correct
to the nearest 0.1 kg? Explain your answer.

(HKDSE-2017-P1-Q9)
A bottle is termed standard if its capacity is measured as 200 mL correct to the nearest 10 mL.
(a) Find the least possible capacity of a standard bottle.
(b) Someone claims that the total capacity of 120 standard bottles can be measured as 23.3 L
correct to the nearest 0.1 L. Do you agree? Explain your answer.

Exam Revision Prepared by Mathias Chan

2 ESTIMATION AND APPROXIMATION 14

2.2 Extra Questions

Question 1.
The lengths of the trhee sides of a triangle are measured as 15 cm, 24 cm, and 25 cm respectively.
If the three measurements are correct to the nearest cm, find the percentage error in calculating the
area of the triangle correct the nearest 0.01%.

A. 0.07%

B. 0.85%

C. 5.31%

D. 5.32%

Question 2.
The lengths and widths of the two rectangles below are measured with all measurements correct to
the nearest 10 m. Find the least possible area of the shaded region.
200 m
A. 3000 m2

B. 5800 m2 180 m

C. 9000 m2 120 m 100 m

D. None of the above.

Question 3.
Peter measures the lengths of the given figure and the measurement are all correct to the nearest 2
cm.
28 cm
(a) Find the maximum absolute error of the
measurement.
(b) Find the upper limit of area of the figure. 18 cm 10 cm

(c) If the actual area of the figure is x cm2 , find 12 cm

the range of x.

Exam Revision Prepared by Mathias Chan

3 FUNCTIONS AND GRAPHS 15

3 Functions and Graphs

3.1 Concept
Definition 3.1 (Domain). The collection of all possible values of inputs of a function.
Definition 3.2 (Codomain). The collection of all possible value of outputs of a function.

Concept of function:

Every input will only give one output.

3.2 Function Representation

Algebraic Representation
y = x2 − 3x + 2
f (x) = x2 − 3x + 2

Tabular Representation

x 1 2 3 4 5 6
y 1 4 9 16 25 36

Figure 1: The tabular representation of function y = x2

Graphical Representation
y

2
|

1
|

| | | | x
−1 0 1 2 3

−1
|

−2
|

y = −x + 1

Exam Revision Prepared by Mathias Chan

3 FUNCTIONS AND GRAPHS 16

3.2.1 ⋆⋆Long Division 長 除法 ⋆⋆

Example 3.1. Find the quotient and the remainder when x2 + 3x − 5 is divided by x − 3.
求當 x2 + 3x − 5 除以 x − 3 的商式及餘式。

x − 3 x2 + 3x − 5

3.3 Concept of Polynomials

⋆Concept of Polynomial⋆
When f (x) is divided by P (x) with quotient Q(x) and remainder R(x)

f (x) ≡ P (x) × Q(x) + R(x)

Example 3.2. When a polynomial f (x) is divided by −2x3 , the quotient and the remainder are
2x − 3 and 8x2 + 9x − 3 respectively. Find the polynimial f (x).

Example 3.3. When a polynomial f (x) is divided by 3x + 1, the quotient and the remainder are
2x2 − 3x + 6 and −8 respectively. Find the polynimial f (x).

Example 3.4. When 2x2 − 8x + 15 is divided by a polynomial f (x), the quotient and the remainder
are 2x − 14 and 57 respectively. Find the polynimial f (x).

Exam Revision Prepared by Mathias Chan

3 FUNCTIONS AND GRAPHS 17

3.4 ⋆⋆⋆Remainder Theorem⋆⋆⋆

Theorem 3.1 (Remiander Theorem). When a polynomial f (x) is divided by ax+b,

b
then the remainder is given by f − .
a
Idea.

(HKCEE-2001-P1)
Let f (x) = x3 + x2 + x − 1. Find the remainder when f (x) is divided by x − 2.

(HKCEE-1992-P1)
Find the remainder when x3 − 2x2 + 3x − 4 is divided by x − 1.

(HKCEE-1983-P2-Q6)
When f (x) is divided by 2x + 1, the remainder is

A. f (2)

B. f (1)

C. f (−1)
 
1
D. f
2
 
1
E. f −
2

Exam Revision Prepared by Mathias Chan

3 FUNCTIONS AND GRAPHS 18

(HKCEE-1996-P2-Q5)
Find the remainder whrn x3 − x2 + 1 is divided by 2x + 1.

A. −11
5
B.
8
7
C.
8
9
D.
8
E. 5

(HKCEE-2001-P2-Q3)
Let f (x) = (2x − 1)(x + 1) + 2x + 1. Find the remainder when f (x) is divided by 2x + 1.

A. −1
1
B. −
2
C. 0

D. 1

E. 2

(HKDSE-SP-P2-Q5)
Let f (x) = x3 + 2x2 − 7x + 3. When f (x) is divided by x + 2, the remainder is

A. 3

B. 5

C. 17

D. 33

(HKDSE-PP-P2-Q5)
Let f (x) = x4 − x3 + x2 − x + 1. When f (x) is divided by x + 2, the remainder is

A. −2

B. 0

C. 22

D. 31

Exam Revision Prepared by Mathias Chan

3 FUNCTIONS AND GRAPHS 19

(HKCEE-SP-P2-Q39)
What is the remainder if ax25 − x2 + x + 7 is divided by x + 1?

