SPL

1.what is programming language?

Ans: A programming language is a set of command, instruction and use of
syntax to make computer software. Language that programmer use to write a
code is called “high level language”. This code can be compiled to “low level
language” which is recognized by computer hardware automatically.

2.What is the structured programming language ?

Ans : The structured programming language is a logical language that is
considered a precursor to object oriented programming (OOP). Structured
programming language facilities program understanding and modification,
has a top down design approach where system divided into compositional
subsystem.

3. Important feature of C program:

Ans: A programming language is a set of command, instruction and use of
syntax to make computer software. C language is a programming language.
The program written in C language is called C program.

The important feature of C program are:

1.It’s a robust language that has rich set of built in function and operator that
can be used to write a complex program.

2.It can extand itself.

3.It is portable. Because it can run on another device with a little bit or no
modification.

4.We can make our own function and add to c library .

5.It is easy to use because of it’s many powerful operator.

6.It is very efficient and fast because of it’s many verity of data type.

7.It is faster than BASIC.

8.C compiler combines the capabilities of assembly language with the feature
of higher level language.

9.Many C compiler are available in the market.

10.It is very efficient and fast.

4.Structure of a C program:
Ans: The program written in C language is called C program.

The structure of a C Program are:

Documantation section: This section consists a set of comments line with a

name of program,author’s name,and other details which can be used later.

Link section: This section provide the instruction to the compiler to link
function from the C library.

Defination section: This section defines all the symbolic constant.

Global declaration section: There are some variables that are used in more
than one function.This variables called global variable.This section contains
the global variable .

Main() section: Every program must have a main section .This section divided
into two sub section.One is declaration section and another is executable
section.The declaration section declare the variable which are used in
program .And the executable section execute the program.This two section
have to appear between opening and closing brace.

Sub program section:This section contains all the user defined function which
are called in main() function.

All section without main () section can be missing in a program.

5. Step of execution of a C program:

Ans: C language is a programming language. The program written in C
language is called C program.

The execution of C programming is:

1.Create a C program: First we have to write a source code by using C

language.We can use any text editor to write a source code.

2. Compile the program:Then , we have to compile this source code.

Compilation is the process of converting high level language instruction to low
level language instruction.

3.Linking the program: The source code are given to the linker.The linker
combines the source code and specified header file and make a file with .exe
file extension.

4.Execute the program: The processor can understand the .exe file and can
perform the task specified in the source code.

6. form of main() function:

Ans: Every program must have a main() function.Main function is a very
important function.There are many form of main function.they are:

1.main()

2.main(void)

3.int main()

4. int main(void)

5. void main()

6. void main(void).

Here, the empty pair of parenthesis of main function indicates that the
function has no argument. This may be explicitly indicates by using the
keyword “void” between the parenthesis. We may also specify the keyword
“int” or “void” by using it before the word main. The “void” keyword means the
function doesn’t return any info to operating system. But the keyword “int”
means the function return an integer value to operating system.We have to
use “return 0” at the end of the program and before the closing brace if we use
“int main ()” function.

directive shouldn’t end with semicolon:

Ans: There are many kind of directive. Like #include directive or #define
directive. We have to use semicolon in C program at the end of a statement in
C program. Whatever we write in main function is known as a statement, even
declaration also categorized as a statement. So we use semicolon at the end of
the declaration and other statement. But the directive is not a statement. They
are preprocessor which tell the compiler to link the pre compiled header file
to the program. So, that’s why we shouldn’t use semicolon at the end of the
directive.

8.#define directive & #include directive:

Ans:

#define directive: A #define is a preprocessor not a statement. It contains all

the symbolic constant. Symbolic constant are generally written in uppercase
letter. #define directive should not be end with the semicolon. #define
directive used to be placed before “main()” function.

Ex: #define PI 3.1415

#include directive: A #include directive are generally used to include the C

header file in C function. It is a preprocessor. There are many function which
are written by users like us and others are stored in the C library already.
These library functions are stored in different header file. If we want to access
these header file, we need to tell the compiler about the header files which we
want to access .By using the prepoccesor #include directive we can access the
header file.

