Chapter 08 - DNA Replication, Binary Fission, and Mitosis

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Chapter 08
DNA Replication, Binary Fission, and Mitosis

Multiple Choice Questions

1. What molecule holds instructions for the synthesis of proteins and copies itself for the next
generation of cells?
A. ATP synthase
B. DNA
C. RNA
D. NAD
E. FAD

DNA carries the information to run a cell, so it must be copied before dividing cells. Please
see section 8.1 for more information.

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

Learning Outcome: 08.00.01 Explain how cells divide to give rise to identical cells.
Learning Outcome: 08.01.01 Identify the roles of mitosis, meiosis, and fertilization in the human life cycle.
Section: 08.01
Topic: DNA Replication

8-1
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Chapter 08 - DNA Replication, Binary Fission, and Mitosis

2. DNA's sugar-phosphate backbones are joined with

A. ionic bonds.
B. hydrogen bonds.
C. weak chemical bonds.
D. covalent bonds.
E. No answer is correct.

Phospahte molecules are connected by strong covalent bonds, while opposite tsrands of DNA
in a double helix are joined by hydrogen bonds. Please see section 8.2 for more information.

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

Learning Outcome: 08.02.01 Describe the steps of DNA replication and the function of enzymes in each step.
Section: 08.02
Topic: DNA Replication

8-2
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Chapter 08 - DNA Replication, Binary Fission, and Mitosis

3. Strands of DNA are joined by

A. hydrogen bonds.
B. covalent bonds.
C. ionic bonds.
D. phosphodiester bonds.

hydrogen bonds between paired bases on opposite DNA strands hold together the double
helix. Please see section 8.2 for more information.

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

Learning Outcome: 08.02.01 Describe the steps of DNA replication and the function of enzymes in each step.
Section: 08.02
Topic: DNA Replication

4. The genome of an organism is all of its

A. proteins.
B. RNA.
C. characteristics.
D. genetic material.
E. All answers are correct.

A genome is all of the DNA in one place, be it one cell, one nucleus, one mitochondrion.
Please see section 8.2 for more information.

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

Learning Outcome: 08.02.01 Describe the steps of DNA replication and the function of enzymes in each step.
Section: 08.02
Topic: DNA Replication

8-3
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Chapter 08 - DNA Replication, Binary Fission, and Mitosis

5. If you were watching a cell undergoing a doubling of the dna in its nucleus, you would be
observing
A. protein synthesis.
B. aerobic respiration.
C. replication.
D. substrate-phosphorylation.
E. photosynthesis.

DNA replication is the process of copying DNA before cell division. Please see sections 8.1
and 8.2 for more information.

Bloom's Level: 2. Understand

Learning Outcome: 08.00.01 Explain how cells divide to give rise to identical cells.
Learning Outcome: 08.01.01 Identify the roles of mitosis, meiosis, and fertilization in the human life cycle.
Learning Outcome: 08.02.01 Describe the steps of DNA replication and the function of enzymes in each step.
Section: 08.01
Section: 08.02
Topic: DNA Replication

6. The enzyme that unwinds DNA is

A. helicase.
B. interphase.
C. DNA polymerase.
D. prophase.
E. ligase.

helicase breaks apart the dna double helix to allow copying of the two strands. Please see
section 8.2 for more information.

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

Learning Outcome: 08.02.01 Describe the steps of DNA replication and the function of enzymes in each step.
Section: 08.02
Topic: DNA Replication

8-4
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Chapter 08 - DNA Replication, Binary Fission, and Mitosis

7. The enzyme that adds nucleotides to form new strands of DNA is

A. interphase.
B. prophase.
C. ligase.
D. helicase.
E. DNA polymerase.

DNA Polymerase is the enzyme which adds nucleotides to a growing strand of DNA. Please
see section 8.2 for more information.

Bloom's Level: 4. Analyze

Learning Outcome: 08.02.01 Describe the steps of DNA replication and the function of enzymes in each step.
Section: 08.02
Topic: DNA Replication

8. Mutations may be caused by

A. errors in prokaryotic replication.
B. exposure to radiation.
C. exposure to chemicals.
D. errors in eukaryotic replication.
E. All answers are correct.

When DNA Polymerase works, it makes errors, though rarely. These are mutations in the
DNA sequence copied. Please see section 8.2 for more information.

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

Learning Outcome: 08.02.01 Describe the steps of DNA replication and the function of enzymes in each step.
Section: 08.02
Topic: DNA Replication

8-5
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Chapter 08 - DNA Replication, Binary Fission, and Mitosis

9. Apoptosis is also called

A. replication.
B. mitosis.
C. programmed cell death.
D. the cell cycle.
E. programmed cellular reproduction.

Programmed cell death is a deliberate process which various organisms use for defense
against disease or for developmental purposes. Please see section 8.1 for more information.

