Digestion and Absorption: Topic 1

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Digestion and
Absorption
TOPIC 1 03 Match the following structures with Ans. (b)
Components of Food their respective location in organs. The terms, thecodont, diphyodont and
[NEET (National) 2019] heterodont describe human dentition. In
and Digestive System men, two types of teeth are found, milk
Column I Column II or deciduous teeth and permanent
01 Sphincter of Oddi is present at A. Crypts of Lieberkuhn (i) Pancreas teeth. Thus, they have diphyodont
[NEET 2021] teeth. The teeth are thecodont, i.e. they
B. Glisson's capsule (ii) Duodenum remain embedded in the sockets of the
(a) ileo-caecal junction C. Islets of Langerhans (iii) Small jaw bones. Men have four types of teeth;
(b) junction of hepato-pancreatic duct intestine incisors, canine, premolars and molars,
and duodenum i.e., heterodont teeth.
D. Brunner's glands (iv) Liver
(c) gastro-oesophageal junction
(d) junction of jejunum and duodenum Select the correct option from the 05 Conversion of milk to curd
Ans. (b) following improves its nutritional value by
Sphincter of Oddi is the smooth muscle A B C D increasing the amount of
or a muscular valve that surrounds the (a) (ii) (iv) (i) (iii) [NEET 2018]
end portion of the common bile duct and (b) (iii) (iv) (i) (ii) (a) vitamin-B 12
pancreatic duct (hepato-pancreatic (c) (iii) (ii) (i) (iv) (b) vitamin-A
duct). It controls the flow of digestive (d) (iii) (i) (ii) (iv) (c) vitamin-D
juices into the intestine.
Ans. (b) (d) vitamin-E
02 Identify the correct statement with (A)–(iii), (B)–(iv), (C)–(i), (D)–(ii) Ans. (a)
reference to human digestive Crypts of Lieberkuhn are simple, tubular Conversion of milk to curd improves its
intestinal glands which occur throughout nutritional value by increasing the
system. [NEET (Sep.) 2020]
the small intestine between the villi. amount of vitamin-B12 .
(a) Serosa is the innermost layer of the They secrete digestive enzymes and Vitamin-A is found in milk, carrot,
alimentary canal mucus. Glission’s capsule is the inner tomato, etc. Skin can synthesise
(b) Ileum is a highly coiled part thin layer of connective tissue in liver. vitamin-D in the presence of sunlight.
(c) Vermiform appendix arises from Islets of Langerhans constitute the Vitamin-E is found in wheat, green
duodenum endocrine part of pancreas which
leafy vegetables, etc.
(d) Ileum opens into small intestine secrete hormones.
Brunner’s glands are located in the 06 A baby boy aged two years is
Ans. (b) submucosa of duodenum and they open
The option (b) is correct as ileum is a admitted to play school and passes
into the crypts of Lieberkuhn.
highly coiled tube with reference to through a dental check-up. The
human digestive system. Other option 04 Which one of the following terms dentist observed that the boy had
can be corrected as describe human dentition? twenty teeth. Which teeth were
Serosa is the outermost layer of the [NEET 2018] absent? [NEET 2017]
alimentary canal. A narrow finger-like (a) Pleurodont, Monophyodont, Homodont (a) Incisors
tubular projection, the vermiform
(b) Thecodont, Diphyodont, Heterodont (b) Canines
appendix arises from caecum part of
(c) Thecodont, Diphyodont, Homodont (c) Premolars
large intestine. Ileum opens into the
large intestine. (d) Pleurodont, Diphyodont, Heterodont (d) Molars
Ans. (c) There is one more portal system in Due to the improper movement of
In human beings, after birth the first set human body named hypophyseal portal epiglottis, one may suddenly start
of teeth that develops are deciduous system present in the hypothalamus, coughing while swallowing some food.
teeth or temporary teeth. These are 20 which brings neuro secretions of
in number. The dental formula of child is hypothalamus to pituitary gland. 12 Epithelial cells of the intestine
2102/2102. The renal portal system is found in involved in food absorption have on
Thus, they have 2 incisors, 1 canine, 0 fishes and amphibians. It supplies blood their surface [CBSE AIPMT 2005]
premolars and 2 molars. Therefore, from posterior region of the body to the
kidneys by renal portal veins to remove (a) pinocytic vesicles
the baby boy would not have (b) phagocytic vesicles
waste products before sending it to
premolars. (c) zymogen granules
heart via renal veins and post canal
veins. (d) microvilli
07 Which cells of ‘Crypts of
Lieberkuhn’ secrete antibacterial Ans. (d)
09 Which of the following guards the The mucosa and sub-mucosa of small
lysozyme ? [NEET 2017] opening of hepatopancreatic duct intestine are thrown into folds. Surfaces
(a) Argentaffin cells into the duodenum? of these folds are covered by fine,
(b) Paneth cells [NEET 2016, Phase I] finger-like projections of the epithelium.
(c) Zymogen cells (a) Ileocaecal valve These projections are called villi. In
(d) Kupffer cells (b) Pyloric sphincter addition, the epithelial cells of the villi
Ans. (b) (c) Sphincter of Oddi are covered on their exposed surface by
cytoplasmic projections called microvilli.