A. a+5

B. a+7

C. 5−a

D. 7−a

E. 9−a

††(HKCEE-2005-P2-Q40)††
Let k be a positive integer. When x2k+1 + kx + k is divided by x + 1, the remainder is

A. −1

B. 1

C. 2k − 1

D. 2k + 1

††(HKCEE-2006-P2-Q40)††
Let k be a non-zero constant. When x3 + kx2 + 2kx + 3k is divided by x + k, the remainder is k.
Find k.

A. −1

B. 1

C. −2

D. 2

††(HKCEE-2009-P2-Q41)††
When x2009 + x2008 + x2007 + · · · + x is divided by x + 1, the remainder is

A. −1

B. 0

C. 1

D. 2009

Exam Revision Prepared by Mathias Chan

3 FUNCTIONS AND GRAPHS 20

(HKCEE-1988-P2-Q5)
Let f (x) = ax2 + bx + c. When f (x) is divided bt x − 1, the remainder is 10. When f (x) is divided
by x + 1, the remainder is 6. Find the value of b.

A. −4

B. −2

C. 2

D. 4

E. It cannont be found.

(HKCEE-1993-P2-Q9)
The expression x2 − 2x + k is divisible by x + 1. Find the remainder when it is divided by x + 3.

A. 1

B. 4

C. 12

D. 16

E. 18

(HKCEE-2003-P2-Q2)
Let f (x) = x3 + 2x2 + k, where k is a constant. If f (−1) = 0, find the remainder when f (x) is
divided by x − 1.

A. −1

B. 0

C. 2

D. 6

Exam Revision Prepared by Mathias Chan

3 FUNCTIONS AND GRAPHS 21

(HKCEE-1989-P2-Q6)
Let f (x) = ax2 − 5 and g(x) = 27x3 − 18x + 4. If both expressions leave the same remainder when
divided by 3x + 1, then a =

A. −74

B. 0

C. 36

D. 76

E. 126

(HKCEE-1999-P2-Q38)
It is given that F (x) = x3 − 4x2 + ax + b. F (x) is divisible by x − 1. When it is divided by x + 1,
the remainder is 12. Find a and b.

A. a = 5, b = 10

B. a = 1, b = 2

C. a = −3, b = 6

D. a = −4, b = 7

E. a = −7, b = 10

(HKCEE-2002-P2-Q38)
When x2 + ax + b is divided by x + 2, the remainder is −4; when ax2 + bx + 1 is divided by x − 2,
the remainder is 9. The value of a is

A. −3

B. −1

C. 1

D. 3

(HKCEE-1987-P2-Q8)
When the expression x2 +px+q is dividded by x+1, the remainder is 4. Find the value of 2p−2q +1.

A. −3

B. −5

C. −7

D. −9

E. It cannot be determined. 不能求出。

Exam Revision Prepared by Mathias Chan

3 FUNCTIONS AND GRAPHS 22

(HKCEE-2011-P2-Q40)
Let f (x) = 2x2 + ax − 3, where a is a constant. If f (x) is divisible by 2x + 1, find the remainder
when f (x) is divided by x − a.

A. −52

B. 22

C. 46

D. 72

(HKCEE-1990-P2-Q34)
Let f (x) = 3x3 − 4x + k. If f (x) is divisible by x − k, find the remainder when f (x) is divided by
x + k.

A. 2k

B. k

C. 0

D. k

E. −k − 1

⋆⋆⋆(HKCEE-1981-P2)⋆⋆⋆
P (x) is a polynomial. When P (x) is divided by (5x − 2), the remainder is R. When P (x) is divided
by (2 − 5x), then the remainder is

A. R

B. −R
2
C. R
5
2
D.
5
2
E. −
5

Exam Revision Prepared by Mathias Chan

3 FUNCTIONS AND GRAPHS 23

3.5 ⋆⋆⋆Factor Theorem⋆⋆⋆

Theorem 3.2 (Factor Theorem). Let f (x) be a polynomial.

 
b
f − = 0 ⇐⇒ ax + b is a factor of f (x).
a

Idea.

Remark.

(HKCEE-1978-P2-Q49)
!
2
−3
If f (x) = ax + bx + c and f = 0, then which of the following is a factor of ax2 + bx + c?
5

A. x+3

B. 3x + 5

C. 3x − 5

D. 5x + 3

E. 5x − 3

(HKCEE-1984-P2-Q4)
If x + 2 is a factor of x2 + ax + b, then 2a − b + 3 =

A. −7

B. −1

C. 0

D. 1

E. 7

Exam Revision Prepared by Mathias Chan

3 FUNCTIONS AND GRAPHS 24

(HKCEE-1985-P2-Q7)
Let a and b be constants. If 3x3 − ax2 + 5x − 3b is divisible by x + 3, then 3a + b =

A. −32

B. −22

C. 22

D. 32

E. It cannot be determined.

(HKCEE-1995-P2-Q3)
If f (x) = x99 + 99x + k is divisible by x + 1, then k =

A. −100

B. −98

C. 98

D. 100

E. 198

(HKCEE-2010-P2-Q41)
Let k be a constant. If x3 + 5x2 + 3kx − k is divisible by x − 1, find the value of k.

A. −3

B. −1

C. 0

D. 1

(HKDSE-2012-P2-Q4)
If k is a constant such that x3 + 4x2 + kx − 12 is divisible x + 3, then k =

A. −25

B. −1

C. 1

D. 17

Exam Revision Prepared by Mathias Chan

3 FUNCTIONS AND GRAPHS 25

(HKDSE-2013-P2-Q9)
Let f (x) = x13 − 2x + k, where k is a constant. If f (x) is divisible by x + 1, find the remainder when
f (x) is divided by x − 1.

