.

*1 l
,t
I'i
13 TRIBHUVAN UNIVERSITY
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING
Examination Control Division Programme i BEL, BEX, BCT
Year/Part iIII/I
-?HlAplsi:
S ubi e ct : - Itttlq*9ltqtio{I_ (H!92

practicable'
Candipates are required to give their answers in their own words as far as
Anen{pt All questions.
Thef.gures in the margin indicste Full Marks.
Assume suitable data if necessory.

1. What do you mean by interfacing? A RAM chip of 512 bytes is given for interfacing
a)
with B0g5 microprocessor systeri. Design an address decoding hardware for the same. [1+3]
b) What is an intemrpt driven data uansfer? Explain the operation of intemrpt driven
data transfer with flowchart of intemrpt subrouiine and main prograillme
sequence. [1+5]
2. AID converter requires signal to start the conversion and indicates with
the end of
conversion signal. 8255t PPI is interfaced with 8085 microprocessors at 80H.
Microprocessor reads 8-bits OIP data of the ADC at port A and display the same data to
eight iED's connected at port B of 8255A. State any assumptions made.
a) Identify the address captured by the cmd tu
b) Determine the necessary control words tzt
c) Draw the schematic interfacing circuit t21
d) Write a program to perform the operation t3l
3. a) What is the importance of RS232-C in serial communication? Determine the time
required to transmit a string: "Life is beautiful." using asynchronorrs serial data
transfer method in baud rate of 4800 Baud. Suppose a character has 7 bits data, one
bit start bit, one bit stop bit and one bit bit.
p*ity [2+4]
"nett
b) Differentiate between USB 1.0 and USB 2.0. tU
4. Interface a l0-bit DAC with 8255 PPI and 8085 CPU rurudngat2 MHz. Write an
ALP to
generate a triangular wave of frequency 500 Hz using the same interfacing circuit. The
i*ptitoar of thJtriangular wave should be +5V. t8l
5. a) ,In satellite corlmunication the uplink frequency and downlink frequency are

different.' Why? Explain the Bluetooth network topology, [1+3]

With the block diagram describe the
b) Compare data archiving and data storage.
characteristics of data logger. [1+4]

6. Explain different types of filtering based on frequency, mode (common and differential)
and amplitude (surgl suppression). t6l
7. While selecting a processor for an embedded system product, you have to specifr the
performanc", nu*6", of peripherals functions, memory and tool support to determine the
appropriate processor for the product. As a system designer, prwide a technical
each of these factors required to achieve the proper funetional design' t6l
"rpt*utioofor
g. What are general guidelines to avoid the crosstalk while routing signal traces on Printed
Circuit Board? Wliat are the problems due to impedance mismatch? 14+21

g. what is software reliability? compare waterfall and prototyping model. Describe

Ernbedded and Real Time Software. [2+3+3]

10. Answer the following questio.ns with regard to your case study.
a)
' Design a proposed system using microprocessor/microcontroller inputloutput devices,
interfacirrg pio"esr, tommunication protocols, data converters and handshake signals
with neatly labeled block diagram. t6l
that mieht occur after implementing the
 13 TRIBHUVAN UNIVERSITY
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING
Examination Control Division
2074 Chaitta

Subiect: - Instrumentation tI lE4!9?)

Z Ca"did;6ffi;ediied to give their answers in their own words as far as practicable.
{ Attempt All questions-
,/ Thefigures in the margin tndicate Full Marks.
'/ Assume suitable dota if necessary.