The mucosa present in between the (d) Semilunar valve
bases of villi of small intestine (Crypts Ans. (c) 13 The richest sources of vitamin–B 12
of Lieberkuhn) contain paneth, which Sphincter of Oddi guards the opening
secrete antibacterial lysozyme. are [CBSE AIPMT 2004]
of hepatopancreatic duct into the (a) goat’s liver and Spirulina
duodenum. Hepatopancreatic duct
(b) chocolate and green gram
Villi brings secretion of liver as well as
pancreas to the duodenum. (c) rice and hen’s egg
Lacteal
(d) carrot and chicken’s breast
10 The primary dentition in human Ans. (a)
Capillaries differs from permanent dentition in Vitamin-B12 (cyanocobalamin) is the only
not having one of the following vitamin which is not found in vegetables.
Artery type of teeth [CBSE AIPMT 2015] It is present in animal protein such as
Crypts of meat, liver, fish and Spirulina (single cell
Lieberkuhn (a) Canine (b) Premolars protein). It promotes DNA synthesis,
Vein (c) Molars (d) Incisors maturation of RBCs and myelin formation.
A section of small intestinal mucosa
Ans. (b)
showing villi and the Crypts of
There are four classes of teeth, i.e. 14 Which one is correctly matched ?
Concept Enhancer Kupffer cells are incisors, canines, premolars and molars. [CBSE AIPMT 2001]
phagocytic cells of liver. There are no premolars in primary (a) Vit-E–Tocopherol
Zymogen cells produce enzyme. dentition (deciduous or boby teeth). (b) Vit-D–Riboflavin
Argentaffin cells produce hormones. These are found only in permanent (c) Vit-B–Calciferol
dentition (adult teeth). (d) Vit-A–Thiamine
08 The hepatic portal vein drains Ans. (a)
blood to liver from [NEET 2017] 11 Two friends are eating together on
Option (a) is correctly matched.
(a) heart (b) stomach a dining table. One of them Thiamine, riboflavin, calciferol,
(c) kidneys (d) intestine suddenly starts coughing while tocopherol are also known as vitamin-B1 ,
Ans. (d) swallowing some food. This vitamin-B2 , vitamin-D2 and vitamin-E
coughing would have been due to respectively.
In the hepatic portal system, the hepatic
veins takes blood from intestine to the improper movement of
liver. This way, it takes all the nutrients [CBSE AIPMT 2011] 15 The layer of cells that secrete
absorbed from intestine to the liver first, (a) diaphragm (b) neck enamel of tooth is
where screening and storing of nutrition (c) tongue (d) epiglottis [CBSE AIPMT 1998]
takes place. (a) dentoblast (b) amiloblast
Concept Enhancer Ans. (d)
(c) osteoblast (d) odontoblast
The portal system is a system of veins in The epiglottis is a flap that is made of
elastic cartilage tissue covered with a Ans. (d)
which vein takes blood to some
organ/tissue of the body other than mucous membrane, attached to the The pulp cavity contains a mass of dense
heart. In this, the vein has capillary entrance of the larynx. It prevents the but soft connective tissue which is
network at it’s both ends. entry of food into the larynx and directs called pulp. A single layer of odontoblast
it to the oesophagus. cells is lined by the pulp cavity.
These cells secrete enamel which is a (a) Haversian duct 24 The proteolytic enzyme renin is
bluish white, shiny translucent and the (b) Stenson’s duct found in [NEET (Oct.) 2020]
hardest substance of the body. (c) Wolffian duct (a) intestinal juice (b) bile juice
(d) Infra-orbital duct (c) gastric juice (d) pancreatic juice
16 A dental disease characterised by
moltting of teeth is due to the Ans. (b) Ans. (c)
presence of a certain chemical Parotid glands are largest salivary The proteolytic enzyme rennin is found
glands, present just below the external in gastric juice of infants which helps in
element in drinking water. Which of ear. These are compound tubulo-acinar the digestion of milk proteins, casein
the following is that element? glands. Saliva is secreted by Stenson’s into paracasein.
[CBSE AIPMT 1995] duct which open opposite to the second
(a) Mercury (b) Chlorine upper molar tooth.
25 The enzyme enterokinase helps in
(c) Fluorine (d) Boron
21 Lamina propria is connected with conversion of [NEET (Sep.) 2020]
Ans. (c) (a) trypsinogen into trypsin
[CBSE AIPMT 1988]
Increased amount of fluorine in drinking (b) caseinogen into casein
water causes fluorosis, responsible for
(a) acini
(b) liver (c) pepsinogen into pepsin
moltting of teeth.
(c) Graafian follicle (d) protein into polypeptides
17 Brunner’s glands occur in (d) intestine Ans. (a)
[CBSE AIPMT 1992] Ans. (d) The correct option is (a) because
(a) sub-mucosa of duodenum Lamina propria of ileum shows yellow the enzyme enterokinase helps in
(b) sub-mucosa of stomach coloured oval, granular masses of lymph conversion of trypsinogen into trypsin.
