5 Bending and Shear Stress in BeamS

A 6 meter long supported wooden beam of (a) maximum near the fixed end
5.1
rectangular section 10 cm x 20 cm deep is
strengthened by mild steel plates 0.5 cm x 10 cm (b) maximum at
wide at the top and bottom fibre Over the entire
length. Find the minimum supportable uniformly (c) maximum at x
distributed load considering failures in steel and (d) uniform throughout the length
wood due to flexure. Weakening of wood due to
[1988 2 Marks]
screws and weakening of the steel plates due to
drilled holes may be ignored 5.3 Which one of the following diagrams shows
correctly the distribution of transverse shear stress
Permissible tensile stress for steel
across the depth h of a rectangular beam
= 156.8 N/mm2
subjected to varying bending moment along its
Permissible tensile stress for wood
length?
= 14.89 N/mm2
Young's modulus of mild steel
= 1.96 x 10 N/mm?
Young's modulus of wood (a) (b)
=0.117x 105 N/mm2
100 mm
WINITILITTL mm

14.89
(c) (d)

[1990: 1 Mark]

5.4 A circular rod of diameter d and length 3d is

subjected to a compressive force Facting at the
ITLIITIITITA 5 mm IIIIIIITZI
top point as shown below. Calculate the stress at
[1987: 2 Marks] the bottom most support point A
3d

6.2 Atapered cantilever beam of constant thickness

Is loaded as shown in the sketch below. The

bending stress will be

12F 16F
(a) (6)
4F al) 1 2 F

(c)
[1993 2 Marks]
152
GATE Previous Years Solved Papers: ME ADE EA
| MADE EASY
5.5 The beams, one having square cross-section and Linked Data Questions Q. 5.8 and Q. 5.8
another circular cross-section, are A simply supported beam of span length 6 m
subjected to m and
the same amount of 75 mm diameter carries a uniformly distributed lho
bending moment. If the cross load e
sectional area as well as the material of both the 1.5 kN/m.
beams are the same then
5.8 What is the maXimum value of
bending momen
a)maximum bending stress developed in both (a) 9 kNm (b) 13.5 kNm
the beams is the same
(c) 6.75 kNm (d) 125 kNm
(b) the circular beam experience more bending9
stress than the square one [2006: 2 Marks
(c) the square beam experiences more bending 5.9 What is the maximum value of
bending stress?
stress than the circular one (a) 162.98 MPa (b) 325.95 MPa
(d) as the material is same both beams will (c) 625.95 MPa (d) 651.90MPa
experience same deformation 2006 2 Marks
[2003 1 Mark]
5.10 The transverse shear stress acting in a beam of
5.6 The second moment of a circular area about the rectangular cross-section, subjected to a
diameter is given by (D is the diameter) transverse shear load, is
TD (a) variable with maximum at the bottom of the
(a) (b) beam
4 16
(b) variable with maximum at the top of the beam
32 ()
64 (c) uniform
(d) variable with maximum on the neutral axis
[2003 1 Mark]
2008: 1 Mark]
5.7 A cantilever beam has the
square cross section
5.11 For the component loaded with
of 10 mm x 10 mm. It carries a transverse load of aforce Fas shown
10 N. in the figure, the axial stress at the corner
Considering only the bottom fibres of the Pis
point
beam, the correct representation of the
longitudinal variation of the bending stress is

10N

10 mm
1 m 1 m
10 mm
L- b

(a) 60 MPa

(b) 60 MPa
T 2b
2b

(C) 400 MPa

(a) - b ) (b) (3+ b)
463
4b
(d) 400 MPa (c) (S-4b) F(3L-2b)
4b3 (d)
[2005 2 Marks 4b
Inooo , Morksl
 EASY Strength of Materials 153
MADE

Questions
5.12 a n d . .13. (a) 8.5050x 10 mm
-ied Data
Lnked.
has a loading pattern as shown in
sless
Amass
beam the (b) 6.8850x 10 mm
The
beam rectangular cross-section with a
is ofr
(c) 7.7625 x10 mm
30 mm
a l t ho f
and eight of 100 mm. (d) 8.5725x 10 mm
3000 Nm (2015 2 Marks, Set-3]
5.16 Asimply supported beam of length 3L is subjected
B to the loading shown in the figure.
P
2000 mm 2000 mm

The
maximum bending moment occurs at
5.12
(a) location B
mm to the right of A
(b) 2675 It is given that P =1 N, L = 1 m and Young's
to the right of A
c) 2500 mm modulus E = 200 GPa. The cross-section is a
(d) 3225 mm to the right of A square with dimension 10 mm x 10 mm. The
2010: 2 Marks] bending stress (in Pa) at the point A located at
magnitude of bending stress (in the top surface of the beam at the distance of
5.13 The max1mum
MPa) is given by 1.5 L from the left end is_

a) 60.0 (b) 67.5 [2016 2 Marks, Set-1]

(c) 200.0 (d) 225.0 5.17 The figure shows cross-section of a beam
[2010 2 Marks] subjected to bending. The are moment of inertia
(in mm) of this cross-section about its base
6.14 Consider a simply supported beam of length, 50h,
with a rectangular cross-section of depth, h, and is
width, 2h. The beam carries a vertical point load,
P.at its mid-point. The ratio of the maximum shear
stress to the maximum bending stress in the beam
S

a) 0.02 (b) 0.10

c)0.05 (d) 0.01 10

[2014 2 Marks, Set-3]

0.15 The value of moment of inertia of the section shown
10
in the figure about the axis-XX is
2016 2 Marks, Set-1]
60 with circular crosS-section of
5.18 Consider a beam