1. a) Describe various well-known techniques while interfacing an IIO device with a

personnel comPuter sYstem. t3l
b) Differentiate I/O maPPed VO and memory mapped I/O with suitable examples. How
can you generate I/O maPPed and memory mapped signals using IOA4, RD and WR
signals? tsl
2. Explain the different schemes of parallel data transfer with suitable timing diagram'
Explain the functional block diagram of 82554 PPI with neat diagram [4+4]
a
J. a) Describe the various error detection techniques used in serial data transmission. t3l
bj Explain the functions of USB Host, USB Hub and USB Device. Discuss different
packets used in USB Protocol. t5l
4. S&at are the different types dynamic errors in ADC and DAC? What will be the control
wor6 for interfacing as shown figure below? Also write the subroutine program to read
the digital data from ADC. [4+61

CI.K lftt
il'S
Vinl+;
rfint_l

AG$IS
Vreff;Z
,ilI GNTI
itNTfi
-

5. Expiain the advantages of optical fiber over copper wire? Explain each block of data
logger. 12+61

5. a) Wirat are the different noise coupling mechanism? t3l

b) I{ow'canyou reduce the conductive noise coupling? Explain in detail. t3l
7. \V[at are general approaclres of establishing requirements for circuit design? What are the
two factors that drive reliability of a product? [4+2]
8. Poor circuit layout and signal propagating principle may cause many problems in the
circuit operation, manufacturing ease and probability of design elrors. What factors will
yo.t consider while routing the signal traces on PCB. t6]
q Expiain Prototyping Model for software developrnerit in brief. Explain different phases of
inti'oduction of bugs in software. [3+5]
i0. Describe the different processing plants that you have studied in case study. With neat
further improvement of these plants can
 tt
22 . Tft.IBHUVAN UNIVERSITY
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING Full Marks 80
':.* Examination Control Division BEL, BEX, BCT
***- 32
;'" 2074 Ashwin m i"i-^

Sabject: - Instrumentation U (EX602)

r' Candidates are required to give their answers in their own words as far as practicable.
'/ Attempt 4!!qwestions.
{ Thefigures in tlte margin indicate F.gE Marks.
,/ Assume suitable data if necessary.

(l) Ifthe spoeds ofllO dEvices do not match the speed ofthe microprocessor, what types ofdata transfer techniques are
used? Describe them with necessary block diagrams and control signals. t6I

Q\ A microprocessor kit has an onboard 8255. Interface to the 8255 eight single-pole-double-throw (SPDT) switches
numbered S0 to S? and a seven segment common anode LED display. Draw the complete circuit setup. Define
clearly the functions of al! ports, write a program to initialize 8255, detect a switch closure, and display the value of
the switch number on the LED display. {8} '

-) (a) Explain the design of a USB to RS-232 adapter with the aid of a neat circuit diagranr, appropriate voltige translation
'\--/ - chips, andnecesiary handshakelcontrol signals. t6]
(b) What is the time required for transmission of a charaoter with one start bit, seven data bits, one parity bit, and one
stop bit with 1200 baud? I2l
(4) The data converter that is being used in your project is suffering from differontial nonlinearity and harmonic
distortion. Instead ofpurchasing a new converter, you are required to use the defertive converter. Discuss technical
measrres that can be implemented to mitigate the aforementioned enors. t6l

(5) Sigrrals from ttree different transducsrs need to be recorded in a data togger. The analog signals supplied by the three
transducers are dual polarity (- 50 mV to 50 mV) having frequencies of 5 KHa l0 KHz and 15 KHz Explain the
design ofthe following stages of the data logger:
(a) Input scanner stage of the data logger such that it can appropriately sample the incoming signals t3]
(b) Signal conditioner stage if the 8-bit A,v
ADC u)cu lrr)rss the
used inside data rvg'cr
rrrs ua,o accepts only
logger cvvePrr Pvrr'Y! polarity
urrr)' positive Pvrs*J'Srrsrr
signah
fanglngfrOm0VoltStOsvOltS. t3l

(6) Explain the mechanism of filtering line noise with the aid of chokes. How does a choke differentiate bctween the
signal that it needs to pass and the noise that it needs to srrppress? Describe the circumstances where chokes are
prefened over othernoise filtering approaches. t8]

During circuit design proc€ss, what are some general technical^dilemmas UV engineers? Explain how an
-,) engineer can anive at an optimal solution given the requirements of a customer?
P*uO
tSl