(c) mucosa of oesophagus nodules called ‘Peyer’s patches.’ Trypsinogen is activated by an
(d) mucosa of ileum enzyme, enterokinase, secreted by
TOPIC 2 the intestinal mucosa into active
Ans. (a) trypsin. Trypsinogen is a zymogen
Brunner’s glands are convoluted and Functioning of released from pancreas.
branched glands found only in duodenum Digestive System
and located in sub-mucosa. 26 Match the items given in Column I
22 Succus entericus is referred to as with those in Column II and choose
18 In man the zymogen or chief cells
[NEET 2021] the correct option.
are mainly found in [NEET (Odisha) 2019]
[CBSE AIPMT 1990]
(a) pancreatic juice
(b) intestinal juice Column I Column II
(a) cardiac part of stomach
(c) gastric juice
(b) pyloric part of stomach 1. Rennin (i) Vitamin-B 12
(d) chyme
(c) duodenum 2. Enterokinase (ii) Facilitated
(d) fundic part of stomach Ans. (b) transport
Ans. (d) Succus entericus also known as
3. Oxyntic cells (iii) Milk proteins
intestinal juice. It is a fluid secreted in
Chief cells or zymogen are mainly found small intestine in small quantity. The 4. Fructose (iv) Trypsinogen
in fundic part of stomach which secretes secretion of the brush border cells of the
two proenzymes, pepsinogen and mucosa along with the secretions of 1 2 3 4
prorennin and an enzyme gastric lipase. goblet cells constitute succus entericus. (a) (iii) (iv) (ii) (i)
It consist of various enzymes like (b) (iv) (iii) (i) (ii)
19 Whartson’s duct is associated with lipases, disaccharides, nucleosidases (c) (iv) (iii) (ii) (i)
[CBSE AIPMT 1988]
etc. and mucus. (d) (iii) (iv) (i) (ii)
(a) sub-lingual salivary duct
(b) parotid salivary gland Ans. (d)
23 Intrinsic factor that helps in the
(c) sub-maxillary salivary gland The correct matches are
absorption of vitamin-B 12 is
(d) Brunner’s glands 1. Rennin is a proteolytic enzyme that
secreted by [NEET (Oct.) 2020]
causes
Ans. (c) (a) goblet cells (b) hepatic cells coagulation of milk.
Whartson’s duct is associated with (c) oxyntic cells (d) chief cells 2. Enterokinase converts trypsinogen
sub-maxillary salivary gland. These lie into its
Ans. (c)
beneath the jaw angles, their secretion is active form trypsin.
carried by Whartson’s duct which open Parietal cells or oxyntic cells secrete HCl
and intrinsic factor. These intrinsic 3. Oxyntic cells (also called parietal
below the tongue. These are compound
factors are essential for absorption of cells) during digestion release
acinar gland.
vitamin-B12 . Goblet cells secrete mucus. stomach acid to allow release of
20 Duct leading from parotid gland Peptic or chief-cells secrete the vitamin- B 12 from food.
and opening into vestibule is proenzyme pepsinogen. Hepatic cells 4. Fructose is absorbed by facilitated
[CBSE AIPMT 1988] secrete bile. transport into the blood capillaries.
27 Identify the cells whose secretion Ans. (c) transport of the molecules or ions
protects the lining of Cholecystokinin (CCK) and secretin are across a biological membrane via
the peptide hormones that stimulate the specific transmembrane integral
gastrointestinal tract from various
production of pancreatic juice and protein.
enzymes. [NEET (National) 2019]
bicarbonates within the alimentary canal.
(a) Goblet cells (b) Oxyntic cells Secretin acts on the exocrine pancreas 34 Select the correct match of the
(c) Duodenal cells (d) Chief cells and stimulates the secretion of water digested products in humans given
Ans. (a) and bicarbonate ions. in column I with their absorption
Secretions of goblet cells protect the CCK acts on both pancreas and gall site and mechanism in column II.
lining of gastrointestinal tract from bladder and stimulates the secretion of [NEET 2013]
various enzymes. These cells secrete pancreatic enzymes and bile juice
mucus which along with bicarbonate ions respectively. Hence, option (c) is Column I Column II
helps in the lubrication and protection of correct. (a) Glycine and Small intestine and
the mucosal epithelium from the glucose active absorption
excoriation by the highly concentrated 31 The enzyme that is not present in (b) Fructose and Small intestine
HCl. On the other hand, oxyntic or succus entericus is Na + passive absorption
parietal cells secrete hydrochloric acid. [CBSE AIPMT 2015] (c) Glycerol and Duodenum and move
Chief cells or peptic cells secrete fatty acids as chilomicrons
(a) maltase (b) nucleases
proenzymes-pepsinogen and prorenin.
(c) nucleosidase (d) lipase (d) Cholesterol Large intestine and
and maltose active absorption
28 Which of the following options best Ans. (b)
represents enzyme composition of Succus entericus or intestinal digestive Ans. (a)
pancreatic juice? [NEET 2017] juice contains a variety of enzymes like
Amino acids, monosaccharides like
(a) Amylase, peptidase, trypsinogen, disaccharidases (e.g. maltase),
glucose, electrolytes like Na + are
rennin dipeptidases, lipases, nucleosidases.
absorbed into the blood by active
(b) Amylase, pepsin, trypsinogen, maltase Nucleases are enzymes present in
transport. Fructose and some amino
pancreatic juice that break nucleic acids
(c) Peptidase, amylase, pepsin, rennin acids are absorbed with the help of the
into nucleotides.