Alldimensions diameter d. The ratio of the second moment of

are in mm
area about the neutral axis
to the section modulus

120 of the area is

TTa
45 d
(a) 2
***
X (c) d (d) td
[2017: 1 Mark, Set-11
15 100 mm,
45 supported of width beam
5.19 A simply
and length 4 m is carrying a
height 200 mm 10 kN/m.
distributed load of intensity
uniformly
bending stress (in MPa) in the
30 The maximum
decimal place)
beam iS (correct to one
 Solved Papers: ME MADE EASY
MAne
154 GATE Previous Years

10 kN/m
L
R

Ends of the beam-

[2019 2
Mark, Set-11
4 m A wire of circular croSS-section of diameter 1 n
5.21
[2018 2 Marks, Set-1] mm is bent into a Circular arc of radius 1
by application ot pure bending moments at is
5.20 Consider an elastic straight beam of length
L = 10T m, with square cross-section of side ends. The Young's modulus of the material o
a = 5 mm, and Young's modulus E= 200 GPa. the wire is 100 GPa. The maximum tensile
This straight beam was bent in such a way that stress developed in the wireeis
MPa.
the two ends meet, to form a circle of mean
[2019: 1
Mark, Set-2
radius R. Assuming that Euler-Bernoulli beam
theory is applicable to this bending problem,
the maximum tensile bending stress in the

bent beam is MPa.

AnswersBending and Shear Stress in Beams

5.1(4.81) 5.2 (d) 5.3 (b) 5.4 (a) 5.5 (b) 5.6 (d) 5.7 (a) 5.8 (c)

5.9 (a) 5.10 (d) 5.11 (d) 5.12 (c) 5.13 (b) 5.14 (d) 5.15 (b) 5.16(0)

5.17 (21439.06) 5.18 (a) 5.19 (30) 5.20 (100) 5.21 (50)

Explanations Bending and Shear Stress in Beams

5.1 Sol.
100 x 210 94.03x200
Modular ratio, 12 12
1.96x 103 16.75 14.5x 109 mm
=

m- E0.117x 10 76.75 Now if permissible stress in steel

= 156.8 MPa
Equivalent steel area of timber beam
Equivalent width Stress in timber will be
100 156.8
16.75 .97 mm x 100x
105
Hence equivalent beam will be = 8.915
wnicn is less than maximum permissible stress
-100 mm-
If permissible stress is wood
5mm
= 14.8 MPa

Stress in steel

14.8 105 x16.75

100
= 261.88 N/mm
ermissible
Which is greate than maximum
mm Stress hence maximum stress in steel shou
be limited to 156.8 MPa
 155
EASY
MADE
EASY
Strength of Materials
From bending equation

M
156.8 x 14.5x 10
M=
105 21.65 MNm
Bending stress,
WM-21.65x10 M

8x21.65x 10
= 4.81 N/mm where M = Fx d/2
W
6000)
= 4.81 kN/m
y
52 (d)
where, = d
O4

Chennged
y

d x2
e thod Z64 d32
6PL
>da M Fx
fd
2
TTOS

eDiCCt 32

16F
d/2 Td (Tensile)
PL Axial stress,
b/12 d/2 Force
and Oa Area
6PL
h 4
-d

bd 4F (Compressive)
6PL Td
b=
Combined stress = O+ Op
fd
As o (bending stress) is independent of x, the
4F 16F 12F
beam is of uniform strength. Td rd
55 (b
Tension Let, d= diameter of circular cross-section

Snear
a side of square cross-section
-. -
Since crosS-sectional area of square and circular
Compression cross-section are equal

ransverse shear stress is minimum at top and

..(i)
Dottom edges and its value is maximumat For circular cross-section,
neutral axis.
A
32M
Oc
In the question I
The given 64
at Gto
load is qual to a mom anda force
the stress
 Solved Papers : ME
156
GATE PreviousYears MADE EASYN
Man.

|10N
Square cross-section
My
MA 10 Nm

. 12
6M
RA 10N
X Ymax

S2 M

Td 32a 10x10X
10/12 2
60 60 MPa
MPa
Now, 6M
6td
a
5.8 (c)
FB.D
1.5 kN/m

MYOÝYYYYYYYMY
6 6m

RA
1 RA Rg 9kN
244 8
+ =

Taking moment about B, we get

RAX6 = 1.5 x 6x3
5.6 d) A R 4.5 kN
Polar moment of inertia perpendicular to the plane
of paper Mmax =
4.5x-1.5atx =
3m]
= 6.75 kNm

32 5.9 (a)
We know that

M
I y
6.75 x 10° x 64 75
Tx(754*,
=
162.97MPa

5.11 (d)
By Perpendicular Axis" theorem

2 32
TD
F(L-b)x12
64
Here xx and yy represents diametral
(2b
axis
5.7 (a) O =
3F(L-b)
4b
The bending moment varies from zero to 10 Nm (due to bending)

along the length of the beam from the centre of and

the beam
(due to axial force)
 157
Strength of Materials
EASY

. Total
axial
stress
Px50h=12.5 Ph
3F(L-b) Fb Mrnax 4
FL-D) 46
4b 4b
Z
3FL-3Fb+Fb F(3L-2b)
12.5Phx3
4b 46 Mmax =37.5 P
Onax h

0. 75
5.12 ( c
3000 N/m
max = 0.01
Omax 37.5

A
B
5.15 (b
2000 - 2000
Rc
AA+ Rg = 6000 N
moment about A
Taking
= 0
600 x 3-Rcx4
4500 N
Ac =