A. 0

B. −1

C. 2

D. −2

(HKDSE-2016-P2-Q6)
Let f (x) = 4x3 + kx + 3, where k is a constant. If f (x) is divisible by 2x + 1, find the remainder
when f (x) is divided by x + 1.

A. −7

B. −6

C. 0

D. 5

(HKDSE-2017-P2-Q7)
Let p(x) = 2x2 − 11x + c, where c is a constant. If p(x) is divisible by x − 7, find the remainder
when p(x) is divided by 2x + 1.

A. −26

B. −15

C. 15

D. 26

(HKCEE-2000-P2-Q9)
Let f (x) = x3 − 2x2 − 5x + 6. It is known that f (1) = 0. f (x) can be factorized as

A. (x − 1)2 (x + 6)

B. (x − 1)(x + 1)(x + 6)

C. (x − 1)(x − 2)(x + 3)

D. (x − 1)(x + 2)(x − 3)

E. (x + 1)(x − 2)(x − 3)

Exam Revision Prepared by Mathias Chan

3 FUNCTIONS AND GRAPHS 26

(HKCEE-1986-P2-Q34)
Let F (x) = 2x3 + 3x2 − 11x − 6. Given that F (2) = 0 and F (−3) = 0, then F (x) can be factorized
as

A. (x + 2)(x − 3)(2x + 1)

B. (x + 2)(x − 3)(2x − 1)

C. (x − 2)(x + 3)(2x + 1)

D. (x − 2)(x − 3)(2x + 1)

E. (x − 2)(x + 3)(2x − 1)

(HKCEE-1998-P2-Q6)
Let f (x) = 2x3 − x2 − 7x + 6. It is known that f (−2) = 0 and f (1) = 0. f (x) can be factorized as

A. (x + 1)(x + 2)(2x − 3)

B. (x + 1)(x − 2)(2x + 3)

C. (x − 1)(x + 2)(2x + 3)

D. (x − 1)(x + 2)(2x − 3)

E. (x − 1)(x − 2)(2x + 3)

††(HKCEE-2001-P2-Q48)††
Let f (x) = x3 + 2xx + ax + b. If f (x) is divisible by x + 1 and x − 2, f (x) can be factorized as

A. (x − 1)(x + 1)(x − 2)

B. (x + 1)2 (x − 2)

C. (x − 3)(x + 1)(x − 2)

D. (x + 3)(x + 1)(x − 2)

E. x(x + 1)(x − 2)

Exam Revision Prepared by Mathias Chan

3 FUNCTIONS AND GRAPHS 27

† † ††(HKCEE-2004-P2-Q40)† † ††
If f (x) = x3 − 7x + 6 is divisible by x2 − 3x + k, then k =

A. −2

B. 2

C. −3

D. 3

⋆⋆(HKCEE-1992-P2-Q41)⋆⋆
If a polynomial f (x) is divisible by x − 1, then f (x − 1) is divisible by

A. x−2

B. x+2

C. x−1

D. x+1

E. x

⋆⋆(HKCEE-2007-P2-Q40)⋆⋆
Let f (x) be a polynomial. If f (x) is divisible by x − 1, which of the following must be a factor
f (2x + 1)?

A. x

B. x−3

C. 2x − 1

D. 2x + 1

Exam Revision Prepared by Mathias Chan

3 FUNCTIONS AND GRAPHS 28

(HKCEE-1991-P2-Q3)
Which of the following is a factor of x3 − 4x2 + x + 6?

A. (x + 1)(x − 2)

B. (x + 1)(x + 2)

C. (x − 1)(x + 2)

D. (x − 1)(x − 3)

E. (x − 1)(x + 3)

(HKCEE-1997-P2-Q6)
If 2x2 + x + m is divisible x − 2, then it is also divisible by

A. x+3

B. 2x − 3

C. 2x + 3

D. 2x − 5

E. 2x + 5

(HKDSE-2019-P2-Q9)
Let k be a constant such that 2x4 + kx3 − 4x − 16 is divisible by 2x + k. Find k.

A. −2

B. 2

C. 4

D. 8

(HKDSE-2020-P2-Q6)
Let g(x) = ax3 + 4ax2 − 24 where a is a constant. If x + 2 is a factor of g(x), then g(2) =

A. −96

B. 0

C. 3

D. 48

Exam Revision Prepared by Mathias Chan

3 FUNCTIONS AND GRAPHS 29

(HKCEE-1996-P1-Q4)
Show that x + 1 is a factor of x3 − x2 − 3x − 1. Hence, solve x3 − x2 − 3x − 1 = 0.(Leave your answers
in surd form.) (5 marks)

(HKCEE-1998-P1-Q9)
Let f (x) = x3 + 2x2 − 5x − 6.
(a) Show that x − 2 is a factor of f (x).

(b) Factorize f (x). (5 marks)

(HKCEE-2002-P1-Q4)
Let f (x) = x3 − 2x2 − 9x + 18.

(a) Find f (2).

(b) Factorize f (x). (3 marks)

Exam Revision Prepared by Mathias Chan

3 FUNCTIONS AND GRAPHS 30

(HKCEE-2006-P1-Q10)
Let f (x) = (x − a)(x − b)(x + 1) − 3, where a and b are positive integers with a < b. It is given that
f (1) = 1.

