A

Project report on

Excel

Master’s in Business Administration (MBA)

ARYA INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY

2022-2024
SUBMITTED TO SUBMITTED BY
MS. SANDHIKA KOTHARI MUKUL JANGID
(ASSISTANTPROFESSOR) MBA 2nd SEMESTER
(DEPARTMENT OF MBA) ROLL NO. 22MAIXX628

RAJASTHAN TECH NICAL UNIVERSITY, KOTA

DEPT. OF MBA

SP-40 RIICO INDUSTRIAL AREA, KUKAS, JAIPUR

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 DECLARATION

I undersigned, hereby declare that the project titled Taxation submitted in partial fulfillment for
the award of Degree of Master of Business Administration of Rajasthan Technical University,
Kota is a bona fide record of work done by me under the guidance of MS. SANDHIKA
KOTHARI(Arya institute of engineering and technology, Kukas, Jaipur). This report has not
previously formed the basis for the award of any degree, diploma, or similar title of any
University.

Signature MUKUL JANGID

Date: 12/08/2023

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 AKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Through this acknowledgement I express my sincere gratitude towards all those people who
helped me in this project, which has been a learning experience. This space wouldn’t be enough to
extend my warm gratitude towards my faculty guide MS. SANDHIKA KOTHARI for efforts in
coordinating with my work and guiding in right direction. I escalate a heartfelt regard to our
Institution Arya institute of engineering and technology, kukas, Jaipur for giving me the
essential hand in concluding this work. It would be injustice to proceed without acknowledging
those vital supports I received from my beloved classmates and friends, without whom I would
have been half done. I also use this space to offer my sincere love to my parents and all others who
had been there, helping me walk through this work.

Mukul jangid

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 DEPARTMENT OF MANAGEMENT

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the report titled “Excel and SPSS” being submitted by MS. SANDHIKA
KOTHARI in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the Degree of Master of
Business Administration, RTU Kota, is a bona fide record of the project work done by of Arya
institute of Engineering and Technology, Kukas, Jaipur.

Faculty Coordinator External Examiner

Name: MS, SANDHIKA KOTHARI

(Assistant professor)

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INTRODUCTION TO MS EXCEL
There are numbers of spreadsheet programs but from all of them, Excel is most widely used.
People have been using it for last 30 years and throughout these years, it has been upgraded with
more and more features.

The best part about Excel is, it can apply to many business tasks, including statistics, finance, data
management, forecasting, analysis, inventory, billing, and business intelligence.

Following are the few things which it can do for you:

• Number Crunching

• Charts and Graphs

• Store and Import Data

• Manipulating Text

• Templates/Dashboards

• Automation of Tasks More

Three most important components of Excel

1. Cell: A cell is a smallest but most powerful part of a spreadsheet. You can enter your data
into a cell either by typing or by copy-paste. Data can be a text, a number, or a date. You can also
customize it by changing its size, font color, background color, borders, etc. Every cell is
identified by its cell address, cell address contains its column number and row number (If a cell is
on 11th row and on column AB, then its address will be AB11).

2. Worksheet: A worksheet is made up of individual cells which can contain a value, a

formula, or text. It also has an invisible draw layer, which holds charts, images, and diagrams.
Each worksheet in a workbook is accessible by clicking the tab at the bottom of the workbook
window. In addition, a workbook can store chart sheets; a chart sheet displays a single chart and is
accessible by clicking a tab.

3. Workbook: A workbook is a separate file just like every other application has. Each
workbook contains one or more worksheets. You can also say that a workbook is a collection of

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multiple worksheets or can be a single worksheet. You can add or delete worksheets, hide them
within the workbook without deleting them, and change the order of your worksheets within the
workbook.

Microsoft excel window component

Before start using it, it’s really important to understand that what’s where in its window. So ahead
we have all the major component which you need to know before entering the world of Microsoft
Excel.

1. Active Cell:

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A cell which is currently selected. It will be highlighted by a rectangular box and its address will
be shown in the address bar. You can activate a cell by clicking on it or by using your arrow
buttons. To edit a cell, you double-click on it or use F2 to as well.

2. Columns:
A column is a vertical set of cells. A single worksheet contains 16384 total columns. Every column
has its own alphabet for identity, from A to XFD. You can select a column clicking on its header.

