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TheHistoryoftheJews 10511398
TheHistoryoftheJews 10511398
FR OM TH E
W S
D E S T RU C T IO N O F J E RU S A L E M
TO TH E
P R E S E N T TI M E .
n} ? H A N N A H A D M S,
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é
OF 8 0810 257, A ME R I CA .
An d th e Lo r d éh a l l s ca tte r th ee a m g on al l
peo p l e fro m th e one
s h l t th
a ou fi nd n o eas e , ne ith er sh a l l th e l f thy f t h v t
so e o oo a e res .
”
D cul xxviii 6 4 , 6 5
. . .
Sh annon
W
SOLD A T T H E L ON D ON S O C IETY H O U S E,
10, v u xn n o a g: P LA C E ,
'
Do e r o n s
’
co m ma s ;
A N D BY O G LE S , D UN C AN , A ND C O CH R A N , P A T E RN O S TE R R O
S E EL E Y , FLE E T S T R E E T ; A N D H A T C H A B D , P I L C A D I LL Y .
ADV ERTI S EMENT .
H a n na h Ada ms of A m e r i ca i s n ow pr i nted in
,
E n gl a n d w i th th a t La dy s k i nd p e rm i ss io n a t th e
“
’
, ,
e x p en s e a n d fo r th e be n e fi t of th e L o nd on
'
S o c i e ty for pr o m o t i n g C hr i st i a n i ty a m o n gst th e
J e ws ; a n d th e h 0p e i s w a rm l y ch e rish ed th a t
'
,
'
wh en B r i t i sh C hr i st i a n s sh a ll h a v e b ee n m a d e m o re
full y a cqu a i nted th r o u g h th e m e d i u m of th i s p u b
,
w i ll b e e x c i t ed a s t o st i mu la te th e m t o co o p e ra te
,
-
z ea l o us l y w i th th e a b o v e S o c i e ty in its be n ev ol e n t
,
e n d ea v o u rs t o i mp a rt th e k n o w l e dg e of th e cruc i fi e d
‘
na t io n ,
wh o s e p a st su ffe ri n g s pres e n t d eg ra da t io n
, ,
a nd future gl o ry a re e qu al l y fo ret ol d b y th e
,
of th e N ew I t i s p r o p e r t o re m a rk th a t a few
.
,
a l te r a t io n s w e r e d ee m e d exp ed i ent ,
in th e pre se nt
e d i t io n.
TH E AU TH OR S P R E F AC E ’
.
TH E h i st o ry of th e J e ws s i nc e th e i r d i sp ers i on
'
t o th e g en e ra l m a ss of m an k i n d T h e d e s ign of .
th i s w o rk i n cl u d i n g th e i ntr od uct io n i s t o g i v e
‘
, ,
fr o m th e B a b y l on i a n ca pti v i ty t o th e n i ne t ee n th ,
'
c en tury T h e c o mp i l e r i s s en s i b l e th a t the su bj e ct
.
,
i s n ot cal cu l a t e d t o e n ga ge th e a tte n t io n of th o se
r ea de rs wh o se obj ect i s m e rel y a mus e m en t [In stea d .
fro m th e gl oo my p i ctur e of hu m a n g u i l t a nd
wretch e d ness
T o th e l i p a rt of ma n inq u is i t i v e
‘
s
p e cu a t ve a nd
k i n d th e su bj e ct must h o w e v e r a pp ea r m o r e
, , ,
in te re st i n g
T h e h i st ory of th e J e ws i s r e m a rk
.
a b le ab ov
m ‘ 5 '
‘
e tha t of a l l ot h e r n a t io n s fo r th e fi iiffib ér
w “ ,
m
'M
l m el y of th e e rs ec
' M l
a .
utig : lre y
t l ns t h a v e e nd ed
p ur _
'
.
of th e ir origin .
ki nd
“* destinat
idn ,
W p e cul ia r hab i ts ,
a nd
“M o-v fl
w n n ‘h u w \
vi P RE FACE .
a nd th e i r u n i v e rsa l d i sp e rs io n w e c o n te m p l a te th e
,
s i n g ul a r ph e n o m e n o n of a n a ti o n su b s i s ti n g fo r
a g e s w i th o ut i ts c i v i l a n d r e l i g io ns p o l i ty a n d thu s
,
s ur v i v i n g i ts p o l i t i ca l e xi ste n c e .
B ut th e J e ws a pp ea r in a fa r m o re i n te rest in g
a n d i mp o rta n t l i t w e n c o n s i d e r e d a s a s ta nding
gh h ‘ n
mo n u m en t of th e truth of the C hr i st i a n r e l i g i on
as th e a n c i en t church of G o d t o wh om w e r e
c o m m i tte d th e s a cr e d o ra cl e s ; a s a p eop l e sel e cte d
fr om a l l na tions to m a k e k n o w n an d pre s e r v e the
‘
“
t i a n church in J e rus al em w a s c ol l e ct e d T o th e m .
a s w ell a s of th e O l d T e s ta m e n t T o th e m w e re ‘
g i v e n th e sp i r i t of p r o p h e cy a nd ,p ow e r of
w o rk i n g m i ra cl e s Fr o m th e m w e re d er i v e d a n
.
u se th e l a ng u a g e of a n i n sp i r e d wr i t e r To ,
s e rv i ce of G od a nd th e pr o m i s e s ; a n d of th e m
, ,
a s c o n c e r n i n g th e fl e sh C hr i st c a m e
, .
a nd d i ed in 172 3
,
i s th e p r i nc ip al a uth o r i ty ma d e use of in th e fi rs t
. ,
,
PRE FA E C . vii
‘
pa rt of th i s h i st o ry ; th e refe ren c es a re ma d e t o
th e tra n s l a t io n of M r T a y l or pu b l i sh e d in 1708
. , ,
wh i ch r e c e i v ed th e a pprob a t io n of th e a uth o r ‘
T h e c o m p i l e r i s gr eat l y i n d e b te d t o th e wr i t i n gs
of M G re g oi re form e rl y b i s h op of B l oi s s e na to r
.
, , ,
e x c el l e n t Essa y on th e Re fo rm a t io n of th e J e w s ”
l is h e d at P a r i s 1810 b e s i d e s i n t e re st i n g a n d e n
, ,
te rta in in g a cc o u n ts of th e v a r io u s d e n o m i na t io n s
of C h rist i a n s c o n ta i n s se v e ra l curio u s a rt i cl es re
,
s p e ct in g th e J e ws . T h e w o r k s of Da vi d Le v i
h a ve furn i sh ed m a t e ri al s fo r wh a t is sa i d of th e
rel igio us t en e ts a n d c e re m on i es of h i s b r e th r e n
'
th e pre s e n t c o n d i t io n of th i s s i n g u la r p e o p l e Th e .
l ea r ne d D r B uch a na n in h i s va l u a b l e w o rk s
.
, ,
W
of th e ea ste rn J e ws S o m e r e c en t in te ll i ge n ce
.
c on ce rn i n g th o s e in E ur o p e h a s bee n co ll e cte d fr o m
a la t e w o rk of M r A da m . en t i tl ed
, T h e R el i
,
“
g i ou s o r l d D i sp la yed pu, b l i sh ed 1 80 9 T h e .
h e w a s i n d eb te d fo r pa rt i cu l a rs r esp ectin g th e m
toJ os h ua Va n O ve n a l ea rn ed d is t i n guish ed a nd
, , ,
PREFACE .
”
w o rthy m e m b er of th e soc i e ty of G erm a n J e w s .
h i sh e d th e pr i n c i p a l m a te r i a l s fo r th e w ork .
p a rt i cul a rl y in th i s c o u n try d u ri n g th e l a st a n d
,
p r e s e n t c en tury, wh o ll y fr o m d e su l t o ry a n d nu
c o nn ect e d m ate r i al s w i ll a pp ea r o b v io us
, The .
i ll a rr a n ge d h er h i st o ry ma y be sh e h a s spar e d
,
cu men ts , ,a n d h a s us e d th em t o th e b est of h e r
a b i l i ty
. B ut wh i l e sh e r el i e s on th e ca n d o ur a n d
i n d u l ge n c e of th e p u b l i c sh e ca n n o t fo r b ea r t o
,
e x p r e ss th e w a rm e st g r a t i tu d e t o th o s e re sp e ct ab l e
ge n tl e me n wh o s e g e n e ro us p a tr o na ge h a s e nab l ed
h er t o d e v o te h er t i m e t o l i t e r a ry p ursu i ts .
IN TRO D U C T IO N .
S E C TI O N I .
B C . T HE J e ws h a v i n g re m a i ne d in
.
"b
ca pt i v i ty s e v en ty y ea rs a cc o rd i n g to th e p re dic ti on ,
o f th e pr o h e t J e r e m i a h } w e re r e s tor e d to th e i r
p
n a tive c ou n try b y C yrus th e G r eat k i n g of P er s i a ; ,
,
r of h is r e i g n b y wh ich th e y w e r e p e rm i tt ed t o
y ea ,
retur n to P a l e st i n e a nd r e b u i l d th e i r c i ty a n d ,
.
T h i s O pp ortu n i ty w a s j oyful l y e m b ra c e d
'
te mp l e .
‘
d mi t d f m th m J d h
So e no thi t i b b t i d
na e ro e na e u a , as s r e o a ne
th p e mi d w
i e -e m m th th t f B j mi
ne nce , an as o re nu e rous an a o en a n .
A l l th d d t fJ bw
e esce n a n s o i tl y l l d I l . hi l d ac o e re an c en ca e s rae , or c ren
f I
o l til l th tim th t t f th t ib g l t d f m th h
sra e , e e a en o e r es re vo‘
e ro e a us e
. f D v i d (S
o a l t f Ki g ) Th
: t ee t ib w e . ft w d ll d
o n s . e se en r es e re a er ar s ca e
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th h mi e f I l d th
re o th t w t ib sr a e f J d h d B j
an e o er o r es , o u a an en a
mi t h h m f J d h m ti m t tim m y f th h
,
n, e e o u a .f e o e an o e o u se o
I l j i d th t of J d h f th
srae o ne j y m t f l ig i
a p i v il eg
u a or e en o en o re ous r es
(1 C h ix ron. b m i p t d with th m d w wi th th m
, ec a e ncor o ra e e , an ere e
i d
carr e pt e t B by l ca M y f th ur m b d th pp t
o a on . an o ese e ra ce e o or u
ity f m
n o nd ft th u p ti v ity f th d f thea a er e ca or e ec rees o e
Pe i ki g M
rs an edu a th
n s h f I l Th p pl f s e ou se o s ra e . e eo e o
J d h nd I
u a l fi th i t w bl d d t g th
a srae a d th
er e r re u rn , ere en e o e e r un er e
—P im
,
m fb
na e o C ti on
u r l i p 190—2 7 0
r aus a , vo . . . .
t Ch p xx l l a A d th . ti v. h l l v th k i g f
. n ese na ons s a se r e e n o
B by l a v ty y o n se en ea rs .
2 IN TR O DUCT I O N .
min , a nd Le v i
A la r ge p a rt of th e J e w i sh cap .
tive s w h o ch os e t o r e m a i n in B a by l o n m a d e l i b e r a l
, ,
c o n t ri b ut io n s towa rd s a s s i st i n g th e i r b re thr e n
W
.
B C 5 34 . S oon a fte r th e re tu r n of th e J e ws
. .
,
th ey b e ga n w i th a l a cr i t y a n d z ea l to re b u i l d th e i r
‘
a l ta r a nd l a i d
,
th e fou n d a t io n of th e i r t e m p l e .
h i l e th ey w e re e n ga ge d in th i s i mp orta n t u n d e r
ta k i ng th e S a ma rita n s l e x pr ess e d a n ea r n e st
,
'
d e s i re t o a ss i st in th e c omp l e t i on of th e b u i l d i n g .
B ut a s th e y b l en d ed th e w o rsh i p of th e i r fa l s e
d e i t i e s w i th th a t of th e G o d of I sra e l th e J e ws ,
r ej e cte d th e i r re qu est a l l eg i n g th a t a s th e d e cr e e , ,
O f th e P e rs i a n m on a rch e x t e n d e d o n l y to th e h o us e
of I s ra e l th e y coul d n ot a d m i t th e m to p a rt i c i pa te
,
in th e w o rk T h i s re fus a l ga v e r i s e to th a t i mp l a
.
ca b l e e n m i ty w h i ch su b s i ste d b e twee n th e S a m a
rita ns a n d J e w s fl a n d i n d uc e d th e form e r to e x e rt
:
Ezra i . 6 .
