MJML-021

MA (Journalism & Mass Communication) (MAJMC)

&
Post Graduate Diploma in Journalism & Mass
Communication (PGJMC)

PRACTICAL MANUAL
Practical:
Pra
acttica
al:: A
Audio-Visual
udio-V MJML-0
Visuall ((MJML-021
21)

School of Journalism and New Media Studies

Indira Gandhi National Open University
Maidan Garhi, New Delhi - 110068
 EXPERTS COMMITTEE
Prof. B.P.Sanjay, Former Prof. J.S. Yadav, Former Prof. B.K. Kuthiala,
VC, CUTN; PVC, Univ. of Director, IIMC, New Delhi Former VC, MLCRPV,
Hyderabad, Hyderabad Bhopal
Prof. G. Ravindran, Prof. Kiran Thakur, Prof. Usha Raman,
Head, Department of Former Head, Deptt. S. N. School of Arts
Communication, University of Communication & & Communication,
of Madras, Chennai Journalism, Savitribai Phule University of
Pune University, Pune Hyderabad, Hyderabad
Mr. Shastri Ramachandran, Prof. Iftekhar Ahmed, Prof. Jaishri Jethwaney,
Editor and Columnist, New Director, MCRC, Jamia Former Head, ADPR,
Delhi Milia Islamia, New Delhi IIMC, New Delhi
Prof. Usha Rani, Former Ms Sevanti Ninan, Senior Ms Pamela Philipose,
Head, Deptt. of Comm.& Journalist & Founder Editor, Senior Journalist and
Journalism, Mysore The Hoot, New Delhi Author, New Delhi
University
Ms Mahalakshmi Jayaram. Prof. Biswajit Das, Director, Prof. Gita Bamezai,
Senior Dy. Editor, The CCMG, Jamia Milia Islamia, Head Dept. of Comm.
Hindu, Chennai New Delhi Research, IIMC New
Delhi
Mudgal,
Dr. Vipul Mudgal Senior
l, Seni
ior Prof.
Prof Madhu
of. Ma
Madhhu Parhar
P rhhar
Pa Mr. K. Ravikanth
Rav
avik
ikan
anth
Journalist
Journalisst and Author,
d Aut New
uthor, N eww Director,
D irector, STRIDE,
ctor STR
RIDE E, IGNOU
IG
GNO U Director,
NOU ctor, EMPC,
Direct EMPC C,
Delhi IGNOU
IGN
NOU U
Prof.
P
Pr o . Su
of Subhash
ubhash h Dhuliya,
Dhhuliya,, Prof.
Proof. Sham
Shambhu
mbhuu Nath
Naath Singh,
Singh,, Dr.
Dr. O. P.
P. Dewal,
Dewaal,
Former
Formr er D
rm Director,
irecttor, SOJNMS,
SOJNNMS,, Former
Formmer Director,
Directtor, SOJNMS,
SOJNNMS,, Associate
Asso
soociatte Professor,
Prof
offessoor,
IIGNOU
IG NOU
NO U IGNOU
IG SOJNMS,
SOJNNMS, IGNOU
IGNO OU
Dr.
D Kiron
r. Ki
iro Bansal,
ron Bannsal,, Associate Dr.
D . K.S.
Dr K S. Arul
K. Arul Selvan, Dr. Ramesh Yadav,
Professor,
Professo
Pr sor, SOJNMS,
SOJ
OJNM MS, Associate
Associate Professor,
Prrofessor, Assistant Professor,
IGNOU
IGGNOU U SOJNMS,
SO
OJNJNMSMS, IGNOU SOJNMS, IGNOU
Dr.
Dr Shikha
r. Sh
hikkha Rai,
Raai, Assistant
A sistantt
As Dr.
D . Amit
Dr Am mit Kumar,
Kum mar, Assistant
Assi
As sist
si sttan
antt Ms.
Ms Padminii
Padm
Pa dmin
dm ii Jain,
inii
in Jain,
Professor,
Profes
Pr ssor, SOJNMS,
SO
OJNM MS, Professor,
Prof
Pr ofes
of e so r, SOJNMS,
sor, SOJ
O NM MS, Assistant
antt Professor,
Assisstan
stan Prof
Pr ofeessor,,
of
IIGNOU
GNOU
NOOU IGNOU
IG
GNO OU SOJNMS,
SOJN
SO JNMS
JN M , IGNOU
MS IGNONOU
NO U

PROGRAMME
PR
ROGRA AMME E COORDINATORS:
COORRDID NA
N TO
TORS
RS: Dr.
RS Dr KIRON
KIIRO
RONN BANSAL
BANS
BA NSAL
NS A MA
MA (JMC)
(JJMC
MC)) &
Dr.
Dr Shikha
kha Rai (PGJMC)
Shik (PG
P JMC))
COURSE
OURSE COORDINATOR:
CO COO
ORD
R INATOR:: Dr.
ATOR
ATOR D . O.P.
Dr O P. Dewal
O. Dew
wal
MANUAL PREPARATION : Dr. O.P. Dewal, Associate Professor,
SOJNMS,
SOJNMS IGNOU
PRINT PRODUCTION
Mr. Tilak Raj Ms. Sumathy Nair
$VVLVWDQW5HJLVWUDU3XE 6HFWLRQ2൶FHU3XE
MPDD, IGNOU, New Delhi MPDD, IGNOU, New Delhi
September, 2020
© Indira Gandhi National Open University, 2020
ISBN : 978-93-90496-02-0
All right reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced in any form by mimeograph or
any other means, without permission in writing from the Indira Gandhi National Open Uni-
versity.
Further information about the Indira Gandhi National Open University course may be
REWDLQHGIURPWKH8QLYHUVLW\
VRI¿FHDW0DLGDQ*DUKL1HZ'HOKL
Printed and Published on behalf of the Indira Gandhi National Open University, New
Delhi by Registrar, MPDD, IGNOU, New Delhi.
Printed at: Educational Stores:-S-5, B.S.Road Industrial Area, Site-1, Ghaziabad
(U.P.)-201009.
2
PRACTICAL MANUAL: AUDIO-VISUAL

1.0 The University and School

1.1 The University
1.2 The School
2.0 Programme Structure and Credit Points
2.1 Theory Courses
2.2 Practical Courses
2.3 Project Courses
3.0 The Context
4.0 Learning Outcomes
5.0 Content of the Practical Course
6.0 De
Deli
livery ooff th
li
Delivery he Pr
the P accti
tica
c l Compo
Practical onentt
Component
6.
.1
6.1 Gya Darshan
Gyan Darshhan
n
6.22 G an Vani
Gy
Gyan Van
a i
6.33 Gyaandhhar
Gy aa
Gyandhara
6.4 Sway
Sw ayam
am Prabha
Swayam Pra
raabhaa
6.
6.5 eG
Gyankoshh
eGyankosh
66.6
6. 6 e-Co
Connten
Co ent Mobile
en
IGNOU e-Content Mobbile App
Mo App
66.
6.77 F ce
Fa cebo
book
Facebookokk
6.88 YouT
Yo uTub
ubee
YouTube
66.
6.99 What
WhatsA
sApp
pp
WhatsApp
6.10 SWAYAM
6.11 e-mail
6.12 OER
6.13 Other Online Platforms
6.14 Study Centre
7.0 Duration of Practical Course
8.0 Resource Persons
8.1 Study Centre Coordinator
8.2 Academic Counsellors
8.3 Resource Persons from Headquarters
3
 9.0 Production Portfolio
10.0 Evaluation of Practical Course
10.1 Term End Practical Examination
10.2 Overall Marks and Passing Criteria
11.0 References
Annexures:
Annexure 1 Award List for Practical Examination
Annexure 2 Title Page/ Slide of Production Portfolio