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

Learning Outcome: 08.01.02 Define aptosis.
Section: 08.01
Topic: Apoptosis

10. To avoid serious genetic problems, when a cell is to divide, it must replicate
A. cytoplasmic contents.
B. cell membrane structure.
C. array of enzymes.
D. genome.
E. cell wall.

If a cell did not replicate its entire genome before dividing, at least one of the daughter cells
would be missing some of the parent cell's DNA. Please see section 8.5 for more information.

Bloom's Level: 2. Understand

Learning Outcome: 08.00.01 Explain how cells divide to give rise to identical cells.
Learning Outcome: 08.05.01 Explain what is happening in a eukaryotic cell at each stage of the cell cycle.
Section: 08.05
Topic: Cell Cycle
Topic: DNA Replication

8-6
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Chapter 08 - DNA Replication, Binary Fission, and Mitosis

11. A discrete package of DNA and associated proteins in eukaryotes is a

A. chromosome.
B. nucleus.
C. ribosome.
D. Golgi body.
E. centriole.

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

Learning Outcome: 08.04.01 Describe how DNA folds into a visible chromosome.
Section: 08.04

12. A nucleosome consists of

A. a stretch of DNA and histones.
B. a stretch of DNA only.
C. a stretch of RNA only.
D. a stretch of RNA and a ribosome.
E. histones only.

Nucleosomes are units of organization within the chromosomes consisting of both DNA and
protein. Please see section 8.4 for more information.

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

Learning Outcome: 08.04.01 Describe how DNA folds into a visible chromosome.
Section: 08.04
Topic: Chromosome Structure

8-7
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Chapter 08 - DNA Replication, Binary Fission, and Mitosis

13. Eukaryotic chromosomes become visible with a light microscope before cell division
because
A. they become less tightly wound.
B. they become more tightly wound.
C. they increase in length.
D. they leave the cell.
E. they increase in length and leave the cell.

Being more tightly wound means that the DNA and protein are more densely packed and
block more light in the microscope, increasing contrast. Please see section 8.4 for more
information.

Bloom's Level: 2. Understand

Learning Outcome: 08.00.01 Explain how cells divide to give rise to identical cells.
Learning Outcome: 08.04.01 Describe how DNA folds into a visible chromosome.
Section: 08.04
Topic: Chromosome Structure
Topic: Mitosis

14. One of two identical attached copies of a replicated chromosome defines the term
A. centromere.
B. chromatin.
C. chromosome.
D. nucleosome.
E. chromatid.

Chromosomes are separate physical units, while chromatids are attached copies of a
chromosome, not yet separated by cell division. Please see section 8.4 for more information.

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

Learning Outcome: 08.04.01 Describe how DNA folds into a visible chromosome.
Section: 08.04
Topic: Chromosome Structure

8-8
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Chapter 08 - DNA Replication, Binary Fission, and Mitosis

15. A part of a chromosome that attaches sister chromatids to each other defines the term
A. chromatin.
B. nucleosome.
C. centromere.
D. histone.
E. No answer is correct.

Sister chromatids attach at centromeres, and microtubules also attach there to separate copies
of chromosomes during mitosis. Please see section 8.4 for more information.

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

Learning Outcome: 08.04.01 Describe how DNA folds into a visible chromosome.
Section: 08.04
Topic: Chromosome Structure
Topic: Mitosis

16. "DNA and associated proteins in the nucleus" defines the term
A. centromere.
B. nucleosome.
C. histone.
D. chromatin.
E. chromosome.

Chromatin is DNA wrapped around proteins. Please see section 8.4 for more information.

Bloom's Level: 2. Understand

Learning Outcome: 08.00.01 Explain how cells divide to give rise to identical cells.
Learning Outcome: 08.04.01 Describe how DNA folds into a visible chromosome.
Section: 08.04
Topic: Chromosome Structure
Topic: Mitosis

8-9
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Chapter 08 - DNA Replication, Binary Fission, and Mitosis

17. If you were putting description on a model, you would put a card saying "a discrete
continuous molecule of DNA wrapped around protein" on a model of a
A. nucleosome.
B. chromosome.
C. centromere.
D. histone.
E. genome.

Chromosomes are long, single pieces of DNA wrapped around many proteins. Please see
section 8.4 for more information.

Bloom's Level: 3. Apply

Learning Outcome: 08.04.01 Describe how DNA folds into a visible chromosome.
Section: 08.04
Topic: Chromosome Structure

18. Sister chromatids are

A. genetically identical and attached to each other at the centromere.
B. genetically different and attached to each other at the centromere.
C. genetically different.
D. genetically identical.
E. attached to each other at the centromere.

Sister chromatids are the product of DNA replication and are separated during the M phase
of the cell cycle. Please see section 8.5 for more information.

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

Learning Outcome: 08.05.01 Explain what is happening in a eukaryotic cell at each stage of the cell cycle.
Section: 08.05
Topic: Cell Cycle
Topic: Mitosis

8-10
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Chapter 08 - DNA Replication, Binary Fission, and Mitosis

19. The process by which a sperm cell combines with an egg cell is
A. fertilization.
B. recombination.
C. replication.
D. mitosis.
E. germination.