(a) (i) Prove that (a − 1)(b − 1) = 2.

(ii) Write down the values of a and b. (3 marks)
(b) Let g(x) = x3 − 6x2 − 2x + 7. Using the results of (a)(ii), find f (x) − g(x). Hence, find the
exact values of all the roots of the equation f (x) = g(x). (4 marks)

(HKDSE-SP-P1-Q10)
(a) Find the quotient when 5x3 + 12x2 − 9x − 7 is divided by x2 + 2x − 3.
(b) Let g(x) = (5x3 + 12x2 − 9x − 7) − (ax + b), where a and b are constants. It is given that g(x)
is divisible by x2 + 2x − 3.
(i) Write down the values of a and b.
(ii) Solve the equation g(x) = 0

Exam Revision Prepared by Mathias Chan

3 FUNCTIONS AND GRAPHS 31

(HKDSE-PP-P1-Q10)
Let f (x) be a polynomial. When f (x) is divided by x − 1, the quotient is 6x2 + 17x − 2. It is given
that f (1) = 4.

(a) Find f (−3).

(b) Factorize f (x).

(HKDSE-2012-P1-Q13)
(a) Find the value of k such that x − 2 is a factor of kx3 − 21x2 + 24x − 4.
(b) The figure below shows the graph of y = 15x2 − 63x + 72. Q is a variable point on the graph
in the first quadrant. P and R are the feet of the perpendiculars from Q to the x-axis and
y-axis respectively.

y
y = 15x2 − 63x + 72

Q
R

x
O P

(i) Let (m, 0) be the coordinates of P . Express the area of the rectangle OP QR in terms of
m.
(ii) Are there three different positions of Q such that the area of OP QR is 12? Explain your
answer.

Exam Revision Prepared by Mathias Chan

3 FUNCTIONS AND GRAPHS 32

(HKDSE-2013-P1-Q12)
Let f (x) = 3x3 − 7x2 + kx − 8, where k is a constant. It is given that f (x) ≡ (x − 2)(ax2 + bx + c),
where a, b and c are constants.

(a) Find a, b and c.

(b) Someone claims that all the roots of the equation f (x) = 0 are real numbers. Do you agree?
Explain your answer.

(HKDSE-2014-P1-Q7)
Let f (x) = 4x3 − 5x2 − 18x + c, where c is a constant. When f (x) is divided by x − 2, the remainder
is −33.
(a) Is x + 1 a factor of f (x)? Explain your answer.

(b) Someone claims that all the roots of the equation f (x) = 0 are rational numbers. Do you
agree? Explain your answer.

Exam Revision Prepared by Mathias Chan

3 FUNCTIONS AND GRAPHS 33

(HKDSE-2015-P1-Q11)
Let f (x) = (x − 2)2 (x + h) + k, where h and k are constants. When f (x) is divided by x − 2, the
remainder is −5. It is given that f (x) is divisible by x − 3.

(a) Find h and k.

(b) Someone claims that all the roots of the equation f (x) = 0 are integers. Do you agree? Explain
your answer.

(HKDSE-2016-P1-Q14)
Let p(x) = 6x4 + 7x3 + ax2 + bx + c, where a, b and c are constants. When p(x) is divided by
x + 2 and when p(x) is divided by x − 2, the two remainders are equal. It is given that p(x) ≡
(lx2 + 5x + 8)(2x2 + mx + n), where l, m and n are constants.

(a) Find l, m and n

(b) How many real roots does the equation p(x) = 0 have? Explain your answer.

Exam Revision Prepared by Mathias Chan

3 FUNCTIONS AND GRAPHS 34

(HKDSE-2017-P1-Q14)
Let f (x) = 6x3 − 13x2 − 46x + 34. When f (x) is divided by 2x2 + ax + 4, the quotient and the
remainder are 3x + 7 and bx + c respectively, where a, b and c are constants.

(a) Find a
(b) Let g(x) be a quadratic polynomial such that when g(x) is divided by 2x2 + ax + 4, the
remainder is bx + c.
(i) Prove that f (x) − g(x) is divisible by 2x2 + ax + 4.
(ii) Someone claims that all the roots of the equation f (x) − g(x) = 0 are integers. Do you
agree? Explain your answer.

(HKDSE-2018-P1-Q12)
Let f (x) = 4x(x + 1)2 + ax + b. where a and b are constants. It is given that x − 3 is a factor of
f (x). When f (x) is divided by x + 2, the remainder is 2b + 165.

(a) Find a and b.

(b) Someone claims that the equation f (x) = 0 has at least one irrational root. Do you agree?
Explain your answer.

Exam Revision Prepared by Mathias Chan

3 FUNCTIONS AND GRAPHS 35

(HKDSE-2019-P1-Q11)
Let p(x) be a cubic polynomial. When p(x) is divided by x − 1, the remainder is 50. When p(x) is
divided by x + 2, the remainder is −52. It is given that p(x) is divisible by 2x2 + 9x + 14.

(a) Find the quotient when p(x) is divided by 2x2 + 9x + 14.

(b) How many rational roots does the equation p(x) = 0 have? Explain your answer.

(HKDSE-2020-P1-Q13)
The cubic polynomial f (x) is divisible by x − 1. When f (x) is divided by x2 − 1, the remainder is
kx + 8, where k is a constant.
(a) Find k.
(b) It is given that x + 3 is a factor of f (x). When f (x) is divided by x, the remainder is 24.
Someone claims that all the roots of the equation f (x) = 0 are integers. Is the claim correct?
Explain your answer.