(d) Lipase, amylase, trypsinogen, carrier ions like Na + by facilitated
procarboxypeptidase transport. Fatty acid and glycerol cannot
32 The initial step in the digestion of be absorbed into the blood. They are
Ans. (d) milk in humans is carried out by? first incorporated into small droplets
Pancreas consist of exocrine and [CBSE AIPMT 2014, 11] called micelles, which move into the
endocrine part. Exocrine part secrets (a) Lipase (b) Trypsin intestinal mucosa.
alkaline pancreatic juice. This juice
(c) Rennin (d) Pepsin
contains trypsinogen, 35 If for some reason our goblet cells
chymotrypsinogen, procarboxypeptidase, Ans. (d) are non-functional, this will
lipase, amylase, elastase. In humans, the milk protein digesting adversely affect [CBSE AIPMT 2010]
Concept Enhancer Renin and pepsin enzyme in stomach is pepsin. In calves it
enzymes are present in gastric juice. is rennin. It is also present in small (a) production of somatostatin
Maltase is present in the intestinal juice. amounts in human infants but not (b) secretion of sebum from the
adults. Pepsin acts on water soluble sebaceous glands
29 In the stomach, gastric acid is ‘caseinogen (milk protein) to form (c) maturation of sperms
secreted by the [NEET 2016, Phase I] soluble ‘casein’. This combines with (d) smooth movement of food down the
(a) parietal cells calcium salts to form insoluble calcium intestine
paracaseinate, which gets readily Ans. (d)
(b) peptic cells
digested enzymatically.
(c) acidic cells Goblet cells are something like a
(d) gastrin secreting cells wineglass that present in the columnar
33 Fructose is absorbed into the blood epithelium of the mammalian intestine
Ans. (a) through mucosa cells of intestine and secrete mucin, a mucoprotein that
In stomach, gastric acid (HCl) is secreted by the process called forms mucus when in solution. If Goblet
by parietal cells of gastric gland. It [CBSE AIPMT 2014] cells become non-functional, this will
makes the medium of food in stomach (a) active transport adversely affect smooth movement of
acidic for stimulation of proteolytic food down the intestine due to the
enzymes of stomach.
(b) facilitated transport
absence of mucin.
(c) simple diffusion
30 Which hormones do stimulate the (d) co-transport mechanism 36 Carrier ions like Na + facilitate the
production of pancreatic juice and Ans. (b) absorption of substance like
bicarbonate? [NEET 2016, Phase II] Fructose is absorbed into the blood [CBSE AIPMT 2010]
(a) Angiotensin and epinephrine through mucosa cells of intestine by (a) amino acids and glucose
(b) Gastrin and insulin the process called facilitated (b) glucose and fatty acids
(c) Cholecystokinin and secretin transport thus, facilitated transport is (c) fatty acids and glycerol
(d) Insulin and glucagon the process of spontaneous passive (d) fructose and some amino acids
Ans. (d) (a) Oxyntic cells in our stomach secrete (d) Enterokinase will not be released
Active transport occurs with the help of the proenzyme pepsinogen from the duodenal mucosa and so
energy, usually against concentration (b) Fructose and amino acids are trypsinogen is not converted to
gradient. For this, cell membrane absorbed through intestinal mucosa trypsin
possesses carriers and gated channels. with the help of carrier ions likeNa + Ans. (c)
Active transport of one substance is (c) Chylomicrons are small lipoprotein
The parietal cells (oxyntic cells) are large
often accompanied by permeation of particles that are transported from
and most numerous on the side walls of
other substances. intestine into blood capillaries
gastric glands. These secrete hydrochloric
The phenomenon is called secondary (d) About 60% of starch is hydrolysed by acid and castle intrinsic factor. The peptic
active transport. It is of two main types, salivary amylase in our mouth cells (zymogen) of gastric glands secrete
i.e. Co-transport, (e.g. glucose and some Ans. (c) gastric digestive enzymes as
amino acids along with inward pushing of proenzymes-pepsinogen and prorennin
Chylomicrons are lipoprotein particles
excess Na + ) and counter transport and small amount of gastric amylase and
synthesised by intestinal epithelial cells
(Ca2 + and H + movement outwardly as and consisting mainly of triglycerides. gastric lipase. The hydrochloric acid
excess Na + passes inwardly). maintains a strongly acidic pH of about
Chylomicrons are the form, in which
dietary fat is transported in the 1.5-2.5 in the stomach. HCl converts
37 A young infant may be feeding circulatory system. pepsinogen and prorennin to pepsin and
entirely on mother’s milk, which is rennin respectively.
white in colour but the stools, which 40 Which one of the following is the
the infant passes out is quite
42 Secretin and cholecystokinin are
correct matching of the site of
digestive hormones. They are
yellowish. What is this yellow colour action on the given substrate, the
secreted in [CBSE AIPMT 2005]
due to? [CBSE AIPMT 2009] enzyme acting upon it and the end
(a) oesophagus
(a) Intestinal juice product? [CBSE AIPMT 2008]
(b) ileum
(b) Bile pigments passed through bile (a) Duodenum: Triglycerides trypsin
juice monoglycerides (c) duodenum
(c) Undigested milk protein casein (b) Small intestine: Starchα-amylase (d) pyloric stomach
(d) Pancreatic juice poured into disaccharide (maltose) Ans. (c)
duodenum (c) Small intestine: Proteins pepsin Secretin and cholecystokinin (CCK) are
amino acids
Ans. (b) two main gastrointestinal (GI) hormones
(d) Stomach: Fats, Lipase micelles secreted in duodenum of alimentary
The stools, which the infant passes out
is quite yellowish due to the bile Ans. (b) canal. CCK stimulates gall bladder
pigments. These bile pigments are In small intestine food meats with the contraction and thus increases the flow
released in the bile juice. pancreatic juice containingα-amylase, of bile salts into the intestine.
