10

NUMBER AND ALGEBRA

SIMULTANEOUS
EQUATIONS
Many scientific, natural, economic and social phenomena can be modelled by equations.
Often these models consist of more than one equation. For example, when manufacturing
milk, equations can be written that describe relationships between quantity, cost and
income. These equations can then be solved simultaneously to obtain information about
pricing and the quantities that need to be produced and sold to make the most profit.

396 New Century Maths 10 Advanced 9780170453509

 Shutterstock.com/Shuang Li
Chapter outline Wordbank
coefficient The numerical part of an algebraic term. For example,
Working mathematically in 3x2 + 7x − 1 the coefficient of x is 7.
10.01 Solving simultaneous U F R C elimination method A method of solving simultaneous
equations graphically* equations that involves combining them to eliminate one of
the variables
10.02 The elimination method* U F
graphical method A method of solving simultaneous equations
10.03 The substitution method* U F that involves graphing them on a number plane and identifying
the point(s) of intersection
10.04 Problems involving U F PS R C
simultaneous equations* simultaneous equations 2 (or more) equations that must be
solved together so that the solution satisfies both equations.
For example, y = 2x + 1 and y = 3x are simultaneous equations
that have a solution of x = 1, y = 3.
substitution method A method of solving simultaneous
equations that involves substituting one equation into
another equation

U = Understanding | F = Fluency | PS = Problem solving | R = Reasoning | C = Communication

9780170453509 Chapter 10 | Simultaneous equations 397

 In this chapter you will:
• Solve linear simultaneous equations graphically, including using graphing technology
• Solve linear simultaneous equations algebraically using the elimination and substitution
methods
• Solve problems using linear simultaneous equations

SkillCheck ANSWERS ON P. 628

1 Given the equation y = 2x + 5, find y when:
1
x = 0 b x = 4 x= d x = −3
2
a c

2 Given the equation y = 4 − 3x, find y when:

1
x = 5 b x = 1 x = −1 d x = −
2
a c

3 Test whether the point (−2, 3) lies on the line represented by each equation.
a y = 1 − x b x + y = 3 c 2x − y = 7
1
x + y = 2 y = 3x + 7 f 2y = 3x
2
d e

4 a  Show that the point (2, 5) lies on both the lines y = 2x + 1 and x + y = 7.
b At what point do these 2 lines intersect?

5 Use the y-intercept and the gradient to graph each equation.

5 4
y = −2x + 3 y = x − 2 y = − x +5
2 3
a b c

Investigation
When 2 lines meet
1 Copy and complete the table of values for each equation.
a x + 2y = 5 b y = x + 4
x −2 −1 0 1 2 x −2 −1 0 1 2

y
y

2 Which coordinates satisfy both equations?

3 On the same set of axes, draw the graphs of x + 2y = 5 and y = x + 4.
4 a Do the lines you drew in question 3 intersect?
b What are the coordinates of the point of intersection?
5 Repeat questions 1 to 4 for these pairs of equations.
a x – y = 5 b 3x + y = 8
2x + y = 1 x + 2y = 1
6 Copy and complete.
a The coordinates of the p_____ of intersection between 2 lines satisfy both equations.
b The values of x and y that satisfy both equations are the coordinates of the __________.

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 Solving simultaneous equations
10.01
graphically
A linear equation such as 3x + 5 = 11 is in one variable (x) and has only one solution (x = 2).
However, a linear equation in 2 variables, such as x + 3y = 5, has more than one solution
(for example, x = 2, y = 1, or x = 5, y = 0, and so on). The equation actually has an infinite
WS

number of solutions.
Homework
Testing
­simultaneous

We will now look at solving 2 equations simultaneously to see if there is a solution that satisfies
equations

10.01

both equations. These are called simultaneous equations, which can be solved graphically
or algebraically. Technology
Solving
simultaneous
equations

Solving simultaneous equations graphically

• Linear simultaneous equations can be graphed as lines on the same number plane.
• If 2 lines are drawn, the lines will intersect (unless they are parallel).
Simultaneous

• At the point of intersection, the x-coordinate and y-coordinate represent the solution to the
equations
solver

simultaneous equations.