Exam Revision Prepared by Mathias Chan

3 FUNCTIONS AND GRAPHS 36

(HKDSE-2021-P1-Q12)
The polynomial p(x) is divisible by x − 5. When p(x) is divided by x2 + x + 1, the quotient and the
remainder are 2x2 − 37 and cx + c − 1 respectively, where c is a constant.

(a) Find c.
(b) Prove that x + 3 is a factor of p(x).
(c) Someone claims that all the roots of the equation p(x) = 0 are real numbers. Is the claim
correct? Explain your answer.

(HKDSE-2022-P1-Q14)
Let p(x) = 2x3 + ax2 + bx − 20, where a and b are constants. When p(x) is divided by x2 − 2x + 3,
the remainder is x + 13.
(a) Find a and b.

(b) Is x − 5 a factor of p(x)? Explain your answer.

(c) Someone claims that the equation p(x) = 0 has two irrational roots. Do you agree? Explain
your answer.

Exam Revision Prepared by Mathias Chan

3 FUNCTIONS AND GRAPHS 37

3.6 Quadratic Functions

Given an equation of quadratic function

y = f (x) = ax2 + bx + c

where a ̸= 0.

3.6.1 4 Main Features

Value α, β

Number ∆

y Put x = 0

(a) (b)
y y
y = f (x) y = f (x)

(c) (d)
y y
y = f (x)
x

y = f (x) x

Exam Revision Prepared by Mathias Chan

3 FUNCTIONS AND GRAPHS 38

Open Upwards a > 0

Opening Direction

Open Downwards a < 0

Axis of Symmetry
h
x = h
Vertex
V = (h, k)
Maximum/Minimum
k
value

Example 3.5. Let f (x) = (x + 6)(x − 3). Find the vertex of the graph of y = f (x).
y
y = f (x)

Comleting Square

By Symmetry

Exam Revision Prepared by Mathias Chan

3 FUNCTIONS AND GRAPHS 39

3.6.2 Summary

Value α, β

Number ∆

y Put x = 0

Open Upwards
a > 0
開口向上

Opening Direction
開口方向

Open Downwards
a < 0
開口向下

Axis of Symmetry
h
x = h

Vertex
V = (h, k)

Maximum/Minimum
k
value

Exam Revision Prepared by Mathias Chan

3 FUNCTIONS AND GRAPHS 40

(HKCEE-SP-P2-Q35)
If x(x + 1) = 2(x + 1), then x is equal to

A. 1 only

B. 1 or 2

C. 1 or −2

D. −1 or 2

E. −1 or −2

(HKCEE-1978-P2-Q33)
The solution of the equation (x − a) = (x − a)(x − b) is

A. x = a only

B. x = b only

C. x = b + 1 only

D. x = a or x = b

E. x = a or x = b + 1

(HKCEE-1981-P2-Q9)
It is given that x(2x + 3) = x(3x − 4), x =

A. 0 only

B. 7 only

C. 0 or 7

3 4
D. − or only
2 3

(HKCEE-1982-P2-Q7)
What are the roots of the equation (x − 3)2 (x + 1) = −(x + 1)2 (x − 3)?

A. 1 only

B. 1, −3 only

C. 1, 3 only

D. 1, −1, −3

E. 1, −1, 3

Exam Revision Prepared by Mathias Chan

3 FUNCTIONS AND GRAPHS 41

(HKCEE-1998-P2-Q10)
Solve (x − 1)(x − 3) = x − 3.

A. x=1

B. x=2

C. x = 0 or 3

D. x = 1 or 3

E. x = 2 or 3

(HKCEE-2004-P2-Q7)
Solve x(x − 6) = x.

A. x=6

B. x=7

C. x = 0 or x = 6

D. x = 0 or x = 7

(HKCEE-2006-P2-Q8)
Solve 3x2 = 21x.

A. x=3

B. x=7

C. x = 0 or x = 3

D. x = 0 or x = 7

Exam Revision Prepared by Mathias Chan

3 FUNCTIONS AND GRAPHS 42

(HKCEE-1992-P2-Q3)
(x + 1)(x − 2)
For what value(s) of x does the equality = x + 1 hold?
(x − 2)

A. −1 only.

B. 2 only

C. Any value

D. Any value except −1

E. Any value except 2

(HKCEE-1983-P2-Q33)
1 1
If x + = 2 + , then x =
x 2
A. 2 only.

B. −2 only.

1
C. only.
2
D. −2 or 2.

1
E. or 2.
2

(HKDSE-SP-P2-Q6)
Let a be a constant. Solve the equation (x − a)(x − a − 1) = (x − a).

A. x=a+1

B. x=a+2

C. x = a or x = a + 1

D. x = a or x = a + 2

Exam Revision Prepared by Mathias Chan

3 FUNCTIONS AND GRAPHS 43

3.6.3 Quadratic Equations without square

(HKCEE-1978-P2-Q50)
√ √
What is/are the root(s) of the equation 5x + 1 − x = 1?

A. x = 0 only

1
B. x= only
4
C. x = 4 only

1
D. x = 0 or x =
4
E. x = 0 or x = 4

(HKCEE-1984-P2-Q7)
√
What is/are the root(s) of 5 − x = x − 3?