3. Rows:

A row is a horizontal set of cells. A single worksheet contains 1048576 total rows. Every row has
its own number for identity, starting from 1 to 1048576. You can select a row clicking on the row
number marked on the left side of the window.

4. Fill Handle:
It’s a small dot present on the lower right corner of the active cell. It helps you to fill numeric
values, text series, insert ranges, insert serial numbers, etc.

5. Address Bar:
It shows the address of the active cell. If you have selected more than one cell, then it will show
the address of the first cell in the range.

6. Formula Bar:
The formula bar is an input bar, below the ribbon. It shows the content of the active cell and you
can also use it to enter a formula in a cell.

7. Title Bar:
The title bar will show the name of your workbook, followed by the application name (“Microsoft
Excel”).

8. File Menu:
The file menu is a simple menu like all other applications. It contains options like (Save, Save As,
Open, New, Print, Excel Options, Share, etc).

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9. Quick Access Toolbar:
A toolbar to quickly access the options which you frequently use. You can add your favorite
options by adding new options to quick access toolbar.

10.Ribbon Tab:
Starting from the Microsoft Excel 2007, all the options menus are replaced with the ribbons.
Ribbon tabs are the bunch of specific option group which further contains the option.

11.Worksheet Tab:
This tab shows all the worksheets which are present in the workbook. By default you will see,
three worksheets in your new workbook with the name of Sheet1, Sheet2, Sheet3 respectively.

12.Status Bar:
It is a thin bar at the bottom of the Excel window. It will give you an instant help once you start
working in Excel.

Basic functions of Microsoft excel

1. SUM:

It returns the sum of numeric values in a cell. You can refer to the cells where you have values or
simply insert the values into the function

2. COUNT:

It returns the count of numeric values in a cell. You can refer to the cells where you have values or
simply insert the values into the function

3. AVERAGE:

It returns the average of numeric values in a cell. You can refer to the cells where you have values
or simply insert the values into the function

4. TIME:

It returns a valid time serial number as per Excel's time format. You need to specify hours, minutes
and seconds

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5. DATE:

It returns a valid date serial number as per Excel's time format. You need to specify day, month
and year

5. LEFT:
This function extracts specific characters from the a cell/string starting from the left (start). You
need to specify the text and number of characters to extract

6. RIGHT:
This function extracts specific characters from the a cell/string starting from the right (last). You
need to specify the text and number of characters to extract

7. VLOOKUP:
It looks up for a value in a column and can return that value or a value from the correspondent
columns using same row number

8. IF:
This function returns a value when the specific condition is TRUE and returns another values it
condition is FALSE

9. NOW:
It returns the current date and time in the cell where you insert it using your system's settings.
Basic terms in excel
There are two basic ways to perform calculation in excel

• Formulas
• Functions

1. Formulas
In Excel, a formula is an expression that operates on values in a range of cells or a cell. For
example, =A1+A2+A3, which finds the sum of the range of values from cell A1 to cell A3.

2. Functions

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 Functions are predefined formulas in Excel. They eliminate laborious manual entry of formulas
while giving them human-friendly names. For example: =SUM(A1:A3). The function sums all
the values from A1 to A3.

Five Time-saving Ways to Insert Data into Excel

When analyzing data, there are five common ways of inserting basic Excel formulas. Each
strategy comes with its own advantages. Therefore, before diving further into the main formulas,
these ways are mentioned as under

1. Simple insertion: Typing a formula inside the cell

Typing a formula in a cell or the formula bar is the most straightforward method of inserting
basic Excel formulas. The process usually starts by typing an equal sign, followed by the
name of an Excel function.

Excel is quite intelligent in that when you start typing the name of the function, a pop-up
function hint will show. It’s from this list you’ll select your preference. However, don’t press
the Enter key. Instead, press the Tab key so that you can continue to insert other options.
Otherwise, you may find yourself with an invalid name error, often as ‘#NAME?’ To fix it,
just re-select the cell, and go to the formula bar to complete your function.

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 2. Using Insert Function Option from Formulas Tab
If you want full control of your functions insertion, using the Excel Insert Function dialogue
box is all you ever need. To achieve this, go to the Formulas tab and select the first menu
labeled Insert Function. The dialogue box will contain all the functions you need to complete
your financial analysis.