Example 1
On the same set of axes, graph 3x + y = 4 and x + y = −2, then solve the equations
simultaneously.

Solution
Step 1
Construct tables of values (or convert each equation to y = mx + c form to find the gradient
and y-intercept).
3x + y = 4 x + y = −2
x 0 1 2 x 0 1 2
y 4 1 −2 y −2 −3 −4

Step 2
Graph the equations. y
The lines intersect at (3, −5). 3x + y = 4 6
∴ The solution of the simultaneous equations 4
3x + y = 4 and x + y = −2 is x = 3, y = −5. x + y = –2
2
Check that x = 3, y = −5 satisfies
both equations. –6 –4 –2 0 2 4 6x
–2
–4

–6

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 EXERCISE 10.01 ANSWERS ON P. 628
Solving simultaneous equations graphically U F R C
1 Use the graph to write the solution to each pair y
of simultaneous equations. C 2x + y = 5 6 y = 2x –3
x − y = 4 and 2x + y = 5
4
a
b 2x + y = 5 and y = 2x – 3
c x − y = 4 and y = 2x − 3 2 x–y=4

–6 –4 –2 0 2 4 6x
–2

–4

–6

2 Graph each pair of equations on the same set of axes. Then find the solution to the pair
of simultaneous equations.
EXAMPLE

y = 2x and y = 3 − x b y = 2x + 1 and y = x – 4
1
a
c x + y = 3 and 4x + y = 6 d y = −x + 2 and y = 3x + 4
e y = 2x − 5 and y = 5x + 1 f 2x + y = 6 and y = 1 − x
g y = 7 − x and y = 3x + 5 h x + 2y = 7 and 2x − y = 4
i 3x − 2y = 12 and x + 2y = 8 j y = x + 3 and 2x − y = 2
k 5x − y = 5 and x + y = 4 l 5x + 3y = 20 and y = x – 4

3 a On the same set of axes, draw the graphs of y = 1 − 2x and 2x + y = 4.

b Why isn’t there a solution to the simultaneous equations y = 1 − 2x and
2x + y = 4? R C

Technology
Solving simultaneous equations graphically
You can use graphing technology to solve simultaneous equations graphically.
Write each answer as coordinates in the form (x, y) representing the point of intersection.
1 Use the graphing software to graph these linear equations.
y = –x + 1
y = x + 3
2 Find the coordinates of the point of intersection of the lines.

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 3 Repeat steps 1 and 2 to solve each pair of simultaneous equations.
a y=2 b y = –2x + 4 c y = 5x + 2 d y=–1
x=3 y=x–5 y = 3x – 1 x=0
e y = –x – 8 f y = 2x + 6 g 2x – y = 5 h 3x + y = 4
y = –3x + 4 y=x+9 x+y=4 x + 2y = 3

4 a Use the graphing software to graph each pair of simultaneous equations.

y=x+4 ii y = –2x + 2
10.01
i
y = x + 6 y = –2x
b What do you notice about these 2 pairs of equations? Do they intersect?
5 Graph each set of equations and find their point of intersection.
a y = 3x, y = −x + 2 and x = 0.5 b y = −4x + 1, y = −5x and y = x + 6

The elimination method 10.02

Using graphs to solve simultaneous equations can be time-consuming and inaccurate.
Algebraic methods provide a better way of solving things. There are 2 algebraic methods: the
elimination method and the substitution method.
In the elimination method, equations are added or subtracted to eliminate one of the variables.

Example 2
Solve the simultaneous equations x + 3y = 7 and 4x − 3y = 13 using the elimination method. Simultaneous
equations

Solution
Label each equation.
x + 3y = 7 [1]
4x – 3y = 13 [2]
Since there is the same number of ys in each equation, and since they are opposite in sign
(3y and −3y), add equations [1] and [2] to eliminate the variable y.
5x = 20 [1] + [2]
5 x 20
5 5
=

∴x = 4
Substitute x = 4 into equation [1] to find the y-value.

x + 3y = 7
4 + 3y = 7
∴ The solution is x = 4, y = 1.
4 + 3y – 4 = 7 – 4
3y = 3 Check that this solution works for
∴y = 1 both equations [1] and [2].