Fertilization is needed to restore diploid chromosome numbers after meiosis reduces cells to
haploidy. Please see section 8.1 for more information.

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

Learning Outcome: 08.01.01 Identify the roles of mitosis, meiosis, and fertilization in the human life cycle.
Section: 08.01
Topic: Cell Cycle
Topic: Meiosis Versus Mitosis

20. You would not be observing mitosis through a microscope if you were looking at activity
designed for the
A. repair of damaged cells.
B. growth of an organism.
C. asexual reproduction.
D. formation of gametes.
E. production of genetically identical daughter cells.

Production of gametes, sex cells, rquires meiosis, reductive cell division, not mitosis. Please
see section 8.1 for more information.

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

Learning Outcome: 08.00.01 Explain how cells divide to give rise to identical cells.
Learning Outcome: 08.01.01 Identify the roles of mitosis, meiosis, and fertilization in the human life cycle.
Section: 08.01
Topic: Meiosis Versus Mitosis
Topic: Mitosis

8-11
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Chapter 08 - DNA Replication, Binary Fission, and Mitosis

21. Meiosis is a process used for

A. repair of damaged cells.
B. growth of an organism.
C. asexual reproduction.
D. production of stem cells.
E. production of gametes.

Meiosis reduces the normal diploidy of a cell to haploidy, making sex cells appropriate for
the purpose of fusion with another sex cell. Please see section 8.1 for more information.

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

Learning Outcome: 08.01.01 Identify the roles of mitosis, meiosis, and fertilization in the human life cycle.
Section: 08.01
Topic: Meiosis Versus Mitosis

22. The two main stages of the eukaryotic cell cycle are
A. interphase and cytokinesis.
B. interphase and mitosis.
C. mitosis and cytokinesis.
D. interphase and prophase.
E. mitosis and meiosis.

Interphase finds cells quite busy, but not at a visible level, while mitosis contains the visible
steps in separating two daughter cells. Please see section 8.5 for more information.

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

Learning Outcome: 08.00.01 Explain how cells divide to give rise to identical cells.
Learning Outcome: 08.05.01 Explain what is happening in a eukaryotic cell at each stage of the cell cycle.
Section: 08.05
Topic: Cell Cycle

8-12
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Chapter 08 - DNA Replication, Binary Fission, and Mitosis

23. The splitting of a cell into two daughter cells in the eukaryotic cell cycle is
A. mitosis.
B. interphase.
C. cytokinesis.
D. metaphase.
E. anaphase.

When a cell divides into two, the physical split, rather than the separation of daughter nuclei,
is called cytokinesis. Please see section 8.5 for more information.

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

Learning Outcome: 08.00.01 Explain how cells divide to give rise to identical cells.
Learning Outcome: 08.05.01 Explain what is happening in a eukaryotic cell at each stage of the cell cycle.
Section: 08.05
Topic: Cell Cycle
Topic: Cell Division (Eukaryotes)

24. The division of the nucleus during the eukaryotic cell cycle is
A. mitosis.
B. interphase.
C. synthesis.
D. cytokinesis.
E. replication.

Mitosis is when two daughter nuclei are formed at the end of the separation of duplicated
copies of the parent cell's chromsomes. Please see section 8.5 for more information.

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

Learning Outcome: 08.00.01 Explain how cells divide to give rise to identical cells.
Learning Outcome: 08.05.01 Explain what is happening in a eukaryotic cell at each stage of the cell cycle.
Section: 08.05
Topic: Cell Cycle
Topic: Cell Division (Eukaryotes)

8-13
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Chapter 08 - DNA Replication, Binary Fission, and Mitosis

25. You are told that you will receive an automatic "A" in your course if you look in a drawer
marked with a part of the cell cycle most clearly associated with DNA replication and find a
special token. Therefore you look in a drawer containing items related to
A. mitosis.
B. cytokinesis.
C. prophase.
D. telophase.
E. interphase.

Though there are not the vivid visual steps seen in mitosis, interphase still includes vigorous
biochemical activity, such as DNA replication. Please see section 8.5 for more information.

Bloom's Level: 3. Apply

Learning Outcome: 08.00.01 Explain how cells divide to give rise to identical cells.
Learning Outcome: 08.05.01 Explain what is happening in a eukaryotic cell at each stage of the cell cycle.
Section: 08.05
Topic: Cell Cycle
Topic: DNA Replication

26. The correct sequence for the phases of the eukaryotic cell cycle is
A. interphase—prophase—metaphase—anaphase—telophase—cytokinesis.
B. interphase—metaphase—anaphase—telophase.
C. prophase—anaphase—metaphase—telophase.
D. interphase—prophase—cytokinesis—anaphase—telophase.
E. metaphase—anaphase—interphase—prophase—telophase—cytokinesis.