(8) (a) In a multi-layer PCB, describe how grounding is performed and how coupling amongst the layers is minimized. t4l
(b) A faulty computer srotherboard has severe clock jitter. The crystal producing the clock pulses is functioning
properly, but clock signals arriving at various motherboard chips suffer from jitter, Dlscuss the source of the problem
and provide some remedies. t4l

(9) (a) Discuss the shortcomings of existing soft\a,are development models, and suggest m€asures to overcome them. I5l
O) The testing tim€ fdr software cannot be too long yet software needs to be thoroughly tested before it can be
commercialized. Explain how this paradox is overcome in a real'world software development environment. tS]
(10) Answer the following questions with regard to your ca.se study:
(a) Discuss the main architectural differences between the existing system and the proposed system. {21
(b) Does your proposed system use a microcontroller or a microprocessor? Justiff your choice, and make a neatly [3]
labeled block diagram of your proposed system.
(c) In your proposed s),stem, explain in detail the interfacing process of peripheral deviQes with the microcontroller or [5J
miooprocessor in terms of data format, data rate, data converters, communication protocols, timing diagrams, and
handshaking signals,
(d) List the technical drawbaclcs present in your proposed design. 12l
,
TRIBHUVAN UNIVERSITY
Full Marks i 80
INSTTTUTE OF ENGINEERING
Examination Control Division Timc 1 3 hrs._i
2073 Shrawan

Subiect: - Insffumentation II l4M

Candidates are required to give their answers in their -
own words as far as practicable'
Anempt AUquestians-
fnriy"Tes in the margin.indicate Full Marks'
Assume suitable data if necessary'

instrumentation system. t3l

a) Explain the features of microprocessor based

-F--'loop and closed loop instrumentation system along with

b) Differentiate between open
t5l
blockdiagrams.
based instrumentation
2. Assume that your group has decided to make microprocessor
at address 5000H in
system for an tce 6ream Factory using an 8255 PPI card
base
*r*ory mapped I/O mode for controlling Purpose. You need to measure pressure and
ternperature of a manufacturing plant.
t1+1+2+2+41

i) List out the collected documents and components' connected to your

ii firt out different signals you need to derive and or can be directly
interfacing circuit.
iii) Draw minimum mapping circuit for above system
Wirat are the addresses-captured by your card? Generate the
control word for the
ivj
system
v) Write a pro$am module for measuring temperature and control
if the temperature is
not in the range. Assume suitable data if necessary'
over longer distance and
3. a) Explairr why system that uses the RS 422A cantransmit data
at higher baud rate than Rs 232C and RS 4234'
l4l
b) The fundamental elements of communication on the USB data Bus is a packet'
Discuss various types of packets used in USB protocol' t4l
criteria for
4. a) Why analog signal needs to be converted to digital? What are the selection
12+21
selecting ADC?

b) What are the characteristics of ADC and DAC? t4l

write the application of
5. a) what is spread spectrum frequency hopping in Bluetooth?
Bluetooth. [1+2]

b) what is data iogger? Explain the operation of data logger along with its block
diagram. I5l
mechanism
6. How inductive noise is introduced in electronic system? Discuss the shielding
il;;";;; couplfng. [3+3]
be the
t. Establishing requirements is the most difficult part of circuit design' What could
basic tips-and'thoughts for setting requirements towards selecting the appropriate
technology which heli you to achieve u r.J* circuit design? t6l
".t
8. Write about the factors we should consider while doing component placement. Explaiir
the role of grounding and shielding to reduce noise in PCB. [3+3]
9" The essential components of software deveiopment interact in different ways in different
process models which helps to plan the development of a project and estirnate the effort
for it. Describe different types of software models used in Software Development
platform. Also mention the merits and demerits of each model. t8l
10. What changes do you recommend in the visited industry dwing your c.rse study? Why do
you think that the management should implement these ehanges? Asstrme ttrat you have a
senior reporting engineer closely looking at work from the system development level,
apart from convincing the management tearn at the visited industry to implement new
system,you also need to convince the senior engineer technically so that your
recommendations will be implemented. How do you want to achieve this technically?
Debate on your technical design to replace the current system and also relate probable
problems you might face after system implementation. tlzl
'F* *
., 23 TRIBHUVAN iJNIVERSITY
INSTiTUTE OF ENGINEERING
Examination Control Division
2072 Chfitra