A. 4 only

B. 1 and 4 only

C. −1 and −4 only

D. −4 and 4 only

E. −4, −1, 1 and 4

Exam Revision Prepared by Mathias Chan

3 FUNCTIONS AND GRAPHS 44

(HKCEE-1980-P1-Q13(b))
√
Solve the equation 1 − 2x = 2 − x

(HKCEE-1982-P1-Q7)
√
Solve x − x + 1 = 5

(HKCEE-1984-P1-Q6)
√
Solve x − 5 x − 6 = 0

(HKDSE-2019-P1-Q3)
The length and the breadth of a rectangle are 24 cm and (13 + r) cm respectively. If the length of
a diagonal of the rectangle is (17 − 3r) cm, find r.

Exam Revision Prepared by Mathias Chan

3 FUNCTIONS AND GRAPHS 45

3.6.4 Nature of Roots

(HKCEE-2002-P2-Q7)
Which of the following equations has/have equal roots?
I. x2 = x
II. x2 + 2x + 1 = 0
III. (x + 3)2 = 1

A. II only

B. III only

C. I and II only

D. I and III only

(HKCEE-1984-P2-Q10)
The equation x2 + kx + k = 0 has equal roots (k being a constant). k =

A. 4 only.

B. −4 only.

C. 0 or 4.

D. 0 or −4.

E. 4 or −4.

(HKCEE-2005-P2-Q8)
If the quadratic equation kx2 + 6x + (6 − k) = 0 has equal roots, then k =

A. −6

B. −3

C. 3

D. 6

(HKCEE-2009-P2-Q8)
If the quadratic equation x2 + bx + 4b = 0 has equal roots, then b =

A. 4

B. 16

C. 0 or 4

D. 0 or 16

Exam Revision Prepared by Mathias Chan

3 FUNCTIONS AND GRAPHS 46

(HKCEE-2004-P2-Q6)
If the equation 4x2 + kx + 9 = 0 has equal positive roots, then k =

A. −6

B. 6

C. −12

D. 12

(HKCEE-2006-P2-Q9)
Find the range of values of k such that the quadratic equation x2 + 2x − k = 2 has two distinct real
roots.

A. k > −3

B. k ≥ −3

C. k > −1

D. k ≥ −1

(HKCEE-1998-P2-Q9)
If the equation x2 − 6x + k = 0 has real roots, find all the possible values of k.

A. k≥9

B. k ≥ −9

C. k=9

D. k≤9

E. k ≤ −9

(HKCEE-2003-P2-Q5)
If the equation x2 − 4x + k = 1 has no real roots, then the range of values of k is

A. k>4

B. k≥4

C. k>5

D. k≥5

Exam Revision Prepared by Mathias Chan

3 FUNCTIONS AND GRAPHS 47

(HKCEE-2010-P2-Q10)
Let k be a constant. Find the range of values of k such that the qudratic equation x2 + 6x + k = 3
has no real roots.

A. k<9

B. k>9

C. k < 12

D. k > 12

(HKDSE-SP-P2-Q7)
Find the range of values of k such that the quadratic equation x2 − 6x = 2 − k has no real roots.

A. k < −7

B. k > −7

C. k < 11

D. k > 11

(HKDSE-PP-P2-Q6)
Let k be a constant. If the quadratic equation 3x2 + 2kx − k = 0 has equal roots, then k =

A. −3

B. 3

C. −3 or 0

D. 0 or 3

(HKDSE-2014-P2-Q4)
Let a be a constant. If the quadratic equation x2 + ax + a = 1 has equal roots, then a =

A. −1

B. 2

C. 0 or −4

D. 0 or 4

Exam Revision Prepared by Mathias Chan

3 FUNCTIONS AND GRAPHS 48

(HKDSE-2016-P2-Q8)
If k is a constant such that the quadratic equation x2 + kx + 8k + 36 = 0 has equal roots, then k =

A. −6

B. 12

C. −4 or 36

D. −18 or 2

3.6.5 Quadratic Graphs

(HKCEE-1995-P2-Q41)
Which of the following may represent the graph of y = −x2 + 3x + 10?

A. B. C.
y y y

x x x
−2 5 −2 5 −5 2

D. E.
y y

x
x 2 5
−5 2

Exam Revision Prepared by Mathias Chan

3 FUNCTIONS AND GRAPHS 49

(HKCEE-1999-P2-Q9)
Which of the following may represent the graph of y = x2 − 3x − 18?

A. B. C.
y y y
x x
O O

x
O

D. E.
y y

x x
O O

(HKCEE-2000-P2-Q39)
Which of the following may represent the graph of y = −x2 + 2x − 3?

A. B. C.
y y y

x
x x O
O O

D. E.
y y
x x
O O

Exam Revision Prepared by Mathias Chan

3 FUNCTIONS AND GRAPHS 50

(HKCEE-1998-P2-Q12)
The figure shows the graph of y = ax2 + bx + c. Which of the following is true?

y y = ax2 + bx + c

x
O

A. a > 0, c > 0 and b2 − 4ac > 0

B. a > 0, c > 0 and b2 − 4ac < 0

C. a > 0, c < 0 and b2 − 4ac < 0

D. a < 0, c > 0 and b2 − 4ac > 0

E. a < 0, c < 0 and b2 − 4ac > 0

(HKCEE-1999-P2-Q5)
In the figure, the graph of y = x2 − 6x + k touches the x-axis. Find k.
y

x
O

A. k≥0

B. k≥9

C. k = −9

D. k=0

E. k=9

Exam Revision Prepared by Mathias Chan

3 FUNCTIONS AND GRAPHS 51

(HKCEE-1987-P2-Q39)
The figure shows the graph of y = ax2 + bx + c. Which of the following is/are true?