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 Example 3
Solve the simultaneous equations 2k + 3m = 9 and 2k − 5m = 1.

Solution
Label each equation.
2k + 3m = 9 [1]
2k – 5m = 1 [2]
Since there is the same number of ks in each equation, and because they have the same sign
(2k and 2k), subtract equation [2] from [1] to eliminate k.
8m = 8 [1] – [2]
8m 8
8 8
=

∴m=1
Substitute m = 1 into equation [1] to find the value of k.
2k + 3m = 9 2k = 6
2k + 3 × 1 = 9 2k 6
2 2
2k + 3 = 9
=

∴k=3
2k + 3 – 3 = 9 – 3
∴ The solution is m = 1, k = 3.

Check that this solution works for

both equations [1] and [2].

Example 4
Solve 3a + 4c = 8 and 2a − 3c = 11.

Solution
Label each equation.
3a + 4c = 8 [1]
2a – 3c = 11 [2]
In this case, neither adding nor subtracting equations [1] and [2] will eliminate a variable.
Let’s choose to eliminate c. We need to make the coefficient of c the same in both
equations (12c).

The coefficient of c is the number in front of the c in the equation

9a + 12c = 24 [3] Multiplying both sides of [1] by 3

8a – 12c = 44 [4] Multiplying both sides of [2] by 4
17a = 68 [3] + [4]
∴a=4

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 Substitute a = 4 in [1] to find c.
3a + 4c = 8
3 × 4 + 4c = 8
12 + 4c = 8
4c = –4
c = –1
∴ The solution is a = 4, c = −1. 10.02

EXERCISE 10.02 ANSWERS ON P. 629

The elimination method U F
1 For each pair of simultaneous equations, eliminate one variable by adding the equations,
then solve the equations.
EXAMPLE
2

a 4k + d = 5 b 2x – w = 6 c 3g + 5h = 4
2k – d = 7 x+w=9 2g – 5h = 6
d  7p – 4n = –20 e 4q + 3r = 8 f –5k – 3x = 8
3p + 4n = 10 –q – 3r = 7 5k + 4x = –3

2 For each pair of simultaneous equations, eliminate one variable by subtracting the
equations, then solve the equations.
5k + d = 16 4a + 3c = 7 4h + 3y = 24
EXAMPLE
3
a b c
3k + d = 4 a + 3c = 4 4h – y = 8
d 3x + 5e = 16 e 4q – 2w = –1 f 6p + 5c = 39
3x – 2e = –5 7q – 2w = 8 4p + 5c = 31

3 Solve each pair of simultaneous equations.

3w + q = 6 2x + m = 5 2d + 3h = 25
EXAMPLE
4
a b c
2w – 3q = 15 3x + 2m = 3 d + 4h = –5
d –3g + 2n = 9 e 5m – h = 10 f 2y + 3e = –6
g + 5n = 14 m – 3h = 2 5y – 2e = 23
g 3q – 2w = 11 h 5a + 3d = 4 i –2p + 3k = 19
2q – 5w = 22 4a + 2d = 3 7p + 4k = 6
j 5a + 2f = –14 k 5r – 3c = 2 l 5y – 4x = 1
2a – 3f = 2 –3r + 2c = –14 2y – 3x = 6
m 3x + 4y = 20 n 7g + 3h = 39 o 5w – 3k = 25
2x – 5y = 21 3g + 5h = 26 3w – 7k = 28
p 3x + 5y = 13 q m + 8p = 25 r 9k – 4d = 12
4x – 3y = 18 4m + 5p = –11 5k – 7d = 8

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10.03 The substitution method

With the substitution method, substitute the x or y from one equation into the other equation.