Sabject: -Instrumentation II (EX602)

/ Candidates are required to give their answers in their own words as far as practicable.
/ AuemptAllquestions,
,/ The figures in the margin indicate Full Marks'
/ Assume suitable data if necessary-

1. a) What do you understand by a closed loop MBI system? lll

b) Differentiate unique vs non unique address decoding. t4l

.c) specifi the addresses for the ports of 8255PPI shown in figure below. t3l

Er Ez E:
PA
3x8
Decoder Ao 8?55

cs_
RD WR

2. a) List out the technical benefits of using 8255 PPI in a MBI system..
b) With a neat timing diagram and an appropriate example, explain the operation of 8255
PPI in mode 2. You should clearly show the necessary conffol signals and an
interfacing circuit to connect 8255PPI to 8085 microprocessor. Also write the
n.""rruryiontrol words to configure the 8255 in this fashion. [3+3+2J
3. a) What are the errors associated with serial data transfer and their error checking
mechanism? 14l

b) What is USB on the Go? Write short note on USB packet types. ll+31
4. a) With necessary illustrations, explain the cause behind the DNL and INL enors in AID
and D/A conversion. tzl
b) Interface a suitable DAC using 8255 PPI to a 8085 microprocessor to generate a
square w'ave oscillating between 0V and -5V having a frequency of I KHz. Show the
interfacing circuit and the necessary prograrn. [3+3]
 5. A
I.
, datalogger receives signals from Bluetooth Scatte.rnet which consists of different
Bluetooth devices. The data retrieved needs to be transmitted via option fiber iinks.
a) What is frequency hopping? Relate it with the Bluetooth technology. tzJ
b) Write in brief about the typical characteristics of a datalogger. t3l
c) Draw aneat and labelled block diagram of the complete system. {Zl
d) Compare and conhast the terms data archiving and data storage. Il]
6. a) Explain the remedial strategies for various energy couplirrg rnechanisms . t41
b) An electronic circuit receives noise from a switching element. If voltage on the
switching device swings from 4V to 6V within l00ps, during which current makes a
transition from l0 pA to 25 $A in l0 ns, rvhat might be the noise coupling
mechanism? IdentiS it using suitable calculations. l2l
7. DOECE is looking for an expert engineer to work in the research projects of high
frequency, high speed applications. What guidelines would you suggest as an engineer to
design high speed and high frequency circuits? Explain in detail. t6l
8. Circuit boards combine electronic components and connectors in to a functional system
through electrical connections and mechanical support. Explain the factors that need to be '
considered while creating traces to connect the elechonic components. i6]
g. A software company is planning to make new software. Suggest good procedure to
develop software. Explain different types of software models. [3+5]
10. Draw the complete block diagram of the industrial process control involved in your case
study. What are the critical factors affecting the production you have noticed in the
visited industry and what are the measures can you suggest for the same? Also mention
advantages and disadvantages of suggested system.
tl2]
**+
 FUII

Yerr I

s
-101- 5g
XY
 o
o9
10 ? OQ
 I . . ..:
i ' 1i.
1'-'
l-R.itsHiii,Al'I uNJi'Eit'i:T1' !r\4lii
ffisffi#EH# rsE$xtri"Hffiru ffi
INSTITUTE OF ENGINE EP.li\JG Level BE Full Marks 80

Exaarirr a tion Co ntrol Division Fsogramae BEL, BEX, BCT Psss J|f,erlt: a1

Year /Part Time 3 hrs..

Instrtirnentati
. ,,::.:

d) U&at a-re thg. addresses captrired by..,vour.card? Generate'ihe conuol rvord -for the

t.
"1.

3',.u)

.b)
A,rDror D/r'.