RA150ON A2
-- X
from A.
Taking any section x m

Shearforce = 1500-3000(x -2)

and maximum bending moment occurs where
shear force = 0.
totalA1-2A2
1 5 0 0 -3000(x - 2) = 0
A160x1203
= 2.5 mn 12
or 2500 mm from A = 8640000 mm4

5.13 (b)
Maximum bending moment
=30x+30x 303
BM)max= 1500x - .S00(2 AQ877500mm
atx 2.5 m I= 8640000-2x 877500
(BM)max 1500 x 2.5-1500(0.5)? = 68850000 mm
3375 Nm = 6.885x 10 mm
Bending stress,
M 5.16 Sol
Z

where

6x 3375
R2
30x 100 x
10 F 0
67.5 x 10 N/m2 67.5 MPa R,+Ra= 0
5.14 d
EM, = 0

D 3R,L-2PL + PL = 0
maymax
4h
a =
0.75 mx R P: R

max O.75 P 0.375P B.M at A, MA =(R,x 1.5L) + (Px0.5L)

h
 158 GATE Previous Years Solved Papers: ME MADE EASY
Me

5.19 Sol.
+0.5 PL = 00 Maximum B.M.

B.M. at = 0
Bending stress = 0 Pa. M 8
w
8
10x1020KNm (L 4 m
Maximum bending stress,
S17 $o.
Area moment of inertia of rectangular cross- M. 20x 103
max Ymax 0.1x0.23*01
section about its centre of gravity
12
ba 10x 203 = 30 x 105 N/m =
30 MPa
IcG 12 12
= 6666.67 mm 5.20 Sol.

Area moment of inertia of rectangular cross- Given: L =

10 t m; a=5mm;E= 200 GPa
section about its base Perimeter of wire Length of wire

= Ica+ A 2TR 10
R 5 m
= 6666.67 + (10x 20) x (10)
We know that,
= 26,666.67 mm
Area moment of inertia of two semi-circle of equal
radii about its centre of gravity
Now,
200x 10 x2.5x 103
5
= 100 MPa

201.0619 mm 5.21 Sol.

Area moment of inertia of two semi-circle of equal

radii about base * * *

ct A -----.

201.0619
2xx# nof M d

= 5227.61 mm
A
Area moment of inertia of configuration given in
question about its base R

= 26666.67-5227.61

= 21439.06 mm FY
(p max EImax
R
5.18 (a
NA INA 2 , 100x10 x 0.550 MPa
ZNA (NA / Ynax)
= Y.
max (pmax R 1000
For a solid circular cross-section
max d/2
6 compound
shaft shown is built-in at the two
Torsion in Shafts

1 The subjected to a twisting moment T at O P

It is su
6 1

ends. N
themiddle. What is the ratic of the reaction torques
at the ends?
C
T, and 7 T 10 Nm

(a) 0.5 rad (b) 1.0 rad

d |2d (c) 5.0 rad (d) 10 rad
2004 1 Mark]
6.5 A solid circular shaft of 60 mm diameter transmits
a torque of 1600 Nm. The value of maximum shear
1
() 16 ) stress developed is
(a) 37.72 MPa (b) 47.72 MPa
() (c) 57.72 MPa (d) 67.72 MPa
C4
[1993 2 Marks] [2004:2Marks]
6.6 Two shafts AB and BC,
of equal length and
62 TWO shafts Aand Bare made of the same material.
The diameter of shaft B is twice that of shaft A. diameters d and 2d, are made of the same
The ratio of power which can be transmitted by material. They are joined at B through a shaft
shaft A to that of shaft B is (lf maximum shear coupling, while the ends A and C are built-in
stress remains the same) (cantilevered). Atwisting moment Tis applied to
the coupling.T and To represent the twisting
If
(b) moments at the ends A and C,
respectively, then
1 Coupling
(c (d) 16
[1994: 2 Marks] 2d

6.3 Maximum shear stress developed on the surface

of a solid circular
shaft under pure torsion is
240 MPa. If the shaft diameter is
doubled then (a) Te TA (b) To=8TA
the maximum
shear stress developed (c) To 16TA (d) TA= 16To
Corresponding to the same torque will be [2005: 2 Marks]
a) 120 MPa (6) 60 MPa 6.7 For a circular shaft of diameter
) 30 MPa (d) 15 MPa d subjected to
torque T, the maximum value of the shear stress
2003:1 Mark] S
6.4 Atorque of 10 Nm is transmitted
through a 64T
SIepped shaft as shown in a
b)2T

figure. The torsional Ta

unesses of individual sections of lengths M,
Nand OP 16T 8T
60
are 20 Nm/rad, 30 Nm/rad and (c) (d)
Mm/rad respectively. The
angular deflection
Deweenthe ends M and Pof the [2006:1 Mark]
shaft is
160 GATE Previous
Years Solved Papers: ME MADEEASY
6.8 A Solid shaft of diameter d and length L is fixed6.12 A hollowshaft(d, = 2d, where d, and d, are the
at both the ends. A torque, To is applied at a outer and inner
diameters
respectively) eeds to
at 3000 RPM. F the
transmit 20 kWpower
distance, L4 frorm the left end as shown in the permissible shear stress is 30 MPa, d is
maximum
figure given below. (b) 22.58 mm
(a) 11.29 mm
(c) 33.87 mm (d) 45.16 mm
2015 2 Marks, Set-2
6.13 A hollowshaft of 1 m ngth is designed to transmit
L/4 3L/4 a power of 30 kW at 700 rpm. The maximum
The maximum shear stress in the shaft is
permissible angle ot twist in the shaft is 1. The
161% 120 inner diameter of the shaft is 0.7 times the outer
(a) (b) TTa diameter. The modulus of rigidity is 80 GPa. The
outside diameter (in mm) of the shaft is
(o) TTa (d)
[2015 2
Td Marks, Set-2
[2009 2 Marks]
6.14 The cross sections of two hollow bars made of
6.9 Atorque Tis applied atthe free end of a stepped
rod of circular cross-sections as shown in the the same material are concentric circles as shown
The shear modulus of the material of the in the figure. It is given that a> and
figure. r >
1
rod is G. The expression for d to produce an and that the areas of the cross-sections are the

angulartwist 0 at the free endis same, J, and J, are the torsional rigidities of the
L/2 bars on the left and right, respectively. The ratio
JJJ, is
2d