which converts starch into maltose, Secretin stimulates the release of an
38 Which one of the following pairs of isomaltose and α-dextrins in small alkaline pancreatic fluid that neutralises
intestine. stomach acid as it enters the intestine.
food components in humans
Pancreatic α- amylase
reaches the stomach totally Starch → Maltose 43 Duodenum has characteristic
undigested? [CBSE AIPMT 2009] (disaccharide)
Brunner’s glands which secrete two
(a) Protein and starch The pancreatic juice also contains
proenzymes trypsinogen,
hormones called
(b) Starch and fat
chymotrypsinogen and [CBSE AIPMT 2004]
(c) Fat and cellulose
(d) Starch and cellulose
procarboxypeptidase. The trypsinogen is (a) kinase, oestrogen
converted to active trypsin in intestine (b) secretin, cholecystokinin
Ans. (c) by enterokinase of intestinal juice. The (c) prolactin, parathormone
In humans, starch is digested in trypsin converts proteins into large
(d) estradion, progesterone
buccopharyngeal cavity. Cellulose is not peptides and the large peptides are
digested in the humans because converted to dipeptide and amino acids Ans. (b)
cellulose containsβ-1, 4-linkage and by carboxypeptidase. Brunner’s gland secrete large amount of
vertebrates themselves do not possess mucus and bicarbonates to protect
any enzyme capable of hydrolysing β-1, 41 What will happen if the secretion of duodenal mucosa and to neutralise the
4-linkages. Protein is digested in parietal cells of gastric glands is acidic chyme. It also secretes two
stomach and fat in small intestine. Thus, hormones :
blocked with an inhibitor?
in the given options, fat and cellulose (a) Secretin
[CBSE AIPMT 2008]
reach totally undigested in the stomach (b) Cholecystokinin (CCK)
of humans. (a) Gastric juice will be deficient in
chymosin These stimulate:
(b) Gastric juice will be deficient in (i) Secretion of pancreatic juice by
39 Which one of the following pancreas.
pepsinogen
statement is true regarding (ii) Release of bile from gall bladder.
(c) In the absence of HCl secretion,
digestion and absorption of food in inactive pepsinogen is not converted (iii) Formation of bile by liver and
humans? [CBSE AIPMT 2009] into the active enzyme pepsin pancreatic juice.
44 During prolonged fasting, in what Ans. (b) Ans. (c)
sequence are the following organic Secretin is a polypeptide hormone Cholecystokinin (also called
compounds used up by the body? secreted by the mucosa of duodenum pancreozymin) is a hormone of mucosa
[CBSE AIPMT 2003] and jejunum. of small intestine. It is released in
It perform two functions : (a) It response to chyme. It causes pancreas
(a) First carbohydrates, next proteins
stimulates sodium bicarbonate from to release pancreatic enzymes and gall
and lastly lipids
the pancreas which neutralises the bladder to eject bile.
(b) First proteins, next lipids and lastly
lcarbohydrates acid in the chyme so that it will not
damage the wall of the small intestine. 52 If pancreas is removed, the
(c) First carbohydrates, next fats and
lastly proteins (b) It increases the rate of bile compound which remain
(d) First fats, next carbohydrates and secretion in the liver. undigested is [CBSE AIPMT 1997]
lastly proteins (a) carbohydrates
48 The hormone that stimulates the (b) fats
Ans. (c)
stomach to secrete gastric juice is (c) proteins
During prolonged fasting, first of all [CBSE AIPMT 1998]
carbohydrates are utilised which include (d) All of these
glycogen stored in liver. This is followed (a) gastrin
Ans. (d)
by the breakdown of adipose tissue, thus (b) renin
Pancreas secretes pancreatic juice
providing lipids and lastly the body (c) enterokinase
which contain enzymes that acts on
utilises proteins. (d) enterogasterone proteins, carbohydrates and fats.
Ans. (a) Enzymes of pancreatic juice are
45 A certain person eats boiled (a) Pancreatic amylase which acts on
The stomach controls the production of
potato; one of the food component gastric juice by means of a digestive starch and glycogen
in it is [CBSE AIPMT 2000] hormone called gastrin. It is produced by (polysaccharides).
(a) lactose which is indigestible endocrine (hormone secreting) cells that (b) Trypsin, chymotrypsin and
(b) starch which does not get digested are scattered throughout the epithelium carboxypeptidases, which act on
(c) cellulose which is digested by of the stomach. proteins and lipase which acts on
triglycerides and converts it into
intestinal cellulase fatty acids and glycerol.
(d) DNA which gets digested by 49 Lactose is composed of
[CBSE AIPMT 1998] If pancreas is removed from the body,
pancreatic DNAase
the digestion of all these would not occur.
(a) glucose+ fructose
Ans. (d)
(b) glucose + glucose
Anything which cannot be digested
(c) glucose + galactose
53 Which one of the following vitamin
cannot serve as ‘food’. Therefore, starch can be synthesised by bacteria
and lactose in the present case have (d) fructose + galactose
Ans. (c) inside the gut? [CBSE AIPMT 1997]
been automatically deleted.