4
1.0 THE UNIVERSITY AND SCHOOL
1.1 The University
Indira Gandhi National Open University (IGNOU) was established in
September 1985 by an act of Parliament with a view to democratise education
so that it covers large segments of population, vocations and professions.
7KHSULPDU\HPSKDVLVLVRQLQQRYDWLRQÀH[LELOLW\DQGFRVWH൵HFWLYHQHVV
7KXVLWLVD8QLYHUVLW\ZLWKDGL൵HUHQFHDQGFDQEHFDOOHGLQWUXHVHQVHµ7KH
People’s University.
The major objectives of the University are:
Ɣ To promote the educational well-being of the community;
Ɣ To democratise higher education by providing easy access to all those
ZKRGHVLUHWRLPSURYHWKHLUTXDOL¿FDWLRQVVNLOOVDQGFRPSHWHQFHE\
taking education to the doorsteps of ppeople
eople living even in remote
areas;
Ɣ To disseminate
dis
isse m naate kknowledge
semi
mi n wledge throu
no through
ugh iinnovative
nnov ve uuse
o ativ multiple
se of mul
ulti
lti
tipl media
ple me
edi
diaa
for teaching-
fo teachi ing- llearning; aand
earningg; an d
Ɣ To
T pprovide
rovide
ro high
d hi quality
igh qual
allit education
ityy ed
duc
u atio
on att alll levels.
,*128
,*121 8
12 8 R൵ R൵HUV YDULRXV
൵HUV YD
YDULULRX DFDGHPLF
R V DFDGHP
RX PLF SSURJUDPPHV
URJUDP
DPPHP V WWKDW
KDW OHDG WR
R FFHUWL¿FDWHV
G WR HUWL¿
¿FDW
DWHV
diplomas
plomass andd degrees.
dip degreees. Itt develops
e elopps and
dev annd produces
prodduc e courses for
u es for delivery
del
e iv
very ththrough
open
pen learning
op learn
rn
nin
i g andd diddistance
s ancce edu
st education
ducatitioon mmodes.
oddes. IGNOU U is aalso
lsoo actively
ls
involved
inv lved iin
nvo research,
n re
research training
h, trraining extension
xteensioon aactivities.
ng andd ex s. IItt pr
ctivitiees. provides
provid
ides
id es eexpertise
xperrti
tise
se
to oother Distance
therr Openn and Dista ance LLearning
earrnin Institutions.
ng Insti itutio
i ns.
io
The
T e salient
Th s liien
sa ent features
feeat
a ur
urees distance
es of di ance eeducation
distan
an tion ssystem
ducati ystem are:
Ɣ study according
studdy ac
accord
rdin
i g to yourr ow
in pace
ace and cconvenience;
own pa onveniien
ncee;
Ɣ study
s ud
st at yyour
udyy at ourr ow
ou chosen pplace;
ownn ch lace;
la
Ɣ ÀH[LELOLW\LQFKRRVLQJFRXUVHVDQGFRPELQDWLRQRIFRXUVHVIRUDZLGH
ÀH[L
ÀH [LEL
ELOLW\
\LQFKRRRVL
V QJ
QJFRXUVHVDQGFRPELQDWLRQRIFRXUVHVIRUDZLGH
range off di
disciplines/subjects;
i li / bj t and d
Ɣ use of modern and appropriate educational and communication
technology.
7KH8QLYHUVLW\VWULYHVWRIXO¿OWKHDERYHPDQGDWHE\DGLYHUVLW\RIPHDQV
of distance and continuing education. It functions in cooperation with the
existing universities and institutions of higher learning. It makes full use of
WKHODWHVWVFLHQWL¿FNQRZOHGJHDQGQHZHGXFDWLRQDOWHFKQRORJ\WRR൵HUKLJK
quality education which meets the contemporary needs.
1.2 The School
The School of Journalism & New Media Studies (SOJNMS) was established
LQ  LQ WKH 8QLYHUVLW\ ZLWK D PDQGDWH WR R൵HU TXDOLW\ DFDGHPLF
programmes, conduct research and training and organize seminars and
workshops in varied aspects of media and communication. The School
5
 strives to expand the knowledge and take forward the education and training
WRGLYHUVHVHFWLRQRIOHDUQHUVORFDWHGLQGL൵HUHQWSDUWVRIWKHFRXQWU\
Vision
The School of Journalism & New Media Studies (SOJNMS) aspires to
prepare a new generation of media and communication professionals,
teachers and researchers with a holistic understanding of media as a tool of
change for national development and global understanding.
Mission
7KH 0LVVLRQ RI WKH 62-106 LV WR R൵HU LQQRYDWLYH DFDGHPLF
programmes in Journalism & Mass Communication to set benchmarks in
teaching-learning at the national level. It aims to develop quality learning
materials and prepare human resource equipped with knowledge, skills and
critical thinking. It strives to promote excellence in research to contribute to
the scholarshipp in the discipline.
p
,QWXQHZLWKWKH HPLVVVLRQQDQGYLVLRQRIWKH8QLYHUVLW\WKH62-106R൵HUV
,QWXQHZLWKWKHPLVVLRQDQGYLVLRQRIWKH8QLYHUVLW\WKH62-106R൵HUV
KLJKTXDOLW\LQQ QRYDWWLYLYH
HDQGQHQHHGHGE EDV
DVHG
H SUR URJU
J DP
JU DPPH
PHVDWGL൵
KLJKTXDOLW\LQQRYDWLYHDQGQHHGEDVHGSURJUDPPHVDWGL൵HUHQWOHYHOVDW ൵HU
HUHQ
HQWOHYHOV
OV DW
W
D൵RUGDE EOHFR
RVW ,WUHHDFK
KHV RXW WR R OHHDUQHUVSODDFHHG
G LQ UHPH RWWHDQGUXUD
D൵RUGDEOHFRVW,WUHDFKHVRXWWROHDUQHUVSODFHGLQUHPRWHDQGUXUDODUHDV UDODUUHDVV
UD
aand
an d thosse wh
those ho be
who bbelong
lonng too th
the di
disadv vanttageed an
disadvantaged nd un
and nreaache
unreachedh d se
he segme ents off thee
segments
sooci
c ety to ac
society ccesss lea
access arneer-ccenttri
learner-centricr c qu
qualit
qualityty eeducation,
duccationn, sskill
kiill up
p-grad
datioon andd
up-gradation
ttraining.
traini
n ngg.
ni
Thhe na
The nnation-wide
tion-w
widde network of o rregional
e io
eg onal ccentres
entres and study centres is i used for
im
mpl
p emmentin
implementing ng the
h programme
programmes.mes. The S
me OJNMS strives to address the emergent
SOJNMS
neeeds of
needs o thee dissciplinee of JJournalism
discipline ourn
ou nal
a isism
m & Ma
Mass
ss C ommu
om muni
mu nica
nic tiion inn Indi
Communication ia an
India andd
aim
ms tto
aims o deveelopp human re
develop rresource
soour
urce
ce tthrough
hrou
hrough tthe
he m ediu
edium
mediumm of eeducation.
ducaati
du tion
on.
on
2.0 PR
2. PROG
PROGRAMME
GRAMM
M E STR
STRUCTURE
TRUC
UC
CTU
URE AND
AND
D CREDIT
CRE
EDI
D T POINTS
POIN
POINTS
INT
&UHGLW
&UUHG
HGLW LV
LV
V D QRWL
QRWLRQDO
W RQDO UUHSUHVHQWDWLRQ
WL HSUHHVH
HS VHQW
QWDW
QW D LR
DW RQ
Q RI
RI DD ¿[H
¿[HG
[HG
[H G DP
DPRX
DPRXQW
RXQW
RX QW RRI
I VW
I VWXG
VWXGHQW¶V
XGHQ
XG HQW¶
HQ W¶V
V VWXG\
V VWXG
VW XG\
XG \
\
hours de
ho ddevoted
voted tto various
o varioous aaspects
sp cts ooff sstudy,
spec tud
udy,
ud y, ssuch
uchh as sstudying
tu
udy
dyiing
ing th material,
thee ma
mater riaal,
writing
writ
itin
tin assignments,
ing assignme m nts, aattending
tten
tt endi
endinng ccounselling
di ounnselliing an
ou and
nd tteleconferencing
elec
elecoonfe
ec ferrenc
renc ingg ssessions,
ncin
in esssio
ons,
information
gathering inform
ga rmation fr
rm ffrom
om audio aand video
ndd vid ideo component
id components, ts, ggoing
oing
i th through
hrough
practical work etc. One credit is equivalent to 30 study hours. PGJMC
andd MAJMC programmes constitute tit t 32 credits dit and d 64 credits
dit respectively
ti l
which have been distributed in theory and practical courses. MAJMC also
has one project.
2.1 Theory Courses
The MAJMC* has 12 theory courses of 48 credits spread over both the
\HDUV<RXFDQ¿QGWKHGHWDLOVRIWKHRU\FRXUVHVDVIROORZV
*First year of MAJMC is also considered as an independent programme
called PGJMC.
(I Year)
Course MJM - 020 (Introduction to Journalism &
Mass Communication) : 4 Credits
Course MJM - 021 (Reporting Techniques) : 4 Credits
6
Course MJM - 022 (Writing & Editing For Print Media) : 4 Credits
Course MJM - 023 (Broadcast & Online Journalism) : 4 Credits
Course MJM - 024 (Media & Society) : 4 Credits
Course MJM - 025 (Media Ethics & Laws) : 4 Credits
(II Year)
Course MJM - 026 (Print Media) : 4 Credits
Course MJM - 027 (Electronic Media) : 4 Credits
Course MJM - 028 (Digital Media) : 4 Credits
Course MJM - 029 (Advertising & Public Relations) : 4 Credits
Course MJM - 030 (Media & Communication Theories) : 4 Credits
Course MJM - 031 (Communication Researchh Methods)
Met
etho
hods
d) : 4 Credits
2.2 Practical Courses
Cours
r es
The MA
MAJMC C has
h s three
ha hreee practical
th p accti
pr tica courses
c l courrses ooff 112
2 credits
creeditss spread
sp ad over
veer I andd II
ove
year.
yea
ye The
ar. Th details
he de
eta
tail practical
ils off practic
i al
ic courses
a cou r es aare
urs follows:
re ass fo
ollowss:
I Year
Yeear
Course
Co MJML
ourse MJM ((Practical:
ML - 0200 (P ract
c ical: P
ct Print Online)
rintt & On
nline
n ) : Credits
4C redits
Course
Co MJML
ourse MJML
JM L - 02 (Practical:
021 (P Audiovisual)
Practiccal: Audiiovisua
ual) : Credits
4 Cr
C ed
dit
itss
II Year
Yearr
Course
Co
ourse MJML
see M (Practical:
JML - 022 (P
Pra
ract
ctic Research
iccal: Re
Ressearch Methodology)
ch Met
thodology) : 4 Credits
The
Th students
he st u ents off PGJMC
stud
ud PGJM
PG JMMC needed to
to complete
comp
mple
mp l te onlyy two practical
prracctica courses
cal co
ca cour (MJML
ursees (M
ur MJM
JML
L
00200 & MJML
02 M ML 0021)
MJ pplaced
21)) pl
21 a ed iin
ac yyear.
n the I ye ar.
Project
2.3 Proje
roject
c Courses
Apart from theory and practical courses, MAJMC has also one project
course of 4 credits. This project course (MJMP 020) is placed in II year.