,s)'stem.

indust-ial process control invoir,'ed in ;vgur

the oioductibn you have noticecj in
yiud -sug€est foi the ;ame?. $1at probieiae
suggested process con6oI s1,'.sErn. li2i
17
 :... . ":: .", ..1.._.:,.:.:r:':.r:ri:r.:-;1:j:1:.:

i{,.. ,

a
23 TRIBHWAI{UNTVERSITY Erem. Itt:gtr le r
I
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING Level BE Full Merks i-m

Examination Control Division BEI, BE)(

I
Programme Prss llflerks 32
BCT
.J
2071 Chaitra Year / Pert m/I fime 3 hrs.
1

l
iI
S ubj ect : - lnstrumerfianon ll (H((l2 2)
/
T

I Candidates are required to give their answers in their own words as far as practicable.
I
J
{ Attempt 4lguestiotts.
I { The fig;ures in the margin indicate Fult Marks.
{ Asswne suitable data if necessary.
II
n
I
I

I l. lyiow do you select a microprocessor or a microcontroller for your project? t3l

b)r6xplain the block diagram of a microprocessor based instrumentation system. What are
.-/ ttte basic features of a microprocessor based instrumentation system? 15l
2. ALllfk a short note en PCI Bus. 121
,/
b)4nterfae, a keybqrd and a printer in mode l. Port A is designed as input for keyboard 1r

- with interrup VOport B is designed as output for printer with status check VO. Draw the ..:

mapping circuit and write the control word and address map. t6I
3. /'i)Desien a cable that has a USB connector at one end and an RS422 @nnector at the other
*\v%a.-Assume the USB is connected to a laptop and ttre RS-422 connector is attached to a
printer. Your design strould include the following: t6I
D Technical names of thepins and wires involved in the design.
ii) lntermdiarc chips to maintain voltage uniformity betrveen the turo standards.
iii) Neat and labeled sketch ofthe wiring between the two standards.
('
\ \ b) What isa USB interface chip? Why arethey required? Compare and contrast USB device
intedacerhips and USB host interface chips. t4l
.4. gYCalatlate the values of the LSB, MSB, resolution and full-scale ou9ut for an 8-bit DAC
\./ for the 0.to lOV range. I2l
Ay{o*can you desigr a DAC with 12 bit resolution with the 8085 microprocessor having E
v bits datalines? Explain with suitable block diagram. t6I
,. components of data acquisition system? Explain with the help of
e,ffi;;[#;:*"ntial t4I
plifitain Bluetooth network topology in brief. What are the advantages of Bluetooth
Vpplications? t4l
6. are the characteristics ofa safety ground? 121
different types of noise coupling mechanism in brief. How do you check their
in the circuit? I4l

t-
... .....,.. : .r...:.. r., i: _.-.:: . :.,. :...r,..1..1 '.i..:.'\::'..,:Y:.:. 1 :...r'. :'

7.
n
\A-ldata logger receives signals fiom a Bluetooth scattemet. The scatte,rnet consists of three
piconets and within each piconet there. are four bluetooth devices. The piconets
communicate within themselves and amongst each other using the masEr/slave protocol. [10]

$/Descnbe an analog transmission mechanisrn to capture the blue tmth sigrrals by the
- tdata logger. Draw a complete system block diagram.
U/ pgscriUe the mater/slave protocot that'is pr€sent in blue tooth picffi
and scattemets
tyfiruw the scattemet topology depicting the scenario maintained in dre question. Make
sure you adhere to the rules of the masterdglave protocol.
g. a)Xhile designing an electronic instrument you should group circuits according to their
J chaacteristics to maintain the correct operation of each circuil What are the
considerations during grouping components and circuits and what is tre impact of such
grouping? t4l
the factors that derive reliability of an electronic system? l2l
)D.{h"are
//
Co prn and contrast the three traditional models of softu,are developmcnt with respect to
their shengdrs -and weaknesses. Propose a fourth software develolrrrcnt model that
outperforms the classical methods and jur*i$ your choice in terms of reliability,
maintainability, flexibility, portability and reusability. t4I
]0.pfuw the comptete block diagram of industrial process conhol system involved in your case
L,/ study. Explain why you want to implement this contol system over existing one in tcrms of
cost, manpower and plant automation. What problems you might face afur implementating
this control system. [2]

ia

t.
 24 TRIBHUVAN I.'NIVERSITY Exam. Itcgtt lrr t'
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING LeVel BE Futl lt{arks 80

Examination Control Division BEL- BEX,

Prograinme Pass Marl$ 32
BCT
2069 Chaitra Year/Part u/I Time 3 hrs.