(a) B1 (b) C
Cellulose cannot be digested by human Lactose (C12 H22 O11 ) is a disaccharide
beings, thus option (c) also stands found in mammalian milk. It comprises (c) D (d) K
rejected. Pancreatic juice can digest galactose and glucose units which are Ans. (d)
DNA which is the component of every linked together byβ, 1-4 glycosidic Vitamin-K 2 (menaquinone) It is formed
cell. bonds. It is a reducing sugar. by bacteria in the gut, while vitamin-K1
(phylloquinone) is found in green plant
46 Cholecystokinin and duocrinin are 50 In vertebrates lacteals are found in leaves.
secreted by [CBSE AIPMT 1999] (a) ileum [CBSE AIPMT 1998]
Vitamin-B 1 (thiamine) It acts as
(a) adrenal cortex (b) thyroid gland (b) ischium TPP-coenzyme for decarboxylases.
(c) pancreas (d) intestine (c) oesophagous Vitamin-C (ascorbic acid). It helps in
(d) ear development of teeth gums and
Ans. (d)
Ans. (a) maintenance of capillary wall.
Both cholecystokinin and duocrinin Vitamin-D (calciferol). It helps in
are hormones secreted by the Lacteals are found in ileum they are
lymph vessels draining villi of vertebrate maintenance of calcium and
intestine, while the former stimulates phosphorus balance within the body.
the gall bladder to release bile and small intestine. After digestion,
pancreas to release enzyme mixture, reconstituted fats are released into
lacteals as chylomicrons. 54 Which one of the following is a
the latter regulates the release of
mucus from Brunner’s glands. matching pair of a substrate and its
51 The contraction of gall bladder is particular digestive enzyme?
47 Which part of body secretes the due to [CBSE AIPMT 1998] [CBSE AIPMT 1996]

hormone secretin? (a) gastrin (a) Maltose — Maltase


[CBSE AIPMT 1999] (b) secretin (b) Lactose — Rennin
(a) Oesophagus (b) Duodenum (c) cholecystokinin (c) Starch — Steapsin
(c) Stomach (d) Ileum (d) enterogasterone (d) Casein — Chymotrypsin
Ans. (a) of stomach and stimulates the gastric Ans. (d)
Intestinal juices contain a number of glands to secrete gastric juices. Secretin is secreted byδ-cells of mucosa
oligosaccharidase which hydrolyse the Pancreozymin is secreted by mucosa of of duodenum which stimulates pancreas
specific oligosaccharides into their duodenum and stimulates the acinal and controls the volume of pancreatic
monosaccharides. Maltase is one of cells of pancreas to secrete pancreatic juice including water and electrolytes.
them, which hydrolyses maltose into two enzymes.
glucose molecules. Cholecystokinin is secreted by cells of 62 Pancreas produces
mucosa of duodenum and stimulates [CBSE AIPMT 1991]
55 The enzyme enterokinase helps in contraction of gall bladder to release (a) three digestive enzymes and one
the conversion of bile. hormone
[CBSE AIPMT 1995]
58 Most of the fat digestion occurs in (b) three digestive enzymes and two
(a) pepsinogen into pepsin [CBSE AIPMT 1993]
hormones
(b) trypsinogen into trypsin (c) two digestive enzymes and one
(a) rectum (b) stomach
(c) caseinogen into casein hormone
(c) duodenum (d) small intestine (d) three digestive enzymes and no
(d) proteins into polypeptides
Ans. (d) hormone
Ans. (b) Fats are emulsified in small intestine by Ans. (b)
Enterokinase helps in conversion of the detergent action of bile salts.
trypsinogen into trypsin in small Pancreas produces pancreatic juice
Emulsification of fat converts large fat
intestine, which is an endoproteolytic which contains trypsinogen,
droplets into large number of small
enzyme and hydrolyses the peptones chymotrypsin, carboxypeptidases,
droplets, which provide larger surface
and proteoses into peptides. lipase, pancreaticα-amylase, elastage,
area to lipases.
nucleases. Out of these enzymes, the
Then pancreatic lipase (steapsin) which first three are concerned with protein
56 Rennin acts on is principal fat digesting enzyme, digest digestion which finally converts protein
[CBSE AIPMT 1994, 2000] about 2/3rd of fats in these stages. into small peptides. Pancreas also
(a) milk changing casein into calcium Then intestinal lipase hydrolyses secretes insulin and glucagon hormones
paracaseinate at 7.2–8.2 pH some tri, di and monoglycerides to which acts antagonastically in
(b) protein in stomach fatty acids and glycerol molecules. So, controlling the blood sugar level.
(c) fat in intestine the most of fat digestion occurs in
(d) milk changing casein into calcium small intestine. 63 Emulsification of fat will not occur
paracaseinate at 1-3 pH in the absence of
Ans. (d) 59 Secretion of gastric juice is [CBSE AIPMT 1990]
Stomach secretes gastric juice pH stopped by [CBSE AIPMT 1993] (a) lipase
[1–3.5] which contains prorennin (a) gastrin (b) bile pigments
secreted by the zymogen cells. Inactive (b) pancreozymin (c) bile salts
prorennin is converted into rennin by (c) cholecystokinin (d) pancreatic juice
HCl. Rennin acts on casein, a protein
(d) enterogasterone Ans. (c)
milk changing it into calcium
paracaseinate, it is known as curdling of Ans. (d) Bile is a watery greenish fluid containing
milk. Enterogasterone is produced by small bile salts, bile pigments, cholesterol and
intestine and slows down the secretion phospholipid. Bile salts play an
57 Inhibition of gastric and stimulation of gastric juice and decreases the important role in digestion of fats.
gastric movements. Therefore in their absence
of gastric, pancreatic and bile emulsification of fat cannot take place.