3.0 THE CONTEXT

The Revised Post Graduate Diploma in Journalism & Mass Communication
3*-0& DQG WKH ¿UVW \HDU RI 0DVWHU RI $UWV -RXUQDOLVP  0DVV
Communication) (MAJMC) consist of 6 theory and 2 practical courses.
%RWKWKH3URJUDPPHVDUHRQR൵HUVLQFH-DQXDU\7KHWKHRU\FRXUVHV
provide the necessary theoretical background about Journalism & Mass
Communication whereas the practical courses are aimed at enabling
the students to apply knowledge gained from the theory courses for skill
development and professional competency. There are two practical courses
MJML-020 and MJML-021 pertaining to print and online journalism and
audio-visual news programme production respectively.

7
 This Practical Manual addresses the issues related to implementation of
WKH 0-0/ $XGLRYLVXDO ,W LQFOXGHV GHWDLOV RI GL൵HUHQW SUDFWLFDO
components based on the content presented in theory courses and detailed
guidelines for completing this practical course.
The Objectives of this Practical Manual are to:
Ɣ GLVFXVV WKH GL൵HUHQW SUDFWLFDO FRPSRQHQWV FRYHUHG LQ WKLV SUDFWLFDO
course ;
Ɣ describe the delivery mechanism of this practical course;
Ɣ describe the distribution of credit points in practical activities;
Ɣ explain the role of study centres in practical course ; and
Ɣ describe the evaluation procedure to be adopted in practical
examination.

4.0 LEARNING
NG OUTCOMES
OU
UTC
COMES
After co
completing
omp
mple
l ting
le n thi
this
is co
course,
ourse
see, th
tthee le
lear
learner
a neer wi
will
lll bbee ab
able
ble to:
Ɣ analyse
an the
nalysse th journalistic
he jou material
urnaalisstic m available
aterrial ava
ailabble onn radio
o and television;
n telev
nd visio
ion;;
Ɣ write
write jjournalistic content
ourrnalisstic con ntt ffor
ntent radio
io aand
or radi television;
nd telev
visio
on;
Ɣ handlee bas
ha basic equipment
a ic equi meent rrequired
ipme equi audio-visual
uiiredd for audio-vi production;
isual news production;
d
Ɣ produce
producce ba
pr bbasic programmes
sic news pro
ogr
gram
amm
mes for radio and television; and
Ɣ appreciate
ap
apprec ciate concept
onceept ooff te
tee the con
on team
a wwork
orkk fo
or radio
forr a ra dio or ttelevision
adio elev
vis
isio
ionn
io
pproduction.
roduuction
o .