y y = ax2 + bx + c

x
O

I. a > 0
II. b > 0
III. c > 0

A. I only

B. I and II only

C. I and III only

D. II and III only

E. I, II and III

Exam Revision Prepared by Mathias Chan

3 FUNCTIONS AND GRAPHS 52

(HKCEE-1990-P2-Q31)
The graph of y = ax2 + bx + c is given as shown. Which of the following is/are true?
y

x
O

I. a < 0

II. b < 0
III. c < 0

A. I only

B. I and II only

C. I and III only

D. II and III only

E. I, II and III

(HKCEE-2003-P2-Q42)
The figure shows the graph of y = −x2 + ax + b. Which of the following is true?
y
y = −x2 + ax + b

x
O

A. a < 0 and b < 0

B. a < 0 and b > 0

C. a > 0 and b < 0

D. a > 0 and b > 0

Exam Revision Prepared by Mathias Chan

3 FUNCTIONS AND GRAPHS 53

(HKCEE-2005-P2-Q6)
The figure shows the graph of y = ax2 + x + b. Which of the following is true?
y
y = ax2 + x + b

x
O

A. a > 0 and b < 0

B. a > 0 and b > 0

C. a < 0 and b < 0

D. a < 0 and b > 0

Exam Revision Prepared by Mathias Chan

3 FUNCTIONS AND GRAPHS 54

(HKCEE-1986-P2-Q35)
If a, b and c are positive numbers, which of the following is a possible graphical representation of
y = ax2 + bx + c?

A. B. C.
y y y

x
O
x
O
x
O

D. E.
y y

x
O
x
O

(HKCEE-2001-P2-Q23)
In the figure, the graph of y = 2x2 − 9x + 4 cuts the x-axis at A and B, and the y-axis at C. Find
the area of △ABC.

y y = 2x2 − 9x + 4

x
O A B

A. 4

B. 6

C. 7

D. 8

E. 14

Exam Revision Prepared by Mathias Chan

3 FUNCTIONS AND GRAPHS 55

(HKCEE-1996-P2-Q41)
The curve in the figure is the graph of y = −x2 + bx + c. Find the area of the rectangle OP QR.
y

R Q

x
O P

A. bc

B. b2

C. c2

D. b2 − 4c

E. b2 + 4c

(HKCEE-2006-P2-Q7)
The figure shows the graph of y = f (x). If f (x) is a quadratic function, then f (x) =
y
y = f (x)

x
−1 O 4

−2

1
A. (x + 1) (x − 4)
2
B. 2 (x + 1) (x − 4)

1
C. (x − 1) (x + 4)
2
D. 2 (x − 1) (x + 4)

Exam Revision Prepared by Mathias Chan

3 FUNCTIONS AND GRAPHS 56

(HKCEE-2010-P2-Q9)
The equation of the quadratic graph shown in the figure is
y

x
−4 −1 O

−8

A. y = (x − 1)(x − 4)

B. y = −(x + 1)(x + 4)

C. y = −2(x + 1)(x + 4)

D. y = −2(x − 1)(x − 4)

(HKCEE-1997-P2-Q34)
The figure shows the graph of a quadratic function f (x). If the vertex of the graph is (1, 3), then
f (x) =
y
(1, 3)

x
O

A. −3(x − 1)2 + 3

B. −3(x + 1)2 + 3

C. −(x − 1)2 + 3

D. −(x + 1)2 + 3

E. 3(x − 1)2 − 3

Exam Revision Prepared by Mathias Chan

3 FUNCTIONS AND GRAPHS 57

(HKCEE-2008-P2-Q9)
The figure shows the graph of y = −(x + h)2 + k. Which of the following must be true?

y = −(x + h)2 + k y

x
O

A. h > 0 and k > 0

B. h > 0 and k < 0

C. h < 0 and k > 0

D. h < 0 and k < 0

(HKCEE-1989-P2-Q45)
The figure shows the graph of a quadratic function y = f (x). Given that the graph has vertex (2, 18)
and it cuts the x-axis at (5, 0), find the quadratic function.
y
(2, 18)

x
O (5, 0)

A. y = (x − 2)2 + 18

B. y = −(x − 2)2 + 18

C. y = (x + 1)(x − 5)

D. y = −2(x + 1)(x − 5)

E. y = 2(x − 1)(x + 5)

Exam Revision Prepared by Mathias Chan

3 FUNCTIONS AND GRAPHS 58

(HKCEE-2007-P2-Q5)
Which of the following statments about the graph of y = (x + 1)2 − 4 is true?

A. The coordinates of the vertex of the graph are (−1, 4)

B. The equation of the axis of symmetry of the graph is x = 1

C. The x-intercepts of the graph are −1 and 3

D. The y-intercept of the graph is −3

(HKCEE-2011-P2-Q7)
Which of the following statements about the graph of y = 25 − (x − 3)2 is true?