‘
l The ai gi ll y h th
S m it ar l i f m d i ff t
ans w e re or na ea e n co o n es ro eren
t i Aft th k i g f A y i h d t k S m i th p it l
c o un r e s . er e n o ss r a a a en a ar a, e ca a
o f th t et i b h m v d th g t t p t f th I l it i t
en r es , e re o e e re a es ar o e s ra e es n o
B by l
a d A y i
on a n A d i d t p p l th d ol t
ss r a. ty
n n or er o re - eo e e es a e coun r ,
h b e g ht l i f m B by l C th A H m th d S
rou c o on es ro a on , u a, va, a a , an e
p h im
a rva d t b l i,
h d th
an m i th iti f
es a S m i i tes d e f e n e c es o a ar a ns a o
th w h m h h d
ose . o i d i t p ti v ity T h p op l b i g im
e a ca rr e n o ca . ese e e e n
m d i t ly ft th i ttl m t m h i f t d w ith l i
e a e a er e r se tt i b um de en uc n es e o ns , a r
an d p titi e d th k i g to ne d f th p ti v J w i h p i t t
e n o se n one o e ca e e s r es s o
i t
ns r u c t th m h w t w hi p th G d f I l A p i t w
e o o o rs e o o s rae . r es as ac
cor di gy n t b k wh t k p h i i d
l se n ac t B th l
,
d ti
o oo u s res e nc e a e e , an es
b l i h d th w o hi p f th t
s e e G d Y t w hi l J h v h w
rs o f e d rue o . e e e o a as ea re
be ca use o f hi pp d i fl i th t l d th g ds f th B by
s su ose n u ence n a an , e o o e a
l i
on a n s a n d th t i h d d i vi h
o p i t o th m T hi
e r co u n r e s a ne on o u rs a e . s
m ixt f i d l t y w ith th M
u re o i w hi p tinrted til l th b il d
o a r e o sa c o rs co n s e u
i g f th S m i t t mp l M u t G izzimfl fi w ry A i t
’
n o e a ar an e e on o n er p r
s nc en
Is ra e li p 35 2
t es , . ,
t J h iv 9 o n . .
I N TR O D UCT I O N . 3
m
th e seh test to -
o b str ua b u i l d i n g of th e t e mpl e
th e .
W
Ia con s e qu e n c e of th e i r m a l i c io us a tte mpts the ,
a ga i n st al l w h o ob structe d th e w o rk h e n th i s .
th ey ra p i d l y p roce e d e d in th e b u i l d i ng wh i c h w as ,
fi n i sh e d in the s ix th y e a r of D a ri us a n d th e d e d i ca ,
t i on p e rform e d in th e m on th A da r w i th a l l i m a g i na b l e
s p l e n d our a n d s ol e m n i ty
* .
B C
. . T h e h i story of th e O l d T e sta m e n t
c los es w i th a n a cc ou n t of th e r es tora t i on of th e J e ws
to P a l e st in e a n d th e b u
,
i l d i n g of th e i r c i ty a nd t e mp l e
u n derE z ra the p ri e s t a n d N e h e m i a h th e gov e r nor
, .
T h e a ss i d u o us l a bo u rs of th es e p i ous a n d e m i ne n t
me n to r e form th e a b us e s of th e J e w i sh sta te a n d
church to e n fo rc e th e ob se rva n ce of th e M os a i c l a w
, ,
a n d r e st o re d i v i n e w or sh i p t o i ts orig i na l p u ri ty ,a re
r ec o r d e d in th e b ook s of E z ra a n d N e h e m i a h .
I t a p p ea rs from th e s a cre d re c o r d s th a t th e J e ws ,
.
,
a ft e r th e i r re t u r n fr om ca p t i v i t y w e r e in a fe e b l e
,
e x p os e d to th e e n v y a n d m a l i c e of th os e stra n g e rs
w h o r e s i d ed in th e v i c i n i ty in p a rt i c ul a r to th e
,
i n sul ts a n d ca l u m n i e s of th e S a m a r i ta n s I t i s a l s o .
e v id th e cru e l e d i ct w h i ch H a m a n ob ta i n e d
a ga i n st h i ch th e y w e re sa v e d b y th e
ow e rfu of qu e e n E sth e r th t th ey
’
p a ,
w e r e in n
g d e s tr oy e d u p o n th e l e a s t
i n ti m a t i on of the k g s p l ea sure B y d e g r ee s h ow
’
.
,
an
Ezra vi . 16 , 17 .
B 2
‘
4 IN TRO DUC TI O N .
v r th e i r
e e ,
were e s ta b l i sh e d a nd th ou gh they
’
a fi a irs ,
w e re su bj e cted t o e u ea sy tr i b u te t he y l i ve d u n de r
‘
-
,
th e i r ow n la ws in th e fo rm of a com m on wea l th
‘
, ,
s ev e n ty tw o el de rs ; a n d e xe rc i se d a mon g th e m
l s th e p o w er of l i fe an d d ea
se v e e ru sal e m th * J .
b e in g a t l en gth re b u i l t fo rt i fi e d a n d re pe opl ed , , ,
be ga n t o resum e s o m e a pp ea ra n c e of i ts fo rm e r
sp l e n d ou r a nd th e te mp l e w as h o no ure d by the
,
’
A fte r th e d ea th of N e h e m ia h th e go v ern m e n t of ,
W
Of S yr ia fr o m wh i ch th e h i g h pr i es ts re ce i ve d th e ir
,
asse
m
bl ed i p tm t f th t m pl e at J
n an a
p w f l i f d d th Th Jew ty l d it h d g t th l w
e
l m po
ar
ed th
en o e e e rusa e , ssess e
o er o an ea . e s s e a e e o e a s,
W
b eca useth m m b f th
e i l h d th o ity t i t rpret it t
e e rs o e cou n c a
'
au r o n e
'
t i tim d
ce r a n ti o i
e s an th y th ght p p
o n ce r a n It ccas ons , as e ou ro e r. s
au t h ity or xt d d v ll th y g g i J d
e en e o d mt
er a e s na o ue s n u ea an re o e
ti
co u n r es , an d pp l l d b m d f m it t no a eah th co u e a e ro s s en e n ce . e er
i stit ti i
n u on ,bj t f d i p t Th J w d ft th m G
s a su ec o s u e. e e s, an a er e ro
ti Sel d Li gh tf t d v l th l
us , en , d C h ri ti m i t i
oo ,
an se era o er ea rne s a ns , a n a n
th t it w fi t i tit t d by M
a as th t th v ty tw ld
rs ns u e ose s ; a e se en -
o e ers
a pp i t d t i t hi m w it fi t m m b
o n e
-
o ass s d th t th S nh e e re s rs e e rs ; a n a e a
d im f m i th l tt g f J wi h p l ity b i t d fi e
r , so a ou s n e a er a es o e s o , su s s e a l
h i ti m
s ti l th d t u ti f th t m pl B t B g t iti
e un e es r c on o e e e. u as na e a t r on
h v tt mp t d t p v th t th
a e a e e t f o ro e a e cour o
es a t bl i h d i th ti m f th M b
s e n e e o e ac ca ees .
f g J w i h A tiq i ti
n n s
’
e s di i p 3 9 n u es , v . . . .
t Fl y A i
eu r t I l it
’
s n c en s rae es.
Th d i d t p h d thi ffi f m th Sy i g v
e ca n a es u rc ase s O ce ro e r an o ernor.
an d t i d it b y m
re a ne f m y3h th y pp d th p opl
ea ns o one en ce e o resse e e e
w ith t x t a bl th m t f l fil M r pht i y g g m t
es o e na e e o u un a r en a e en s .
5
, .
B C .
A rem a r k a b le i nsta n c e o f the trut h
of th i s a s se rt i on o ccurr ed in th e 34 th y ea r of A r :
,
taxerxes M ne m o n ; a t wh i ch p e r io d J oi ad a wa s
s ucce ede d in th e h i gh pr i e sth oo d b y his s on J o h a na n .
e ns u e d an d J o sh ua was sl a i n in th e In t e r io r co ur t
, ;
of th e t e mp l e Bagos es r ece i v i n g i nt el l i gence of
.
fi n e up o n th e p o n t i ff wh i ch w a s n et ta k e n off t i ll
,
th e dea t h of A r ta x e r x e s ch a n ge d th e fa ce of a ffa i rs
The J ews w ere h o w e v e r b y no m ea n s fr e e from
, , i
h a v in g su b d u e d th e grea tes t p a rt of P h oe n i c i a ca r ,
'
r i ed h i s vi ctor io us a rms i n t o J u d ea r e d uc e d J e r i
ch o , a n d se n t a g r ea t n um b e r of th e i n h a b i ta n t s
i n to T e n y ea rs a ft e r th i s e v en t J oh a n a n
di succ e ed ed by h is son J ad d u a .
W
the J e w s reta i ned
wh i ch th ey j ustl y
W
th if
e i
sx
ps l s is
n
feom th eir [1
a e s?
d r C “ L 1' I?
6 I NTRO DUCTI ON .
It h as b een a ss i g n e d
r ea s o n fo r th i s ch a n ge as a ,
th a t p re v io us to th e ca pt i v i ty th ey h ad n o sy na '
~
r el i g i ous w ors h i p e x c e pt th e t e mp l e a n d th e c i t i e s ,
of th e L e v i te s In c o ns eq u e n c e of w h i ch th e d i .
th ey h ad s y na g og u e s e rec te d a m o n g th e m in e v e ry
c i ty w h i ch w e re o p e n e d n ot for c e re m on i a l w or
, ,
t e mp l e ; b ut for p ra yi n g p rea ch i n g r e a d i n g th e , ,
l a w l d i v i n e w orsh i p a n d s oc i a l d ut i e s
,
-
Th e p e o p l e .
w a s rea d a n d e x p ou n d e d to t h e m T h e cust o m of .
rea d i n g th e sc ri pture s a n d p re a ch i n g in th e s y n a
g go ue s i s supp o s ed to h a v e b e e n i n tr od uc e d b y
E z ra ,
D P id r. x d th l r ea u d w it h v m i t i d th t
an o er e a rne r e rs a e a n a ne a
W
th we e re t y y g g
re no b f th pt i v ity th i
an s na o u es e o re e ca , as e re s no
m enti f th m i th O l d T t m t b t ft th t p i d th i
on o e n e es a en , u a er a er o e r
n mb u v y g t Th y w p l
er as er f p y
rea d . l igi e e re a ce s o ra e r an re ou s
asse m bl i e f th w hi p f G d Th ti m f th y g g
s or e o rs o o . e es o e s na o ue
se r v i w th d y v y w k b i d f t d f ti v is The
ce e re re e a s e er ee es es as s an es a .
J w l tt d d p y th ti m v y d y i th m i g
e s a so a en e ra e rs ree es e er a . n e o rn n ,
a ft e rno o n , d t i g ht A t th e t
an a d i n . e as en n cv
ar k h t i m m m ti f th k f
or c es , n co e o ra on o e ar o
w as i th t mpl
n d i thi
e e k th y l k
e ; an n s ar e oc
w ittr p v ll m w ith p ti l
en u on e u a ar cu
l ii p 5 3 4 5 3 5 d Pi R l igi C m i o th J ws
’
vo . . . t. , an
f ca r s e ous e re on e s e e .
t Th m d e fw hi p d p t d i th J w i h y agog
o e o o rs b a o e n e e s s n ue s s a se
p l l e w shi p f
‘
t t t h ti v ity d fi d b t itt f m th r t
‘
ro se n or o
W
e
q u en o e ca p ,
1 e re u e
C h i ti r s mb l i f it
a n a ss e i t d f th p tes ; d i g th i p
or c o ns s e o re e a r s, rea n e s cr .
t p y
u re s , d p
ra hi g — G
e r, an L t th P t t
rea c n h r a v es s
’
ec ur e s on e e n a eu c .
P b l i h d 1807
u s e .
t h v h t b t b ti ful sw efidt of Ez fi t p h
e a e a s
'
or u ea u n ra s
’
rs re a c
I NTR O DU C T I O N .
7
m
th e i r ora l s a n d th e s i m p l i c i ty of th e i r rel i g i ous
,
.
worsh i p th e i r z ea l for th e ri t e s a nd c e re m on ie s of
,
th e i r l a w i n c r e a s ed I t i s sup p os e d th e l a m e n ta b l e
“
.
ch a n ge b e ca m e m ore g en e ra l a fte r m i ra cl e s a n d
pr op h e c i es ce a s e d ) wh i ch h a d in s om e m ea sure
p rev e nt e d th e m from ta k i n g th e s h a dow for th e
s u bs ta n c e of r e l i g i on
+ .
I t i s e v i d e n t th a t s oo n a fte r th e te rm i na t i on of th e
'
p r o ph e t i c ag e ; th e J e w s b (
e g a n to c or r u p t th e l a w
of M os e s b y i n trod uc i n g c e rta i n p re ce p ts a n d i nst i
,
W
t
,
fr om th e m ora l d ut i e s of l ife a t l e n gt h ob ta i ne d
'
i th th e g r e a t e r p a rt of th e J e w i sh n a t i on a d eg ree
’
of a u th ori ty e q ua l to th a t of th e M os a i c l a w ; w h i l st
th e m i n or p a rt r e e c t i n g th e s e i n n ov a t i on s a d h e r e d
j , ,
T h es e tw o ge n e ra l cl a sse s w h i c h d o n ot a p p e a r t o ,
.
h a v e b ee n d i s t i n g u i sh e d b y a n y p e cu l i a r a p p e ll at i o n ,
g ra d ua l l y a d op te d oth e r t e n e ts a n d customs a nd a t :
,
l e ng t h for m e d s e v e ra l d i st i n ct s e cts of w h i ch th e ,
P F in Ci al w e r e th e
p - S a dd u ce e s th e Ca ra ites th e , ,
W
i ng in Ne h
hi h
c a re
i . Th e J ew s h ad
3 of
l it gi
ur
th i y g g
es
e r s
fo r
na
th i p y
o
e r
ue
ra
w ors
e rs ,
hi p .
in
' m th ti m flM l h h th Je w h d t b f v d with
Fro e e o a ac e s a no ee n a o u re
an
y p p h
ro t H
e fl i h d b t th y 3 9 7 b f C h i t
. e ou r s e a ou e ea r e o re r s .
t Pi t C m i d R l ig i C t m f th J w
’
ca r s e re on es a n e ous us o s o e e s.
t E fi ld Phil o op hy ol i iy g l 11
’
n c s s , v c
a .