5.0
5.
.0 CONTENT
CON
NTENT
T OF THE
TH
HE PRACTICAL
PR
RAC
A TIICA
C L COURSE
CO
OUR
URSE
SE
IIt is ex
eexpected
pected tthat
h t by th
ha the
he tim
time
imee pr
im pra
practicals
actticcals
cals aare
re con
conducted,
ondduc
on ducted
cted
ed, yo
youu wo
wou
would
uldd hhave
avve
gone
gon
go ne through the courses
h theoryy co
cou
urse
sees an developed
andd de
deve elo
loppedd a go od uunderstanding
good ndeerst
nd erst
stan
and
anding
ng off th
the
theoretical concepts for application in the practical activities. This practical
course covers almost all the activities of Radio, Television and Online
media that may be required for journalism students in the early stages of
their career. All these areas have been discussed in detail in the text material
of theory courses. This course mainly covers the following topics:
1. Aspects of Audio-visual Programme Production
Production and dissemination of any audio-visual programs is an integral part
of mass media like radio and television. These programs could be made for
the purpose of information, education or entertainment. As a student of mass
communication you must know the process of program production which
involves Pre-production, Production and Post production. The preparation
made before the actual recording or shooting of a programme comes under
the category of Pre production which involves conceptualization, research,
collection of relevant material and script writing. During the actual
production we record a radio programme or shoot a television programme
whereas in post-production processes like editing, dubbing and mixing are
8
GRQHLQRUGHUWRPDNHD¿QDOPDVWHUFRS\RIWKHSURJUDPPH7RPDNHLW
PRUHH൵HFWLYHVRXQGH൵HFWVDQGEDFNJURXQGPXVLFDUHLQFRUSRUDWHGDWWKH
post production or editing stage. We will familiarize you with the sequence
of events in the programme production process.
2. Programme Formats (Radio and TV)
In a creative context, radio or television programme format is basically how
the content being presented in a particular shape or structure, which endows
LWZLWKDGH¿QLWHQDUUDWLYHVW\OH5DGLRDQG7HOHYLVLRQSURJUDPPHVKDYHWZR
main formats which are Spoken Word and Music. Within these two we have
many verities like talk, interview, discussion, feature, documentary, drama,
TXL]FODVVLFDOOLJKWDQG¿OPPXVLFPXVLFDOIHDWXUHVRRQDQGVRIRUWK2Q
the basis of importance, extensive public utility and special functionality,
News is also considered to be a separate format which includes news
bulletin, newsreel, news feature, reports and documentaries. Radio and
Television formats are governed by the fundamental and inherent nature of
these media, which every media student mustt learn n.
learn.
3. Writingg for Ra
R dio
Radio
5DGL
5DGLRLR ZULWLQ QJ LLV
ZULWLQJ V GL൵
L൵൵HU
H HQW IU
GL൵HUHQW IURP
R  DQ\ RWKHU
RP
IURP U NLQ
RWKHU L G RRI
LQ
NLQG IZ ULWL
WLQJ ,W
ZULWLQJ ,W LLV
V DOV VR WWUXH
DOVR UXH
WKKDW
DW UDG
WKDW GLR Z
UDGLR ULWL
UL WLQJ LV PR
ZULWLQJ RUHH GL൶
PRUH ൶FX
F OW DDQG
GL൶FXOW QG FFKDOOHQJLQJ
KDDOOHQJJLQJJ WK KDQ RWKHU
WKDQ RWKHU U NLQQGVV RI
NLQGV I
RI
w ritinngs
g .T
writings. hiss iiss so because rradio
This a io iiss an
ad n aur
ral m
aural ediu
medium. um. Ev ven if
Even i w wee kno ow the
know
fund
ndameentals
nd
fundamentals l ooff ap
ls appr
prrop
o riate lan
appropriate nguaage for rradio,
language addio, th he cr
the creati ive
creativev cchallenges
hall
ha l engges foforr
wr riting st
writing till pe
still per rsist.. The llanguage
persist. a guag
an ge foforr chil
ldr
d ene ’s program
children’s programmemme ccannotannott be the
an
saame
m as th
same hat for a yyouth
that ouuthh proogr
g ammme; aand
programme; nd th
the lallanguage
nguage for rruralural
ur al pprogramme
rogramme
ro
ZL LOO
O EHHQ QWL
WLUH
UHO\
UH O GL൵HUHQ QWWKDQDQWKHHODQQJXDJHHRIIDQ\OLW LWWHU
ZLOOEHHQWLUHO\GL൵HUHQWWKDQWKHODQJXDJHRIDQ\OLWHUDU\SURJUDPPH7KHHUDU
DU\
DU\ SURJ RJUD
RJ UDPP
UD PPH 7KH
PP KH
wr rit
i ingg also vvaries
writing aries acco ordin
accordingng too thee fformat.
ormaat. TThe he craft ooff wrwrit
itin
itingg a ta
in
writing talk w illl
il
will
EEHHQWLUHO\GL൵HUHQWIURPZULWLQJDUDGLRSOD\.HHSLQJDOOWKHVHWKLQJVLQ
EH HQW
Q LUHHO\GL൵ ൵HUHQWW IURPZ ZULWWLQJD
D UDGLRR SOD\
D D\.HHSLQ
D\ QJ
J DODOOWKKHV
HVHHWKWKLQ
WK L JVVLQ
mind, we
mi w shall try to lear arnn so
ar
learn some bbasic
asic ccharacteristics
haractteristics of radio writing.
5DGL
G R
GL
5DGLRR ZU
Z LWLQJ
ZULWLQJJ LV
LV GGL൵HUHQW
L൵
൵HUHQW IUIURP
RP
P ZUL
IURP ULWL
ULWLQJ IRU D PDJD]
ZULWLQJ D]LQHH RRU
PDJD]LQH U DD QQHZVSDSHU
HZ
ZVSVSDS
DSHU
DSHU
HU
W
Wh ile li
While list
sten
en
nin
ingg to a pprogramme,
listening rogr
ro gram
gr amme,, it is not poss
am s ible fo
possible or a llistener
for isteene
is nerr tto
o ggo
o ba
back
ck
andd forth;
fo thereffore a radio broadcast
therefore bro
roaadcast has to be
b followedd andd understood
unded rstoodd by
by
the listenner
erss si
listeners simu
multltan
aneo
eouuslly in real time. That is why short sentences and
simultaneously
VLPSOHODQJXDJHDUHHVVHQWLDOIRUDUDGLRVFULSW)RUH൵HFWLYHUDGLRZULWLQJ
the writer has to be mindful of the duration and format of the programme
and also be aware of the target listener for whom the programme script is
being written. The beginning of the programme should be very attractive
DQGÀRZRIODQJXDJHDQGFRQWHQWVKRXOGEHPDLQWDLQHGWLOOWKHHQGRIWKH
programme to sustain the interest of the listeners. Intelligent research about
the subject is very important to make the programme rich in content.
4. Writing for Television
Television is essentially a visual medium and therefore you have to put words
to support and supplement the visuals and not only to describe the obvious.
Words sometimes provide additional meaning to the visuals but merely
describing a visual, which can easily be seen, is not desirable. However
when we produce news programs or other educational and informative
programmes for television like panel discussions, interviews, features and
9
 documentaries then of course the description and interpretation of opinion,
views or information is very important. This practical component is there to
hone your skills of writing for radio and television.
5. Presentation Techniques
Overall impact of a radio programme depends on the script, production
quality and also the way of presentation. The same is true with Television.
You may argue that presentation and packaging is a part of production
quality that is subsumed into it. However, the selection of words for the
script is as important as the rendering of it. Therefore, it is imperative that the
producers of radio and TV programmes should learn about the presentation
techniques equally well because that can make or mar the entire production.
A radio presenter does not have the visual support of facial expressions and
body movements during communication, as listeners cannot see him/her,
DQGWKHUHIRUHKHRUVKHKDVWRSXWPRUHH൵RUWVDQGFUHDWLYLW\LQWRWKHDUW
of rendering thee speec echh to make it memorable and impactful. On the other
speech
side television be bbeing
ingg a vvisual
isual medium one has to think about the norms and
practicees to loo
practices ok visu
look sual
ally
visuallyl impmpre
mp ress
ssiv
ss
impressive ivee an
aand
d ap
ppeeal
a in
ingg and att tthe
appealing he ssame
a e ti
am time
me
commun nicatte ne
communicate news andd vie iews w
views itth ap
with plommb. Al
aplomb. Alll presenters
p essen
pr e teers should
sho
houl
u d possess
posssesss
D SOHDVD
D DQW YYRLFH
SOHDVDQW RLFHF  À DZOOHVVV SU
ÀDZOHVV URQXQQFLDWWLRQQ FFRPPDQG
SURQXQFLDWLRQ RPPPDQGG RRYHU
YHUU WKH ODQJ
JXDDJH
ODQJXDJH
FRQ¿
Q GHQQFHDDQGÀ
Q¿ ÀRZLQ VSHHDN D LQQJ
J ,W
WFDQQEHHDVVLO\VHHHQWKD
KDDWDSU
S HVVHQ
FRQ¿GHQFHDQGÀRZLQVSHDNLQJ,WFDQEHHDVLO\VHHQWKDWDSUHVHQWHU¶VUROH QWHU¶
U¶VUUROHH
bbecomes
be coome
m s cruuciaal in eestablishing
crucial stabblishhin
i g andd the en m
then ainntainiing a vib
maintaining ibrantt rappo
ib
vibrant p rt w
po
rapport ith
with
thhe un
the nseeen li
unseen isteener.
listener.
6. Re
R corrdin
Recordingng Techniques
ess for
for R adio
Radio
Foor a go
For ggood
od qquality
ualiity recordidingg, it iiss im
di
recording, mpoport
r an
important nt to kkeep
eepp th
ee thee llevel
eveel of ddesired
esirred ssignal
es igna
ig nall
na
VX
X൶FFLH LHQWO\
\ KLJKH
K UWKDQ WKH K QRLVHHWK WKXV
WKXV LWLV HVVHQ QWL
WLDO
DO WR
R FR
FRQWQWDL
QW
VX൶FLHQWO\KLJKHUWKDQWKHQRLVHWKXVLWLVHVVHQWLDOWRFRQWDLQWKLVXQZDQWHG DLQQWKLVV XQZ
DL QZDQ DQWH
DQ WHG
WH G
sign
gnal
nall calle
signal l d no
le
called oise. Stray noise signals like blowing of horns, vehicle noises
noise.
orr oother
t er m
th an-m
made no
man-made ois
isess ccan
noises an
n eevenvenn be sstronger
ve tron
onge
on gerr th
ge than
ann tthe
he ddesired
esir
es ired
ired vvoice
oice
oi ce aatt
time
tim s. H
times. ence it iiss not pos
Hence ossibl
ble to rrecord
bl
possible ecor
ordd a seeriou
ous co
ou
serious convn er
nv ersa
sati
sa
conversation tion
tion oorr mu
musiic in
music n aan
n
oppen
open n environme ment.
e Unde
environment. derr su
de
Under suchch
h ccircumstances
ircu
ir ums
mstaance
nces tthe
hee aaudio
u io rrecordings
ud ecor
ec ordi
or ding
di ngss ar
ng are don ne
done
at Studios. Ho owe
w ver there may be
However b certain i programmes, where the h studi do
studio
recordings may sound dull, or there may be situations where the participants
can not be called in studios then OB recordings need to be done.
When you are recording radio program it is important to use the appropriate
microphone and also to keep in mind to record a clean sound devoid of any
disturbances. However at times the ambience noise is purposely kept to give
DIHHOLQJRIDFWXDOLW\1RZDGD\VWKHUHFRUGLQJJDGJHWVOLNHÀDVKUHFRUGHU
RUHYHQ\RXUPRELOHSKRQHDUHVLPSOHWRKDQGOHDQGH൵HFWLYH6RPHWLPHV
when you need a very professional recording then probably you have to use
the high-end equipment which are normally available in a sound studio.
7. Recording Techniques for Television (Basics of Camera, Lighting
and Shot Composition)
When you record a television program then basically you need to keep in
PLQG WZR WKLQJV ¿UVW WKDW WKH REMHFW VKRXOG EH ZHOO OLW DQG VHFRQG \RX
compose the shot properly. Of course the quality of camera and professional
handling of camera with the knowledge of picture composition is equally
10
important. In producing meaningful, attractive and creative images, shot
composition and camera angles will play an important role. You will be given
some practical knowledge and understanding of all these aspects so that by
utilizing it you can yourself record small visual sequences professionally.
8. Editing and Post Production (Radio)
Post-production, as we discussed earlier, refers to works carried out after
the recording process is over. Post-production is essential to remove
imperfections or defects contained in the recording either by oversight of
the recordist or by performers / artistes. In spoken word programmes, for
example, the speaker may have fumbled at places during his / her speech,
made some wrong statement and corrected it during the later portion of the
speech, or some unwanted sound disturbance may have occurred at some
points when the recording is on. Naturally, you want to remove such unwanted
SRUWLRQVLQWKHUHFRUGLQJVRWKDWWKH¿QDOSURJUDPPHFRPHVRXWFOHDQDQG
ÀDZOHVV$XGLRHGLWLQJPHDQVUHPRYLQJXQZDQWHGSRUWLRQVLQWKHUHFRUGHG
material, altering the sequence of wanted au audio
udio cl clips
clip
ips and reassemble the
UHFRUGHG VHJPHQWV %DODQFH WKH YROXPHV RI GL൵HUHQW
I GL൵H൵HUHUHQQW VSHDNHUV RU VLPLODU
pitfalls and d ddisturbances
istu
istu
urb
rban
a ce
an ces are also taken care
n car the
re off at thhe ppost-production
ost-p
-product
-p c ionn sta
ct stage.
age..
$XGLR0L[LQJGHQRWHVWRPL[LQJDOOWKHDXGLRWUDFNVWRPDNHD¿QDOPDVWHU
$XGL LR
R00L[LQJJ GHQRW R HVWRPL
PL[L
PL [ QJDOOWKKHDXXGLR
[L RWUDFNVWWR PDN NHD¿Q
¿QDO PDVWHU
¿Q
copy
co
opy of th programme.
thee pr
pro
ogram mme. e AAss a st
sstudent
udentt of MMedia
eddia aand
nd mamass
ass ccommunication
ommmuniicattionn
you al
yo also nneed
eedd to kknow
now about
abouut the
thhe basics
bassics of
of audio
au editing
ng softwares
ediitin f waares which
sooft whhich
aaree ggoing
youu ar oinng too llearn
earn
earn through yyour practical
racticcal llessons.
ourr pr essoons.
9. Editing
Ed
dit
iting and Po Production
Post P r duct
ro n ((Television)
ction Telev
visio
i n)
There
Th here is a ssaying
aying a the pprogram
ay rogrram ccanan be
b mamade marred
ade or mar redd at tthe
rre he eediting
diti
di ting
ti table,
ng tab
ab ble
le,,
denotes
den notess the im importance
mportance of po post-production.
post-p -produ That
d ctionn. Tha
du means
h t mean the
ns thhe po st pproduction
post rodducttio
ro ionn
pplays
pl ay
ys an important
n impor ortant rrole
ole in
ol giving
n giv ving th shape
the sh hape tto program.
o a progr gram
gr m. PrProper
rop er eediting,
oper diti
tiing,
SXWWLQJ
SX XWWLQ
QJ VRVRXQG
RXQG H൵HFWV VS VVSHFLDO
HFFLD H൵HFWV
L O H൵
H൵HF DQG EEDFNJURXQG
H WV DQG DFNJURXQG PXVLF SURYLGH D
PPDUNHG
PD NHG YYDOXH
DUN
UN X DDGGLWLRQ
D XH
DO GGLW
GG LWLLRQ ¿
LW ¿OO WKH
OO WKH
K  JDSV
KH PDNH
V DQG PD
P WKH
NH WKH SURJUDPPH
H SURJU
JUDP
JU PPH VPRRWK
PH VPRPRRW
PR RWKK
K
'XEELQJ
'XEE EELQ
EE LQJ
J PL[LQJ DQG VS VSHFLDO
SHF
HFLD H൵HFWV
LDOO H൵HF
LD FWV SROLVK
W  ZLOO SR WKH
ROLVK WKHH SSURJUDP
UR
RJUDPDP DDQG
QG FRQYHUW
QG FRQQYH
YHUUW
UW
LLWLQWRD¿QLVKHGSURGXFW$VD79MRXUQDOLVW\RXQHHGWRNQRZDERXWWKH
LW LQWRD¿Q ¿QLV
¿Q LVKH
KHGGSU
SURG
RGXFXFWW$VD79
XF 7 MRXUQDOLVVW
79 W \RXQHHHG WRNQ NQRZ
NQ RZZ DER ERXWW WKH
editing
edit tin ttechniques
ingg te chniques and ba basic
asi
sicc softwares whicwhich
ch are deployed to achieve the
impact.
desired impact t.