Example 5
Simultaneous Solve the simultaneous equations y = x + 4 and y = 3x − 2.
equations
order activity

Solution
Label each equation.
y = x + 4 [1]
Simultaneous

y = 3x – 2 [2]
equations by
substitution

Use equation [1] to substitute for y in equation [2] and solve for x.

x + 4 = 3x – 2
x + 4 – 3x = 3x – 2 – 3x
–2x + 4 = –2
–2x + 4 – 4 = –2 – 4 Now substitute x = 3 into equation [1] to find y.
–2x = –6 y=x+4
−2 x −6 y=3+4=7
−2 −2
∴ The solution is x = 3 and y = 7.
=

x=3

Example 6
Simultaneous Solve the simultaneous equations 5x + 3y = 9 and y = 7 − 3x.
equations

Solution
Label each equation.
5x + 3y = 9 [1]
y = 7 – 3x [2]
Since y is the subject in [2], substitute equation [2] into equation [1] to give an equation
using x only.
5x + 3(7 – 3x) = 9
5x + 21 – 9x = 9
–4x = –12 Now substitute x = 3 into equation [2] to find y.
−4 x −12 y = 7 – 3x
−4 −4
y=7–3×3
=

x=3
= –2
∴ The solution is x = 3 and y = −2.

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 EXERCISE 10.03 ANSWERS ON P. 629
The substitution method U F
1 Use the substitution method to solve each pair of simultaneous equations.
y = 2x + 1 and y = x + 3 b y = 5 − 2x and y = 3x + 2
EXAMPLE
5
a
c x = 3 + 2y and x = 9 − y d y = −x and y = 3x – 8

2 Solve each pair of simultaneous equations.

y = 2x + 3 and 3x − y = 6 b y = x − 2 and 3x + y = 18
EXAMPLE 10.03
6
a
c y = 1 − 4x and 4x + 2y = 3 d x = 2y − 5 and 4x − y = −13
e x = 3y − 4 and 5x − 4y = 2 f x = 5 − 3y and 4y − x = 23
x +2
g 2x − 5y = −1 and y = 10 − x h 6y − 2x = 9 and y =
2
9− y
and 3x + 2y = 10 y = 3x + 5 and 4x − 3y = 1
3
i x= j
3a + 2
k 3 y + 5d − 20 = 0 and d = 7 − 2 y l and 2 w + 7 a = 16
5
w=

Investigation
Elimination or substitution method?
With 2 algebraic methods of solving simultaneous equations, often it is more efficient to use
one method than the other.
1 Consider these pairs of simultaneous equations.
a   x – 2y = 9   [1] b  4a + 3c = 18   [1] c  3a – 2y = – 5  [1]
3x + 2y = 11  [2] 4a – 3c = – 6  [2] 2a + 5y = 3     [2]
  i Why might the elimination method be the more appropriate method to use
with these equations?

  ii  What feature in the pairs of equations do you look for to decide if the
elimination method is the best one to use?

iii Solve the 3 pairs of simultaneous equations using the elimination method.

2 Consider these pairs of simultaneous equations.
a    m = 2p     [1] b     m = 4 – p  [1] c     p = 2m – 5  [1]
m + p = 15  [2] 4m – 3p = –6   [2] 5m – 3p = 11      [2]
  i Why might the substitution method be the more appropriate method to use
with these equations?

  ii  What feature in the pairs of equations do you look for to decide if the
substitution method is the best one to use?

iii Solve the 3 pairs of simultaneous equations using the substitution method.

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 3 Using whichever method is more efficient, solve each pair of simultaneous equations.
a 7c + 2y = 13    [1] b    m = 5 – k [1] c  3x + 8y = 10       [1]
3c + 2y = 1     [2] 2m – k = 4    [2] x = 3 – 2y [2]
d  4h – 3w = 8   [1] e     3d = q        [1] f   3h + 5r = 7          [1]
4h + 7w = 12  [2] q + 4d = 14     [2] 2h – 3r = –8      [2]

Did you know?