O
I NT R D U C T I O N .
‘
Ph ari s ee s a n d th e E ssen es fi T h es e d e n o m i na
,
'
a fl o ur i sh i n g sta t e a t th e t i m e of o u r Sa v io ur s
’
a p pea ra n c e up o n ea rth ;
S E C TIO N II .
Sk etch of th e H is tory f
o J ews u nd er A exa nde r
th e
l an d
B C . . A G RE A T e ve n t fo re t o l d
, in th e pr e
p he tic pa ge s f a t l en gth a rr i ved wh e n
-
, th e m i g h ty
e mp i r e of P e rs i a w as su b d u e d b y Al e xa n d e r th e
Io n i a n e mp i r e by Cy rus T h e J e ws ga v e a str i k i n g .
la st P e rs i a n m o narch b y refus i ng t o a ss i st Al e x,
a n d e r in th e s i e e of Ty re
g T h e M a c e d o nia n .
of th a t c i ty l ed h i s v i ct o r i ous a rmy a ga i n st J e ru
mfg
s al e
A t th i s a l a rm i n g cr i s i s J a dd u a h i g h pr i est
, , the ,
o ffe re d sa cr i fi c es a n d supp l i ca t io n s to th e G o d of
I sra e l a n d b e i n g as i t i s sa i d d i re cte d b y a v i s i on
, , ,
th e c on qu e r o r d re ss e d in h i s on tifi ca l r o b es ar
p , ,
t e n d ed b y th e pr i ests in s a ce r d o ta l v e stm e n ts a n d ,
th e p eo p l e in wh i t e g a rm e n ts A l e x a n d er stru ck .
,
w i th profou n d a w e a t th e s i g h t of th i s sol e m n p r o ~
J “ ,
1'
Da n. ii . 39 .
1
: J ose
ph a s s l efi ish
’
ti iti
An q u e s.
IO I N TRO DU C T I ON .
qu ests; th e Sa m a r i ta n s en d ea v o ure d to a cc o mp l i sh
a c i v i l a nd ecc l e s i a st i ca l u n i on w i th th e J e ws For .
th i s pu rp os e S a n balla t go v e r n or of Sa ma r i a ga v e , .
,
, .
O f iJ a dd ua th e h i g h p ri e st fu l l y e xpe ctin g th a t th e ,
b e e ffe cte d Sa nb a ll a t u p on fi n d i n g th a t th e J e ws ;
.
p a rt i c ul a rl y the m e m b e rs of th e S a n h ed r i m h i g hl y ,
r es e nte d t hi s pr o fa n e a ll i a n ce t ook h i s s on ia l a w ,
- -
_
u nd e r h i s p rot e ct i o n a n d h a v in g ob ta i ne d p e rm i s , ,
s i on fro m A l e xa n de r to b u i l d a te m p l e on mo un t
G e rizzim a p p oi n t e d M a n a sse s i ts h i g h pr i es t
, A .
i n v ol ved in s i m i l a r c on n e ct ion s j oi n ed th e S a m a r i ,
ta ns fi "
T h e e rect i on O f th e te mp l e h i g h l y exas pe
ra t e d th e J e ws ; th e v i ol e n t a n i m o s i ty b etween the
p a rt i e s i n crea se d a n d ga v e r i se to fr e qu en t h osti
.
,
l ities + .
B C . . A ft e r
d ea th O f Al ex a n d e r th e th e ,
Ma ce d o n i a n e mp i r e w a s d i v i de d a m o ng four O f h i s
g e n e ra l s ; a n d J u d ea b e i n g s i t ua t ed b e tw e e n Egy p t
an d S yr i a b e c a m e su bj ect t o a l l th e r e v ol ut i on s an d
,
w a rs in wh i ch h i s s ucc e ss o rs w e re e n ga ge d a ga i nst
e a ch oth r I t w a s a t fi rst go v e r n e d b y L a om e d o n
e . ,
th e M ity l en ia n on e of A le xa n d er s c a pt a i n s a nd
’
, ,
a ft e r h e w a s d e fe a t e d b y P t o l emy S ot e r k in g of , .
in G ree k al pt g i t V i h d b p p d b y
so , a f e r t th e S e ua n e rs o n a ee n re are ,
d f Pt l m y Phi l d l p h k i g f Egy p t — B y p 5 2 7
or e r o o e a e us , n o a rne , . .
It i m m
s su d th t w h M e fl ,d t th S m it
a h en an a ss es e o e a ar a ns , e
fi t b
rs g ht th l w f M
rou em g th m d ft th y i v d
a o ose s a on e ; an a er e rece e
i t th y
e d i d l t y d w hi pp d th tru God
re no u nce o a r , an ors e e e .
C ti
onnec on, v o l ii p 5 98 . . . .
E gy pt ,
J ews re fu s ed t o v iol a te th e i r e n ga ge
th e
me nt to h im E n ra ged at th ei r re sl s ta n ce P tol e my
s . ,
ma rch e d to J e rusal e m an d b e i n g a p p ri z ed of th e
.
fra u d ul e n tly s u rp r i s e d a n d t o o k th e c i ty on th a t d a y ,
a n d ca rr i e d a h un d re d th o usa n d of th e i n h a b i ta n ts
ca pti v e i n to E gy p t H ow e v e r in co ns id eration'of
.
,
th e l oy a l t y t h ey h a d on v a r i ous occa s i on s e v in ce d to
form e r c onq ue rors h e a dva n c e d th e m ost d i stin
-
of the ca p ti v es in Ly b ia a n d C yr en e ; from th os e
w h o w e re esta b l i s h e d in th e l a tte r of th es e c oun tr i e s
'
d es ce n d ed l th é C yre n i a n J e ws m e n t io ne d b y th e
w ri te rs of the New T e sta m e n t .
* ,
S i m on th e J e w i s h h i g h p r i e st d i e d in th e n i n th
, ,
ea r of h is on tifi ca te T h e ch a ra cte r g i v e n of
y p .
'
m e ri t ; a n d th e p i e ty a n d i n te g r i ty w h i ch u n iform l y
ma rk e d h is c on d uct in d uce d h is cot e mp ora ri e s to
,
h onour h i m wi th th e s ur na m e of J u s t H e e x h i b i te d .
a n a r d e n t l ov e o f h i s c ou n t ry b y r e p a i r i n g a n d
fortify in g th e c i ty a n d t e m p l e a n d is sa i d t o h a v e
W
.
‘
f e tdE TE d t h e m os t es s e n ti a l s e rv i ce to r e l i g i on b y
t
e
c a no n of th e O l d T e s ta m en t T h i s .
th e l a st m e m b e r of th e g ra n d
Prid ea ux s CO
’
v ol . 11. p . 15 0 . E nc y l p di
c o e a , v ol . ix .
The g rand gg
s na o ue cons
y isted of 12 0 e ld er: wh o, in a re gul ar
l2 I NTRO DUCTI ON.
W
.
,
W
was sty l ed th e S eptua g i n t ve rs io n + the Je w i s h p el i ,
.
T he J e ws a l so o b ta ined d i st i ng u i sh ed fa v ours
fro m S e l e uc us N ica to r king of Ma c edo n and S ,
j e et q
s :
Th e J e msh a fia im co nt i nu ed to wea r a fa v o u rs .
th m lv
e se d iffu
es t o t k owl dg of th H ly S i p t
se a n a ccu ra e n e e e o cr u re s
am g th i br th —S d M i na
on e r e re n . a cr e r r.
Thin t n l ati
41
: is fr q
ra tl y q t d by th a d writers of the
s on e ue n uo e e s cre
N w e T t m t —
es a B tl H en Bibli w u er s
’
or a: c .
t Al t th bs v th t w ith p t t th hi t y of the
a e au or o e r es a , res ec o e s or
S pt gi t th
e ua n ,
ly i q ere scarc e l it r t u p whi h mo e s a e
r e a re u on c r
ha b es we nitt f rw hi h l w ith
en, o r o y d g e f t i ty is c ess an e re o cer a n
kn w o T h
n. p p l c
e t of it
o b i g
u ar a m d e i th ig ;
coun s e n a n e re n q
P t l my hi l d l p h t th gg ti f A i t d de th
W
o eP a e us , a e su es on o r s eas , a n un r e
W
re c n o
h t p i ll pp n ce t b g s, ll y x p l od d R e p atling
a e a rs o e enera e e re v
“
s u u .
pi i i th t it w m d t Al x d i t d i ff nt tim d by
W
n on s, a as a e a e an r a a e re es , an
O
“
d ifl nt i te p r t s b t th t al l of themwprg M l «M
e re n r e er , u a i- :
H B ibl i p 18 d l P id x € c 8} t gH 2 ’
m
ca an a so r ca u s 011
mff
or a: , .
, 1
.
t u ! I 15 m P1 335,
a
m a c w c'rl on . )3
ki ng of S yr i a m a d e a w gorrous ch a rt to conq me r
'
v i e w th e i n te r io r p a rt of the te m pl e in s pite of th e
‘
‘
k
ca rr ie d o ut b y h is a tte nd a n ts I nst ea d h o we ve r of .
ra t ed a ga i n st th e J e w s a nd on h is re t ur n t o E gy pt
ra i se d a p e rs ecution a ga in st th o se in th a t k i ngd o m ,
a fte rwa r d s ho we v e r i n d uc e d to r e v ok e h i s sa ng u i
na r y d e cr ee s * .
By C Afiter th e d ea th of P tol e my P h i l o
.
' «
‘
i d th t
n i s sa ,
s
a th e l d d t oy th wh ol
reso ve to es r e e
W
natibnfl w mn in
g i h th
gw t ose who pes ided in E gy p t w h m h d d
, o e o r e re
b ht
to be roug h i di i ll d by h i l ph t
in c a ns to Al e xa n r a to be k e s e e an s
A thS is d p bl i l y v t f p pl w
on e ul c , a as conco u rse o eo e e re c o
l t d t g th
ec e t beh l d th h
o e i d xhi b iti w h t tb i i g t
e o e
‘
l ph m n b
o e or r e on , en o re a
s u p th
r rl sc ,
g m d d m k w ith wi
e e e an d fi nk een a e n ne a n a
i c e m d l l th i g p ‘th p t t
n ens , rne a d d t y d
e r hu e u on e s ec a ors; an e s ro e
g t mb
rea nuf th m w hi l th J ew
e rs o m i d i p f t f ty
e , e e s re a ne n e r ec sa e
14 I NTRO DUCTIO N .
, s oon a n
q u e s t of
th e s e s rov in ce s T he J e ws r e n ou n ced th e ir a ll e
p
‘
g ian é e tO E gy p t
'
, p l a c e d th e mse lv e s un d er h is p ro
tectio n , a nd mfi e re d h im th e ir a s s is ta n ce
‘
. Th e
S y r ia n mona rc h, h igh l y g ra tifie d by th e
. fidel ity
a n d z ea l th e e xh ib ite d in h is s e rv ice ( re s tore d to
y ,
y p ,
a n d ma in ta in in u bl ic w or h i t d e xe m
gp s ;
p g ra n e a n p
tion from a l l ta xe s for th re e ea rs to a l l the d is e rs e d
y p
J e ws wh o s h ould re tu rn t0 th e ir ca p ita l a n d l ibe ' ‘
ra te d a l l w h o h a d b ee n s old for s l a v es in a n a rt
y p
'
»
of h is d omin ion s .
le
a
B C
. . U p on
A n tioc h us th e d ece a se of ,
r it w h ow e v e r d is turb e d b a n u nh a p al t r
y as
y p y e
»
, ,
a t J erus a l e m O n ia s e n d e a v ou re d to d is s ua d e h im
,
w e re a pp rop ria te d to th e u se of th e
:
orp h a ns in th e J e w is h com ‘ mun ity ,
e o
ms
e u n ite
.
l d in ar
13
d en t
w
p p
suppl‘
ica tion to th e G od~
v e th e of I s ra e l to p re s er
, ,
'
h e a ck n ow l edg ed w a s u n d e r the p rotection of a
d ivi ne a n d i rre s is tibl e p ow e r S imon e n ra ge d a t .
,
th e trea ch e rou s g ov e rn or l ae
.
na éiw iz p or p l a c e of e xe rc is e a t J e rus a l e m s im il a r , ,
W
‘
to th ose w h ic h w e re b u il t in th e G re c ia n citie s a nd
e n cou ra ge d th e eo l e b r e w a rd s re ce ts a nd
p p y p p , ,
W
con que rors } F rom th is time th e refore a g e n er a l .