The phases of the cell cycle move the cell from one parent cell to two daughter cells, each
with the same set of chromosomes. Please see section 8.5 for more information.

Bloom's Level: 3. Apply

Learning Outcome: 08.00.01 Explain how cells divide to give rise to identical cells.
Learning Outcome: 08.05.02 Diagram and identify the phases in mitosis.
Section: 08.05
Topic: Mitosis

8-14
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Chapter 08 - DNA Replication, Binary Fission, and Mitosis

27. The correct sequence for the phases of mitosis is

A. interphase—prophase—metaphase—anaphase—telophase—cytokinesis.
B. interphase—prophase—metaphase—anaphase—telophase.
C. metaphase—anaphase—prophase—telophase.
D. prophase—metaphase—cytokinesis—anaphase—telophase.
E. prophase—metaphase—anaphase—telophase.

The phases of mitosis are the various steps involved in separating copies of chromosomes
into two new nuclei. Please see section 8.5 for more information.

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

Learning Outcome: 08.00.01 Explain how cells divide to give rise to identical cells.
Learning Outcome: 08.05.02 Diagram and identify the phases in mitosis.
Section: 08.05
Topic: Cell Cycle
Topic: Mitosis

28. The component of the cytoskeleton that attaches to the chromosomes to separate them
during anaphase is the
A. Golgi apparatus.
B. centromere.
C. centrosome.
D. mitotic spindle.
E. kinetochore.

Microtubules appear and grip the center of chromsomes so that sister chromatids can be
pulled to opposite new nuclei starting in anaphase. Please see section 8.5 for more
information.

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

Learning Outcome: 08.00.01 Explain how cells divide to give rise to identical cells.
Learning Outcome: 08.05.02 Diagram and identify the phases in mitosis.
Section: 08.05
Topic: Cell Division (Eukaryotes)
Topic: Mitosis

8-15
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Chapter 08 - DNA Replication, Binary Fission, and Mitosis

29. In early stages of mitosis, a structure appears and functions to organize the protein
subunits of the mitotic spindle. This is the
A. centromere.
B. kinetochore.
C. centrosome.
D. cytoskeleton.
E. microfilaments.

Centrosomes organize and nucleate the microtubules of the spindle and so are critical for
separating sister chromatids. Please see section 8.5 for more information.

Bloom's Level: 2. Understand

Learning Outcome: 08.00.01 Explain how cells divide to give rise to identical cells.
Learning Outcome: 08.05.01 Explain what is happening in a eukaryotic cell at each stage of the cell cycle.
Learning Outcome: 08.05.02 Diagram and identify the phases in mitosis.
Section: 08.05
Topic: Cell Cycle
Topic: Mitosis

30. The phase of mitosis in which the centromeres split and sister chromatids are pulled to
opposite poles of the cell is
A. prophase.
B. anaphase.
C. interphase.
D. metaphase.
E. telophase.

Anaphase comes late in mitosis, after chromosomes have lined up in the center of the cell but
before the reappearance of the nuclear envelope. Please see section 8.5 for more information.

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

Learning Outcome: 08.05.01 Explain what is happening in a eukaryotic cell at each stage of the cell cycle.
Learning Outcome: 08.05.02 Diagram and identify the phases in mitosis.
Section: 08.05
Topic: Cell Cycle
Topic: Mitosis

8-16
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Chapter 08 - DNA Replication, Binary Fission, and Mitosis

31. The phase of mitosis in which the chromosomes are aligned along the equator of the cell
is
A. metaphase.
B. prophase.
C. interphase.
D. anaphase.
E. telophase.

In metaphase, the chromosomes are lined up by the spindle. Please see section 8.5 for more
information.

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

Learning Outcome: 08.05.01 Explain what is happening in a eukaryotic cell at each stage of the cell cycle.
Learning Outcome: 08.05.02 Diagram and identify the phases in mitosis.
Section: 08.05
Topic: Cell Cycle
Topic: Mitosis

32. The phase of mitosis in which the chromosomes condense and centrosomes move to
opposite poles of the cell is
A. interphase.
B. metaphase.
C. prophase.
D. anaphase.
E. telophase.

Prophase is a phase when the cell prepares to line up chromosomes. Please see section 8.5
for more information.

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

Learning Outcome: 08.05.01 Explain what is happening in a eukaryotic cell at each stage of the cell cycle.
Learning Outcome: 08.05.02 Diagram and identify the phases in mitosis.
Section: 08.05
Topic: Cell Cycle
Topic: Mitosis

8-17
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Chapter 08 - DNA Replication, Binary Fission, and Mitosis

33. The first sign of cytokinesis in an animal cell is the formation of a

A. cell plate.
B. cleavage furrow.
C. cell wall.
D. nucleolus.
E. nuclear envelope.

Animal cells divide by pinching in the center until the two daughter cells each have a
complete and separate membrane. Please see section 8.5 for more information.

