Engineering Design Process 3rd Edition Haik

Sivaloganathan and Shahin ISBN 1305253280

9781305253285
Download solution manual at:
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design-process-3rd-edition-haik-sivaloganathan-and-shahin-isbn-
1305253280-9781305253285/

Chapter 6
1. Discuss the following statement as it relates to the stage of the design process you have

achieved thus far. The design process is the divergent–convergent process.

The design process starts with a divergence of the design space by a process to clarify the

problem, then transform in searching for a possible solution out of many in the design space

and converges to a unique solution at the end.

Divergence

Transformation

Convergence

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© 2018 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in
part.
 2. Why would it be wrong to state a mechanism of performing a function rather than to

generalize and name the function in building up a function structure?

A function states what a product does not how it does it. An element is the statement of

how the function is done. Choosing an element that performs a function limits the scope

to that particular performer of the function and hence hinders other possibilities.

Additionally in the event of a revision, once an element is selected it becomes harder to

recall the function.

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part.
 3. What is the difference between functions and subfunctions?

A subfunction is a lower level function, which assists the realization of a high level function.

4. Would it be possible for different design teams to come up with different function

structures for the same system or product? Why or why not?

Possible for new designs. Experience play a role in function generation.

5. As a team, choose one of the following products to take apart. Name the parts and what

function they serve. Then build a functional structure for the product.

These parts can be resolved into components at different levels of abstraction. It is assumed that

the resolution is required at a high level to understand the functional subsystems.

a. Paper hole puncher

https://www.walmart.com/ip/Master-40-Sheet-Heavy-Duty-2-Hole-Punch-

Black/14915438
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© 2018 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in
part.
 Part Function
Lever Arm Receive effort and transfer it to
the die
Spring Restore the punch and the lever
arm
Punch (bladed cylinder) Cut the hole
Die (Hole) Guide the punch
Alignment stop Set the inner depth of the hole
Chip Chamber Collect all chips
Chip Door Allows the chip chaber to be
emptied
Length Setter Assists setting the holes in the
middle

Overall Function:
Papers with holes
Papers
Paper Hole Puncher

b. Cellular phone

http://www.mobilegyaan.com/lifes-of-a-mobile-phone

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© 2018 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in
part.
 Part Function

speaker broadcast the audio signal

Display unit Display the numbers keyed in

Keyboard Receive the numbers

Microphone Receive audio input

Circuit board Receive and broadcast signals

antenna Receive and send signals

Battery Power the phone

c. Computer mouse

Part Function

speaker broadcast the audio signal

Display unit Display the numbers keyed in

Keyboard Receive the numbers

Microphone Receive audio input

Circuit board Receive and broadcast signals

antenna Receive and send signals

Battery Power the phone

44
© 2018 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in
part.
 a. Computer mouse

http://www.techulator.com/resources/6833-Components-of-desktop-computer.aspx

Part Function

Left button Input signal

Right button Displays menu

Scroll button Scroll Pages

Wire Transmit signals

Palm rest Supports the palm during operation

Ball tracker Tracks the position of the cursor

b. Umbrella

Part Function

speaker broadcast the audio signal

Display unit Display the numbers keyed in

45
© 2018 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in
part.
 Keyboard Receive the numbers

Microphone Receive audio input

Circuit board Receive and broadcast signals

antenna Receive and send signals

Battery Power the phone

a. Computer mouse

http://www.techulator.com/resources/6833-Components-of-desktop-computer.aspx

Part Function

Left button Input signal

Right button Displays menu

Scroll button Scroll Pages

Wire Transmit signals

Palm rest Supports the palm during operation

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© 2018 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in
part.
 Ball tracker Tracks the position of the cursor

b. Umbrella

http://www.etin.com.hk/store/index.php/etin-knowledge/umbrella-parts

Parts Functions

Stretcher Keeps the canopy taut

Canopy Protects from rain and sun

Runner Runs in the shaft and folds and opens

Shaft Shaft Support the canopy and guides the

runner

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© 2018 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in
part.
 Handle Permits easy holding and transmit the

forces to the hand

Rib Supports the canopy

c. Tape dispenser

Part Function

speaker broadcast the audio signal

Display unit Display the numbers keyed in

Keyboard Receive the numbers

Microphone Receive audio input

Circuit board Receive and broadcast signals

antenna Receive and send signals

Battery Power the phone

a. Computer mouse

http://www.techulator.com/resources/6833-Components-of-desktop-computer.aspx
48
© 2018 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in
part.
 Part Function