, ,
k l d h v i f h m l
'
a os ta c
p y too p a c e a n t e se r c e o t,
e te p e
N
:
Afte r J a son d e nj o ed h is il l a c q ui re d d ign ity
y
-
fior a fe w y e a rs h e w a s s up p l a n te d by h is broth er
,
1 '
9 9 ‘ j
J ose ph u s , p 303 2 . . M b ac ca ees iii . P ridea ux s Connect i on
’
.
l
‘
Ab o u t ni ne t th ousan
y d p ou d n s ste r li gn .
:16 mrnonoc rros
' '
.
c ourtie rs in h is fa v ou r H e a l s o ca use d O n ia s wh o
'
.
,
r
.
p ros e cutin
g th e war in
E gy p t a n d on a fa ls e re port ,
of h is d ea th ,
.
a d he re n ts of M e -
n e la us But th e a p p roa ch of th e
.
up on th e re ort of h is d ea th a b a n d on e d J er usa l e m
p ,
“
,
J ose
p h us , p 303 . .
18 I NT RO DUC T I ON .
s e v e res t
p e n a l tie s T o e nfo rce ob e d.ie n ce to h is
J e h ov a h to J up ite r a nd s et u
p h is
u p u n d e r p e na l ty of d ea th w h il e h e s tre n u ou s l y e u ,
1
At th is d istres s in g p erio d mul titud e s
, q u itte t l th e ir
the ir temp le M ou t G
on n e rizzi m migh t be d edicated to th e G recia n
1 Pri
'
dea ux , v ol . ii p I S 4 , 187
. . .
19
~
w he re th ey b s is te d on h e rb s a n d roots
su . A l a rg e
n umbe r a p os ta tiz e d ; y e t th e min is te rs of cruel t
y
W
w ere fre q ue n tl y ba ffl e d by th e intrep id fi rmn es s of
‘
th e ir v ictims T h e k in g e xa s p e ra te d a t th e ir
‘
.
,
ty ra n t a rriv e d h e h a d recours e to th e s ta k e a n d th e
,
h orr id e xe cution s .
“
ra ck ; a n d comma n d e d a n d s u p erin te n d e d th e mos t
T h e u n s h ak e n con s ta n cy of
E
a nd
c o u ra
g e of t h e ir b re th re n .
'
To h ug h th e
p e rs e c utio n u n de r
A n tioc h u s w a s th e
‘
Th e v bl
ene ra e EL
ea zar an d t h e se v b
en re th re n , w ith th e ir p iou s
mothe i ‘
, were at th is time p u t to a mos t cr u ei d eath — 2 Macca
S E C TI O N II I .
S k etch o
f th e h istory f
o th e J ews under th e A s mon ea n
“
M ATTATH I A S a n e mine n t p riest of th e A s mon ea n
,
a v oid th e
p '
.
p y p ,
cute d th e sa me s u mm ar
y v e n gea nce on th e
He was th e g rea t g d
ra n son of Asmoneus , m wh om th e fa mil y
iv d th
de r e ei r na me —P r a wns " : Conne ction, vol ii . .
p 187
. .
d uct
l
Ma th th ias ’
s con wa s n th e l a w of Moses in
s uch cases. See De uteronomy xiii .
I NT RO DUCTIO N . 21
th e l a w of G od to fol ow l ,
h im .
offerin g to m a k e th e l ea s t re s is ta n ce T h e ir l ea ders .
commu nica te d to P al es ti n e a n d th e a dj a ce n t v il
l a s es fr
B C
. . Th e p arty
Ma tta th ias be in g stron gly
of
s n a g og ue s
y a n d e n forcing th e
, p ra c tice o f c irc u m _
a nd ca us in g th e r ea din g of th e sc ri tures to b e
p
res u me d T h e ir h eroic e xertions w e re crow ne d
.
s a ce of on e
p y e a r a h a
ppy re fo r m
, a ti on h a d b e g un
to e xte n d ov e r a la r ge p ar t of J u d ea wh e n d ea th ar
W
,
h iston s
’
Joseph u s, v ol . i ii p 46
. . .
22 I N TRO DUCTI O N .
'
,
W
B C '
r ea te s t u n ins p ire d h e ro of w h om th e J e w s ca n
'
g
b oas t : ith h is sma ll a r my w h ich a t fi rst onl y ,
»
,
s e lv es to th e u tmost to c ru s h th is d a n gerous re v ol t i n
'
. re
p se nt
co
W
t Th e
w ri tten by
o e
l
ho is i
t gthe wh ihh m ad
M a abee ii J
th e
r,
cc
motto
l ke
an
s
on
u n to
the s ta n
thee
a bb re v ia tion fo rm
Su h t l
e t is
ose ph us ,
mong the ( l ad s O Je h ov a h
a
d d
e d th e in itial l e tte rs of
d p ut
ar
ar
c
p 309
of
.
J d
u a s was ta
.
,
ke n
.
fro m xo E d
th e w o r
c a
us
eas
big
s
e n
xv.
th e ati o l t d itio
n er i g the o rig i
na ra f ame pp l ied im
n co n cita n n n o a n a
l i ted u d J ud nd h i b eth e ; b t 90
ise d h i t d d :ad
s tric t sense to p o ers ns e n s n er as a s r r n u
mo ee xt nsi v l y to th
r e w h o befo e J ud os e re as ra s s an ar
WW
, ,
e n e sa r s ca se . a
J ew r ent l y mam
“
‘
l y t th a t Je u al e m by t h me rcil
'
c ul ar o os e s ec a r s e ess
A l x d i by th
e an l P tol my P h il opa te — Prfi e u
r a e c r ue e r. a l
’
8 O " .
v ol . ii vol .
’
.
p 19 3
. . G il l ie s H is tory , iii p [ 93
. . .
ga ge me n ts th e a rmy w h ichthe s e e n ,
.
to s ixty fi v e th ous a n d me n -
J udas ga ine d a com .
.
sh i
p w
, h ich h a d b ee n in te rru te d for th re e
p y ea rs
a
p r o f u s ion of orn a me n ts w a s con se cr a te d a n e wtt o ,
.
'
J uda s a n d h is w e re n ot a bl e to e xp e l th e
S y ria n s from th e ir fortre ss on moun t A cra which ,
o w e rfu l a n d v ig il a n t is on xl
p
'
rr
ga
e s ta bl is h me n t 0f th e Je w s u n ite d a ga in s t th e m a n d , ,
l ~
Fo r a
p artic u l a r a ccou n t of th e b ttl b
a es etw ee n th e Sy ria ns a nd '
t l Ma cca bees iv .
24 I NTR O DUCTIO N .
k d
a tta c e th em on d
b e ing res olv ed to d es troy
a l l s i e s,
'
w ors h i e r of J e h ov a h B ut J uda s a n d hi s
'
e ver
y pp .
ce l v ed th e a l a rming n e w s th a t a l l th e J ew s ha d
,
.
sca rcel d b ok of
‘
y u tt e re sa
y s th e , a u th o r of t h e o
c on tin ue d to r o e cu te th e w ar a ga in s t th e J e w ish
p s
na tion s ]
S ome time a fte r th e dea th of th e ty ra n t, J uda s
la id cl ose s iege to th e tow e r of A cra w hich Ap p ol ,
R ll i A i t H i t y l viii
o
’
n s nc e n s or , vo . .
1 2 M '
be ix J ph acca l iii p 6 9
es . ose us , v o . .. . .
W
26 I NTRO D UC T I ON .
ho
'
‘
B C
. . O nias , th e s on of O nia s 111 .
un cl e M e ne l a us w ith d re w in to E g
y p t
, In di m
g m t a t .
a ss ig n e d a p ortion of l a n d a n d a n a d e q ua te re v e n ue
,
te mp l e w a s H el iop ol is or th e c ity of th e s un , It .
as in th e ca ita l of J ud ea xl
'
p
D e me trius s on of S el eucus P h il op a ter a nd
, ,
a n d th rea te n e d to d es tro th e te m l e w as s l a in in
y p ,
g ion s s l a ugh te r j
4 ' I i h xix 18 19
sa a . t J , ph u h i ii p 5 9
. ose : I b id
:3 s, vo . . . .
I NTRO DU C T I O N . 27
W
s tate ! Bu t p re v io usl y to th e re turn of th e a mba s
‘
sado r; D em
i
W
r t t e .
r o a ch of th is formida bl e a rm th old i o f
a
pp y e s e rs
'
,
w in g of th e id ol a trou s a r m ; a n d ch a se d th efl e e in g
y
troops to M ou n t Az otus But a t l en g th b e in g sur
.
roun de d on a l l s id e s a n d ov e r ow ered by n u
, p m b e rs ,
, p
enem ie s His d ea th was dee p l y l a me n te d a nd h is
.
,
‘
B: C . T h e d ea th of J u d a s fi ll e d h is cou n
try me n w ith th e u tmos t c on s te rna tion w h il e th eir
e ne m
,
sa l e m p ut ma n y Of th e a d h e re n ts of th e M a cca b ee s
,
J ew s a t th is time w e re e q ua l to a n th e
y y
h a d e x p e rie n ce d s in ce th eir re turn from Ba b y l on .
‘
wic k ed nes s , a nd e x p re d in agonies
i Th e p arty of .
p e a ce w a s c oncl ud ed s l
'
W
s ia s tica l affai rs of his coun tr
y . T h e increa s e of h is
re
p uta tion a n d s ucces s , in d uce d th e co mp e titors for
th e S y ria n mona rch y to court h is frien d s h ip a nd a s
hav in g b ee n v a ca n t s e v e n y ea rs from th e d ea th of
Al cimus. J on ath a n a l s o forme d a n a ll ia n ce w ith th e
Roma ns a n d L a ce demon ia n s a n d ren d ere d h imsel f ,
By th e d
or e r o f p roph e ts H gg
a a i an d Zech a ria h , l ow wal l or
a
incl os u re w as b il t
u rou n d th e s a nctua ry to se p a ra te th e l
h o y from th e
unh ol y l
; a nd th e ru e w as , th a t w ith in th is no u ncircu mcised pe rson
w ho ente r Al cimu s in orde r to i
.
, gv e th e Ge ntilg e ua q l lb i erty
th is wa ll of pa rtition to be p u lle d
v ol . ii p 2 6 4
. . .
ol e ma is
a S ria n u s ur er i th e C it o f P t ‘ O ne
y p n y , .
B C . . A fte r th e d ea th of J on a th a n the ,
W
th e div in e l a w : At l e n g th h ow e v er C
[ B , ,
. .
ca s tl e of
O
W
h is s on s sl
y m urd e red a fte r h e ha d
govern e d th e J ew s eigh t y ea rs xl .
i
hi ston s Jo
sep h u s, v ol . v Ma ce a b x—rxi v
’
.
p . 13 . l . . H
t l M acca bees x v i .
30 I NTRO DUCT I ON .
o
pp ortu n it
y to e n d o m
l a rge
i n ion s a nh is
d d el iv er ,
W
’
ra i
p ydl a dv a n cin g to th e me r id ia n of th eir
p owe r .
W
.
W
g rea te r d e gree of s p l en d our th a n e v e r en
'
l
1 Rol in s Ancien t
’
Hi ts ory .
T O
IN R D U T C I ON . 31
w ere
'
P ha r is e es ,
q uire d grea t
o, at th is time h a d ac
o w e r a n d p op ul a rity ; a n d h a d in ce n se d th e k in g
p
by ca ll in g i n q ue s tio n h is ti tl e to th e h ig h p r ie s th ood .
a uth orit
y tw ent
y n in e
y e a rs d ie d i n p e a ce
-
g re a tl y , ,
d ia d e m a n d th e titl e of k in g T h e comme n ce me n t
,
.
of h is re ig n w a s ma rk e d w ith s e v e ra l a c ts of d e
supp ose th a t th e y a ro se a o ut an b h un d re d .
a nd fifty y ea rs e fore th e b
a p p ea ra nce of o u r S via ou r . J os e p h us , w ho wa s l
h imse f of th is se c t,
pe a
s k s of it as fl o u ri s h in g i n th e time of J on a th a n g
th e h i h p ries t .
E nfi cld
’
s Ph il osop hy . See a sol Sec tion V f . or a fu rth er a ccount of th is
1'
J ose ph us, v o l . v .
p 19. .
32 I NTRO DUC T I ON .
q u is h ed . Afte r a sh ort re i gn th e ty ra n t ex
p ired ,
fill e d
s c ie n ce
w ith th e
.
“ E
ut mos t h orror a nd re morse of co m
B C . . Al exa n d er
J a n n eus b roth er of ,
A ris tob ul us ,
b e in g l ibe ra te d from p rison a sce n ded
‘
,
G il ea d a n d M oa bitis D uring h is re ig n h ow ev er
,
.
, ,
a tte mp ts ga v e r is e to a civ il w a r w h ic h l as te d s ix
'
th e v ictory in a d ec is iv e b a ttl e a n d p un is h e d h is ,
W
.
in th e 2 7 th y ea r O f h is re ig n a fter h e h a d b e ,
W
.
h e n th e q ue e n a sc e n d e d th e th ron e in compli ,
Joseph u s , v ol . v .
p 19. .