(a) 3271 (b)

(18TL 14

1 (a)>1
c)1672 (a) 27 (b)<0.5
TOG (c) =1
[2011 2 Marks] (d) between 0.5 and1
6.10 Two solid circular shafts of radii A, and R, are [2016: 1 Mark, Set-11
Subjected to same torque. The maximum shear
6.15 Two circular shafts made of same material, one
stresses developed in the two shafts are t, and
t f R,/R, = 2, then t,/t,is solid (S) and one hollow (H), have the same lengn
and polar moment of ineria. Both are subjected
[2014:1 Mark, Set-3]
to same torque. Here, 0, is the twist arnd tg is the
6.11 Consider a stepped shaft subjected to atwisting
moment maximum shear stress in the solid shaft, whereas
applied at B as shown in the
figure.
Assume shear modulus, G =77 GPa. The angle S the tWIst and is the maximum shear stress

of twist at C(in degree) is _ in the hollow shaft. Which one of the following is

All dimensions in mmm TRUE?

10 Nm
(a) Og and ts =H
20 10 (b) s>0and ts> tH
JB (c)0s<,and ts< 4
(d) 9= and ts < T4
500 500
2016: 2 Marks, Set-3]
[2015 1 Mark, Set-1]
 ASY
ength of Materials
MADE
161
sid horizontal rod of length 2L is fixed to a
6.16A rigicd.
6.18 Ahollow circular shaft of inner radius 10 mm outer
ylinder of radius Ras shown in the
figure. radius 20 mm and length m is to be used as
Vertical forces of magnitud Pare applied at the a torsional
spring. If the shear modulus of the
ends as shown in the figure.
The shear
TWO material of the shaft is 150 GPa, the torsional
modulus for the cylinderis G and the Young's stiffness of the shaft (in kN-m/rad) is .

modulus is E. (correct to two decimal places).

[20181 Marks, Set-2]

6.19 Abar of circular cross section is
clamped at ends
P and Q as shown in the
figure. A torsional
moment T =150 Nm is applied at a distance of
100 mm from end P. The torsional reactions
=

in Nm at the ends P and Q

(Tp
respectively are
A Q

The vertical deflection at point Ais 100 200

(All dimensions are in mm)
PLS PLS
(a) (50, 100) (b) (75, 75)
(b) (mA'E (c) (100, 50) (d) (120,30)
2PL 4P [2018 2 Marks, Set-2]
(R'E (d)(TAG 6.20 A cylindrical rod of diameter 10 mm and length
[2016 2 Marks, Set-2] 1.0 m is fixed at one end. The other end is twisted
by an angle of 10° by applying a torque. If the
6.17 A motor driving a solid circular steel shaft
maximum shear strain in the rod is px 10-3,
transmits 40 kW of power at 500 rpm. If the then p is equal to. (round off to two
diameter of the shaft is 40 mm, the maximum decimal places)
shear stress in the shaft is MPa.
[2019:1 Mark, Set-1]
[2017 1 Mark, Set-1]

Answers Torsion in Shafts

6.1
(a) 6.2 (c)6.3 (c) 6.4 (b) 6.5 (a) 6.6 (c) 6.7 )6.8 (b)
69 () 6.11 (0.2368°) 6.12 (b) 6.13 (44.5212) 6.14 (a) 6.15 (d) 6.16 (d)
6.10 (8)
6.17 (60.792) 6.20 (0.8726)
6.18 (35.343) 6.19 (c)

Explanations Torsion in Shafts

At the or
joints, 6, B2
=

6
2 2(

GJ GJ2 P To
Putting torsion formula
TL
32
Gn(2d J di2
32
 GATE Previous Years Solved Papers: ME MADE FAC
162 EASY
67

32tRd T
T d/2
d/2
are same, t ill be
Since material of both shafts
same
d/2
Po d3 32

Now, if dg 20A 16T

T

6.8 (b)
6.3 (c To
16T
Vax 240
td
When shaft diameter is doubled then
16T U4 3L/4
16T
max t(2d) 87td

8 U4
= 30 MPa
2
64 (b)
in
Here each shaft connected with each other X
3L/4
series. Iorque in same in each part.

10 T+T2 = 0
= 0.5 radian Angle of twist for both shafts at section X-X will
NK 20
be same

NO 10 rad Therefore,
30
10 TL Tx3L
60 rad 4GJ 4GJ
T = 3T2 ..i)
NP MNt No+oP
Solving equations (i) and (i)
0.5+ = 1.0 rad = 1.0 radian

T T 4
6.5 (a)
Shear stress in 1 = 167 1 3
Ttd° Tta
16T 16x 1600x 10
max
Tx (60)5
=37.72 MPa
127

6.6 t 4T
Angular deflection in both shafts are same Shearstress in 2
TTa
1 ta

AB OBC 12
TAXL Hence maximum shear stress in shaftisd3
ToxL
Gxxd Gxx(2d 6.9 (b)
By using torsion equation we have
T 16 Ge
Tc = 16TA
L
 of Materials
I163
D EE A S Y Strength
Strength