secretions are controlled by
60 Where is protein digestion
hormones [CBSE AIPMT 1994]
accomplished? [CBSE AIPMT 1991] TOPIC 3
(a) gastrin, secretin, enterokinin and
cholecystokinin (a) Stomach (b) Ileum Nutritional and
(b) enterogasterone, gastrin, (c) Rectum (d) Duodenum Digestive Disorders
pancreozymin and cholecystokinin Ans. (b)
(c) gastrin, enterogasterone, The cells that line the ileum contain the
cholecystokinin and pancreozymin protease and carbohydrase enzymes 64 Kwashiorkor disease is due to
(d) secretin, enterogasterone, gastrin responsible for the final stages of [NEET (Odisha) 2019]
and enterokinin protein and carbohydrate digestion. (a) simultaneous deficiency of proteins
Ans. (b) These enzymes are present in the and fats
cytoplasm of the epithelial cells. (b) simultaneous deficiency of protein
Enterogasterone hormone secreted by
mucosa of duodenum inhibits secretion 61 Release of pancreatic juice is and calories
of gastric juices and slows down the stimulated by [CBSE AIPMT 1990, 89] (c) deficiency of carbohydrates
gastric movements. (d) protein deficiency not accompanied
(a) enterokinase (b) cholecystokinin by calorie deficiency
Gastrin is the hormone secreted by
G-cells/argentaffin cells of pyloric region (c) trypsinogen (d) secretin
Ans. (d) Ans. (c) C. A nutritional disorder in infants
Kwashiorkor disease is due to protein Prolonged starvation causes marasmus and young children when the diet
deficiency not accompanied by calorie disease due to a generalised wasting of is persistently deficient in
deficiency in the children of age 1-5 body because of both energy and protein essential protein.
years. It’s symptoms are weak muscle, deficiency. The body becomes lean and
D. Occurs in those countries where
thin limbs, retarded growth of the body weak, eyes depressed and skin wrinkled.
and brain, swelling of legs due to the staple diet is polished rice.
Kwashiorkor is a disease caused by
retention of water (oedema), reddish continued deficiency of proteins in diet E. The symptoms are pain from
hair, pot belly, etc. although energy intake may be adequate. neuritis, paralysis, muscle
Rickets (in children) occurs due to the wasting, progressive oedema,
65 Good vision depends on adequate deficiency of vitamin-D. mental deterioration and finally
intake of carotene rich food. Pellagra occurs due to the deficiency heart failure.
Select the best option from the of nicotinamide (vitamin-B 5 ). (a) A, B and D (b) B, C and E
following statements. [NEET 2017] (c) A, C and E (d) B, D and E
I. Vitamin-A derivatives are formed 68 Which one of the following is a
Ans. (d)
from carotene. fat-soluble vitamin and it’s related
The deficiency of vitamin-B 1 or thiamine
II. The photopigments are deficiency disease ?
causes the disease beri-beri. This
[CBSE AIPMT 2007]
embedded in the membrane disease occurs in those countries where
discs of the inner segment. (a) Ascorbic acid — Scurvy the staple diet is polished rice.
(b) Retinol — Xerophthalmia The symptoms of this disease are pain
III. Retinal is a derivative of
(c) Cobalamine — Beri-beri from neuritis, paralysis, muscle wasting,
vitamin-A.
(d) Calciferol — Pellagra progressive oedema, mental
IV. Retinal is a light absorbing part deterioration and finally heart failure.
of all the visual photopigments. Ans. (b)
(a) (I) and (II) (b) (I), (III) and (IV) Xerophthalmia is caused due to the
71 Which one of the following is the
(c) (I) and (III) (d) (II), (III) and (IV) deficiency of vitamin-A (retinol). Retinol
and calciferol are fat soluble vitamins correct matching of a vitamin, its
Ans. (b) but pellagra is not the deficiency disease nature and its deficiency disease ?
Vitamin-A is a group of unsaturated of calciferol. [CBSE AIPMT 2004]
nutritional organic compounds that (a) Vitamin-A—Fat soluble—Night
includes retinol, retinal, retinoic acid and 69 A patient is generally advised to blindness
β-carotene. specially, consume more meat, (b) Vitamin-K—Fat soluble—Beri-beri
Vitamin-A is needed by the retina of eye lentils, milk and eggs in diet only (c) Vitamin-A—Fat soluble—Beri-beri
in the form of retinal, which combines
with protein opsin to form rhodopsin, the
when he suffers from (d) Vitamin-K—Water soluble—Pellagra
[CBSE AIPMT 2005] Ans. (a)
light absorbing molecule.
(a) kwashiorkor (b) rickets Fat soluble vitamins are A, D, E and K.
66 Anxiety and eating spicy food (c) anaemia (d) scurvy Deficiency of vitamin-A leads to night
together in an otherwise normal Ans. (a) blindness or nyctalopia because
vitamin-A is essential for synthesis of
human, may lead to The deficiency of proteins within the
visual pigments (rhodopsin).
[CBSE AIPMT 2012] body is responsible for a disease, known
(a) indigestion (b) jaundice as kwashiorkor. So, a kwashiorkor
diseased patient is generally advised to 72 Which one of the following pairs is
(c) diarrhoea (d) vomiting
specially, consume more meat, lentils, not correctly matched?