S ubieet : - lnstrumentation' II (eY602)

{ Candidates are required to give their answers in their own words as faras practicable.
{ Afiempt All questions.
{ Thefigures tn the margin fudicate Full Marks.
/ Assume suitable data if necessqryl.

1. Explain briefly the concept of DMA. Draw circuit Diagram of an interfacing circuit
containing 4 KB ROM and 8 KB RAM. Assuming Base address in 4000H. You also need
to draw write and read cycletiming diagram. [2+61
2. In a microprocessor based qrstem, an 82554 PPI card is used to interface a keyboard and
a printer to the processor. The 8255A PPI is interfaced with the 8085 microprocessor in
. the systern such that the base address of 8255 A PPI is 4M4H.
a) What are the addresses captured by the card? tU
b) Draw the complete inter&cing circuit of 82554 PPI with 8085 micropnocessor for the
given system. t3I
c) If the printer is interfacod to port A andthe keyboard is interfacedto port B of the PPI
generate the control qrerd to initialize the 8255A PPI with proper explanations. Both
printer and keyboard use 8-bit parallel data tansfer with handshaking l2l
d) Derive the control word to enable intemrpt request to the microprooessor by port A of
8255A PPI in above systerq with proper explanations 121
3. a) Compare the USB standards: USB 1.1 and USB 2.0 t3I
b) Describe simplex, halfduplex and full duplex operation using RS-232 port. I7l
a.'
t.a

*:
I

4. rylat are types of errors pre.sent in a A/E or D/A converters? With necessary diagram
explain theTnterfacing a ADC using intemrpt. [3+5]
5.-a) Explain different netuaork topologies of Bluetooth device with appropriate diagrams. 141
b) Vhat is a data logger? Erp[ain the desirable characteristics for adatalogger. tl+3]
6. Explain different types of Noise coupling Mechanism with concept of Pseudo ':

7. What are the reasons for using low power? Mention the guidelines to be considered for
low power design. 12+41
8. A careful circuit layout not only makes the pt'oduction of circuit boards easier but also
makes them less error prone. What rules does a designer have to follow while routing
signal tracks in PCBs in order to avoid the effects of impedance mismatch and crosstalk? [3+3]
9. What is.fault tolerance in software? What do you mean by roll-back recovery and roll-
forward recovery? Exptaindifferent types of bugs in softruare t2+2+41
10. a) What are the types of Microprocessor based system used in instnrmentation system?
Horv it rnakes more benefits in industry? t3I
b) Explain detail about different processing plant which you have studied in case study.
Also draw the block diagram for further improvement of these all plant and overall
system. ., [9]
rl ri rt

4i:!f-
i
 .I'RIBHUVAN LINIVERSITY
24 Exam. i l{rgu lrt t'
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEER.ING Level BE Full Marks 80

Examination Control Division BEL, BEX,

Progmmme BCT
Pass Marks 32

2069 Chaitra Year/Part m/I Time 3 hrs.

:

Subiect: - Instrumentation II (D(602)_

{ Candidates are required to give their answers in their own words as far as practicable.
r' Affempt All questions.
/ Thefigures in the margtn indicate Full Marks.
{ Assume suitable data if necessary.