6.0 DELIVERY OF THE PRACTICAL COMPONENT

The practical components will be delivered through various technological
interventions such as Radio (Gyanvani), Television (Gyan Darshan),
Internet Radio (Gyandhara), webcast of Gyan Darshan and other online
platforms. Practical related lectures will be provided to you in synchronous
and asynchronous modes. You’ll be informed about the schedule of practical
lectures through above mentioned technologies well in advance through
email, SMS or other online tools. Following platforms will be used to
deliver this practical course:
6.1 Gyan Darshan
*\DQ'DUVKDQ*'FKDQQHOLVDPDMRUPLOHVWRQHLQWKH¿HOGRI(GXFDWLRQDO
Television in India. It is a joint venture of the Ministry of Human Resource
Development (MHRD), Ministry of Information & Broadcasting (I&B
11
 Ministry), Prasar Bharati and IGNOU serving as the nodal agency.
Launched in the year 2000, GD is a 24-hour educational channel which
R൵HUV WKH EHVW RI HGXFDWLRQDO SURJUDPPHV FRYHULQJ D YDULHW\ RI VXEMHFWV
and catering to a wide range of viewers. These include pre-school, primary,
secondary and higher secondary students, college/university students, youth
seeking career opportunities, homemakers and working professionals. The
software is pooled from various educational Institutions and Development
Organisations. GD also conducts live interactive sessions every day to build
interactivity in the Open and Distance Learning (ODL) system. Teachers/
Resource persons and IGNOU Regional Centre functionaries interact with
students on academic and administrative matters. Induction Programmes for
new students and convocations for graduating students are also conducted
live through Teleconferencing every year.
Gyan Darshan is also available on webcast, thus extending the reach of
IGNOU programmes to audiences world over. As Gyan Darshan Channel
LVDPXVWFDUU\FKDQQHODVSHUWKH*RYHUQPHQWRI,QGLD*D]HWWHQRWL¿FDWLRQ
LVDPXVWFDUU\FK
F DQQHODVSHUWKH*RYHUQPHQWRI,QGLD*D]HWWHQRWL¿FDWLRQ
a number of prprivate
riv DTH/Cable
i atee DT TH/Cable Operators carries Gyan Darshan in their
Gyan
Bouquets. Gy yan Darshan
n Dar rsh
shan now
ow part
an is no p rt of
pa Swayam
of Sw
way
yam
mPPrabha
rabh
rab a and ca
cann be watched
b watch
ched
ed
MHRD
on MHR RD Channel
Channnel no.25.
an no.225.
platform
The plat
Th atform Gyan
m off Gya Darshan
an D arrshan used
n willl be use ed to deliver
o del this
his ppractical
liverr th course.
racticcal co
cou
urse..
Live and
vee annd re recorded programmes
ecorrded pro ograamm mes rrelated
elatted to the vvarious components
ariiouus coomp
mpoonen
on nts andd
issues
ssuess ooff thiss pra
is practical
ractic
a cal cocourse
oursse willl bbee pr
provided
roviided you tthrough
d to yo ughh this ttelevision
hroug
ug elevissio
el ion
channel.
ch
hanne schedule
nell. Thee schc edule of pprogrammes
rogr
gram
gr am
mmes will be sent to you well in advance
so thatt yyou
ou ccan them.
an watch them m. GyGyan
G an DDarshan
arshan is freely available on following
DTH
DT platforms/cable
TH pl
platform rms/ networks:
s//cable ne
netw
twor
tw orks::
or

S.N.
N. DTH/Cable
DTH/
H Ca
Cablee TV
T Channel
Chan
Ch an
nne
nell Number
N mb
Nu m err
1 Tata Sky
Tata S ky 755
2 Airtel
e
el 442
4442
3 DD free
free dishh MHRD
MHRD Channel
Cha
hann el No.
nnel
nn No. 25
25
4 Sun Direct
D rect
Di 5966
59
5 Den 526
6 In Digital 297
7 Hathway 473
8 Dish TV 991

You can also watch the webcast of Gyan Darshan on http://www.ignouonline.