Y I
TL 16T
T

16T

18TL no(1-K)
Grtd 16x63.66197x 10
32 30=
xd(1-0.54)
1/4
(18TL Of d 22.59 mm
meG

&13 Sok
Given data,
2T P 30 kW
N 700 rpm
(2-8 (: T, =T = T 2rtNT = 30 x 103 = P
60
O T= 409.25 Nm

10 Nm TL
All dimensions in mm
G( inradian)
20 10 1XT 409.25x10x10 x32

180 Tx(d)(1-0.7)x 80x 10

Or a = 44.5212 mm
500 500

6.14 (a)
TL C.S. area of both is same

10x10 x500x 32 -R -3 .i)

x(20 x77x103 Torsional rigidity.

= 4.1338946 x 103 radian
Gl -A)
= 4.134 x 103x = 0.2368°
4Glld-s)

ven data, d,=2d; k= d = 0.5 -FVGA)

P 20 kN - Fromequation()
N= 3000 RPM
2tNT
60 P

T 0 x 20x 103
a1
J
2m x3000
63.66197 Nm
164 GATE PreviousYears Solved Papers: ME MADEEAc.
EAS
6.18 Sol.
6.15 d
Torsional stiffness = Glp
L

150x 10x 1004-O0

1
= 35343 Nm/rad

= 35.343 kNm/rad

Angle of twist
6.19 (c)
TL
Glp
R 2L

Tp+To=T
QpR+Ro=0
Tp(Tp-T)2L - 0
Glp Glp
Tp+ 2Tp= 2T
6.16 (d
2T
Tp 100 Nm
From equation (1), we get,

5Nm
0
6.20 Sol.

Angle of twist.

(2PLL 2PL 4PLE L=1 mn

e GIp TGR d 10 mm; 0 10°

G
. = 1 m, o = P x 10
.Vertical deflection of A, From torsion eq.
4PL Ge
AA0 L= nGR max
R L

6.17 Sol. Re
rex
Px60 x 10 40 x 60 x 10
G L
Re
2TN 21t(500) Pmax
= 763943.7268 N-mm

16T 16x 763943.7268 px 103 = 5x10° T

max 1000 180
T(40 = 0.8726 x 10-3
= 60.792 MPa
p 0.8726
 7 Subjected to pure torsion
Principal Stresses and Strains

(a) Tcos 45° (b) 2t cos 45

A odindrical elastic body
7 1

axis develops (d) Tcos? 45 (d) 2t sin 45° cos 45°

about its stress in a directio 45° to the axis
a )tensile
or compressive stress
[2003: 2 Marks]
(b) no tensile
maximum shea stress along the axis of the
(c) Common Data Questions Q.7.6 and Q.7.7.
shaft
shear stress at 45° to the axis The state of stress at a point Pin a two dlimensional loading
d maximum is such that the Mohr's circle is a point located at 175 MPa
[1989 1 Mark]
on the positive normal stress axis.
to a tensile stress X
19 Anelastic body is Subjected 7.6 The maximum and minimum principal stresses
and a compressive stress
inaparticular direction X and Y respectively from the Mohr's circle are
direction. are
Yin its perpendicular (a)+175 MPa, -175 MPa
On the plane of maximum
unequal in magnitude. (b)+175 MPa, +175 MPa
shear stress
in the body there will be (c) 0,-175 MPa

(a) no normal
stress (d) 0, 0 [2003 2 Marks]
stress
(b) also the maximum normal 7.7 The directions of maximum and minimum principal
the minimum normal stress
(c) stresses at the pointPfrom the Mohr's circle are
both normal stress and shear
stress
(d) (a) 0, 90 (b) 90°, 0
[1989: 1 Mark]
(C) 45°, 135 (d) All directions

body the state of stress

stressed [2003 2 Marks]
7.3 At a point in a
on two planes 45° apart
is as shown below. at a certain
MPa. 7.8 The figure shows the state of stress
Determine the two principal stresses in of normal
point in a stressed body. The magnitudes
and
stresses in thex and y directions are 100 MPa
Mohr's stress

AUL IL L L L DIL
20 MPa respectively. The radius of
stress iss
circle representing this state of
3 MPak - 8 MPa

2 MPa
3 MPa

a) 8.242, 0.658 (b) 9.242, 0.758

(d) 8.242, 0.758
c) 9.242,0.758
[1993 2 Marks]
4 f the two orincipal strains at a point are 1000x
(a) 120 MPa
(b) 80 MPa
shear
0 and-600 x 10-6, then the maximum (c) 60 MPa
(d) 40 MPa
strain is [2004: 1 Mark]
(a) 800x 10-6 (b) 500x 10-6 stress for a point in a
The Mohr's circle of plane
7.9
)1600 x 10-6 (d) 200 x 10-6
is shown. The design is
to be done on the
[1996: 1 Mark] body for
maximum shear stress theory
basis of the
15 will just begin if the
A
Slait subjected to torsion experiences
a plure Then, yielding
yielding. material whose yield
shear stress Ton the surface. The maximum chooses a ductile
designer
tO
Cpal stress on the surface which is at 45 strength is
the axis will have a value
166 GATE PreviousYears
Solved Papers : ME Man
MADE EASY
principal stress don the shaft is
t(MPa) closest
(a) 41 MPa (b) 82 MPa
(c) 164 MPa (d) 204 MPa
o(MPa)