A. The x-intercepts of the graph are −2 and 8

B. The y-intercept of the graph is 25

C. The equation of the axis of symmetry of the graph is x = −3

D. The y-coordinate of the vertex of the graph is 16

(HKDSE-PP-P2-Q8)
The figure shows the graph of y = ax2 − 2x + b, where a and b constants. Which of the following
is/ are true?
y
2
y = ax − 2x + b

x
O

I. a > 0

II. b < 0
III. ab < 1

A. I only

B. II only

C. I and III only

D. II and III only

Exam Revision Prepared by Mathias Chan

3 FUNCTIONS AND GRAPHS 59

(HKDSE-2012-P2-Q6)
The figure shows the graph of y = a(x + b)2 , where a and b are constants. Which of the following is
true?
y
x
O

y = a(x + b)2

A. a > 0 and b > 0

B. a > 0 and b < 0

C. a < 0 and b > 0

D. a < 0 and b < 0

(HKDSE-SP-P2-Q8)
In the figure, the quadratic graph of y = f (x) intersects the straight line L at A(1, k) and B(7, k).
Which of the following is/are true?
I. The solution of the inequality f (x) > k is x < 1 or x > 7
II. The roots of the equation f (x) = k are 1 and 7.
III. The equation of the axis of symmetry of the quadratic graph of y = f (x) is x = 3.
y
y = f (x)

L
A B
x
O

A. I and II only

B. I and III only

C. II and III only

D. I, II and III

Exam Revision Prepared by Mathias Chan

3 FUNCTIONS AND GRAPHS 60

(HKDSE-2013-P2-Q7)
The figure shows the graph of y = −2x2 + ax + b, where a and b are constants. The equation of the
axis of symmetry of the graph is
y
y = −2x2 + ax + b

x
O 1

−10

A. x=2

B. x=3

C. x=5

D. x=8

(HKDSE-2014-P2-Q5)
The figure shows the graph of y = mx2 + x + n, where m and n are constants. Which of the following
is true?
y
y = mx2 + x + n

x
O

A. m < 0 and n < 0

B. m < 0 and n > 0

C. m > 0 and n < 0

D. m > 0 and n > 0

Exam Revision Prepared by Mathias Chan

3 FUNCTIONS AND GRAPHS 61

(HKDSE-2015-P2-Q8)
The figure shows the graph of y = a(x + b)2 , where a and b are constants. Which of the following is
true?
y

y = a(x + b)2

x
O

A. a < 0 and b < 0

B. a < 0 and b > 0

C. a > 0 and b < 0

D. a > 0 and b > 0

(HKDSE-2016-P2-Q9)
If −1 < a < 0, which of the following may represent the graph of y = (ax + 1)2 + a?

A. B.
y y

x x
O O

C. D.
y y

x x
O O

Exam Revision Prepared by Mathias Chan

3 FUNCTIONS AND GRAPHS 62

(HKDSE-2017-P2-Q9)
The figure shows the graph of y = (px + 5)2 + q, where p and q are constants. Which of the following
is true?
y
y = (px + 5)2 + q

x
O

A. p < 0 and q < 0

B. p < 0 and q > 0

C. p > 0 and q < 0

D. p > 0 and q > 0

(HKDSE-2018-P2-Q5)
Which of the following statements about the graph of y = 16 − (x − 6)2 is true?

A. The graph cuts the x-axis.

B. The graph opens upwards.

C. The y-intercept of the graph is 16

D. The graph passes through the origin.

(HKDSE-2019-P2-Q10)
Which of the following statements about the graph of y = (3 − x)(x + 2) + 6 is/are true?
I. The graph opens upwards

II. The graph passes through the point (1, 10)

III. The x-intercept of the graph are −2 and 3

A. I only

B. II only

C. I and III only

D. II and III only

Exam Revision Prepared by Mathias Chan

3 FUNCTIONS AND GRAPHS 63

(HKDSE-2021-P2-Q14)
Let m and n be real constants. Which of the following statements about the graph of y = (m−x)2 +n
must be true?

I. The graph open upwards.

II. The y-intercept of the graph is positive.
III. The graph passes through the point (n, m)

A. I only

B. II only

C. I and III only

D. II and III only

(HKDSE-2012-P2-Q25)
In the figure, the equations of the straight lines L1 and L2 are ax + y = b and cx + y = d respectively.
Which of the following are true?
(I) a < 0
y
(II) a < c
(III) b > d
(IV) ad < bc

A. I, II and III only

B. I, II and IV only
x
C. I, III and IV only O
L1 L2
D. II, III and IV only

(HKDSE-2017-P2-Q24)
The straight line L is perpendicular to the straight line 9x − 5y + 45 = 0. If the x-intercept of L is
−3, then the equation of L is

A. 5x + 9y + 15 = 0

B. 5x + 9y + 27 = 0

C. 9x − 5y + 15 = 0

D. 9x − 5y + 27 = 0

Exam Revision Prepared by Mathias Chan

3 FUNCTIONS AND GRAPHS 64

(HKDSE-2018-P2-Q6)
In the figure, the equations of the straight line L1 and L2 are 3x+ay = b and cx+y = d respectively.
Which of the following(s) is/are true?
y
(I) ac < 3
(II) ad < b
(III) bc < 3d

A. II only

B. III only
x
C. I and II only O

L2
D. I and III only
L1

(HKDSE-2019-P2-Q23)
In the figure, the equation of the straight line L is ax + by + 15 = 0. Which of the following are true?
(I) a > b
y
(II) a > −3
3
|

(III) b > −5

A. I and II only

B. I and III only

C. II and III only | x

O 5
D. I, II and III L

(HKDSE-2019-P2-Q24)
Find the constant k such that the straight lines 3x+2y+k = 0 and kx+12y−6 = 0 are perpendicular
to each other.

A. −8

B. −4

C. 4

D. 8

Exam Revision Prepared by Mathias Chan