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Notes Architecture

The 8051 is an 8-bit microcontroller originally developed by Intel in the 1980s. It has features like 128 bytes of RAM, 4KB of ROM, two 16-bit timers, one serial port, and four I/O ports. The architecture of the 8051 includes a central processing unit, program memory, data memory, I/O ports, an oscillator, timers, and an interrupt control block that are interconnected via a system bus. Modern variants of the 8051 from manufacturers like NXP and Texas Instruments include more advanced features such as increased memory, additional timers, and communication interfaces.

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13 views

Notes Architecture

The 8051 is an 8-bit microcontroller originally developed by Intel in the 1980s. It has features like 128 bytes of RAM, 4KB of ROM, two 16-bit timers, one serial port, and four I/O ports. The architecture of the 8051 includes a central processing unit, program memory, data memory, I/O ports, an oscillator, timers, and an interrupt control block that are interconnected via a system bus. Modern variants of the 8051 from manufacturers like NXP and Texas Instruments include more advanced features such as increased memory, additional timers, and communication interfaces.

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hawking
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Slide 1

8051 is the 8-bit microcontroller originally developed by Intel in the mid-80s. A typical 8051
microcontroller also known as Intel MCS-51 and here are the configuration of that particular
microcontroller

RAM 128 bytes


ROM 4 Kbytes
2 16 bit timers
1 serial port
4 input-output port
8-bit data width
16-bit address width

Since 8051 is 8-bit microcontroller it can read-write and process 8 bit of data. There are a bunch
of manufacturers like Atmel, NXP, Texas Instruments who manufacturer their own versions of
8051 microcontrollers. Irrespective of manufacturers internal hardware design i.e internal
architecture of 8051 microcontroller remains more or less the same. Here a diagram shows the
architecture of 8051 in block diagram style.

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Slide 2

Central Processing Unit is the heart of microcontroller mainly contains ALU and CU. ALU stands
for the arithmetic logic unit as the name suggest it used to perform arithmetic and logical
operations. CU nothing but a control unit responsible for all the timing of communication process
between CPU and other peripherals.

Program memory is also known as code memory is a read-only memory used to store the CPU
instructions. A program written into the memory will retain even if the power is down or the
system is reset. The data memory is also known as Random Access Memory or RAM is responsible
for storing the value of variable temporary data and immediate result for the proper operation of
the microcontroller. RAM is a volatile memory and generally organized as a register and user
accessible memory locations.

Input-output ports provide microcontroller a physical connection with the outside world. These
ports can be configured as an input port or output port. Input provides a gateway for passing
data from the outside world to the microcontroller with the help of sensors and output port
allows the microcontroller to control external devices like motor, LED etc.

The oscillator is used to generate a clock signal. Clock signal allows the operation inside the
microcontroller and other parts to be synchronous. The clock generator is an integral part of
microcontroller architecture and the user has to provide additional timing circuitry in the form of
a crystal.

Timer hardware is used to generate delay and the same hardware can be used to count external
event on T0 and T1 pin of the microcontroller.

serial port used for serial communication between the microcontroller and other serial devices
Interrupt control block, this block is used to control external and internal interrupt in 8051
microcontrollers.

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Slide 3

Program memory, data memory, timer, serial port, input-output ports, interrupt control block
and CPU all interface together through the system bus.

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Slide 4

New generation microcontroller like P89v51RD2 microcontroller from manufacturer NXP


formerly known as Philips contains more advanced features like 1 Kbytes of data RAM and 64
Kbytes of code memory, number of the timers, SPI and watchdog timer like features.

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Slide 5

Even more advanced 8051 microcontroller like CC2541 microcontroller from Texas Instrument
contains advanced features like analogue comparator, op-amp, ADC and USB like facilities. Even
more advanced features like AES and DES encryption system and RF module.

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