-100 10
2008: 2 Marks
7.14 If the principal stresses in a plane stress
(a) 45 MPa (b) 50 MPa are o, = 100 MPa, o, = 40 MPa, the magnit problem
(c) 90 MPa (d) 100 MPa the maximum shear stress (in MPa) will be
[2005: 2 Marks] (a) 60 (b) 50
(d) 20
Linked Data Questions 7.11 and 7.11 (c) 30 2009 1 Mark
Amachine frame shown in the figure below is subjected A solid circular shaft of diameter.dis subjected
7.1
7.15
to a horizontal force of 600 N parallel to z-direction. to a combined bending moment Mand torque T
The material property to be used for designina

16
. - . - - . - - . - . . . -.--.-.----.-.-.-.-
the shaft using the relation Td
7M +T is
500 mm (a) ultimate tensile strength (S)
(b) tensile yield strength (S,)
300 mm
(c) torsional yield strength (S)
3 0 mmm (d) endurance strength (S) [2009: 1 Mark)
7.16 The state of plane-stress at a point is
NATIIIIIIIINIIIII 600 N given by o,= 200 MPa, o, = 100 MPa and
T 100 MPa. The maximum shear stress
X

(in MPa) is
7.10 The normal and shear stresses in MPa at point P (a) 111.8 (b) 150.1
are respectively c) 180.3 (d) 223.6
(a) 67.9 and 56.6 (b) 56.6 and 67.9
[2010:1Mark]
(c) 67.9 and 0.0 (d) 0.0 and 56.6
7.17 The state of stress at a point under plane stress
[2007 2 Marks] condition is
7.11 The maximum principal stress in MPa and the 40 MPa, = 100 MPa and
orientation of the corresponding principal plane in y40 MPa
degrees are respectively The radius of Mohr's circle representing the givern
(a)-32.0and-29.52 state of stress in MPa is
(6) 100.0 and 60.48
(a) 40 (b) 50
(b)-32.0 and 60.48
(d) 100.0 and-29.52
c) 60 (d) 100 [2012:2 Marks]
[2007 2 Marks] 7.18 The state of stress at a point is given by o, = -0

MPa, o 4 MPa, and , = -8 MPa. The maximum

7.12 Atwo dimensional filuid element rotates like a rigid
body. At a point within the element, the pressure is tensile stress (in MPa) at the point is .
1 unit. Radius of the Mohr's circle, [2014:2Marks, Set-1]
characterizing
the state at that point, is 7.19 in a plane stress condition, the componenis
(a) 0.5 unit (b) Ounit of stress at a point are o, = 20 MPa, o, = 80 MPa
(c) 1 unit (d) 2 units in
and 40 MPa. The maximum shear stress
2008: 2 Marks] MPa) at the point is
7.13 A solid circular shaft of diameter 100 mm is a) 20 (b) 25
subjected to an axial stress of 50 MPa. Itis further c) 50 (d) 100
subjected to a torque of 10 kNm. The maximum 2015 2 Marks, Set-2
 Strength of Materials I167
c
MADE.
EASY |
with a rcular crosS-section is subjected y
shaft
A moment. The ratio of the maximum Ty 50 kPa
120
topur
wisting y
to the largest principal stress is
shearstress
(b) 1.0
(a) 2 . 0
(d) O
0.5 o, 100 kPa
[2016 1 Mark, Set-2]

state of stress at a eleme is

point on an
The
figure (a). The same:state of stress is
7 2

shown in
coordinate system in figure (b).
shown in another

xy
(a) 9.45 (b) 18.88
xy (c) 37.78 (d) 75.50

45 xX
[2018 2 Marks, Set-1]
7.25 Consider a linear elastic rectangularthin sheet of
metal, subjected to uniform uniaxial tensile stress
of 100 MPa along the length direction. Assume

(b) plane stress conditions in the plane normal to the

a) thickness. The Young's modulus E = 200 MPa

Thecomponents (Tyare given by and Poisson's ratio v =0.3 are given. The principal
strains in the plane of the sheet are

(a) (0.5, -0.5) (b) (0.5,-0.15)

(c) (0.35,-0.15) (d) (0.5, 0.0)
(b) (0,0, p)
[2019 1 Mark, Set-2]

7.26 The state of stress at a point in a component is

represented by a Mohr's circle of radius 100 MPa
centered at 200 MPa on the normal stress axis.
On a passing through the same point, the
plane
[2016 1 Mark, Set-3]
normal stress is 260 MPa. The magnitude of the
solid is in a state or shear stress on the same plane at the same point
y22 A rectangular region in a

coordinates of the corners MPa.

(x, y)
plane strain. The S

ofthe undeformmed rectangle are given by P(0, 0), [2019 1 Mark, Set-2]
4,0), A4,3), SO, 3). The rectangle is subjected in a material under
7.27 The stress state at a point
touniform strain e, = 0.001, e = 0.002, condition is equi-biaxial tension with
plane stress
y=O.003. The deformed length ofthe elongated 10 MPa. If one unit on the d -
a magnitude of
alagonal, upto three decimal places, is . Mohr's circle representation
tplane is 1 MPa, the
units. state-of-stress is given by
of the
Marks, Set-1] radius of 10 units on the a t
-

[2017 2 (a) a circle with a

723 The state of stress at a point is o , = O, = Oz
plane
= 50 a circle with a
equal to principal stress
radius
(b)
Tyz Tzy =0 and y Ty
MPa. The maximum at and its center at
the origin of the o t plane
-

normal stress (in MPa) distance of 10 units

that point is the t axis at a
(c) a point on
from the origin
[2017 1 Mark, Set-2] axis at a distance of 10
units
124 The (d) a point on the o
state of stress at a point, for a body in place from the origin
[2020 1 Mark, Set-1]
stress, is shown in the figure below. Ifthe minimum
principal stress is 10 kPa, the the normal stress