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

Learning Outcome: 08.05.01 Explain what is happening in a eukaryotic cell at each stage of the cell cycle.
Section: 08.05
Topic: Cell Cycle
Topic: Cell Division (Eukaryotes)

34. In an asexual life cycle, cells reproduce by

A. meiosis.
B. fertilization.
C. meiosis and fertilization.
D. mitosis.
E. All answers are correct.

Asexually-reproducing eukaryotes use only mitosis to produce more cells and new
individuals. Please see section 8.1 for more information.

Bloom's Level: 2. Understand

Learning Outcome: 08.00.01 Explain how cells divide to give rise to identical cells.
Learning Outcome: 08.01.01 Identify the roles of mitosis, meiosis, and fertilization in the human life cycle.
Section: 08.01
Topic: Cell Cycle
Topic: Cell Division (Eukaryotes)

8-18
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Chapter 08 - DNA Replication, Binary Fission, and Mitosis

35. In a sexual life cycle, a zygote (fertilized egg) grows to an adult by

A. meiosis.
B. fertilization.
C. meiosis and fertilization.
D. mitosis.
E. All answers are correct.

In a sexually reproducing anial, mitosis is still important for increases in cell number and
organism size. Please see section 8.1 for more information.

Bloom's Level: 2. Understand

Learning Outcome: 08.00.01 Explain how cells divide to give rise to identical cells.
Learning Outcome: 08.01.01 Identify the roles of mitosis, meiosis, and fertilization in the human life cycle.
Section: 08.01
Topic: Cell Cycle
Topic: Cell Division (Eukaryotes)

36. How does the space between our fingers arise?

A. The cells form by apoptosis.
B. Mitosis of the cells is blocked.
C. The cells die by apoptosis.
D. Meiosis of the cells is blocked.
E. The cells become part of the fingers.

In the womb, human fingers are attached by tissue, but these attachments normally are lost
via apoptosis before birth. Please see section 8.1 for more information.

Bloom's Level: 2. Understand

Learning Outcome: 08.01.02 Define aptosis.
Section: 08.01
Topic: Apoptosis

8-19
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Chapter 08 - DNA Replication, Binary Fission, and Mitosis

37. If one strand of a DNA molecule has the base sequence of 5' ATGTGCC 3' the
complementary strand of DNA will read
A. 3' ATGTGCC 5'.
B. 3' TACACGG 5'.
C. 3' UACACGG 5'.
D. 3' CGTGTAA 5'.
E. 3' GGCACAT 5'.

DNA sequence complementation allows one strand to be used to predict the sequence of a
newly synthesized strand. Please see section 8.2 for more information.

Bloom's Level: 3. Apply

Learning Outcome: 08.00.01 Explain how cells divide to give rise to identical cells.
Learning Outcome: 08.02.01 Describe the steps of DNA replication and the function of enzymes in each step.
Section: 08.02
Topic: DNA Replication

38. When DNA replicates

A. the original DNA is not affected and a new double-stranded DNA is made from two new
strands of DNA.
B. one strand of the original DNA ends up in each of the new DNA molecules.
C. the original DNA unwinds, and multiple copies of a region are transcribed before the
DNA closes back up.
D. transcription factors determine where to begin DNA replication.
E. a cell that was diploid (2N) will now be tetraploid (4N).

DNA replication is semiconservative. Please see section 8.2 for more information.

Bloom's Level: 2. Understand

Learning Outcome: 08.02.02 Explain what features of DNA allow semiconservative replication to occur.
Section: 08.02
Topic: DNA Replication

8-20
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Chapter 08 - DNA Replication, Binary Fission, and Mitosis

39. The chemotherapy drug taxol inhibits microtubule function. A cell treated with taxol
would become stuck in which phase?
A. prophase
B. metaphase
C. anaphase
D. telophase
E. cytokinesis

After prophase, microtubules must form to align and then spearate chromosomes. Please see
section 8.6 for more information.

Bloom's Level: 3. Apply

Learning Outcome: 08.06.02 Describe the most common treatments for cancer.
Section: 08.06
Topic: Cancer

40. Bypassing a checkpoint in the cell cycle may result in a cancer cell
A. dividing after mutations are fixed.
B. continuing to divide and replicate with faulty DNA.
C. condensing its chromosomes before mitosis.
D. aligning chromosomes on the equator of the cell during metaphase.
E. pulling chromosomes apart during anaphase.

Checkpoints are normally responsible to prevent the formation of too many cells too quickly,
which is what happens when the checkpoints fail and cancer begins. Please see section 8.6
for more information.

Bloom's Level: 3. Apply

Learning Outcome: 08.06.01 Explain how cell cycle checkpoints relate to cancer.
Section: 08.06
Topic: Cancer
Topic: Cell Cycle

8-21
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Chapter 08 - DNA Replication, Binary Fission, and Mitosis

41. What hypothesis were the researchers testing by treating tumors with endostatin and a
standard chemotherapy drug?
A. Endostatin works on endothelial cells, and therefore natural selection for resistance will
not occur in tumor cells.
B. Endostatin works on tumor cells, and therefore natural selection for resistance will not
occur in endothelial cells.
C. The standard chemotherapy drug works on endothelial cells, and therefore natural
selection for resistance will not occur in tumor cells.
D. The standard chemotherapy drug works on tumor cells, and therefore natural selection for
resistance will not occur in endothelial cells.
E. No answer is correct.