ac.in/gyandarshan/
6.2 Gyan Vani
Gyan Vani (GV) FM Radio was conceived in 2001 as a network of
educational FM Radio Channels operating from various cities in the country.
With an aim to enhance and supplement the teaching-learning process, each
GV Station has a range of about 60 kms and covers an entire city/town
including the adjoining rural areas. Gyan Vani serves as an ideal medium
for niche audience, addressing the local, educational, developmental and
VRFLRFXOWXUDOUHTXLUHPHQWVRIWKHSHRSOH7KHÀDYRURIWKHFKDQQHOLVE\
and large local and the medium is English, Hindi or language of the region.
12
The overall content pertains to Primary and Secondary Education, Adult
Education, Technical and Vocational Education, Higher Education, Distance
Education and Extension Education etc. Interactive Radio Counseling (IRC)
facility is being provided by GV Stations to enable students to interact with
WKHIDFXOW\DFDGHPLFFRXQVHORUVDQGVWXGHQWVXSSRUWVWD൵7KHOLYHSKRQH
in programmes are popular components of the network. The programmes
broadcast through each stations include both pre-recorded and live content.
There are many components in this practical course that can be delivered
through audio programmes. Gyan Vani radio platform will be used to deliver
those components to you. Both live and recorded programmes will be used
in this. Schedule of these programmes will be sent to you in advance by
HPDLO 606 RU RWKHU RQOLQH PHDQV VR WKDW \RX FDQ EHQH¿W IURP OLVWHQLQJ
to them. You can listen to Gyan Vani FM radio station at 105.6 MHz. The
programmes of this educational radio station can also be accessed online at
http://www.ignouonline.ac.in/gyandhara/
6.3 Gyandhara
*\DQGKDUD LV DQ LQWHUQHW DXGLR FRXQVHOLQJ VHUY YLF
LFHH R൵HUHG E\ ,*128
VHUYLFH
Students ccan an llisten
iste
ist n to tthe
te h live discussi
he ions by
discussions b tthe
h teache
he ers an
teachers andd expep rts on thee
pe
experts
topicc off the day ay and
nd interac act
interactct with the em th
them hroug
u h te
through elepphon
one, eemail
telephone, maail
i an nd aalso
and lso
ch
hat mod
chat mode.de. W h n li
he
When ive ses
live essi
sions ar
si
sessions aaree nott on, G yan
a vanni Delh
Gyanvani Delhihi is madee ava ailaable
available
on this
thiis pl
latformrm.. Th
rm
platform. The Gyandh dharaa stre
dh
Gyandhara eamin
streaming ng is
i availa ablee forr int
available nteernett us
internet sers
users
anywywherre inn th
yw
anywhere he wo
the worl rld. Impor
world. rta
t ntt eevents
Important vents broa o dcaast bby
broadcast yGGV V Delh lhi ar
lh
Delhi re aalso
are lso
rela
layed bby
la
relayed y aall
l G
ll GVV st
sstations
atio
ions
ions usingg thee G yanndhaara feed. Lik
Gyandhara ik
ke Gy
Like G
Gyanan
n Van ni, this
Vani,
In
nternet rad
Internet adio will al
ad
radio lso be us
also uused
ed inn thee ddelivery
eliveery
y of this pract
cttic
ical cours
practical rsee. It can
rs
course.
bee accessed from from
fr om anywhere
anywwheree on thiss link - http://www.ignouonline.ac.in/
http://w
p www ww.i.ign
.ig ouuononli
line
lin .ac.
ne c.in
c.in//
in
gyyan
a dhar
gyandhara/ara/
ar
64
6.
6.4 Sw
wayam
m Prabha
Swayam Pra
abh
bha
IIGNOU
IG N U is thee national
NO natio
iona
ona
nall coordinatRU
coordina
co n tRU IRU
na IRRU ¿YH
¿YH FKDQQHOV
FKDQQHO
HOOV RI
I6
RI ZD\D
ZD \DDP
6ZD\DPP 3U3UDE
DEKDD
DE
3UDEKD
thee DT
DTH ch han
anne
nell in
channel init
itiativee ooff Gove
initiative v rnmentt of Ind
ve
Government diaa. IGN
India. GNOU
GN
IGNOU OU hhasas bbeen
eenn
ee
ccoordinating
coordi
diina
n ti
ting
ngg w ith IN
with INFL
FLIB
FL IBN
IB
INFLIBNET,NET, M HRD an
MHRD nd for production
and prod
pr oduucttion
od on ooff videos,
vide
deos
de os,
os
sche
hedu
he d ling aand
du
scheduling ndd management of these channel ls.
channels. s
66.55 eGyankosh
eGyankosh is a National Digital Repository to store, index, preserve,
distribute and share the digital learning resources developed by the Open
DQG'LVWDQFH/HDUQLQJ,QVWLWXWLRQVLQWKHFRXQWU\<RXFDQ¿QGGLJLWDOWH[W
material as well as videos here. The IGNOU eGyankosh (http://egyankosh.
ac.in/) one of the world’s largest repositories of educational resources in
higher education-is available for the learners and teachers, and public at
large for free. The eGyankosh currently houses the self-learning material of
over 2500 courses and an equal number of video programmes of IGNOU.
The IGNOU learners are encouraged to make use of these resources for
their learning.
Content related to this practical course will also be made available on
this platform. This digital repository can be accessed at this link - http://
egyankosh.ac.in/