Th e prac tice of O b l g g th
i in e na tions , wh o en t] by t he
Jew s, to q ui t the ir co u ntry or e mb ra ce the Mo sa ifi el igion ‘
w as a m»
m
, ,
ria bl y fo ll o we d by th e A
s monean p rinces
— Ro a s 4 a ’
. H is tory ,
v ol . ix p 2 2 1
. . .
34 I NT RO DUC T I O N .
'
l m
sa e .
41
1 ‘ J
z t l 1
‘
B C . . In i th is s itua tion O f affa irs , A ris to:
b ul us i mp l ore d t th e p rote ction O f th e Roma ns, a nd
h is p e tition b e in g accomp a n ie d with l a rge p re sents ,
‘
ef
fectua lly a n s w e re d h is p urpo
-
s e, and in d uce d th e .
A reta s comma n d in g h im to
‘
bl i to w rite to
‘
re u
p c ,
, y T h e A ra b ia n .
p rin ce o b e
y e d th e in j u n ction a nd A ri s tob ul us ,
.
“
,
p a re n t im p a rtia l ity
.
a nd d is mis s e d th,e m w ith a
arc h e d w h h s w h ol e
i t i a rm a
ga in s t VJ eru ;
y
.
sa l e m
1 .
th e ms elv e s to th e l a s t e xtremity
'
cl os el b e 5 1e e d th e m an d th s
y g e
.
w ith w h ich th e J e ws Ob se rv ed th
*J
4 ose
p h us, v ol . i
. 2
p 8 . . 1’
I b id .
i I b id . vol . v .
p 30. .
I NTRODUCT I ON . 35
th e comme n ce me n t O f th e M a cca b ea n w ar Th e y ,
'
th e J e ws Obse rv e as a s ol e mn fa s t for th e ta k in g O f
a n d te m l e b
'
r ior O ffi ce rs h e e v e n p e n e tra te d in to th e h ol y of
,
fi ce u n touc h ed a n d ord e re d th e p ri es ts to ma k e a
'
s ol e mn p urifica tion
'
'
v ol . iv p 2 9 3
. . .
I NTRO DUC TIO K
S E C TI O N I V .
a l l the tow ns ta k e n b t h e J e ws ga ve l ib t t
y e r
y o ,
e s ca p e from R ome ,
a nd a p
p a re d in th a t coun try at
th e h e a d Of a formid a bl e 5 h ad l eft
th e ma n a ge me nt of afl a irs ’
0, h a v ing
us e d e v e ry fi to in
a rti ce w ith th e
R oma n s ,
w a s e na bl e d by th e ir a ss is ta nce
, , to su
p p re s s
J ph ml p 3 4
ose us , . . .
tur nonv crrou . 37
the r be ion
e ll . S ome time a fte r , A ristob ul us ob ta in e d
ed ar t i n Pa
p y
md
w e re fru s tra te d; a nd h e
co m itte to p rison A fe w y ea rs a fte r, .
s e t h im a t l ib ert , in ord e r to a in h is
sa r
y g
a s is ta n ce a
s ga in s t P om e
p y a n d b oth h e a nd h is s on
°
on h is march a ga in s t th a t na tion s to e d t J u
pp a er
sa l e m a nd
, s tim u la te d by h is ins a tia bl e a va ric e
.
,
W
.
,
,
'
G a l il ee for h is s econ d s on Fl a re d ; i r s
J phose l v p 3 7 —4 0
us , vo . t fbid
. .
1 I b id p 4 3
4
. .
‘
. . .
38 I NTRO DUCT I ON .
ful p a trona ge of M a rk A n th on y w h o w a s th e n in ,
th e z e n ith oi h is p ow er wa s i na ug ura te d k in g of
'
.
,
J ud e a .
th e mos t a ffl ue n t a mo n g th e m h e ca us e d to b e p u t to .
d ea th a nd con fi s ca te d th e ir e s ta te s i n ord e r to re
,
J ph l v p 43
os e us , v o . . . .
I NTRO DU CTI ON . 39
t
p y cof
fe rs . T h e ty ra n t . d ecoy e d
m Pa rth ia ,
w h e re h e h a d fle d . for
con tra r
y to th e mos t so e l mn ga ge en
w h o w as pp oin ted I h i h
a
g
p rie s t, was d row ne d
ba th by h is con triva nce in a .
Mar ia mne ,
w h o d es ce n d e d fro m th e il l us
hi s q uee n ,
w ere c on d e mn e d to s uffe r d ea th H e sa cr ifi ce d h is .
‘
b y h is b ou n dl ess e xtra v a ga n ce .
su o s e d e n e mies h e b e ga n to e xl ub it a mar k e d
pp ,
th e be g in n in g of h is re ig n to th e fi n a l d es truc tion O f -
b u t w e re s et Up a n d r e mov e d a t h is p l ea s ure a n d ,
th ea tre a n d a mp h ith e a tr e to ce l e b ra te ga me s in ,
J ph ose u s.
l H
' '
d h d b
ero bl ig d t p p b f th g d h d im
a ee n o e o a ea r e o re e ra n sa n e r ,
in do r er t w f
o a ns hi d t p v i l y t h i b t i i g th
er or s con uc , re ou s o s O a n n e
g l d ig ity
re a n d f m ; p i iplan f rov g h tt k d th
a r nc e o re en e e a ac e e
asse mb l y w h i h by d g
, cl t it p w e rees os s o e r.
4O mrnon ucrms '
.
c it w as ab sol utel d v t d d b v i t t th e
y y e o e an s u se r o
.
en r
Roma n s .
W
'
“
,
div ine
B C
.
. A fte r He ro d h ad a ma ssed a p eedi
. e
on s trea s ure b h
g y
‘
p e nd o us d es ig n T h e m a g n ifi ce n t s tr uc ture
. w h ich ,
, , ,
a
pp eara mce ,
sa
ysJ os ep h us , e xlfi b ite d
eve ry th in g , tha t cou ld s trik e the min d a nd as toni s h
th e si gh t I t wa s very d
s i e cove re d w ith sol id
'
. on e
’
. s . vo . . . 81 . .
I It wa b u il t of h d
‘'
s ar w h ite s tone s ma gn it ud e .
Hen e th e d isc ip l es
c ,
of the
Xciiit — See H a r u ood I ntr od ucti on to ( h e j fl l w t Te s ta men t, VO L u .
’
l . s
p 15 8
. .
42 I NTRODUCTI ON .
v
e e ry coun try exce p t J ud ea
, th e p re domina nt a nd , ,
v it
y a n d th e J e w is h s ta te a n d tr u e re l ig io n w ere , ,
alm
'
wa s born th e te mp l e of J a n us w a s s h u
, t to in tima te ,
th a t th e n a tion s of th e e a rth w e re at
p e a ce T h is
re ma rka bl e p ea ce, ges of tumul t a n d
a fte r s o ma ny a
w a r w a s a fi t p re l ud e to th e introd uction of th e
*
,
gl or o s p n ce of p ea ce in to th e w orld
i u ri .
, ,
th e s en te n ce w a s n ot e xec u te d ; a n d th e n a tion re
ce d a t th e ir d e l iv e ra n c e
j o i .
A rch el a us w h o ob ta in e d h al f th e k in gd om u n d e r
, ,
Mosh e itn ’
s Eccl es ias ti ca l H isto ry , v ol . i p 16
. . . 1
‘
M a tth ew xi
.
Jo se p h u s , v ol . v .
p . 15 4 .
I NTRO DUCT I ON . 43
a ccus a
.
T h e p ow e r of l ife an d d e a th w a s ta k e n fromth e J e ws
the ir ta xes w e re reg ul a rl y ga th ere d b y th e p ubl ica ns ;
a n d j us tice w a s from th a t time a d min is tere d in th e
'
n a me an d b
, y
‘
t h e l a ws
'
of R o m e
* .
C
S E TI O N v .
Of fl re d g
fl g th e J 6 203 , at
'
Q
’
h ea r a n ce u on ea rth
o
f rzst s a
pp ' p .
T H oUG u th e J e w is h na tio n ,
at th e time of our
S a v iou r s ’
a
p p e a ra n ce , re ta in e d th e w ors h ip o f th e
'
true G od ,
th ey h a d g1oss l y p e rv e rte d th e ir re l ig ion ,
by e xa l ting th e tra d ition s of th e ir a n ces tors a b ov e
th e l
c e a r a nd v p os iti e inj u n ction s of th e ir l a w a nd
obj e ct of ma n w s to ob ta in o l r l a u se ;
y a
p p u , a a
pp
he nce th ey p ubl icl y d is p l a e d a l l th e p ara d e of os
y
te n ta tions ch arit a n d w e re p riv a tel g u il t o f th e
y y , y
W
V
t
e ha v e no ki g b n ut Ce sa r,
”
irre fra g bly
a s he w th a t it h ad a rri vd
e .
s iritua l
p p r id e t h e
y cons id e
, re d t h e m s el v e s as th e
th ose w h o p os se s se d a ny d eg re e of a uthority ha d ,
e xa m p l e ra n h ea d lon g in to ev e r k in d of ini ui t
, y q y ,
a nd ,
by th eir s ed itious robb eries a n d e x tortion s , , ,
a n d v e n g ea n ce of m an .
re w a rd s a n d u n is h me n ts a nd th e n a ture of v irtue
p ,
.
T he ra bb ies ,
o r th e tea ch e rs of ea ch se
Th e J ews and S a ma ri
v iol e ntl y o
ppose d to e ach oth e r . T h e la tter, a t fi rs t ,
i
Ha rwood s Introd l c ti o n, v ol i p 108, 103. M osh eim
‘
. . .
in j
co n un ction w ithMe nas ses w ho
o th er deities ,
till ,
th e book of th e l a w a nd ta ug h t the m to w or s h ip th e ,
h ow e v er th ey did n ot a ll ow to be of d iv in e a uthority
,
n ot a
pp e a r to h a v e in te rr u
p te d th e u n ifo r mi ty o f
rel ig ious w ors h i i n w h ich th e J e w s of e v er se ct
p , y
a l w a s s e e m to h a v e b ee n u n ite d
y f -
see s
‘
in j
c on un ction , th a t th e g rea tes t nu mb er of
W
e X poun ta ugh t itto the p e cfi l l e .
Th e P h arisee s w e re p ll
ri n ci a
p y d is tin g uish e d by
Ba rra ge p 115
, Je
. . g J wi h A tiq ui ti s
n nin s
’
e s n e .
t J en n n i g J wi h M
’
s e s [1 3 92
. .
46 mr nonucrron
' '
.
tr a d ition s T h ey .
th e ora l l a w w e re d el iv e re d by G od to M ose s on
, ,
of th e b ody fi
"
Ac cord in g to J os e p h us th ey ma in ,
tha gorea u res urrec tion , tha t is, th e trans mi ra tion of th e sou g l into
W
an othe r bod y . Da i vd Le m , on th e oth er h a n d , asse rts, th a t the
P ha risees k ne w and ta ught th e true resurrectio of th e bod y a d soul n n
ass a ges i th e O ld T es ta me t
n h e nce h e asse rts th a t t
nh e doctrine
p .
,
and p ni h m
u e ts w s wel l known and esta b l ish e d
s n a th e Jewish tio na n,
a n r, a
,
a . a :
J m c, p p 2 5 5 — 2 6 1
th e .
“
.
T h is d e nomina tion , by th e ir a
pp a re n t sa nctit
y of
fa v ou r He n ce th ey ob ta in ed th e h igh es t oflices
. :
-
k in d l imp urity : th e ir
of ritua l on g a n d fre q ue nt
ra e rs
p y m a de n ot on l
, y i n th e s n a o u e s a n d
y g g _
te mp l e s b ut in th e p u bl ic s tre e ts
,
th e ir p h y l acterie s
; ,
t?
"
9
poo r . Bu t wh e th er h e is to be wic kd
e o r ri gh t eou s , Vi ci ous or
J os e
ph us .
48 INTRO DIJQ TI ON .
utre fa ction.
p
The a b ov e accoun t is c onfi r me d b y th e testimony
of th e J e w is h w ri te rs t h e msel v e s T he Ta l mu dic .
sh utting h is e y e s as h e w a lk ed to a v oid th e s ig h t of
, ,
W
Th e se ct of th e S a dd ucees wa s v
in cons idera bl e in
nu mb e r b ut s ome of th ose w h o p rofe ssed its te n e ts ,
we re of ill ustrious fa mil ies , a n d oth e rs d istinguish e d
-
for th e ir p ul e nce o
. e fi n d th a t
.
.
, Ca ia p h a s a n
h ig h p ries t, w as of th is d en omina tion, an d J ose p hus
me ntion s se v eral oth er S a dd uce es w h o were e xa lted , .
to th e s u p re me p ow e r in ch urch a n d s ta te T he
'
All l aw s a nd d
tra itions n ot co mp reh en d e d in th e
writte n l a w, a re to b e re ecte j d as m elyer
'
h uma n
2 "
Ba r wo o d I ’
s d uctio
ntro n.
d s Je w ish Antiq E nfi cl d P h il o s . v ol . 11
’
t G o win
’
.
p . 45 . s .
p .