Break-even point
Manufacturers use simultaneous equations to Revenue
make decisions about how many products they Total revenue Break-even
should make and sell. Linear equations can be and total cost point
formed to determine total revenue (the amount Cost
made from selling products) and total costs
(the cost of making the products).
Total revenue = cost per item × number of Quantity sold
items made, while total costs includes rent and
production costs.
The equations can be graphed as shown. The point where the 2 lines intersect is called the
break-even point and occurs when total revenue is equal to total cost.
A publisher receives $35 per book sold. There are fixed costs of $110 000 and production costs
per book are $8.50.
a Determine the equations for total revenue and total costs.
b Graph the equations to find the break-even point.
c How many books must be sold before the publisher makes a profit?

iStock.com/TiktaAlik

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 Problems involving simultaneous
10.04
equations
Sometimes, worded problems can be solved using simultaneous equations. In these situations,
follow these steps: WS

• Read the problem carefully

• Identify the variables to be used
Homework
Simultaneous
equations
problems
10.04
• Use the variables to write simultaneous equations from the information given in the
problem
• Solve the equations
Presentation
Simultaneous

• Solve the problem by answering in words

equations

Example 7
At an art show there were 520 guests. If there were 46 more women than men, how many
women attended the show?

Solution
Let the number of women attending be w.
Let the number of men attending be m.
w + m = 520 [1] 520 people altogether.
w = m + 46 [2] 46 more women than men.
Use equation [2] to substitute for w in equation [1].
m + 46 + m = 520
2m + 46 = 520
2m + 46 – 46 = 520 – 46
2m = 474
m = 237
Substitute m = 237 into equation [2] to find w.
w = 237 + 46 = 283
∴ There were 283 women who attended the art show.
Shutterstock.com/Adriano Castelli

9780170453509 Chapter 10 | Simultaneous equations 407

 Example 8
Masi and Amir spent $1582 on shrubs and trees to plant on their large block of land.
Altogether they bought 73 plants. The shrubs cost $19 each while the trees cost $32 each.
Simultaneous How many of each plant did they buy?
equations
problems

Solution
Let x be the number of shrubs.
Let y be the number of trees.
∴ x + y = 73 [1]
and 19x + 32y = 1582 [2]
Neither adding nor subtracting equations [1] and [2] will eliminate a variable. Let’s choose to
eliminate x.
We will need to make the coefficient of x the same in both equations (19x).
19x + 32y = 1582 [2]
19x + 19y = 1387 [3] Multiplying both sides of equation [1] by 19.
13y = 195 [2] – [3]
y = 15
Substitute y = 15 in [1] to find the value of x.
x + y = 73
x + 15 = 73
x = 58
So Masi and Amir bought 58 shrubs and 15 trees.

EXERCISE 10.04 ANSWERS ON P. 629

Problems involving simultaneous equations U F PS R C
1 At a school concert there were 640 guests. There were 70 more women than men.
How many of the audience were men? R C
EXAMPLE
7

2 At a circus, there were twice as many children as there were adults in attendance.
Altogether, 1020 attended the circus. How many were children? R C

3 Tickets to a concert cost $15 for children and $28 for adults. Altogether, 650 people
attended the concert and ticket sales totalled $13 052. Let a stand for the number of
EXAMPLE

adults and c stand for the number of children in the audience. R C

8

Explain why the equations a + c = 650 and 28a + 15c = 13 052 correctly match the
information.
a

b Solve the equations simultaneously to find the number of children that attended
the concert.

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408 New Century Maths 10 Advanced 9780170453509

 4 Ashleigh bought a total of 130 meat pies and sausage rolls for the canteen of the local
football club. Each meat pie cost her $3 and the sausage rolls were $2 each. Altogether,
Ashleigh spent $335. How many sausage rolls did she buy? PS R C

5 Tayyab is 3 times as old as Sejuti. The sum of their ages is 48. How old are Tayyab and
Sejuti? PS R C

6 The sum of the ages of Hayley and her mother is 70. The difference between their ages is
38 years. How old is Hayley? PS R C 10.04

7 A business bought a total of 60 ink cartridges. Some of them were black, costing
$35 each. The others were colour, each costing $49. How many of each type did the
business buy if the total cost of the ink cartridges was $2422? PS R C

8 The cost of going to the movies for 3 adults and 5 children is $142, while the cost for
5 adults and 8 children is $231.50. Find the cost for an adult and the cost for a child.
PS R C