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 3.
Selecting a Formula from One of the Groups in Formula Tab
This option is for those who want to delve into their favorite functions quickly. To find this
menu, navigate to the Formulas tab and select your preferred group. Click to show a submenu
filled with a list of functions. From there, you can select your preference. However, if you
find your preferred group is not on the tab, click on the More Functions option – it’s probably
just hidden there.

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 4. Using AutoSum Option For quick and everyday tasks
The AutoSum function is your go-to option. So, navigate to the Home tab, in the far-right
corner, and click the AutoSum option. Then click the caret to show other hidden formulas.
This option is also available in the Formulas tab first option after the Insert Function option.

1. Quick Insert: Use Recently Used Tabs

If you find re-typing your most recent formula a monotonous task, then use the Recently
Used menu. It’s on the Formulas tab, a third menu option just next to AutoSum
Seven Basic Excel Formulas For Workflow
Since you’re now able to insert your preferred formulas and function correctly, let’s check
some fundamental Excel functions to get you started.
1. SUM
The SUM function is the first must-know formula in Excel.
It usually aggregates values from a selection of columns or rows from your selected range.
=SUM(number1, [number2], …) Example:
=SUM(B2:G2) – A simple selection that sums the values of a row. =SUM(A2:A8) – A
simple selection that sums the values of a column.

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 =SUM(A2:A7, A9, A12:A15) – A sophisticated collection that sums values from range A2 to
A7, skips A8, adds A9, jumps A10 and A11, then finally adds from A12 to A15.
=SUM(A2:A8)/20 – Shows you can also turn your function into a formula.

2. AVERAGE
The AVERAGE function should remind you of simple averages of data such as the average
number of shareholders in a given shareholding pool.
=AVERAGE(number1, [number2], …)
Example: =AVERAGE(B2:B11) – Shows a simple average, also similar to
(SUM(B2:B11)/10)
3. COUNT
The COUNT function counts all cells in a given range that contain only numeric values.
=COUNT(value1, [value2], …)

Example: COUNT(A:A) – Counts all values that are numerical in A column. However, you
must adjust the range inside the formula to count rows.
COUNT(A1:C1) – Now it can count rows.

4. COUNTA

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 Like the COUNT function, COUNTA counts all cells in a given rage. However, it counts all
cells regardless of type. That is, unlike COUNT that only counts numerics, it also counts
dates, times, strings, logical values, errors, empty string, or text.
=COUNTA(value1, [value2], …)
Example: COUNTA(C2:C13) – Counts rows 2 to 13 in column C regardless of type.
However, like COUNT, you can’t use the same formula to count rows. You must make an
adjustment to the selection inside the brackets – for example, COUNTA(C2:H2) will count
columns C to H

5. IF
The IF function is often used when you want to sort your data according to a given logic. The
best part of the IF formula is that you can embed formulas and function in it.
=IF(logical_test, [value_if_true], [value_if_false]) - Checks if the value at C3 is less than
the value at D3. If the logic is true, let the cell value be TRUE, else, FALSE

=IF(SUM(C1:C10) > SUM(D1:D10), SUM(C1:C10), SUM(D1:D10)) – An example of a

complex IF logic. First, it sums C1 to C10 and D1 to D10, then it compares the sum. If the
sum of C1 to C10 is greater than the sum of D1 to D10, then it makes the value of a cell
equal to the sum of C1 to C10. Otherwise, it makes it the SUM of C1 to C10.

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 6. TRIM
The TRIM function makes sure your functions do not return errors due to unruly spaces. It
ensures that all empty spaces are eliminated. Unlike other functions that can operate on a
range of cells, TRIM only operates on a single cell. Therefore, it comes with the downside of
adding duplicated data in your spreadsheet.
=TRIM(text)
Example: TRIM(A2) – Removes empty spaces in the value in cell A2.

7. MAX & MIN

The MAX and MIN functions help in finding the maximum number and the
minimum number in a range of values.
=MIN(number1, [number2], …)
Example:
=MIN(B2:C11) – Finds the minimum number between column B from B2 and column C
from C2 to row 11 in both columns B and C. =MAX(number1, [number2], …)

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 Example:
=MAX(B2:C11) – Similarly, it finds the maximum number between column B from B2 and
column C from C2 to row 11 in both columns B and C.

Conclusion

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 Microsoft Excel enables users to format, organize and calculate data in a spreadsheet. By
organizing data using software like Excel, data analysts and other users can make information
easier to view as data is added or changed.

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