50 I NTR O D UC T I O N .
p
l e tire to th e w ood s a n d mou n ta in s T h ey ma in .
‘
ta in e d th a t re w a rd s a n d pu n ish me n ts e xte n d e d to
,
th e s oul a l on e a n d re ga rd e d th e b od a s a ma s s
, y
of m a l ig na n t ma tter a n d th e ris on of th e i mmorta l
,p
s irit T h e g re a tes t p a rt of th is s ec t con s id e re d th e
p
.
.
l a w s of M os es a s a n a ll egorica l sy s te m of s p iritua l
a nd my s te rious truth a n d re n ou n ce d a ll re ga r d
,
w h a t re gard e d p e rs on a l cl ea n l in es s th e ob se rv a tion ,
of th e s a bb a th a n d ma k in g a n a n n u a l p re s e n t to th e
,
a s ta te of ce l ib a c a n d a d o te d th e c h ild re n of
y , p
oth e rs ,to e d u ca te th e m in th e ir ow n p rincip l es a n d
c us to ms . T h oug h th ey w e re in g e n e ra l a v e rse to
, ,
s w e a rin g or to re q uirin g a n oa th
,
th ey bou n d aii , ,
p 170
. .
INTR DUC I O T ON "
. 51
Pbil o m
ent ions tw o cla sse s of Es s e nes ; on e of
fesse d
’
a th e oreticay m l T h e la tte r w h o w ere
s s te .
,
ca l l e d T h era p e utz
e
p la ce d th e ir w h ol e fel ic ity in th e
,
con te m l a tion of th e d iv in e n a tu re D e ta ch in g
p .
a n d re tire d to s ol ita r l w h e re th e d e vo t ed
'
a ce s
y p y ,
W
y .
th is k in d w a s forme d n ea r Al e xa n d ria w he re th ey
'
e n ts; to
p
h ich th e i n h a b ita nts re tired for the p urp ose s of
dev otion f "
a
pp e a ra n ce ; th e m H e rod ia n s
en tion ed b y th e ,
th e Grea t ,
a nd w e re d is tin guish e d by th e ir i
co ncid in g
w ith th e p la n of th a t mona rch to s ubj ect h i msel f a n d
W
h is d omin ion s to th e R oma n s ; a n d a l so by com
l in g w ith ma n of th e h ea th e n u sa g es T h e ir
py y .
, .
W
,
s n ages 1n th e c ourt of Ra a
of th e
p rin cip a l
p e r o
Enfi el d , v ol . ii .
p 186
. .
E 2
52 i nr noouc rros '
.
st led
y S a dd u ce e s T h e H e rod ia n s w ere n ot s o
, ,
IE
d ecea se fi
T h e G a ul on ites w ere G a l il ea n s , wh o d e riv e d th is
na me from on e J ud a s T h eud a s a ,
v
n a ti e of G a ul on,
in U pp er G a l il ee, w h o in th e te nth y ea r of J es us,
th ey w e re th e e l e ct of G od th a t h e a lo n e w a s th e ir ,
c it a nd te m l e in th e ir ow n d e s tr uction xl
y p
M a n y of th e J e w s we re a tta ch e d to the orie n tal
p h i l oso h
p y c on c e r n in g th e o r ig in of th e w o rld .
th e J e w s h a d imb ib e d this s y s te m a p p ea rs e v id e n t
'
, ,
J osep h us . Pride a u x s ’
C
rma on ucn on . 53
a n d te m l e a n d th e ir con s e q ue nt d is p e rs ion a n d
p ,
CH APT E R I .
Ty y f th R m g v m t i J d — H d A g ipp m d
ra nn o e o an o e rn en n u ea . e ro r a a e
k i g — Th mp
n C l ig l
e e tt mp t t h v h i
e ro r t ta
pl di
u a a e s o a e s s a ue a ce n
th t mp l
e f J
e el m—R i t o f th J w — D th f
e ru sa e es s a nce o e e s ea o
H od A g ip p
er A b it y d t f th R m g v
r a !
r ra r c on uc o e o an o e rn o rs.
M y J w d p rt f f ig
an e s e a t i — N mb
or f J w i J
o re n
’
cou n r e s u er o e s n e
l m t th P
r u sa e a v —Th p digi wh i h p d d th
e as s o e r. e ro es c re ce e e
w — O f th
an t t p e ti g th
co n e sity f C res J w ecd n e c o esa rea . -
e s an
Sy i t k
r a ns
p as l V t
e u mb d t y d
a nn . b th id
-
as nu e rs es ro e on ; o s es .
Th Jew t k e v
e sl imp t t f t
a se era — C ti G l l m h or a n or res ses . es us a us a rc es
ag ina t t h m;
s d b i ge J anl m — Th Ch i ti
es e ti r t
es e rus a e e r s ans re e o
P ll —J w m k g t p p ti f w — V p i i
e a. e s a e re a tre a ra on s or a r. es as a n s sen
g i t th m wi th p w f l my — l i d
a a ns
'
e a th i ti
o f
er u ar e re u ce s e c es o
G l il — 0f th p t i
a ee m g th J w — O f th
e ar iv il w
es ai on e e s e c ar n
J l mg m d th
er u sa e l ty f th Z l t V p i i p
n e c r ue o e ea o s F -
es a s an s ro
l im d mp a d d hi T it t t mi t th w by
m
c a e e e ror , n se n s s s on us o er na e e ar
th e re d uctio n 6? Jerusa l e .
ea e rl y e xp ec te d a te mp ora l d e l iv erer a l a rg e
g ,
n umb e r a ck n owl e dg e d h im a s th e tr ue M e s s ia h .
T h e a p os tl es a l so in ob e d ience to th e comma n d ,
of th e ir d iv in e M a s te r b e ga n to p rea ch th e G os p e l ,
ma ny w e re c on v e rted
fi rs t C h ris tia n ch u rch
,
a nd th e
w a s foun d e d a t J e rusa l e m But th e u n b e l ie v in g .
J e ws w h o h a d rej e c te d a n d crucifi e d th e P r in ce of
,
a n d foll ow e rs a nd in th e in fa n cy o f th e C h r is tia n
, ,
C urch th ey e re
h ,
w its m os t rue l p e rs e c u te rs
c "
Th e .
E
mos t s ig na l ma rk s of d iv in e v e ng e a n ce h ow e v e r , ,
s oon u rs ue d th is in fa tua te d e o l e ; a n d th e
p p p p re
a ccom l is h e d
p .
ma n s con s ta n tl y in s ul te d th e fe el ings of th e J e ws
, ,
th e ir c ity ; a n d a t l e ng th a tte mp te d to d ra in th e
trea sury of th e te mp l e u nd er p re te nce of b ring in g ,
of th e t ra n n a n d ra in e of P il a te h e w as s u e r
y y p p ,
seded a nd
,
i n e xtre me p ov e rty a n d misery
, p e ,
r is h e d by s uic id e a t V ie n n e in F ra nce
th e G re t w as p romote d to th e r e ga l d ig n ity
a
, and ,
Th e ear ly l
ecc es ia s tica l h isto rians , as we ll as th e Ne w T esta o
1’
Jo seph us , v ol . 7 .
58 n i sr onv or r a n JE S W .
irrita ting
'
th e minds
the p eop l e b y th e of .
mo t s
of re vo l t ; w hil e th e fa l s e p rop h e ts (w h o w e re s o
w e re a p p re h e n de d a n d k il l e d e v ery da y ) w e re con
tin ua l l y bl ow in g th e fl a me s of s e d ition ,
T h e p eop l e .
, ,
ma d e th e ir e sca p e d;
J u d e a d urin g th e gc wernrne n t of F el ix w a s 1n
, ,
W
and . :
M
J ph
ose us s
’
a rs of th e Jw
e s , v ol . v .
p. 184 . 1 '
T a c itu s .
3
; T h i i s s su
p p ose d to h ve h a a
p pene d 1
in th e yea r of Ch rist 5 5 .
s J ph
ose us , v ol . v .
p 184 , 185
. .
n m onv or ra n JE S W . 59
W
of h is a d minis tra tion th e a ssas s in s w e re S p rea d in g
, .
a nd fre q u e n t d e
p os itio ns o f th e J e w is h p o n tifi s ,
r a
.
p .
p m ed h im in w ic k e d n es s ; a nd
gl o r ie d in h is g rea ter .
.
d ,
e
Jo ph l v p M U iv H i t v l p 3 47 6
’
se u s, vo . . . a vor s n . s . o . u. . .
l Jo p h
, se 7 L v p 186
us , 0 g . . .
60 '
n rs ron v or TH E W
JE S .
ru sal e m a t th e p as s ov e r ea rn e s tl b es eec h in g h im
, y ,
to d el iv e r th e m from th e ty ra nn y of th e ir c rue l go
v ernor C e stius ins tea d of ma k in g a s trict in q u iry
.
,
a ge n e ral
p rom is e th a t h e sh ould be h a v e b ette r for
,
W
th e fu tu re .
e a r th q ua k e s a n d te rrifi c s igh ts in th e h ea v e n s a
, p ,
rel a te s,
th a t b e fore th e re b e ll ion w h e n a grea t ,
a l ig h t s h on e roun d th e a l ta r a n d th e te m p l e th a t , ,
it s e e me d to b e b righ t da y ; th a t a fe w da y s a fter
'
cl ou ds ,
a nd s urrou n d in g c itie s ; a n d th at th e p ries ts ,
Jo ph u l v p 187 se s, v o . . . .
111s 3! or r a n JE S W . 61
cr ing , d ep a rt h en ce
Le t us
y
.
h istoria n w h o sa y s
,
P orten ts a n d p rod igies a n ,
i n th e con fi n es of S y ria a n d J u d ea Th e J ew s .
1 '
M u rp h
y
’
s T ac itus . Dr J ortin
. re ma rks , th a t if Ch ris t h ad no t
y t . s on
W
W
2 in s ron v
'
or ‘
rn r: JE S .
th e J e S T his e ve nt wa s th e imm
. ed ia te ca use of
iti a ted in th e d e s tr
u ction of J e rusa l e fi t
m
n
i
bl is he d , th an th e J e w in al l a t f th e e
s oon er u s r s or
p p ,
countr , took u rm s ; A r i pa , 1 wh o h a p pe h d
g p
y p a
e
to be a t J erusa l e m a t th e com me nc emen t of the war ,
atte mpt d t e o a
pp ea se th e fury
‘
of th e mul titu d e by an
col ours
'
, an
y
-
of th e J e w s in o n g th e mas te rs of the w or ld
'
pp o s i ;
co
'
.
eou fitr
y m en to la -
y d ow n th e w ea p on s of th eir
,
were a l ik e d is re ga rd e d ; a n d h e w a s comp e ll ed to
d
p rovi e for h is
p e rs o n a l sa f e ty yb q u itt in g th e c i t fl
y 4
"
,
-
T h e fl a me s of in te s tin e w a r n ow ra g e d with
s is tibl e fur
y i n e v er
y p a r t o f th e u nh a
ppy p ro v in de ,
y
J ph u s, v ol
se v p 18 8
W
. .
i
l ’
He was th e son g eat gr d
of Ag r ppa , r an son to Herod , J
na d k h t g
Cha l c is id d hi fly t J l m a nd o ta in
b d the d mi
’
of . H e re s e c e a e ru s a e ,
e a
n istra ti o n o f th t mp l
e d
e ig h t te, pp an a r o a oint or d epose [be hi gh
p ries ts . h th h ig h p i t A
en e h d r es nnu u s , a co n d em ed S t J m to
n . a es
fi th h is siste r Be rn ice , he a rd St .
J os e p h u s , vo L v .
p 2 15
. .
'
u rs ron v o r TH E JE S W . 63
h ow e v e r s oon re v e n ged on th e J e w s i n S y th op ol is
, .
p u ttin
g a l l th e R om a n s to th e s word w a s ra z e d to ,
th e rou nd x l
g
'
4,
U p on th e ge n eral re v ol t of th e J ews Ces tiu s
,
G a ll us , S y ria , ma rch e d at th e h e a
‘
d of
a p ow e r an d G a l il ee , b u rn mg a ll
th e tow ns a nd fl fl la ge s in h is wa y , a nd l gh te rin g
s au
ibe on a c it a b out
, y
nu mb e rs of J ew s ,
y ,
tha t h is wh o le
J ose
ph u s , v ol . v .
p . 2 15 . 1
'
I b id .
64 msronv or TH E JE S W .
ar my w a s in Agrip p a w ho j oin e d h im
d a n ge r .
,
a e a se h is re b e ll ious coun tr me n b s e n d in g tw o of
pp y y
h is oflice rs to th e m w ith p rop osa l s of p ea ce But .
m m m
“
re ul s e d th e re b el d d h i l f t f th
l owe r p a rts of J e ru sa l e m * J ose p h us sa y s
p a n a e s se , a s e r o e
If .