9 Pete’s Pizzas sells Supreme pizzas for $15.90 each and vegetarian pizzas for $13.50 each.
If 45 pizzas were sold at lunchtime, totalling $684.30, how many of each pizza were
sold? PS R C

10 Ronel bought 4 punnets of strawberries and 7 punnets of blueberries for $40.30 and
Nikita bought 5 punnets of strawberries and 2 punnets of blueberries for $26.75.
What was the cost of each punnet of strawberries and blueberries? PS R C

11 A money box contains only 20-cent coins and 50-cent coins. Altogether, there are
853 coins in the money box and they amount to $281. Let x be the number of 20c coins
and y be the number of $2 coins. R C
Explain why the equations x + y = 853 and 20x + 50y = 28 100 correctly match the
information.
a

b Solve the equations to determine the number of 20-cent and 50-cent coins in the
money box.

12 The initial cost for producing bottles of fresh orange juice is $135 plus $1.20 for each
bottle. The bottles of juice are sold for $3 each. C is the cost in dollars, R is the total sales
in dollars and n is the number of bottles produced and/or sold. PS R C
Explain why the equations C = 135 + 1.2n and R = 3n correctly match the
­information.
a

b Copy and complete the tables of values below for both equations.
C = 135 + 1.2n R = 3n
n 0 50 100 n 0 50 100
C R

Draw the graphs of both equations on the same axes for values of 0 to 100 for n on
the horizontal axis and values of $0 to $300 on the vertical axis.
c

d For what value of n is total sales equal to total cost (the break-even point)?

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 Mental skills 10: Maths without calculators ANSWERS ON P. 629
Percentage increase and decrease

1 Study each example.

a Increase 360 by 25%. b Increase $80 by 5%.

1 1
25% of 360 = × 360 5% of $80 = × $80 or 10% of $80 = $8
4 20
= 360 ÷ 4 = $80 ÷ 20 ∴ 5% of $80 = $8 ÷ 2
= 90 = $4  = $4
360 + 90 = 450 $80 + $4 = $84
2 Now increase:
1
$340 by 20% b 66 by 50% 150 by 33 %
3
a c
1
d $400 by 1% 640 by 5% $72 by 12 %
2
e f
1
g $470 by 10% h 180 by 25% 420 by 33 %
3
i
j $80 by 5% k $280 by 25% l 70 by 20%

3 Study each example.

1
Decrease $225 by 33 %. Decrease $70 by 15%
3
b
1
a
1 1 10% of $70 = × $70 = $7
33 % of $225 = × $225 10
3 3 1
∴ 5% of $70 = × $7 = $3.50
= $225 ÷ 3 2
= $75 ∴ 15% of $70 = (10% × $70) + (5% × $70)
$225 − $75 = $150. = $7 + $3.50
= $10.50
$70 – $10.50 = $59.50
4 Now decrease:
1
440 by 25% b $300 by 20% 2400 by 33 %
3
a c
d $500 by 15% $250 by 10% $120 by 50%
1
e f
$72 by 12 % h 80 by 5% $85 by 20%
2
1
g i
$3800 by 1% $440 by 15% $150 by 33 %
3
j k l

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 Power plus ANSWERS ON P. 629
1 With simultaneous equations in 2 variables, we have 2 equations to solve.
+

With simultaneous equations in 3 variables, we have 3 equations to solve.

Step 1: Take 2 of the equations and eliminate one of the variables.
Step 2: Take another 2 of the equations and eliminate the same variable.
Step 3: Solve the 2 new simultaneous equations from Steps 1 and 2.
Step 4: Use substitution to find the values of the other 2 variables.
10.04

Use the above steps to solve the following sets of simultaneous equations.
a 2x + y – 3w = –16 b   3a – 2c + d = 5 c   2m + 3n – p = 9
 
x – y + 4w = 25 5a + 2c + d = 25    3m – 2n + 5p = 27
3x – y + 2w = 19    4a + 3c – d = 10 4m + 3n + 2p = 13
Show that the solutions to the simultaneous equations ax + by = c and dx + ey = f
2 a 
are x = and y = .
ce − bf af − cd

b The above solutions do not work when ae = bd. Explain why.