1. Explain briefly the concept of DMA. Draw circuit Diagram of an interfacing circuit
containing 4 KB ROM and t KB RAM. Assuming Base address in 4000H. You also need
to draw write and read cycletiming diagram. [2+61
2. In a microprocessor based system, an 82554 PPI card-is used to interface a keyboard and
a printer to the proeessor. The 8255A PPI is interfaced with the 8085 microprocessor in
the system such that the bas address of 8255 A PPI is 4044 H.
a) What are the addresses captured by the card? tU
b) Draw the complete interfacing circuit of 8255A PPI with 8085 microprocessor for the
given system. t3I
c) If the printer is interfaced to port A and the keyboard is interfaced to port B of the PPI
generate the control word to initialize the 8255A PPI with proper explanations. Both
printer and keyboard use 8-bit parallel data transfer with handshaking. l2l
d) Derive the control word to-enable intemrpt request to the mtcroprocessor by port A of
82554 PPI in above sysGem, with proper explanations. l2l
3. a) Compare the USB standrds: USB l.l and USB 2.0 t3I
b) Describe simplex, half duplex and full duplex operation using RS-232 port. t7l
4. What are types of errors pesent in a A/D or D/A converters? With necessary diagram
explain ttre interfacing a ADC using intemrpt. [3+5]
5. a) Explain different networktopologies of Bluetooth device wtth appropriate diagrarns. t4l
b) What is a data logger? F,rytain the desirable characteristics for a datalogger. [+3]
6. Explain different types of Noise coupling Mechanism with concept of Pseudo
impedance t6l
7. What are the reasons for using low power? Mention the guidelines to be considered for
low power design. [2+41
8. A careful circuit layout not only makes the production of circuit boards easier but also
makes them less error prone- What rules does a designer have to follow while routing
signal tracks in PCBs in orderto avoid the effects of impedance mismatch and crosstalk? [3+3]
9. What is fault tolerance in softrrare? What do you mean by roll-back recovery and roll-
forward recovery? Explain different types of bugs in softrvare. t2+2+41
10. a) What are the types of Microprocessor based system used in instrumentation system?
How it makes more benefits in industry? t3I
b) Explain detail about different processing plant which you have studied in case study.
Also draw the block diagram for further improvement of these all plant and overall
system. t9I
***
 4IR TRIBHUVAN UNIVERSITY Exam. Iar / Back
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERT.NIG Level BE FullMarks 80

Examination Control Division Programme BCT Pass Marks 32

2068 Baishakh Year lPart- III/I Time 3 hrs.

Subjea: - M icroprocessor Based Instnrmentation

'/ Candidates are required to give'their answers in.their own words as far as practicable.
'/ Attempt All questions-
'/ The figures-in the margin indicate Full Marks.
./ Assume suitable deta if necessary.

l. lnterface two 8K RAM chips and two 4K EPROM chips with 8086 so as to furm a
completely working syst€m configurati-on. We know that, after reset, 8086 starts from
address FFFF0H. Select the starting'address of EPROM Such that this address (FFFF0H)
lies in it. The RAM address must starr at 00000H. [10]
2. a) If the speeds of UO devices do not match the speed of the microprocessor, what types
of data transfer techniques are used? Describe them brieTly wirh-necessary block
diagrams and control s-ignals. ' t8l
b) An 8255A PPI cmnected to 8085 has a system base address of 80H. tsl
i) What are the addresses assigned for Port A, Port B, Port C and control register?
ii) Write down the control word to initialize this card as follows: Port A mode 0
output, Port B handshake input, Port Crr*, output and reamingpin of Port Cro,,,o
input.
iii) For above casgwrite down bit set/reset control word to initialize Port B intem-rpt
request.
3. Differentiate betwee,n synchronous and asynchronous data transmission. What is the time
' required for transmission of a character with one start bit, 7 data bits, one parity bit and
one stop bit with l20O baud? 14+4)
4- What are the criteria for selection of Analog to Digital converter for your design? t4l
5. a) An arc welder on lhe.end of the robotic arm generators noise interference in the local
embedded controller. The welder produces l20A at i2V. What could be the couptring
mechanism for noise interfereqce? How this can be minimized? t4l
b) How would you-protect.against electrostatic discharge? t4l
6. a) Define crosstalk- How can reduce crosstalk when routing signal traces on a PCB. t6l
b) List out the factors which you need to consider for high speed design. [:t
7. Discuss the prototlping model of software development with its merits and demerits, t8l
.8. a) Discuss the advantages of digital signal transmission over analog signal transmission. t4l
b) Draw the clear block Oiagffif data logger showing all necessary components. {41
9. Write short notes on: l6x2)
a) Static and Dynamic errors in Digital to Analog Converters
b) Software selection and purchase
x*{.
 U TRIB}TT'VAI{T'NIVERSITY Erem. It cg rr lrr t'
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING LgYel BE fultMerlts
Examination Control Division BEL,BEX,
Programme Post ltflrrks 32
BCT
2068 Chaitra YearlPart m/I Time 3 hrs.