,
w ould h a v e ta k e n th e c ity ; b ut G od b e in g a n g ry
w ith th e w ick e d w ould n ot s u ffe r th e w a r to be
,
u w a rd s of fi ve th ousa n d of h is a rm xl
'
p y
It is re cord e d b y a n a n cie n t h istoria n I th a t th e ,
H a v in g ca ll e d to min d th e w a rn in g of th e ir d iv in e
M a s ter tha t w h e n th ey s h ould s ee J e rusa l e m en :
, ,
ima g e s s ta n d in g in th e h ol y p l a ce t h e
y s h oul d ,
Ab t A D 6 7
ou . . 1 J .
ph
'
ose us.
i E b i
u se E l i ti’
us s l H i t y B
cc es a sk i ii h pca 5 s or , oo . c a . .
Th e Roma n ar mie s a re y l d th
st b e , e a o min a tion of de s ol a ti on ,
th e ir gd
o s a nd e mp e ro rs , w h ic h th e y ca rrie d in th e ir s ta n d d
ar s, by
wh ich th e y s wore , a nd to w h ich th e y s a cri fi d ce . Th e us u l o
a rna .
me nts of
'
th e se s ta n d d g v
ar s a e s u ch offe nce to th e J e ws , th a t, in
k a nd th e l b ra te d w rite r of th e q
a n ti u itie s a nd
‘
ra n ,
ce e
wa rs of th e J e ws ,
wa s a
pp ointe d gov ernor of th e
tw o G a i ee s ll .
, ,
w e re e a ch time re p ul s e d w ith th e l os s O f te n th ou ,
s a n d of th e ir n u mb er in th e fi rs t a n d e i h t th ou sa n d
g ,
in th e s econ d e n ga g e me n t .
a s sa ul t ; a l l th e a d ul ts w ere p u t to th e s w ord a nd
,
fi re s e t to th e a dj a ce n t tow ns a n d v ill a ge s T he .
y p .
s e h us
p b e ing a
, pp r iz e d of th e ir d e s ig n s u
pp l ie d the ,
v a l ou r for forty s e v e n d a y s -
Th e R oma n s h owe .
,
T h e ca p tiv es a mou n te d to on e w o h un
'
occa s ion .
ale
Joseph u s , v ol . v .
m o m or TH E JE S W . 67
e sca
p e d th e g e n e ra l ma ssa cr e b y fl y in g fr om th e ,
th e m if th ey w e re d ete r min e d u p on d e a th to d ra w
, ,
tw o la s t s ur v ivors w e re J os ep h us , a nd a
p e rs on
w h om h e ea s il y p e rs ua d e d to l iv e T he
J e w is h
co mma n d er , up on h is a rriva l in th e Ro ma n ca mp ,
W
ass u re d V es p a s ia n ,
th a t he s h ou ld soon be c h os e n
h a ta th e in h a b ita n ts of J a p h a a n e ig h b our in g
p , ,
city ,
re b ell e d T h e ge n era l se n t a p ow erful a rmy
.
w e re a n d th e w ome n a n d c h ild re n ma d e
“
w h o ha d 11 a riotou s ma n n e r on M ou n t
G erizmm , all
p u t to th e s w ord or ,
:
p er ish ed J o pa
p .w hi c h h a d b e e n f or
, m e rl y { l a id
wa s te by C es tius b e in g n ow re p e op l e d a n d fortifi e d
,
-
J eph l v p 2 93 os us , v o . . . .
F 2
W
68 H I S TO RY or TH E a s.
by th e b rok e n s h ip s ; a n d s uch a s w e re e na bl e d to
r ea ch th e s h ore w e re k ill e d b y th e me rcil ess R oma n s .
a bl e fu ry T h e R . o m a ns a l s o o b tain e d a l d e c is ive
J ph ose l p 2 9 4
us , v o N . w 7 .m d.b ti. o e Lo dco
’
e s se rv a ons on ur r ,
p . 2 2 8.
H IS T O RY OF TH E JE S W . 69
v ictory ove r th e J e w s ,
who had re tire d to a s tron g
h ol d on Moun t I ta b y s .
T itus ,
w ho w as b es ie ge G isch a l a e a r nes tl y
se nt to ,
fa c tion v e h e me n tl y O p p os e d it ; a n d h a v in g th e
,
.
,
w a s g ra n te d h e w ith a n u mb er of h is foll ow e rs
, .
,
, ,
fl ig h t ea rnestl y b e s ough t h im n ot to p un is h th e
,
th e in ha b ita n ts of J e r us a l e m a ga in s t th e R oma n s f -
a n in ter v al of re os e ; d urin g th e re ma in d e r of th is
p ,
a n d i n th e foll ow in g e ar th e re v ol u tion s i n th e
y ,
comme nc in g th e s ie ge of J e ru s a l e m from b e in g ,
1
’
J
H
ose ph us .
e nce J osep h u s sa y s,
“ God sa v dJ
e oh n for the des tru ction of
J erusa e lm ,
”
p 2 94
. .
’
70 msr ortv '
on TH E JE S W .
ap
p ri ez d ,
th a t th e Je w s w e re w as tin g th e ir s tre ngh
t
by in tern a l d iv is ion s and fa cil ita ting th e q uest of
*
, co n
'
th e ir d e v oted c ity .
time
‘
T h e J ew is h
’ .
na tion d ivid e d at th is w er e
T h e more ra tional
‘
into tw o v e ry O p p os ite p a rties
'
“
t w h o cl e a rl s a w th a t th e w a r if c on tin u e d
p a r , y , ,
os t a b a n d on e d ch a ra cte rs e v e r re
cord ed in h is tory
:
T h ey we re th e re ma ins of th e
.
s e ct of th e G a ul on ite s w h ich w a s h ea d e d by J u d a s ,
h ea th e n s U nd er th e ma s k of re l igion th es e
. ,
, ,
in th a t c it
y b y a ba nd of ro bb e rs a nd i
a s s as s n s ,
se ize d u
p on th e te mp l e for a fo rtre ss , a nd th a t h o y l
p l ace wa s ma d e a th e a tre of ci v il wa r . T h e p p os ite
O
p a rt
y , un e r th e con d d uct of Ana n us , a w is e a nd
Jo ph l v p 35 5 t I b id p 33 4
se u s, v o . . . .
, . .
ti mes } ! o n TH E JE S W . 71
who h ad p rete n d e d to a
g re e w ith th os e, w h o d es ire d
pe
a eeée wa s s en t to Zeal ots w ith terms of a ccom
the
sne da tion b ut h e b etra y e d h is tru s t a n d e a rne s tly ,
, ,
atte m p t wa s ex tre m el
y h a z a rd o u s a s th e a v e n ues of ,
Jo ph seol p 87 8
us , v . 17. . .
72 ms ronv '
or TH E JE S W .
t t d h T h I d u me a n s h e re of J oh n s
’
p u o ea t e . w o w ,
p a rt
y ,
a t l e n g th c o m p l a in e d o f th e v a s t n umb e rs ,
w h o w ere ma ss a c re d ; re p e n te d of h a v in g j oin e d
th e ty ra n t a n d re tu rne d to th e ir na tiv e coun try l
, .
ae
a wa
y a ll w, h o w e re c a a bl e of o
p pp o s ing th e m ,
e n l is t u n d e r h is b a nn ers A fter h e h a d by th is .
,
, ,
th e g e n e ra l of th a t cou ntry a n d h a v in ga in e d
'
g ,
a rm d e s troy e d th e J e w s w ith ou t th e w a ll s a nd
y ,
th e ty ra n ny of J oh n , w h o, th ey a
p p re hend e d ,
e n te re d th e m e trop ol is a n d increa s e d th e ca l a m
, itie s
of th e misera bl e p eop l e w h o w e re e xp os ed al te r ,
ca l e
l d d ow n th e d iv in e w ra th by cruc ify ing the
,
r
,
w as d ischa rg e d up on th em by th a t v e ry n a tion ,
C H AP T E R 11 .
St reng th f J l m —Th J w
o e rusa e mb l d f m l l p t t k p
e e s a re as se e ro a ar s o ee
th e
p v — T
asso h ity i i
e r. v t d by T ite — Th
c
y m k g s t n es e u s. e a e re a
— Th
p p ti
re a ra f tt k
ons y g i th fi t d
or a n a ac d w ll e a n e rs an se con a .
A f mi a
g d i J
ne ra l m —I h m
e n
p ti f th Z l t
eru sa e n u an ra c ces o e ea o s a
J l mi
e ru sa e d d by w ll — T ib l it ti f th ity
s s u rrou n e a a . e rr e s ua on o e c .
—Th t m l i l d
p e p e d d
e d il ys i fi un t h —
e rel h t mp l
, an a sa cr ce ceas e .
'‘
e e e
t
s e ; on fi —H id m re . f th J w — A ll J
orr l m
assa cre o e e s. erusa e c on
q ue red by th e Roma ns .
— Th e te mp e l an d c ity d emol ish ed — Th . c
re ma inin g cas t e s l in J d
u ea a re ta k en.
E a ch wall w a s fortifi ed by .
.
,
Th e d a y on wh ich T it us en co mp as sed J e ru s a e l mw as ,
”
say s
a l a te a u th or, th e fe as t of
.
th e p as so er ; v a nd it is dese v i r g of
n
p a rt icu l
a r a tte n tion , th a t th is wa s th e v
a nn i e rs a r
y of th a t me mora b l e
‘
pe rio d in w h ich th e J am
, ifi d th i M ess i h cr u c e e r a .
”
Se e a
pa mp h l e t
en titl d Th e d es t uctio of J
e , l em b ol u te r n erusa an a s a nd irres isti bl e
l ish ed 1805 .
76 H I STO RY OF THE JE S W .
s olv e d to o os e th e common e n e m T h e ir fi rs t
pp y .
to a b a nd on th e ir ca mp s a n d fl ee to th e moun ta ins ,
.
a n imos it
y :
T h e Roma n s in th e mean time e x erte d a l l th e ir
, ,
Joseph us .
1 '
Bi h s op N ewco me remark s , th a t at th is pe rio d th e Ch i ti h d
r s a ns a
m Je rusa l e m a cc
gf ord i g to u Lo rd
’
an O
p port unity of e s ca p in ro ,
n o r s
Ob se rv a ti ons ,
p 2 42 . .
1J ose h us , v ol v i
p p 12 7 . . . .
H I ST O RY O F TH E JE S W . 77
h a d a l s o e n g in es w h ic h th ey p l ie d w ith u n common
,
W
e xec ution w h il e th e R oma n l eg ions ma d e te rr ibl e
,
w h il e th e J e ws retrea te d b eh in d th e s econ d e u
cl os ure :
l ae
b ega n to sh a k e a n d th e J e ws w h o occup ie d it
, , ,
erce iv in g th e ir i m e n d in g ru in s e t it on fi re d
p p a n , ,
re c i ita te d th e ms el v es in to th e fl a me s T h f ll f
p p e a o .
th e s e c on d e n cl os ure
.
T h ey w e re h owe v er re .
, ,
ul se d b th e b e s ieg e d b ut a t l e n g th r e ga in e d th e
p y
p l a ce e n tirel , a n d
y r
p p e a red for a tta ck in g th e th ird
a nd in n e r wa ll f
T h e v a s t n u mbe r of e o
p p ,e l w hich w e re e n c os el d
in J erusa l e m occa s ione d a fa min e w h ich ra g e d in
, ,
J phose u s , v ol . v i. p 38. .
, . . ersa s .
a rs r onv
'
or r a n JE S W .
th e fury of th e
Z ea l ots if p os s ibl e rose to a g rea ter
-
, ,
ci iz e n s in s ea rc h of
t ro v i s ions if th ey foun d a n y
p ,
u n d er
p re te n ce th a t th e
y h a d f ood c on ce a l e d Th e .
J ose p h us , wh o was an e
y e w itn e s s of th e u rn
ll l d s uf
f i n gs th e J e w s e x erie n ce d d uring
“
a ra e e e r
p p
th e s ieg e of th e ir me trop ol is re ma rk s th a t a l l th e , ,
of h is coun tr me n a t th is a w fu l T h us
y
w e s ee th e e x a ct fulfil m en t of th e e m p h a tic w ord s
n e xt s e n t to h is
y cou n tr
ou t b ut l ittl e l on g er a n d w h ic h th e Ro ma n s l ook e d
,
u on as a l re a d H h d h e m in
‘
p y th e ir ow n e e x orte t .
te mp l e a n d th e ir co un try ; a n d p a in te d in s tron g
,
m ma ny w e re i n d uce d by h is el oq ue nce to
W
e n ce , a n d z
,
ma n s ; w h il e oth e rs b ec a me more d e s p e ra te a n d
”
. ,
m
,
c ru c ifi e d n ea r th e c ity F a min e a d e th e m s o .
-
, ,
p o s e d t o a surre n d e r by th es e h orrid s p ec ta cl e s .
“
s uffe re rs a s s upp l ia n ts ; a n d n ot a s me n ta k e n b
‘
y
re s is ta n c e Y e t e v e n s ome wh o d ee me d ca p ita l
.
,
n is h me n t in e v ita bl e e s ca e d to th e R om
p u
p a n s con
e h a n d s of th e ir e n e m
, ,
s id e rin
g d ea th b y th ,
i es a ,
p pe o l e th a t v o, l u n ta r
y d e s e rt e rs w ere w ell trea te d by
h im a n d ea r n es tl y to recommen d a s urre n d er of th e
,
ci t
y ,th e J e w s re v i l e d T i tu s f ro m t h e w a ll s d e fi ed ,
c ould s uggest + .