Using endostatin to cut blood supply to growing cancers should stop their growth. Please see
section 8.6 and "Investigating Life" for more information.

Bloom's Level: 4. Analyze

Learning Outcome: 08.06.02 Describe the most common treatments for cancer.
Section: 08.06
Topic: Cancer
Type: Investigating Life

8-22
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Chapter 08 - DNA Replication, Binary Fission, and Mitosis

8-23
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Chapter 08 - DNA Replication, Binary Fission, and Mitosis

42. In the section "Investigating Life: Cutting Off a Tumor’s Supply Lines in the War on
Cancer," what is the dependent variable in the figure?
A. Volume of the tumor in humans.
B. Treatment days.
C. Treatment with endostatin.
D. Treatment with standard chemotherapy drug.
E. The volume of the tumor in mice.

Tumor volume should decrease with blood supply to it. Please see section 8.6 and
"Investigating Life" for more information.

Bloom's Level: 2. Understand

Learning Outcome: 08.06.02 Describe the most common treatments for cancer.
Section: 08.06
Topic: Cancer
Type: Investigating Life

43. In the section "Investigating Life: Cutting Off a Tumor’s Supply Lines in the War on
Cancer," what did the researchers conclude from part a. of the figure?
A. Endostatin shrank tumors but resistance developed.
B. The standard chemotherapy drug delayed the growth of tumors without development of
resistance.
C. Endostatin shrank tumors without development of resistance.
D. The standard chemotherapy drug delayed the growth of tumors but resistance developed.
E. Tumors in untreated cells shrank in size.

Bloom's Level: 2. Understand

Section: 08.07
Type: Investigating Life

8-24
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Chapter 08 - DNA Replication, Binary Fission, and Mitosis

44. Endostatin is a 184-amino acid protein that only affects endothelial cells for what reason?

A. Endothelial cells produce endostatin.

B. Endostatin can diffuse across the membrane of endothelial cells.
C. Only endothelial cells are exposed to endostatin.
D. Endothelial cells have a receptor on their cell membrane for endostatin.
E. Endostatin enters endothelial cells by endocytosis.

Endostatin can only affect cells which have a recptor for its binding. Please see section 8.6
and "Investigating Life" for more information.

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

Learning Outcome: 08.06.02 Describe the most common treatments for cancer.
Section: 08.06
Topic: Cancer
Type: Investigating Life

True / False Questions

45. Each newly replicated molecule of DNA contains one conserved strand from the original
DNA molecule.
TRUE

DNA replication is semiconservative, with one strand of each new double helix coming from
preexisting strands and the other being newly synthesized. Please see section 8.2 for more
information.

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

Learning Outcome: 08.02.02 Explain what features of DNA allow semiconservative replication to occur.
Section: 08.02
Topic: DNA Replication

8-25
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Chapter 08 - DNA Replication, Binary Fission, and Mitosis

46. During cytokinesis of a plant cell, the cell divides by forming a cleavage furrow.
FALSE

Plant cells' walls prevent their having a cleavage furrow, so a cell plate forms instead. Please
see section 8.5 for more information.

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

Learning Outcome: 08.05.01 Explain what is happening in a eukaryotic cell at each stage of the cell cycle.
Section: 08.05
Topic: Cell Division (Eukaryotes)

47. During the cell cycle there are several checkpoints that ensure that the cell cycle is
proceeding correctly.
TRUE

Cell cycle checkpoints assure that the right number of cells are made and that each step of the
cell cycle is correctly completed before proceeding to the next step. Please see section 8.6 for
more information.

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

Learning Outcome: 08.06.01 Explain how cell cycle checkpoints relate to cancer.
Section: 08.06
Topic: Cancer
Topic: Cell Cycle

48. An abnormal mass of tissue is a tumor.

TRUE

Tumors are the result of uncontrolled cancerous cell division. Please see section 8.6 for more
information.

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

Learning Outcome: 08.06.01 Explain how cell cycle checkpoints relate to cancer.
Section: 08.06
Topic: Cancer
Topic: Cell Cycle

8-26
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Chapter 08 - DNA Replication, Binary Fission, and Mitosis

49. If a cancer metastasizes, its cells travel through the blood stream and colonize other areas
of the body.
TRUE

Metastasis makes cancer much more likely to be fatal and much harder to treat. Please see
section 8.6 for more information.

Bloom's Level: 2. Understand

Learning Outcome: 08.06.01 Explain how cell cycle checkpoints relate to cancer.
Section: 08.06
Topic: Cancer
Topic: Cell Cycle

Multiple Choice Questions

50. An asexual process used by prokaryotes in which replicated DNA and other cell parts are
distributed into two daughter cells is called
A. mitosis.
B. binary fusion.
C. daughter cell duplication.
D. binary fission.
E. conjugation.