ae − bd ae − bd

Solve the equations 3x − 2y = 11 and 5x + y =14 by either the substitution or

elimination method. Check that the results in part a give the same answer.
c

d Set up a spreadsheet to solve simultaneous equations of the form ax + by = c and

dx + ey = f using the solutions x = and y = .
ce − bf af − cd

Use your spreadsheet to solve each pair of simultaneous equations.

ae − bd ae − bd

i 3x + y = 4 ii 3x – 5y = 4 iii 15x + 6y = 17

    2x – y = 6 2x – 3y = 8   2x + 3y = 8

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 CHAPTER 10 REVIEW
Language of maths
algebraic axes coefficient elimination method
graphical linear point of intersection satisfy
simultaneous equations solution substitution method variable
CHAPTER 10 REVIEW

1 How do you think simultaneous equations got their name?

2 What are the 2 algebraic methods for solving simultaneous equations?
3 Which algebraic method involves cancelling one of the variables?
4 What word means the answer to an equation or problem?
5 What does ‘linear’ mean?
6 Which method of solving simultaneous equations involves finding the point of intersection
of lines on a number plane?

Topic summary
• In your own words, write down the new things you have learnt about simultaneous
WS

equations.
Homework
Mind map:

• What parts of this topic did you like?

Simultaneous
equations

• What parts of the topic did you find difficult or not understand?
• Copy and complete the following topic overview, and refer to the Language of maths word
list for keywords you might like to include.
Print (or copy) and complete this mind map of the topic, adding detail to its branches and using
pictures, symbols and colour where needed. Ask your teacher to check your work.

SIMULTANEOUS EQUATIONS

solve by

Graphical method
y
Elimination method Substitution method
2m + 3d = 8.......[1] 5k + 3g = 7.......[1]
5m – 3d = 6.......[2] k = 2g – 5.......[2]
x [1] + [2] .......... Sub [2] in [1] ..........

412 New Century Maths 10 Advanced 9780170453509

 TEST YOURSELF 10 ANSWERS ON P. 629

1 Graph each pair of simultaneous equations on the same set of axes. By finding their point of
intersection, write the solution to each pair of equations.
10.01

y = x + 2 b y = 3 – y = 4 – 3x
2
x
a c
y = 6 + 2x y = 2x – 7 y=x
d y = 2x + 3 e x + y = 7 y = 5 – 2x

TEST YOURSELF 10
f
y = 9 – x
y = 2x + 1 y = –1 – x

2 Use the elimination method to solve each pair of simultaneous equations.

5m + 2c = 6 b 2x + 3y = 5 3a + 4d = 7
10.02
a c
3m + 2c = –4    5x – 3y = 9   3a + d = 4
d 4x – y = 9 e  x – 4y = 3 f 3d – 2w = 11
 
x – y = –9 x + 2y = –9 2d – 5w = 44

3 Use the substitution method to solve each pair of simultaneous equations.

y = 7x – 3 b m = 4 – p h = 3t – 2
10.03
a c
y = x + 9 m = –2 + p
h=t+6
d a = 4 – 2c e x + 2y = 3 f p = 4 – 2q
a = 6c
y = 2 – x
p = 3q + 24

4 Solve each problem using simultaneous equations.

In an audience of 2500, there were 700 more adults than children. Find the number of
10.04

adults and the number of children that were in the audience.

a

b Rosanna bought 30 movie passes as raffle prizes at a school fete for a total cost of
$322.50. Movie passes for children cost $8.25 each and the adult price was $14.50.
How many of each did she buy?
It costs 2 adults and 5 children $191 to go to a football game, while the cost for 3 adults
and 2 children is $160. Find the cost of an adult ticket.
c

d At the cake stall, the student council sell 2 types of cakes: cheesecakes for $4 each and
mudcakes for $3 each. In total, they sold 75 cakes for a total of $253. How many of each
cake did they sell?
In Year 10, there are 213 students. There are 27 more boys than girls. Find the number
of boys and girls in Year 10.
e

Foundation Standard Complex

9780170453509 Chapter 10 | Simultaneous equations 413