, Gin kPa) is
168| GATE Previous Years Solved Papers: ME MAnE
EASY
Answers Principal Stresses and Strains
7.1 (a) 7.2 7.4 (c) 7.5 (d) 7.6 (b) 7.7 (d)
(d) 7.3 (b) 7.8
(c
7.9 (d) 7.10 (a) 7.11 (b) 7.12 (b) 7.13 (b) 7.14 (b) 7..15
(c) 7.16 (
7.17 (b) 7.18 (8.43) 7.199 (c) 7.20 (b) 7.21 (b) 7.22 (5.015) 7.23 (50)

7.24 (c) 7.25 (b) 7.26 (80) 7.27 (d)

Explanations Principal Stresses and Strains

7.1 (a) 7.2 (d

State of stress for pure torsion can be shown If x>y
as D

o, 0 B
OA = x
L ryJ OB =y
CD = t_

OC = o

Principal stresses can be found out as

73 (b)
1,2 o,+Oy ( Oy

0 V0P=tt 3MPa
Angle for principal planes, 8 MPa

2Ty 2 MPa MPa

tan 20 = 2T F

20 90° or = 45° or 135

So, at 0 = 45°
2- cos90° -3sin90
1
o = 2 MPa
1,
5lo, +o,)+, -o,)
cOs20 +T sin20
T Sin 90° = T
9-45 T
= 5 4.242
O9= 135
Hence, at 0 = 45°, we have maximum principal = 9.242, +0.758 MPa

stress which is tensile in nature and magrnitude 7A c)

of t. So, the correct option is (a).
Method ll:
We can solve the same problem by using Mohr's
circle method.
max

-6
+600 10 =¬2 1000x 10 ¬

T=t
 of terials
Strength
169
MADE
FASY
EASY
I
7.10 (a
rnax radius = 2
2 Normal stress
E E 2 =[1000 -(-600)] x 10-6
322M 32 x 60 x 300
= 1600 x 10- = 67.9 MPa
Tx (30)
Shear stress:
16T 16 x 600 x 500
56.6 MPa
O12 2 td
For pure shear, 7.11 (b)
T
and o,= 0 and t The stress element
o,
o67.9 MPa
principal stress T
Maximum
written as 2t sin 45° cos45°
It can be T 56.6 MPa

= 2xTX
= 0

Mohr's circle is a point,

Centre of Mohr circle

1 O2 = 175 MPa TOy=

2
33.95 MPa
Radius of Mohr's circle

i.e. O O2 = 175 MPa

and
= 66 MPaa

17

Mohr's circle is a point, hence maximum and

minimum stress at point Pis same in all directions.
B(0 180)
(67.9, - 56.6)

18

20)
Radius 20
+y A( 0)
(0, 56.6)
Given, 100 MPa, o, =-20 MPa xy

0 Principal stress = 66 +33.95

2
=
99.95 =
100 MPa
Radius 100+20+0
2 sin 20 =
565.6
66
19 = 60 MPa
20 59.04
20 = 120.95
AS
per maximum shear stress theory. =60.47

ma absolute 7.12 6
Since the fluid element will be subjected to
and
when o, arnd ogare like in nature hydrostatic loading therefore Mohr circle will
reduce into a point on o-axis.
o,S S . Radius of Mohr's circle 0 unit
yS 100 MPa
 Solved Papers: ME
170 GATE Previous Years MADE E
7.13 (b) 7.16 (a)

In plane, Tmax V( , ) +42

10x 10 T
=
100
2
+4x 100?
= 111.80 MPa
100
3(100) 2
7.17 (b)
or T 50.95 N/mm2
Mohr's circle
Maximum principal stress

2 Radius= +
2 + - (50.95 40 100 403
=
25+25 +50.952 =
82 MPa 240
= 50 MPa
7.14 (c)
7.18 Sol.
In plane stress problem principal stresses,
o= 100 MPa +y
and O240MPa 2
Magnitude of the maximum shear stress in plane
stress case is given by

maxMaximum o f | 2
1+ V25+64
|100|40
na 2 2|100-40|
2 1+ V89 8.43 MPa
= 50 MPa 7.19 (c)

7.15 (c

A solid circular shaft of diameter d is

12
-
,+o,)+ y(o, -o,) +4t,
subjected
to a combined
bending moment Mand torque T.
For design of shaft using the relation
-
100 (60 +4x40
a, = 100 MPa

l M +T2 the mechanical property torsional

maxO/2=50 MPa
yield strength (S) is used. 7.20 (b)
For the case of
pure shear
Shaft o max
max
M
Required ratio T,max 1o, =O,/0*
=

eyM +T2 7.21 (b)

The given plane IS principal ple

Ip ( P, o, = - p). At 45° from prindipal pl
16 plane of maximum shear occurs. On t plan
M +72
Ttd maximum shear.
Sy both, Ty
S
N
(for safe design) yy O1O2 =0
O+O
2 P
 EASY
Strength of Materials 171
MADE