Left button Input signal

Right button Displays menu

Scroll button Scroll Pages

Wire Transmit signals

Palm rest Supports the palm during operation

Ball tracker Tracks the position of the cursor

b. Umbrella

http://www.etin.com.hk/store/index.php/etin-knowledge/umbrella-parts

Parts Functions

49
© 2018 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in
part.
 Stretcher Keeps the canopy taut

Canopy Protects from rain and sun

Runner Runs in the shaft and folds and opens

Shaft Shaft Support the canopy and guides the

runner

Handle Permits easy holding and transmit the

forces to the hand

Rib Supports the canopy

c. Tape dispenser

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Tape-dispenser.jpg

50
© 2018 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in
part.
 Parts Functions

Body Houses the tape roll and blade and

supports the effort

Tape roll holder Facilitates rolling of the tape and

supports the roll

Blade Assists cutting the tape at the required

length

Body Surface Provides aesthetically pleasing

appearance.

d. Can opener

Part Function

speaker broadcast the audio signal

Display unit Display the numbers keyed in

Keyboard Receive the numbers

Microphone Receive audio input

Circuit board Receive and broadcast signals

antenna Receive and send signals

Battery Power the phone

51
© 2018 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in
part.
 a. Computer mouse

http://www.techulator.com/resources/6833-Components-of-desktop-computer.aspx

Part Function

Left button Input signal

Right button Displays menu

Scroll button Scroll Pages

Wire Transmit signals

Palm rest Supports the palm during operation

Ball tracker Tracks the position of the cursor

52
© 2018 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in
part.
 b. Umbrella

http://www.etin.com.hk/store/index.php/etin-knowledge/umbrella-parts

Parts Functions

Stretcher Keeps the canopy taut

Canopy Protects from rain and sun

Runner Runs in the shaft and folds and opens

Shaft Shaft Support the canopy and guides the

runner

Handle Permits easy holding and transmit the

forces to the hand

Rib Supports the canopy

53
© 2018 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in
part.
 c. Tape dispenser

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Tape-dispenser.jpg

Parts Functions

Body Houses the tape roll and blade and

supports the effort

Tape roll holder Facilitates rolling of the tape and

supports the roll

Blade Assists cutting the tape at the required

length

Body Surface Provides aesthetically pleasing

appearance.

54
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part.
 d. Can opener

http://pam.knausz.com/description.pdf

Parts Functions

Cutting wheel Use the force and drive effort to cut the

tin

Rubber gripped Apply force and guide positioning the

handles cutter

Upper Gear Increases torque and drives the cutter

Hand crank Receive and apply the cutting effort

Lower gear Drives the upper gear with high torque

Bottle opener Engages the bottle cap and receive effort

from handle to open bottles

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part.
 6. Develop a function tree to produce a device that is capable of converting wood chips into

a fire log.

a. Express the overall function for the system.

Fire log Producer

Wood Chips Fire Log

b. Break down the overall function into a set of subfunctions.

Subfunctions Wood

chips hauler Wood

chips breaker Wood

chips smoother Agent

adder

Fire log Shaper

Fire log pusher

Fire log cutter

Fire log packager

Fire log hauler

c. Draw a block diagram showing the interactions between the subfunctions.

The interaction is linear i.e. starts with Wood chips hauler and ends up with Fire log

hauler

d. Draw the system boundary.