13
 6.6 IGNOU e-Content Mobile App
,*128H&RQWHQW0RELOH$SSLVDQR൶FLDOPRELOHDSSRI,QGLUD*DQGKL
National Open University (IGNOU). This app is an ICT initiative of IGNOU
to provide Digital Learning Environment to IGNOU learners and extending
Technology Enhanced Learner Support Services to them. The aim of this
initiative is to disseminate the digitised course material to IGNOU learners.
IGNOU learners can use this app to access their course material through
their hand held devices such as Mobile Phones and Tablets.
6.7 Facebook
Facebook is being used to provide academic support to students. This social
media platform is used for live lectures as well as for sharing educational
FRQWHQWLQYDULRXVIRUPDWV3OHDVHVWD\FRQQHFWHGZLWKWKHR൶FLDO)DFHERRN
pages of IGNOU, your Regional Center and School of Journalism and New
Media Studies (SOJNMS) for academic and administrative support. This
FDQEHDFFHVVHGDWKWWSVZZZIDFHERRNFRP2൶FLDO3DJH,*128
6.8 YouTubee
<RX7XEEHLV DQHH൵HFFWLYHHSODODDWIRUP
P IRI UNNQRRZOHHGJGJH VKKDULQJ
<RX7XEHLVDQH൵HFWLYHSODWIRUPIRUNQRZOHGJHVKDULQJLQYLGHRIRUPDWJ LQYLGHR IRUP
J PDW
< XFDQQ¿QGGPDDQ\ ,*1
<R 128 8OHFHFWXUHHV RQQ<RRX7X XEH:H
: ZLO
<RXFDQ¿QGPDQ\,*128OHFWXUHVRQ<RX7XEH:HZLOOXVHWKLVSODWIRUPL OXV
LO XVHWK
KLV
LVSODDWIRRUP
P
o pprovide
to roviide yo
ou vvideo
you ideo
o lec
ctu
ures rrelevant
lectures elevaant tto
o tthis
his ppractical
ractticall ccourse.
oursse.
69
6.
6.9 WhatssApp
p
WhatsApp
WhatsA
Wh sApp groups
WhatsApp gro
r up
u s may also
soo be used
ussed to
to connect with you and provide you
wiith
t use
with seful sstudy
useful tuddy material and
ndd iinformation
nfor
nf ormation related to this practical course.
6.110 SWAYAM
6.10 S AY
SW YAM
M
SWAY
SWAY AYAM
SWAYAM M is a programme iinitiated
nitiai te
t d bby
yG overnment off IIndia
Government ndi
dia andd ddesigned
esiignedd
achieve
v the tthree
ve
to achieve hree car
ardinanal pr
cardinal pprinciples
in
nci
c pl
p es of Ed duc
ucatatio
Education ionn Pooli
l cy
Policy y vviz.,
i .,, aaccess,
iz cces
ccess,
es s,
HTXLW\ DQGTXDOL
HT O W\7KHHREEMHMHFWWLYYH
H RIWKLKLV
KL V H൵
H൵RRUWWLV
LV WR WD
WDNNH
NH WKH
HTXLW\DQGTXDOLW\7KHREMHFWLYHRIWKLVH൵RUWLVWRWDNHWKHEHVWWHDFKLQJKH EHVHVWWWWHDFKL
K QJ
learni
ning
nin resourc
learning r es to aall,
resources ll, iincluding
nclu
nc lu
udi
dinng
ng tthe
hee m ostt di
most disa
sadv
dvan
dv anta
an tage
ta
disadvantaged. ged.
ge d. S WAYA
WA
SWAYAM AM
seeek
seek
e s to bridgee the digi
seeks gita
gi tall ddivide
ta
digital ivi
videde ffor
or sstudents
tude
dennts who
de who ha havve hhitherto
have ithe
ithert
he rtoo re
rt emainin
remained ned
untouched by the digital revolution and have not been able to join the
mainstream of the knowledge economy economy. This is done through a platform
that facilitates hosting of all the courses, taught in classrooms from Class
9 till post-graduation to be accessed by anyone, anywhere at any time. All
the courses are interactive, prepared by the best teachers in the country and
DUHDYDLODEOHIUHHRIFRVWWRDQ\OHDUQHU<RXFDQ¿QGFRQWHQWRQ6:$<$0
relevant to this practical course. Those materials can also be used to enhance
your knowledge about audio-visual media.
6.11 e-mail
(PDLOLVWKHEDVLFEXWH൵HFWLYHPHWKRGRILQWHUQHWEDVHGFRPPXQLFDWLRQ
We’ll use group email to provide you with educational material or
administrative information related to this course.
6.12 OER
Open Educational Resources (OER) are educational resources that are
freely available for use and share. Apart from IGNOU’s own study material,
14
we can also share with you some relevant open educational resources. These
resources will be useful for you to successfully complete this practical
course.
6.13 Other Online Platforms
2WKHU RQOLQH SODWIRUPV ZLOO DOVR EH XVHG WR GHOLYHU GL൵HUHQW FRPSRQHQWV
of this practical course, for example - Google Classroom. In future, more
online tools may also be used to provide better academic support to the
learners. We have already created separate google classrooms for PGJMC
and MAJMC learners. You may like to join these for better interaction and
student support.
6.14 Study Centre
7RSURYLGHH൵HFWLYHVWXGHQWVXSSRUWZHKDYHVHWXS6WXG\&HQWUHVDOORYHU
the country. You will be allotted one of these Study Centres taking into
consideration your place of residence or work. However, each Study Centre
FDQKDQGOHRQO\DOLPLWHGQXPEHURIVWXGHQWV VDQGGHVSLWHRXUEHVWH൵RUWV
FDQKDQGOHRQO\DOLPLWHGQXPEHURIVWXGHQWVDQGGHVSLWHRXUEHVWH൵RUWV
it may not always be possible to allot the Study
d Ce entrre of your choice. The
Centre
particulars regarding the Study Centre to wh hich yo
which youu are assign
g ed will be
assigned
communic cat
ated
communicated ed tto
o yo
yyou.
u
u.
Each
ch
h Study
dy Centre
Cen
ntre has:
has::
Ɣ $&
&R GL
&RRUGL
G QD
QDWR
WRU
U ZKRFRRU
RUGLQD
RU QDWHVGL൵H
D HUHQW
Q DFWLLYLWLLHVDW
D WKH
K FHQWUHH
KH
$&RRUGLQDWRUZKRFRRUGLQDWHVGL൵HUHQWDFWLYLWLHVDWWKHFHQWUH
Ɣ 2WKHUVXSSRUWLQJVWD൵DSSRLQWHGRQDSDUWWLPHEDVLVDQG
2WWKH
K UVX
V SSRUUWL
W QJJ VWD
WD൵DSSR
S LQWH
SR W GRQ DSDU
WH D WWLPH EDVVLV
L DQ
D G
DQ
Ɣ Counsellors
Coun
unse
sellors tto
se o pprovide
r vide
ro d cou
de counselling
unsellling aand
nd guidance to yyou.
ou.
ou
A Study
S udyy Cent
St Centre following
nttre has fol
llowiing
n mmajor
ajor
o fun
or functions
nctio context
ons in thee co
ont extt of ppractical
ntex
ex r ctticcal
ra
course:
cour
u se:
ur
Ɣ Evaluation
E aluation of Prod
Ev Production
odduc
uctition P
ti Portfolio
orrtfolio Viva-Voce
io and V iva-Voce : The evaluation of
your Production
ur P r du
ro duct
ctio
tio Portfolio
i n Po
Portfoli io aand
lio Viva
nd Vi
V Voce
ce will bbee co
iva Voc conducted
ond
nduccte ggenerally
tedd gene
ene
nerrall
rally
ly
at tthe Centres.
he Study Centres s.
Ɣ Interaction
Interacttio
ionn wi
with
th fellow-students:
h fellow- Centres
w sttudents: In thee Study C
w- will
entres you wi
il ha
ill hhave
ve
an oopportunityy tto
ppportunity iinteract
o in teract with fellow students.
te
7.0 DURATION OF PRACTICAL COURSE
You can complete the PGJMC and MAJMC programme maximum in
three and four years respectively. You need to complete your practical
courses successfully within the above mentioned time frame. As far as
minimum time is concerned, you can appear in the term end examination of
MJML-021 only after one year of your registration. For example – If you
have taken admission in January 2020 admission cycle, then you can appear
in December 2020 Term End Examination, not before that. Similarly, if you
have taken admission in July 2020 admission cycle, then you can appear in
June 2021 Term End Examination, not earlier than that.
8.0 RESOURCE PERSONS
Resource persons are the driving force behind the fruitful completion of
the practical activities of MAJMC/PGJMC. They represent the ideas and
the objectives with which the programme has been developed and carry out
15
 the programme in letter and spirit. The following resource persons will be
available for this course:
8.1 Study Centre Coordinator
The study centre coordinator will be the link between the centre and the
students. S/he will keep a close liaison with the Regional Centres and
inform you about the date/time/venue of the practical examination. S/he
will also coordinate with the external experts invited for the viva voce. S/
he will be assisted by Academic Counsellors who are experienced media
professionals/teachers. The following are the roles and responsibilities of
the Study Centre Coordinators :
Ɣ S/he will receive the students, brief them and facilitate.
Ɣ S/he will receive the Production Portfolio prepared by the students.
Ɣ S/he will arrange the evaluation of Production Portfolio prepared by
students
the studen and
nd ffacilitate
nts an acilitate the conduct of viva voce.
Ɣ S/he will
S//he w pprepare
ill pr epaare aand
nd fu the cconsolidated
furnishh th onnsol
ollid
dateddAAward
ward List
rd L ist in rrespect
e pecct off
es
all
al candidates
ll can
ndid dat the
a es to th Registrar,
he R egi
gisstra
gi Student
rar, St
tudeent E Evaluation
valu
va luatio
lu Division,
ion D ivision IGNOU,
ionn, IGGNO OU,,
Maidan
M an Garhi,
aidan Garhi,, New
Neew Delhi
Dellhi – 110068.
11000688.
8.2
82
8. Academic
ic Counsellors
Acadeemic Counssello
ors
$FDGHPLF&RXQVHOORUVDUHH[SHUWVLQGL൵HUHQWDUHDVRIUDGLRDQGWHOHYLVLRQ
$FFDGHP HPLF &RX R QV
Q HOORUVDUH H[SHU H WVV LQGL
HU G ൵HUHQWDUHDVRIUDGLRDQGWHOHYLVLRQ
GL
They
Th hey aare experienced
re exp i nced mediaa pprofessionals
perie rofe
ro fess
ssio
sionals or teachers who have specialized
LQGL൵HUHQW¿HOGVRIUDGLRDQGWHOHYLVLRQOLNH±DQFKRULQJUHSRUWLQJDXGLR
LQ GL൵HU
HUHQW¿¿HOG
GVRIUDGDGLR
DGLR DQG
Q WHO
H HY
HOHYLVLVLR
LVLRQ OLN
LR LNHH ± DQDQFK
FKRU
FK RULQ
RU LQJ
LQJ UHS
J HSRURUWL
RU WLQJDX
WL DXGL
DX GLR
GL R
R
editing,
ed ditin video
ng, vide editing,
eo ed writing
diting, wr ritin
ng fo radio,
forr ra
radi writing
dioo, wri
di riti
ri ting
ting ffor
or ttelevision,
elevissio n, eetc.
ion, tc.. They
tc ywwill
il
il
pprovide
rovvid necessary
i e neecessar guidance
a y guidan ancee to st
an students
stud
uden
ud t tto
ents
en complete
o compmple
mp lete
le te tthe
he ppractical
racticcal ccourses
ours
ou rses
rs e
es
properly.
prop They
opeerly. T
op will
hey w ill also evaluate the practical assignments submitted by the
sstudents.
st udentss.
ud
8.3 Persons
ons ffrom
Resourcee Perso rom
ro Headquarters
m He
Head
adq
adquar
arte
ar ters
te
Faculty members
memb bers of School of Journalism and New Media Studies and
RWKHUVXEMHFWH[SHUWVZLOOGHOLYHUOHFWXUHVRQGL൵HUHQWWRSLFVRIWKLVFRXUVH
RWKHU VXEMHFW H[SHUWV ZLOO GHOLYHU OHFWXUHV RQ GL൵HUHQW WRSLFV RI WKLV FRXUVH
through teleconferencing (Gyan Darshan), interactive radio counseling
(Gyan Vani and Gyandhara ) and other online platforms. The schedule of
these sessions will be communicated to you through email, SMS or other
online tools. You can also get the monthly schedule of teleconferencing
(TC) and interactive radio counseling (IRC) from IGNOU’s website. These
sessions will be interactive and you can ask your subject related questions
and queries.