7.22 Sol, By squaring

4
tane 3 2500+ -500, +2500 1600+ +400,
90 , = 3400
S (0, 3) R(4,3) o 37.78 kPa

5 7.25 (6)
Given, E = 200 MPa = v = 0.3
X
P (0,0) Q (4, 0)
= 53.13°
20 106.26°
cos 20 = -0.27999
b

sin 20 = 0.96 o, = 100 MPa| o, 100 MPa

Normal strain on a oblique plane (i.e. RP) inclined L

at an angle (0) is given by Assume plane stress condition, o,= 0
Given, oy = 0 and o, # O[Uniaxial state of
G y]* zls,-t,]cos20 sin2 stress condition]

lo.001+0.002]+ [0.001-0.002] As no shear stress acting on x and y face,

So = O, = 100 MPa

-0.27999]+| 2 0.96) yO2= 0

100
Fne= 53.13 0.00308
E-E?200 0 0.5
Change in length of diagona 0.00308
Original length of diagonal - 0-0.3
Hence, change in length of diagonal
-0.15
= (0.00308)5 = 0.0154 mm
Hence, option (b) is correct.
Deformed length of diagonal
=5 +0.0154 5.0154 mm 7.26 So
7.23 Sol
Given state of stress condition indicates pure (260,
shear state of stress.
For pure shear state of stress, (100,/0) C/
Max. tensile stress = Maximum comp. stress 200;0) 300o, 0)
= Maximum shear stress

Txy 50 MPa
CICe, maximum normal stress = 50 MPa 100 100

724
100 kPa, t, = 50 KPa, o, = 10 kPa In ACDE, (CDP (CE)? + (DE)2
(100? = (60)? + (t)
Minimum principal stress,
T 80 MPa

10 MPa

1000+o,
+50 -10 MPa E
10

+50 50+ -10 = 40+

 8 Theories of Failure

8.1
According to Von-Mises' distortion energy theory (a) 9.50 (b) 16.07
the distortion (c) 28.52 (d) 49.41
energy under three dimensional
stress state is

(a)
represented by 2012:2 Marks
+o+ o-2u(o,2 +Og02 +o,03) 8.4The principal stresses at a point inside a solid hi
a r e o , = 100 MPa,
o, =
100 MPa and bjec
a, =OMPa
(b)F+o+o+2(o,0+0,02 +o,0) The yield strength of the material is
200
The MPa T
factor of safety calculated using Tresca
(c) oo +
o-(o02 +Ogo2 +Oj0a) (maxirm
shear stress) theory is n,and the factor
of safe
calculated using Von Mises (maximum
+o +0 - u(o,02 +
og02 +0,03) energy) theory is
distortion
ny Which one of the
followinn
[2006 2 Marks] relations is TRUE?
8.2 Match the following criteria of
material failure, under (a)
biaxial stresses o, and and
o, yield stress o, with (b)n =Va)n,
their
corresponding graphic representations: (c) n= ny (d) n=3 n
2016 2
Marks, Set-1
P. Maximum-normal-stress 8.5 In metal
criterion
a
forming operation
when the material
has just started
-
yielding, the principal stresses
are +180 MPa,
o, =

o, 100 MPa, o, = -

M
Following von Mises criterion, the =0
a Maximum-distortion-energy yield stress s
criterion
MPa.

O,
[2017 1 Mark, Set-1
8.6 The
N principal stresses at a point in a criica
section of a machine
R Maximum-shear-stress
criterion g 5 MPa and
=
component are o, 60 MPa, =

of the
o, - 40 MPa. For the matena
=

component, the tensile yield strength s

(a) P-M, Q-L, R-N o 200 MPa. According to the
(b) P-N, Q-M, R-L stress theory, the maximum shea
(c) P-M, Q-N, R-L factor of safety Is
(d) Q-N, Q-L, R-M (a) 1.67
[2011 1 Mark] (c) 3.60 (b) 2.00
8.3 The (d) 4.00
homogenous state of stress for a metal part
undergoing plastic deformation is (2017 2 Marks, Set-2
8.7 Aa
10 5 0 critical point in
a
stress is given as component, the stae
T=5 20 0 = 100 MPa, o
O 0 -10 xy = 80 MPa and all 220 NM
Where the stress components are zero. The other su
component values are in MPa. material is 468 yield of th
strength
Using Von Mises yield criterion, basis of MPa. The factor of safey on th
the value of estimated shear maximum shear
IS
yield stress, in MPa round off to onestress is-
theory
decimal place).
l2019 2 Mark, Sel
 CY Strength
MADEEASY Str of Materials
173
Theories of Failure
Answers

8.2 (c) 8.3 (b) 8.4 (c) 8.5(245.7641) 8.6

8.1 (b) 8.7 (1.8)
Explanations TA Theories of Failure

84
o, = 100 MPa, o, = 100 MPa,
og = 0; 0, = 200 MPa

According to iresca theory :o, and o are unlike in nature]

Oy Oy 050 MPa
max 2F0S 2
200
now max abs
= 103-
2
50 MPa Hence, 50 2N
200 N 2
50
2n 8.7 Sol MImP Pot-ol
n 2 As per given data
According to Von-Mises theory
100 MPa CVOrL
220 MPa
y =80 MPaCOmbme
Principal stresses, 0 C imng
100+100-100x100s0
ny
200 O2 + xy
100= Che
n 2 100+220)
2 100-220+80 PotnCiPa
2
160 100
85 Sol.
o =160 + 100 260 MPa
Sate condition for o =160- 100 = 60 MPa
design as per von-Mises criterion,
Both principal stresses are like in nature.
According to maximum shear stress theory.
thn
When yielding occurs, N =1
Maximum shear stress JO
o+-02 = (S,*
(180+(-100)? (180)(-100) (S, = 2

S, 245.7641 MPa nax 2

yt
AS
FOSx 2
per maximum shear stress theory,
Safe FOS = 468
condition for design, 260
= 1.8

Absolute max N
Sys or Sy
2N
Absolute tnay= larger o

2 2