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E | hate Spectal meaning g cannot be Used as [deo-tefiers <4 fit) \dentificrs ~ Identifiers ave ames Use dl to vepretent War atkee Function , Classes, OY Othe embties in a Progam i) Operators: Cpevartors ave Symbols Osed=to perform OPevattions | om Uariabtes , expression, Ov values: | fu) Constants := Constants vepretent Fixed ualues ina progam “They Can | be OF dit ferent ~types: : J 1) Delinniters +— Delimmiters One Symbols Used to Seperate token ov | indicate -~the boundaries OF expression orblocks OF code: IM) comments:- Coramnents are Used to add explanatory notes ov dicable portions of code: Iathite space: — thitespace Vefevs tO Space. tabs.and line that ave red For formatting and readlateiity: a Soe eee. pests = the lexical ov Aoken Souths ek, OPerakoue, Comsants ¢, Pune tucrtion vetssping language abe. en a a TNe: wun ana wouceiee Fox forning Walid statements EL A EXPESSIOW INEhE Lan, “ALeNe Ove some common elements of -the syntetc Houck F [to Scripting languages: - abst Slt De 14) Statements: A statement isa Combine DOI DF Code ~t% | Perform On aCe OV A Sequente OF QCkoON HNC Chepte soem Sate Cxpression 1S A Combination OF Walurs, | Navialsles, operators and Function calls that Produces a | sre sn tioq ia S is) Conbol Ftous:— Combot Ftouy Stakenned ts detewmine -tn Ovdey In _tobielh Statements Ave executed based OM Certain Condiks iv) function s: = Functions OlWous “Ke Grouping oF code Into | I | Néusable blocks -that Can be Called aNd execuked Worth | Specefe argument + 0) Baka ti pest=s ¢ GORE WEROUES Weuiein OX Predefined datalye | Such as integeu «Hooking =point numloers, Aaings hoolens » Oxxays, objecks Gnd rove . | NA) Scoping & Blocks: - Syntax sOties! 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Hence 4 2pectty date type 10 Pert Progvamming GUAGE the Petl okerpree wthereiS No Need 4 There ave lasicaty three datatype in pen i Byscnlrs = Pert Scalevs ove a single data item -mn 416 - eA We 4 ariables, Preceded by a(t) sign. A scalar can ge Sienpte = 4 Turn ference address of atiaviable) OVA String. 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(eevaner et peVEBE program ov V do ! Statement Many -times: Statement Syntax: ~_Iathile (cond ition) { | ; Ste | WI COde 0 be € Lecuted =| | 5 <<, :Nictine ‘pack’ % fs Sepa) Pew Set “Unpack "Function a: —T dara bls bio. Rte Ktual vepws entertons Tea these Fuchs ave COMMONLY Lsed UY ~ (8 template sing and al MoE Pierdoeetne Netors 0 binory string Neprerentajon athe packed [ik contists OF ove ov nox BU Epectfiens that define ae an : — 1a) packs = “The Uppack Function takes a template Shing and ae | binary String ANd Unpacks the binor date INtO Alist oF uate | The template String specifies the AOIMALOE -the packed da ae usbich should Match -the format used -to pack the daig. = my (I stu doum) = Unpack (\Ag N", dloinary — data): File handling: = t file handling is the most important part in any programming la quage: A Filehandle 1s an fnteinal perl Structure thot associate with ole name: i = Feri File handling is (mportant asitis helpful in accessing File Such as textiles: log Files ox Comfiguration Files: Wt -Flehandlers Ave capablepF Cveoting sveading Opening and Losing Fie. Yeate File: + Copying a-file pen File. * file test Operators id Single tineatatime ° id Mult line at a—Kene s Drie File lose File handle Opeator handle print ()-Functiooee | Gurq). - TR function elatuates Ex preesion me ASIF EXPR Were QS Ceperate PEW ceript: Fe hy onotasug deep ond Separate ; peshaps User -Supglid, b—e he prere OF PAN Sexipe within Your program: > Py eval EXPNUKOD Akekement (s elaluated Separately each, HMe he Rincon is catted« fi psctiestuecndster eUialuates BLOCK When the Vest OF, Semipe is Govsed) beanie ~{Suntexs= eval Expretion, eval BOCK = This function vetwin Ualue OF (ase evaluat WA _Expretsion o Block i “Tew ave -tww0 data souctue seal in perl Script A) Two-dimensional aviay data § Guctere a) Complen data Structure O, 20 oway canbe defined as an Owoy OF Oways. The 19 ray t$ Ovganired as matices Which can be Yepresented Qi the Collecboo OFrouss and cotums. 7 20OmaY Ore Created -to Implement _avelational databate took { z A like data structure: r Lt provides each OF holding bulk of date AL O0¢e hich i Can be passed to any noo Functions wWheevey required: Syntax: - ine aw (max vows] (Max ~columns]s 2) Complex Nata soucture fe | > Pert (You can Create Compler data Sthuchwes by combina Oways and hashes into _muts~ dimensional Sou cture: | These complex datastuctue aliaw You to vepresent and MAnipulate more soghistcated data hievarchies:Sa owey* ov Ba Gashex; anoys 6b Maier — et ss OF Washes y ete. Way {Sana pace: = ‘ae is a package dehacd in ale hi oF the package and hauiing extension. puso different Macules May Contain oo Uaviable ova function OF came name ANY Variable Which is NOt Contained in any eked belongs tothe main Package. les 1M Pert is a Collection OF «lated subroutines and ro —that perform A See OF paeQnacnming asks - A modules Ave Keusable « Various Pert Mrectales, aie autaila ble e Comprchensive pert Arichieve Networs (epan). Mvddules Cour A Wide vange OF categories Such Ai Network PML 1 Processing »dabehases Inkewkercing eke, oe jottides US some tools to build Object Oriented System cok Orlentecd CONce pts AX based ON Ye ferenles, AonyMoens —_ d hashes+ As the class Name to which it betongs: Ina scalar Variables Maviable can hold disfercat Obiec ONY holds @ Vefe rence “ty the objects tH ty Stored ata in different eaea Ste gi MPY_O package: It Conteris methods that “Sake on Obieck s+ segs We] ethoa is a tucouaine ahs eipectean abieck Yelevence «~ Package name a1 Lhe Bas Sates eke S28 £_Cppplecetine veep : cs 7 SSSracing tO—the Operating Systerm in p ; -———_F 210 Best you con interrate With the Operation Systenn LSing USviour butie=insFunetons ane Modules. This _atiows you tO CXecule Sycte —Sutvonment Variable, hanide File Opewrtion And per foun -—___|_ Other 0s ~yetateet taste First Ovqument: Commands, a ae Below ave some Common ways to (Nlevtace with ihe Operating System in perl — * Bonding system commands:-To execute Syster Commands, You __ Con Use the ‘system function ov backticks (*') to Captuve fee DUEPUESThe cy sters Function is Used For wwuMHing Commands doesnt capul- * Aceecsing enunooment vaviablet’- you can acters enutvooment Maviables using they ENU’ hash: (+ contains the _enutvoament —Noviahles , With ~the Vaviable name asthe Key Goal tks uatue _ OS +he Covres ponding value+ .* File OPevation! ~ Perl prouides avich set OF bulit~ Ad Modules Fortile Operation. 24! te work with Files a Divectory handling:-“To handle dive ‘Opendin! and eadldiy directory : Bil + Owor and ling and Status code: - eShen Yun ROG System Commands ov etecieting: Other ote Nelated asics, Sts essential bo Check for Cvr1os ANd cterturs Codes to handle that May avise- | aa ‘in Functions ‘Open’ close wead “and ‘writ ctovies, You @an ose the ‘-Funetioa-to vead the Contents of a Ony [csues Pe