Ans. (a) milk and eggs because these are rich [CBSE AIPMT 2003, 04]
Unhealthy eating habits together with sources of protein. (a) Vitamin-B12 — Pernicious anaemia
anxiety, stress or panic attacks may (b) Vitamin-B1 — Beri-beri
cause indigestion, stomach ache, 70 Which group of three of the
stomach palpitations, nausea, etc. (c) Vitamin-C — Scurvy
following five statements (A–E)
(d) Vitamin-B2 — Pellagra
contains all three correct
67 When breast feeding is replaced by Ans. (d)
statements regarding beri-beri ?
less nutritive food low in proteins [CBSE AIPMT 2005] Pellagra (Italian Pelle = skin, agra =
and calories; the infants below the rough) is a skin disease which is caused
A. A crippling disease prevalent by the deficiency of vitamin-B 3 or niacin.
age of one year are likely to suffer among the native population of
from [CBSE AIPMT 2009] Pellagra is especially frequent among
sub-Sahara Africa. the people eating food with low
(a) marasmus (b) rickets B. A deficiency disease caused by tryptophan (an essential amino acid).
(c) kwashiorkor (d) pellagra lack of thiamine (vitamin-B1 ).
73 Stool of a person contains whitish The main sources of vitamin-K are green Ans. (c)
leafy vegetables such as cauliflower,
grey colour due to malfunction of Vitamin-C or ascorbic acid prevents
cabbage, spinach, etc. It is also found in
which type of organ ? scurvy (failure to form connective
animal sources like egg yolk, liver, etc.
[CBSE AIPMT 2002] tissue). Characterised by bleeding gums,
Vitamin-K is essential for blood clotting
anaemia, loose teeth, painful and
(a) Pancreas (b) Spleen and deficiency of it causes haemorrhage.
swollen joints, delayed healing of
(c) Kidney (d) Liver wounds and emaciation.
Ans. (d)
76 Which one of the following is a
protein deficiency disease? 79 Calcium deficiency occurs in the
Bilirubin is broken down to urobilinogen
[CBSE AIPMT 1998]
and stereobilinogen. Yellowish brown absence of vitamin
colour of stool is due to the (a) Eczema (b) Cirrhosis [CBSE AIPMT 1994]
stereobilinogen. (c) Kwashiorkor (d) Night blindness
(a) D (b) C
Due to the malfunctioning of liver, Ans. (c) (c) E (d) B
insufficient production of Kwashiorkor is a protein deficiency
Ans. (a)
stereobilinogen leads to white stool. disease (no calorie deficiency but
structural). Its common symptoms are Vitamin-D (calciferol/antirachitic factor)
wasting of muscles, thinning of limbs, mainly helps in Ca/P balance in the body
74 In a person of advanced age, the
failure of growth and brain development fluids. It increases absorption of calcium
hair become thinner gradually. It from intestine so, it is necessary for
and diarrhoea.
happens because of decrease in formation of healthy bones and teeth.
[CBSE AIPMT 2000]
77 For person suffering from high Deficiency of vitamin-D causes
(a) synthesis of glucose increased loss of Ca2 + in urine, so, no
blood cholesterol, the physicians
(b) synthesis of proteins Ca2 + gets deposited in the bones. This
recommend [CBSE AIPMT 1996]
(c) energy availability cause rickets in children and in pregnant
(a) pure ‘deshi ghee’ or butter
(d) blood supply woman it causes osteomalacia.
(b) vegetable oil such as groundnut oil
Ans. (b) (c) red meat with layers of fats
In vertebrates,α-keratin (a protein)
80 Which of the following pair is
(d) vanaspati margarine characterised by swollen lips, thick
constitutes almost the entire dry weight
of hair. Therefore, as the person ages, Ans. (b) pigmented skin of hands and legs
metabolism decreases, synthesis of A patient of high blood cholesterol is and irritability?
protein decreases leading to thinning of suggested to take unsaturated fats as [CBSE AIPMT 1993, 94, 96]
hair. vegetable oils. Such as ground nut oil
(a) Thiamine — Beri-beri
because high intake of saturated fat
causes high blood cholesterol which (b) Protein — Kwashiorkor
75 Which of the following is
ultimately gets deposited in the walls of (c) Nicotinamide — Pellagra
mismatched? [CBSE AIPMT 1999] (d) Iodine — Goitre
arteries causing their blockage resulting
(a) Vitamin-K — Beri-beri in various cardiac-disease. Ghee, butter, Ans. (c)
(b) Vitamin-D — Rickets red meat vanaspati, they all are rich
Pellagra is characterised by swollen lips,
(c) Vitamin-C — Scurvy sources of saturated fats.
pigmented skin of hands, legs and
(d) Vitamin-A — Xerophthalmia irritability. This disease is caused by the
78 The vitamin-C or ascorbic acid deficiency of vitamin-B3 or niacin. This is
Ans. (a)
prevents [CBSE AIPMT 1995] pellagra protective vitamin and can be
Beri-beri is caused by the deficiency of
(a) rickets synthesised in the body from amino acid
vitamin-B1 (thiamine).
(b) pellagra tryptophan.
Vitamin-K is also known as
antihaemorrhagic factor. (c) scurvy
(d) antibody synthesis

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