Ex: #include<math.h>

9.Difference between
}}printf() & scanf() & getchar & putchar & gets() &
getch() & getche()
scanf() Printf( Putchar( gets( getc getc
getc Puts
) )/putch() ) h() he()
har ()
()
1. it 1. It 1. It 1.It 1. It 1. It 1. It 1.
us used displays used use also also The
ed to the to d to use use puts
to show single read rea d to d to ()
ta the chrctr or d a rea rea func
 ke output on acce sing da da tion
in of the screen. pt le cha cha is
pu souce It shows strin cha ract ract very
t code the g ract er er muc
fro in C output. from er fro fro h
m user fro m m simil
us in C. m the the ar to
er the use user prin
in user r tf()
C func
tion.
the
puts
()
func
tion
is
used
to
prin
t the
strin
g.
2.the 2. the ____
syntax syntax ____
of the of the
scanf() printf(
is : ) is :

Syntax Synta
: x:
(“%for (“%fo
mat rmat
specifie specifi
r”,&va er”,va
riable riable
name); name)
;
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variabl , read The The he
e is a variab s rea rea rea
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where name acte g g g
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have to don’s & And afte r
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type of type
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e name variab
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format is
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have to t
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specifie have
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have to specifi
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5.We 5.We
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the end the
of the end of
scanf() the
statem scanf()
ent. statem
ent.
6. Ex: Ex: 3. Ex: 3. 3. 3. 3.E 3.
scanf(“ printf( char ch= EX: Ex: Ex: x: Ex:
%d”,& “%d”, ‘x’ #incl cha cha cha #incl
a); a+b); putch(ch ude r r r ude
);/ <std ch; ch; ch; <stdi
Here, Here,
putchar( io.h ch = ch ch = o.h>
“a” is a throug
ch); > getc = getc #incl
variabl h
h(); getc har( ude
e printf( int he() ); <stri
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where progr n () {
we can am >
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integer execut str[5 mai
value e the 0]; n () {
result
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value. Ente
ra
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strin
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ra
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");

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");
retu puts
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retu
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 4. 4.
Out Out
put: put:
Ente
Ente
ra
ra
strin
strin
g:
g:
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This
is
is
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my
crea
crea
tion
tion
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ente
ente
red:
red:
This
This
is
is
my
my
crea
crea
tion.
tion

10.Blank spaces in C code:

Ans: C code consist of a numbers of token.A C token can be a function
name like main().C tokens should be written continuously.

Ex: int ma in ()

Here blank space between a & i is not illegal.But we can use use blank
spaces between tokens .It is valid but optional.

Ex: void main (void) is equivalent to

void main ( void) & void main ( void )

In short, between tokens, blank spaces are valid but within token, it is
not valid.

11.difference between alogoritham & flowchart:

Ans:

Topic Algorithm Flowchart

1.Defination A algorithm is a A flowchart is a
procedure for graphical
solving a representation of
problem step by an algorithm.
step.
2.Comphensibilit Hard Easy
y
3.Uses Text Symbol
4.Implement No rules are Predefined rules
employed are implemented
5.Debugging Easier Predefined rules
are implemented

12. Describe algorithm & flowchart:

Ans:

Algorithm: A algorithm is a procedure for solving a problem step by step.

It’s hard to understand. We use Text to write a algorithm.

Ex:

Step 1:Start.

Step 2: Input a,b.

Step 3: C=a+b.

Step 4: Print C.

Step 5: Stop.

Flowchart: A flowchart is a graphical representation of an algorithm.It’s

easy to understand. We use some symbol to draw a flowchart.

Symbols we use in flowchart are given below:

1. Terminal=

2.input/output=

3.decision=
4..process=

5.flowline=

6.connector=

Ex: start

Input a,b

C=a+b

Print c

end
13. Characterstics of structured programming
language.

Ans:The structured programming language is a logical language that is

considered a precursor to object oriented p programming (OOP).
Structured programming language facilities program understanding and
modification, has a top down design approach where system divided into
compositional subsystem.

The characteristics of structured programming language are:

1.The code should be modular nature.

2.There should be a single entry or exits.

3.At least one construct for each sequence, condition.

14.What is preprocessor & header file:

Ans:

Preprocessor directive: The  Preprocessor directive is not a part of the

compiler, but is a separate step in the compilation process. In simple
terms, a Preprocessor directive is just a text substitution tool and it
instructs the compiler to do require pre-processing before the actual
compilation. All preprocessor commands begin with a hash symbol (#).a
preprocessor directive should begin in the first column. There are some
preprocessor directives given below –

1.#include

2.#define

3.#if

4.#else

5.#error

Header file: Header file is a file that contains function declaration and
macro definition for C in-built library functions. All C standard library
functions are declared in many header files which are saved as file
“name.h” .We are including these header files in our C program using
“#include <file_name.h>” command to make use of the functions those
are declared in the header files. When we include header files in our C
program using “#include <filename.h>” command, all C code of the
header files are included in C program. Then, this C program is compiled
by compiler and executed. There are some header file given below:

1.stdio.h
2.conio.h

3.math.h

4.string.h