"Binary fission" implies a splitting into two pieces. Please see section 8.3 for more
information.

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

Learning Outcome: 08.00.01 Explain how cells divide to give rise to identical cells.
Learning Outcome: 08.03.01 Describe the events of binary fission in prokaryotic cells.
Section: 08.03
Topic: Cell Division (Prokaryotes)

8-27
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Chapter 08 - DNA Replication, Binary Fission, and Mitosis

51. Which of the following is correct about both binary fission and mitosis?
A. Both are asexual forms of cell reproduction.
B. Both result in genetically identical cells.
C. Both replicate the DNA before the cell splits.
D. Both result in two daughter cells.
E. All answers are correct.

Binary fission and mitosis both involve splitting of chromosome copies unaffected by
meiosis into usually identical daughter cells. Please see section 8.3 for more information.

Bloom's Level: 3. Apply

Learning Outcome: 08.03.01 Describe the events of binary fission in prokaryotic cells.
Section: 08.03
Topic: Cell Division (Eukaryotes)
Topic: Cell Division (Prokaryotes)

52. Which of the following is correct about both binary fission and meiosis?
A. Both result in genetically identical cells.
B. Both result in one daughter cell.
C. Both are asexual forms of cell reproduction.
D. Both replicate the DNA before the cell splits.
E. All answers are correct.

Though they occur in very different organisms, binary fission and meiosis both start with
replicated DNA. Please see section 8.3 for more information.

Bloom's Level: 3. Apply

Learning Outcome: 08.03.01 Describe the events of binary fission in prokaryotic cells.
Section: 08.03
Topic: Cell Division (Eukaryotes)
Topic: Cell Division (Prokaryotes)
Topic: DNA Replication

8-28
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Chapter 08 - DNA Replication, Binary Fission, and Mitosis

53. Binary fission produces ______ cells, mitosis produces ______ cells, and meiosis
produces ______ cells.
A. prokaryotic; eukaryotic body; eukaryotic sex
B. genetic; body; sex
C. eukaryotic; prokaryotic body; prokaryotic sex
D. genetically different; genetically identical; genetically different
E. genetically identical; genetically different; genetically identical

Prokaryotes and eukaryotes have a range cell division types and purposes for those divisions.
Please see section 8.3 for more information.

Bloom's Level: 2. Understand

Learning Outcome: 08.03.01 Describe the events of binary fission in prokaryotic cells.
Section: 08.03
Topic: Cell Division (Eukaryotes)
Topic: Cell Division (Prokaryotes)

True / False Questions

54. Bacteria and archaeans do not receive new genetic material from binary fission, but from
mutations and gene transfers.
TRUE

Binary fission is intended to produce two identical daughter cells. Please see section 8.3 for
more information.

Bloom's Level: 2. Understand

Learning Outcome: 08.03.01 Describe the events of binary fission in prokaryotic cells.
Section: 08.03
Topic: Cell Division (Prokaryotes)

8-29
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Chapter 08 - DNA Replication, Binary Fission, and Mitosis

Multiple Choice Questions

A B C D

8-30
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McGraw-Hill Education.
Chapter 08 - DNA Replication, Binary Fission, and Mitosis

E F G

8-31
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McGraw-Hill Education.
Chapter 08 - DNA Replication, Binary Fission, and Mitosis

55. The plant cell in the image labeled "A" is in the cell cycle stage
A. interphase.
B. prophase.
C. anaphase.
D. telophase.
E. metaphase.

Interphase is the time for DNA replication. Please see section 8.5 for more information.

Bloom's Level: 3. Apply

Learning Outcome: 08.05.02 Diagram and identify the phases in mitosis.
Section: 08.05
Topic: Cell Division (Eukaryotes)
Topic: Mitosis

56. The plant cell in the image labeled "B" is in the cell cycle stage
A. interphase.
B. telophase.
C. anaphase.
D. metaphase.
E. prophase.

Prophase is the first phase of mitosis with visible changes to cells. Please see section 8.5 for
more information.

Bloom's Level: 3. Apply

Learning Outcome: 08.05.02 Diagram and identify the phases in mitosis.
Section: 08.05

8-32
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Chapter 08 - DNA Replication, Binary Fission, and Mitosis

57. The plant cell in the image labeled "D" is in the cell cycle stage
A. metaphase.
B. anaphase.
C. prophase.
D. telophase.
E. interphase.

Metaphase is the middle stage of mitosis. Please see section 8.5 for more information.

Bloom's Level: 3. Apply

Learning Outcome: 08.05.02 Diagram and identify the phases in mitosis.
Section: 08.05

58. Which of the following does not increase the risk for developing cancer?
A. vigorous exercise
B. poor diet
C. mutated genes
D. sun exposure
E. tobacco

Many things can increase the chance an individual will develop cancer, but vigorous
exercise usually helps protect against several health risks. Please see section 8.6 for more
information.