_ Subiect: .-lnsfitmeitation[IJEx602)
r' Candidates are required to give their answers in their orryn words as far as practicable. ' .
r' Attempt&.questions.
/ The figures in the mwgin indicate Full Marls.
{ Assume sfitable data if necessuy.

l. a) One thing embedded real time systems have in common is that they include some type
of processor. They range any where from a serial-program input device to a full-
fledged PC on a chip or board. At some point, an engineer decided on the type of
processor to use. How did he pick it? Are there any rational Feasons for picking one
. over another? Or are all processor selections based on personal bias? And what are the
situational factors imposing selection of a microproi"sor or microcontroller for a
design. Discuss at length. l7l
b) Give a short introduction of ISA bus. t3I
2. You have to interface ADC with 8085 using 82554 ports. Interface a fan and a heater
using opto couplers to derive the I/O devices. If thi temperature is less than 10"C, tum on
the heater and if the temperature is higher than 35oC, tum on the fan. [Jse port A of 8255
for.transfening digital data output of ADC to the CPU and part C for control signals.
Assume that an analog input is present at second input. of the multiplexer and a clock
input of suitable frequency is available for ADC. AIso write an appropriate flow chart and
algorithm to facilitate your design. Draw the diagram of your design. t8I
3. a) What is disaster recovery in software? How could it be implemented at your
organization? t3l
b) In the software developments process, proper planning is essential in delivering the
finished product to the client. Equally it is important that bugs have to be removed
.. .,,, from the product Discuss in details about the nature of bugs in software development
process. What are the preventive steps you would take to minimize introduction of the
bugs? t6l
*
4. How stub discontinuity cause impedance mismatch. Also point out the causes of
crosstalk. Explain in your own words.with relevant figure. [4+2]
5. "Establishing requirement is the most diffrcultpart of circuit design". While designing the
electronic circuit, speciff and explain the procedure of converting the requirements into
design. t6l
6. a) Differentiate between USB 1.1 and USB 2.0. State briefly how USB 2.0 identifies
itself with the interfacing unit and establishes communication protocol. Draw the
necessary diagrams. t6l
b) Explain the functions the DSR, DTR, RTS, CTS, TXD and RXD signals. tzl
i

7. Signals from'three different transducers (A, B and C) lo-cated 100 meters away from a
control room in a factory are very important to control sleppcr motors to give final tune to
the products. The strength of these signals ranges frot tOmV tq 20mV and separated at
4KJJrz: TransducerA, B and C generate 6KHz, l0KHzand l4KHz signals
:

t) If yotr A/D convefier do not have S/H hold circuits, wlat qpecification of S/H chip
' you select for your design? Discuss also the errors associdte with theconverter. t6I
8. a) Why against ESD should be considered in design? tit
b) Describe different types of noise coupling mechanism in brief and how do you check
theirpredominance in the circuit? t4l
9. .a) What is Bluetooth device? How does it uansmit data using pico and scatter net? t31
b) Draw the block diagram of a data logger and explain its operation in details. t4l
10. Recommendthe changes that you deem necessary in the visited industry during your case
study?-Explain the neasons why management should implement these changes? Assume-
that you have a senior reporting Computer/Electronics engineering closely looking at
work from the system development level, apart from con'vincing the management team at
the visited industry to implement new system, yoir also need to convince the senior
' engineer technically so that your recommendation will be implemented. How do you -l
want to achieve this technically? Debate on your technical design to replace the current
system and also relate probable problems you might face after system implementation. u2l
***
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