Show in a
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part.
 7. List the steps needed to generate the functional structure.

Understand and plan the functions the product performs.

Create a black-box model of the product that describes the overall function of the product

and shows the input and output flows.

One by one trace the flows from input to output by asking the following two questions: (1)

What happens to the input and the outputs inside the box? (2) Where does the output come

from?

Assemble and combine the traces.

8. What is the difference between the functional structure and an objective tree?

Functional structures are the first step to conceptualize a solution while objective trees are

used to clarify the design problem.

9. Why can’t you find a function for each objective you generate in the objective tree?

Some of the objectives are description of a desire that the product need to have for example a

particular color which is not a description of how the product does.

10. What function would you propose to satisfy the “must be safe” objective for the

newspaper vending machine?

11. Generate a function tree for a coin-sorting device.

12. Generate a function tree for a leaf-removing device.

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part.
 13. State whether the following statements are true or false.

Statements T F
1. Products are designed, developed, and manufactured to perform
T
intended functions.
2. A product can be described in terms of (1) its physical elements or (2)
T
its functional elements.
3. Functional elements of a product are individual operations and
transformations that contribute to the overall performance of the T
product.
4. Functional decomposition breaks down a system by functions into
T
subsystems and sub-subsystems
5. Abstraction is the process of stopping subdividing at some stage
T
because the functions below that are easily understood at that level.
6. A functional model is the resulting description or structure of the
T
system in terms of its functions.
7. The goals of a device are what the users want to have or realize by
T
using the device.
8. Actions are the behaviors of the users when they use a device. T
9. Behaviors are the state changes exhibited by the device. T
10. Behavior is viewed as an observable characteristic of the function
T
exhibited or manifested by the design structure.
11. Function can be defined as the desired goal—that is, the desired
T
behavior or desired effect of the behavor of the structure.
12. A functive is a pair of words—one verb and one noun. T
13. Miles defines functions in the functive format. T
14. A function tree is the hierarchical representation of a product’s
T
functions and subfunctions.
15. The function tree of an existing product is derived by (1) extracting
functions, (2) arranging the hierarchy, and (3) analyzing and T
expanding the tree.
16. The affinity diagram is a technique for defining the function tree. T
17. Function structure is the representation of a function as a relationship
T
between inputs and outputs using a black-box model.
18. Function structure is established by tracing the flows from input to
output by asking the following two questions: (1) What happens to the
T
input and the outputs inside the box? (2) Where does the output come
from?

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part.
15. Establish the goal, action, function, behavior, and structure elements of a grocery cart.

Level Description
Goal Store the grocery safely with oneself while in the
(Purpose of the supermarket and move it easily from the supermarket
product) to the car
Action Arrange and store items in the basket and navigates the
(Effort from user) trolley through the supermarket isles and to the car
Function Store the grocery in an orderly and safe manner
(What the product Permit easy navigation
does) Permit a seat for the baby
Facilitate easy transport of the collected grocery while
in the supermarket
Behavior Basket and baby seat:
(What the various Define a rigidly enclosed open space for storing grocery
components of the Engages with the handle and facilitate distribution of
product do) the navigating force.
Support and transmit the load of the baby to the basket
Supporting brackets:
Receive load from the basket and transmits it to the
rolling base frame.
Handle and Supporting bracket:
Receives effort from user and navigates the trolley
base.
Receive load from the basket and transmits it to the
rolling base frame.
Rolling Base:
Moves according the navigation effort given by the
handle bar
Structure (i) Rolling base (ii) Supporting brackets (iii) integrated
(Physical handle and supporting bracket (iv) basket and baby
components) seat.
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part.
16. Establish the function tree of a car scissor Jack

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part.
17. Establish the function structure of an electric kettle.

18. Establish the purpose and action functions for a display table in exhibition halls.

19. Generate possible redesigns for the stapler based on the design integration example

(Section 6.9.2).

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part.
 62
© 2018 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in
part.