Bloom's Level: 3. Apply

Learning Outcome: 08.06.03 List some of the factors that increase the risk for developing cancer.
Section: 08.06
Topic: Cancer

8-33
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Chapter 08 - DNA Replication, Binary Fission, and Mitosis

True / False Questions

59. Some risk of cancer comes from genetic issues.

TRUE

Somme risk of cancer can come from defective genes, such as those involved in cell cycle
checkpoints. Please see section 8.6 for more information.

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

Learning Outcome: 08.06.03 List some of the factors that increase the risk for developing cancer.
Section: 08.06
Topic: Cancer

60. Exposure to UV radiation from the sun can increase the risk of caner.
TRUE

UV radiation damages DNA, so excess exposure to sunlight can lead to DNA damage and
cancer. Please see section 8.6 for more information.

Multiple Choice Questions

61. Which is the cause of cervical cancer?

A. human papilloma virus
B. UV radiation
C. dietary saturated fat
D. tobacco use
E. All answers are correct.

Human papilloma virus, transmitted by sexual contact, causes HPV. Abstinence is the best
prevention since viral particles can fit though many of the pores in barrier devices like
condoms. Please see section 8.6 for more information.

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

Learning Outcome: 08.06.03 List some of the factors that increase the risk for developing cancer.
Section: 08.06
Topic: Cancer

8-34
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Chapter 08 - DNA Replication, Binary Fission, and Mitosis

62. If you wanted to avoid lung cancer, what would be the best factor to avoid?
A. human papilloma virus
B. UV radiation
C. dietary saturated fat
D. tobacco use
E. All answers are correct.

Human papilloma virus, transmitted by sexual contact, causes HPV. Abstinence is the best
prevention since viral particles can fit though many of the pores in barrier devices like
condoms. Please see section 8.6 for more information.

Bloom's Level: 2. Understand

Learning Outcome: 08.06.03 List some of the factors that increase the risk for developing cancer.
Section: 08.06
Topic: Cancer

True / False Questions

63. A mutation in a gene controlling a cell cycle checkpoint could pose a signifnicant risk of
cancer.
TRUE

Since cell cycle checkpoints are critical for avoiding cancer, a mutation in one such gene
might disable the checkpoint and allow cancer to grow. Please see section 8.6 for more
information.

Bloom's Level: 2. Understand

Learning Outcome: 08.06.01 Explain how cell cycle checkpoints relate to cancer.
Section: 08.06
Topic: Cancer
Topic: Cell Cycle

8-35
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Chapter 08 - DNA Replication, Binary Fission, and Mitosis

64. Semiconservative DNA replication comes from the basepairing that is part of the basic
structure of the DNA double helix.
TRUE

DNA basepairing means that it is easy to first copy a strand to make a new double helix and
then to keep the one new and one old strand together. Please see section 8.2 for more
information.

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

Learning Outcome: 08.02.02 Explain what features of DNA allow semiconservative replication to occur.
Section: 08.02
Topic: DNA Replication

65. Apoptosis could explain the death of lines of cells in palm leaves that lead to separate
"fingers" in the structure of those leaves.
TRUE

Palm leaves do indeed use apoptosis to help form their compound leaves. Please see section
8.1 for more information.

Bloom's Level: 3. Apply

Learning Outcome: 08.02.02 Explain what features of DNA allow semiconservative replication to occur.
Section: 08.02
Topic: Apoptosis

8-36
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Chapter 08 - DNA Replication, Binary Fission, and Mitosis

Multiple Choice Questions

66. Apoptosis could be used to protect an organism against

A. excessive DNA damage.
B. excess fat in the diet.
C. allergens.
D. a family history of cancer.
E. No answer is correct.

Apoptosis could be used to eliminate cells too badly damaged for repair. Please see section
8.1 for more information.

Bloom's Level: 2. Understand

Learning Outcome: 08.02.02 Explain what features of DNA allow semiconservative replication to occur.
Topic: Apoptosis

True / False Questions

67. Apoptosis could be used to limit the spread of an intracellular disease-causing agent by
isolating it with dead cells.
TRUE

Apoptosis is in fact used by plants for this purpose, to limit the spread of viruses from cell to
cell. Please see section 8.1 for more information.

Bloom's Level: 2. Understand

Learning Outcome: 08.01.02 Define aptosis.
Section: 08.01
Topic: Apoptosis

8-37
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Chapter 08 - DNA Replication, Binary Fission, and Mitosis

68. No real risk of cancer comes from an organism's environment.

TRUE

Some risk of cancer can come from various environmental sources, such as agricultural
chemicals. Please see section 8.6 for more information.

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

Learning Outcome: 08.06.03 List some of the factors that increase the risk for developing cancer.
Section: 08.06
Topic: Cancer

8-38
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McGraw-Hill Education.