9.0 PRODUCTION PORTFOLIO

All the learners will produce a Production Portfolio which will be evaluated
LQWHUPHQGSUDFWLFDOH[DPLQDWLRQ7KHSURGXFWLRQSRUWIROLRRIµ3UDFWLFDO
Audio-visual (MJML-021)’ has two major components. First is related
to radio and second is to television journalism. The details of Production
Portfolio are given below.
16
 S. No. Item Quantity Marks
1 Write two Public Service Announcements 2 5
(PSA) for Radio to aware general audience
about any contemporary issue (like the
outbreak of Corona virus or any other topical
issue. (max. up to 150 words each)
2 :ULWHWKHUHYLHZRID¿OP\RXVDZUHFHQWO\ 1 5
or any other Indian classic of your choice.
(400 to 600 words)
3 Write a piece about your favourite television 1 5
news anchor giving reasons for your liking.
(300 to 500 words)
4 Analyse any documentary OR a panel 1 5
discussion which you might have heard or
seen during this year on radio or television.
Discuss its strengths and weaknesses.
weaknessess. (400 to
600 words)
5 Record a starting opening pi ppiece
ece to camera
o cam mereraa 1 5
(through
(thr
(throuugh m mobile
obbil
ilee ph
phone) for ann info informative
orm
mata ivee TVV
News
Neews Feature
Featu re aboutt any
ture a y contemporary
an conttemp pora ary issue
isssuee
like the
like thhe imimportance
mportaanc nce of watwater conservation,
ter co onse
servattion,
education
educcat ionn of the ggirl
a io cchild,
i l ch
ir ildd, pupublic health
ubliic heealthh
system
syst m etc.
stem tc. Give
etc Give a lead/
a / title
lead t e to the
tiitl he story.
th storyy. (up
(up
to 200
0 words/
200 worrds/ 2 minutes)
m nutees)
mi s
6 Prepare
Prep
eppar
aree a copyy of thtthee ne
news
ews bbulletin
ulleti fforr Radio
tin fo 1 10
by
b using
usi least
s ng at lea three
ast th r e ssound
hre bites
ounnd bite es too supportrt
newss items. (approx.
( ppprox.
(a x. 600
00 words/
wor o ds// 5 to 6
or
minutes).
minuute t s)).
7 Make
Make a story ory bby
sto y ususing
sin still
i g stil photographs
illl phot
o ographhs 1 10
1
without
with
wi outt any
thou
th any spoken
sp n words wordss or commentary.
comm
m entarry..
You
Yo may use appropriate
appr
ap opriatee bbackground
prop
op ackground n musimusic,
ic,
if rrequired.
eq
qui
uire
red.
d. Al
Also givee a suitable title le to your
ur
story. (2 to
o3m minutes)
inutes)
8 Conduct
Cond ct an interview inter ie with
ith anyan local 1 10
politician/ sports person/ artist/ social worker/
academician for Radio or TV. (500 to 700
words/ 7 to 8 minutes)
9 3URGXFH D VWDQGDUG ¿QDOO\ HGLWHG QHZV 1 15
package for television on any issue/ story of
your choice, pertinent to your area (2 to 3
minutes)
Total 10 70

Notes:
i. Attach a hard copy (Script) of all the audio-visual exercises of the
production portfolio, written with your own handwriting.
ii. Production Portfolio can be prepared in English or Hindi.

17
 iii. Compile all the items in a folder and mention all your details (Name,
Enrolment number, Programme Code, Course Code, Email id, Phone
number and Address) on the front page.
iv. One CD/DVD containing all the exercises must be submitted with
the production portfolio. Attach it properly with portfolio and don’t
forget to mention your details on it.
vi. Learners are advised to make their own Production Portfolios and not
copy them from anywhere. Production Portfolios may be rejected if
evidence of copying or other malpractices is found.
10.0 EVALUATION OF PRACTICAL COURSE
There will be a term end examination for this practical course. Learners
KDYHWR¿OOWKHH[DPLQDWLRQIRUPWRDSSHDULQWKHWHUPHQGH[DPLQDWLRQ
of this course, like any other course of this programme but the nature of the
WHUPHQGH[DPLQDWLRQRIWKLVSUDFWLFDOFRXUVHZLOOEHGL൵HUHQW
 7
 7HUP(QG3UDFWLFDO([DPLQDWLRQ
7HUP(Q
QG
G 3UDF
DFWL
WLFDO([DPLQDWLRQ
The term end ppractical examination
racticcal examin tiion ffor
mina
na this
o thi
or practical
h s pr
hi prac
acti
actica
c l course will
see w i l have tthe
il he
components:
two com
mponnen
e ts
ts:
1. Evaluation
Ev
valuaatio Production
on of P rodu
ductio Portfolio
rtfollio ((70
on Por Marks)
70 Ma
M rk
ks)
2
2. Viva-voce
V Marks)
iva-vvocee (30 Ma
arkss)
1. Evaluation
Ev
Evalua o of Production
ation Prod ducti tiion Portfolio
Porrtfolio (70 marks): All the learners
need
ne ttoo pr Production
produce a Prod oduc
od u tionn P Portfolio
ortfolio according to the instructions
given
gi in ssection
ection 99.0
.00 ooff th
tthis manual.
iss m anua
an On
u l. O n th
thee da
dayy of TTerm
erm
er m En
End Practical
d Prac
acti
actica
ticall
ca
Examination,
E am
Ex minattion, thiss PrProduction
rod
oduc Portfolio
uctiion Por
uc rtffol
olio
io wwill
ill bbee eevaluated
il valu
va luat
luated
ate byy ththee
external
nal eexaminer.
extern xaminerr.
ii. Viva-Voce
Viv
V va-Voce (30 marks): The Viva-Voce will also be organised
on the
the day ooff Te
Term End
rm E nd PPractical
raact
ctic
i al EExamination.
xami
xa mina
mi naati
tion
on. All
on All lelearners
lea
arne
ners
ne will
rs w illl
il
have compulsorily
v to comp so ily aappear
m ulssori ppeearr in
pp n vviva-voce
iv
va-vo
voce
vo ce aand
nd w will
illl be eevaluated
il valuaateed
va
by
y the same
sam
am eexternal
me ext xtern
rn a eexaminer.
nal xam minner. D During
urin
ur ingg th
in viva-voce,
thee vi iva
va-v
-voc
-v the
oce, th
oc he
examiner
exam
a iner will ask questions related to the production portfolio
DQG WU\ WR ¿QG RXW VSHFL¿FDOO\ KRZ WKH OHDUQHUV FUHDWHG LW
Appropriate action will be taken if any unethical activity is
detected.
10.2 Overall Marks and Passing Criteria
7KH PD[LPXP PDUNV RI WKLV SUDFWLFDO FRXUVH ZLOO EH  0LQLPXP µ'¶
JUDGH•WRZLOOEHUHTXLUHGWRFRPSOHWHWKLVSUDFWLFDOFRXUVH
successfully.

11.0 REFERENCES
About Swayam. (n.d.). Retrieved January 3, 2020, from https://swayam.gov.
in/about
(OHFWURQLF 0HGLD 3URGXFWLRQ &HQWUH (03& (2020). Retrieved January
3, 2020, from IGNOU: http://www.ignou.ac.in/ignou/aboutignou/icc/empc/
gyandarshan

18
 $QQH[XUH
Indira Gandhi National Open University
MA (Journalism & Mass Communication) (MAJMC) / Post Graduate
Diploma in Journalism & Mass Communication (PGJMC)
$ZDUG/LVWIRU7HUP(QG3UDFWLFDO([DPLQDWLRQ

Programme Code.............................................................Course Code……..................................................

Study Centre with code..................................................................................................................................
Regional Centre with code .............................................................................................................................
Please arrange Enrolment numbers in ascending order and write complete and correct enrolment number.
S.N. Enrolment No. Name of the Student Marks in Practical TEE
(MM = 100)
(a) (b) Total
Production Viva-Voce (a+b)
Portfolio
Por
ortf li (70)
tfolio (70
7 )
70 (30)
0))

Name of the External Examiner .....................................................................................................................

Signature of the External Examiner ...............................................................................................................
Date................................................................Place........................................................................................
Name of practical centre coordinator................................................................................................................
Signature of practical centre coordinator .......................................................................................................
The award list is to be sent to:
The Registrar, SED, IGNOU, Maidan Garhi, New Delhi -110068

19
 $QQH[XUH

TITLE PAGE/ SLIDE FOR PRODUCTION PORTFOLIO

IGNOU MA (JMC)

Programme Code: MA (JMC)

Course Code: MJML-021
Name & Enrolment of the Learner:

Address:

Phone No.:
Email:
Emai
aiil:
l
Centre
Studyy Ce
St C Name/Code/Address:
ntre N
nt amee/Code/A
am Add
d ress
sss:

Regional
Re Centre:
egional C e tre:
en

Date:
Da
D tee: Signature
Sig ree ooff th
gnature Learner
thee Le
Lear
rner

20