Jo ph se l i p 56 us , v o v . . .
i
1 I bid p 5 1—6 5
'
, N w m Ob
. v ti ; & p 2 4 5
. e co e s
’
ser a on s c. . .
80 H I ST OR Y or TH E JE S W .
e a te d d es truction of h is e ng in es a nd towe rs un d en
p ,
took th e a rd uo us ta s k of e n cl os in th e c it wi th a s tron
g y g
w a ll in ord e r to p re ve n tth e inh a b ita n ts fromrece iv in g
m
,
s h a l l ca s t a tr en ch a bou t th e e a n d com p a s s th e e ,
r ou n d , a n d k eep th ee i n on ev er s id e Up on l h is.
y .
s rea d th e cit
p y T h e Z ea l ots a t th is a w ful
p.e riod , ,
e n d ea v ou re d to e n coura ge th e ob s tina c of th e p e op l e
y ,
Lu k e xix 4 3 . .
1 Th e
'
v ast n u mb e r o f peop l e sh ut u p b y th e wa r, occas ione d pesti
d more
l e ntia l
ra p i dl y .
d iseas es
Dr L a r .
, an d
d n er o
a fte rw a r s
b v
se r e s .
d fa mine
th a t “m g it
of course
i h t ha v b e
a dv anc e
ee n e xpecte d ,
m
e,
ly i g
n in h ea ps in th e c it
’ y itse f, l an d i n th e v ll i
a es and d itc h e s w ithou
t
th e w a ll s , sho u ld h v a e p ro du d ce a pl g a ue . Bu t n oth in g of th is
a ppe a rs i n t he h is tory ; w h ic h mu st ha v b
e ee n o w n i gt o th e
i nte rp os ition of d iv i ne p ro v id e n ce. J ose p h u s, in so me of the p la ces ,
W
w as an infe ct ion ; if th e re h ad b ee n , it
th e R omans and th e J ews , a nd th e si
b k
ro en u
p , an d th e R oma ns w ou ld ha ve one off a s
g fa st a s they
ld — Tra cts , v ol . v m‘
’
cou a ts on 8 17 0.'
.
p .
W
W
82 ms ronv '
or wa s JE S .
,
b d ’
th a t h e w a s de fe nd in g th e L ord s v in ey a rd w h ich
’
h e w a s s ure c ould n ot be ta k e n by a ny h u ma n
force ; y e t th is mon s ter h a d n ot s crup l e d to p l un de r
th e te mp l e of a l a rge q ua n tity of its g old e n u te ns il s ,
a n d th e m a g nifi c e n t
gi fts of k in gs w h ic h be con ,
oil , w h ich w as to ma in ta in th e la mp s ; a n d e v e n
u se d to in tox ica te h im s el f a n d h is a rt w ith th
p y e
s id erin
g th e e xis tence of s o
p ro u d a s tr uc tu re a n
.
, ,
J o ph u ol i p 7 9 M o U i
se s, v . v . . l Hi t l
. p 818
av
’
rs n versa s . vo . 11. . .
H I STO RY on TH E JE SW . 83
W
b a tter dow n o ne of th e ga ll e ries of th e p recin ct ; b ut
a s th e s tre n g th of th e w a ll el ud e d th e force of a l l h is
w a s l ik el y to c os t ma n y l iv es h e s e t fi re to th e ga tes ,
a g e n e ra l a ss a ul t u on th a t m a g n ifi ce n t s tructure
p .
th e fa ta l da y a p p roach e d in th e re v o
W
J osep h us ,
‘
ca ll e d th e d a n w ich th e fi rs t
, y f o v en gea n ce
,
i h ,
i
te mp l e h a d b e e n d es troy e d by th e k ing of Ba by l on .
h il e T itus w a s rep os in g h im
/
s el f in his a v il ion
‘
p ,
i n to on e of th e a p a r tme n ts th a t s urround e d th e
.
,
J ew s w h o n ow b ega n to s up p os e H ea v e n h a d for
,
Jo p h ol
se i p 93 94
us, v . v t M tth w xxi 2
. .
, . a e va .
G 2
84
sa
msronv
, ,
W
,
ca l l e d u rg ed
,
a n d th re a ten ed h is me n
, Bu t so .
a n d me n ace s w e re a l ik e d is reg a rd e d T h e e xe s .
s mp s f"
W
a ki n d of h i n to th e mid s t of the fl a m a nd
‘
e es
p r n s
y ,
«
,
3 ivol i p 117 ,
r ab id ; 1 15
a . . . ” .
del iv era nce
H IS TO RY or
h a d fl e d to
wa s JE S
gall ery
W .
d ing
85
,
a
y e t sta n
p r og re ss w ith fi re a n d s w or d till th e
y h a d d e s tro y e
, d
al l, e x ce p t two of th e te m p l e ga tes a n d t ha t p a rt ,
s a red if th e
p w ould s u rre n d er th e msel v es T h e
y y .
th ey ha d e n ga g e d by th e m os t s ol e mn
‘t
re p l ie d th a t
’
oa ths n ot to de l iv er up th e ir p e rs ons to h im on a ny
,
ca n dition s ; an d re q u es ted
p e r m ission to re tire to .
‘
s h ould b e s a re d i th i t d i j t i g
p s nce ,e
y p e rs s e n r e ec n
h is la s t offe rs of p a rd on Lf -
.
Jo p h u
se L i p 116 117
s , vo v . . t J osep h
, l i p 12 7
. ru , v o . v . . .
86 n rsr oa v or '
rn s JE S W .
th e roy a l p a l a ce in th e u p p er a n d s trong er p a rt
of J erusa l e m s t l e d a l s o th e c it of D a v id on
y , y ,
T h e R oma n a rmy s p e n t n ea rl y tw e n ty d ay s in
ma k ing g rea t p re p a ra tions for a tta ck ing th e upp er
c it e s p e cia ll y t h e ro a l a l a ce ; d in g w h ich
y, y p u r
'‘
T itus l h e w a rl ik e e n g ines th e n p l a y e d so furi
. .
circu mv a ll a tion a nd e s ca e d ou t of th e c it
, p y B ut .
b e ing v igorousl y re p ul s e d th ey e n d ea v ou re d to ,
a s ma n a s w e re d is cov ered w t to d e a th
y e r e
p u , .
th e R oma ns p l a ce d th e ir e n s ig n s u p on th e w a ll s
w ith triu mp h a n t oy T ne xt w a lk e d th e s tre e ts
j h ‘
e
y . ,
to th e re ma in in g d iv is ion s of th e city a n d J e ru ,
sa l e m w ra t in fl a me s a n d bl e e d in g on e v e ry s id e
,
p ,
,
e l e v e n h u n d re d th ou sa n d J e w s e ris h e d J oh n a nd
p .
*J ,
ose ph us , v ol . v i. p . 12 7 .
'
a l s ronr or ra n JE SW . 87
S imon ,
gra n d reb el s w ith s e v en h und re d of
the tw o ,
s e v e n th ousa n d ; ma n of w h om w e re s e n t in to
y
Sy ria a nd oth e r p rov in ces to b e ex p ose d on th e
, ,
ubl ic th ea tres t fig h t l ik gl d i to or to b e
p o e
,
a a rs ,
W
.
W
.
wan t of o bj ects w h ereon to e xe rcis e
its fury , a n d
th e troop s w e re sa tis fi e d w ith p l u n d er T itu s co m ,
me n d e d th e w h o e l city a nd te mp le to b e d e mol is h ed .
In .
h e p re s e rv e d th e h ig h e s t tow e rs Ph a s ae l us H ip
'
, ,
icus a n d M a ria mn e a nd a t f t h w ll w h i h
p p a r o e a c
-
, ,
s ur rou n d e d J e ru sa le m to th e w e s t All th e o th e r .
'
circuit of th e c ity w a s s o l e v e ll e d as n ot to l ea v e ,
th os e w h o a p p roa ch ed it a ny p roof th a t it e v er h a d
, ,
.
,
'J t I bi d
j phose ol i p 13 9
us, v . v .
1 I b id p 14 2 14 3
. . . . .
, .
88 n arr ow ! or r1115 JE W S .
a n oth er .
“
0 11 th e d uction of J erus al e m T itus re turned in
re ,
triump h wi th V es pa s ia n h is fa th e r ; a n d a l l th in gs , ,
a n d th e v ol ume of th e l a w w a s th e most v e n e ra bl e of
a l l th e tro h ie s of th e c on q u e ror
p .
w a s s e n t by V es p a s ia n a s l ie ute n a n t ge n e ra l ; and ,
ea z a r a ma n of n u
W
a n d a rt ; a n d d e fe n d e d b E l
y ,
b y a n h igh w all se t fi re to th e ga te s a n d p re p a re d
, ,
to s torm it th e foll ow in g da y h e n th e J e w s
foun d n o w a y of sa v in g th e ms e lv es or th e ir fo rtres s , ,
from th e h a n d s of th e e n e my E l ea za r in s tiga te d ,
th e ms elv e s T e n me n w h o w e re ch ose n by l ot e xe
.
W
JE S .
p e l s
y s te m , by mea n s of w h ich , a k n ow l e dg e of th e
on l y or h is w ors h i a tta ch e d to on e ti l l
, p p a r cu a r p a c e .
d ea th of h is S on " ” 9
y ,
W
th e ir full e s t e x te n t .
Tr a cts .
W retch e
c om
was p id a au ll y to th
nn a
C H A PT E R I II
d sta te of the Jews after th e d es truction of Jerusa lem—T itus
mand s th eir l nd s to be sold and co fi scates th e t ib ute wh ich
a
te mp l e — H is uccesso
e D omiti
,
trea t s
n
.
r,
r
an , s
v I tituti f th p t i h i th w t — St t
arious coun tries .-3
-
ns on o e a r a rc s n e es a e
o f l it t
era u re m g th J w — O f th C bb l i ti p h il phy
a on e e s e a a s c oso .
s h a e l e s s ru in s S o m e w ome n a n d ol d m en w ere
p .
e rmitte d to re m a in in J e rusa l e m; b ut a l l w h o w e re
p ,
a bl e to b ea r a rms w e re re mov e d
,
A s tron g a tta ch .
.
,
p y
a t o J u
p ite r Ca
p i
t ol ia ns th e ca p ita tion ta x w h ich ,
Dama ge, p 5 08 . .
i i rsr on r or r u n JE W S .
s u fler d ea th E
to .
to e x tirp a te l in ea ge of Da v id but w he n th e
a ll th e ,
h e n d in g th e q ue nce s th a t migh t e ns ue
conse ,
d e n tl y inte rfere d a n d d e l iv e re d th e m u p to th e ,
R o m a n s w h o p,
u t s ix h u n d re d of th e m to d ea th .
j T h g h f
ou t th q , ta f Po
er m p y J d w m d
e con t ib t y ues o e , u ea as a e r u ar
sa e lm
, the mpe ror
e the p l a ce o f G od a
u s urpe
,
nd pp p rid
a ted the
m
b
tri ute to h i se f h is w aml
s th e m eo r
. afi l ic T
t in g M d i s race fu , d g l
b c
e au se it o i e th e m to pbl g d
u rch a se th e i e r ty o f e xe rc isin t h e ir lb g
g
rel i ion — Ba magc, p
. . 5 09 .
t Ba s na ge , p 509 . .
94 111 mm or TH E mm .
of Ner a , w h o s ucce e e
v d d D omitia n T h is e mp e ror .
fa v oure d th e J e w s re ca ll e d th ose w h o h a d b ee n
T h ey a re s up p os e d to b e of th e Le v itica l ra ce s ince ,
ov e r th e m a nd a t l en g th ins ta ll on e a bov e th e re s t
, ,
c it
y o f T ib e rias s itua te d on th e ba n k s of a la k e
,
h im as d Ma wh
secon w l ittl i f i t th i l wg iv
oses , o as e n e r or o e r a er :
an d t d th t th p t i
asser e ,
h l d ig ity
a ti
e d i h i f mil y til l
a r a rc a n con nu e n s a
th fi fth
e t y —M d U i
cen u r l Hi t y l xiii p
o e rn n v e rsa s or , vo . . .
re m i ed a n e d u ce d to p ov e rty
r a nd o b l ige d to l bou fo th i d ai l y a r r e r
,
s ub i tence
s s If the re was s h d ow o f u th ority am
an o ng this peop l
a a e,
.
y
afte r th d es tru ctio o f th e i city a nd te mp l e it fe ll into th e ha nd of
e n r ,
s
sc a
t Ba s nage , p 14 6 .
:
H I STO RY or r u n JE S W . 95
l e rn in g a nd iet
p y Th ey d ecided ca s es of con
a
.
tho rity ov e r th e we s te rn J e w s w h o w e re p l ea s e d to ,
d e p e n d up on th e m in order to ma in ta in s ome sh a d ow
of u n ion Th e p ow e r w h ich th ese ch ie fs ob ta in e d
.
, ,
to e na bl e th e m to re p el a p ow e rful a rg u men t u rg e d
by th e C h ristia n s v iz th a t th e scep tre or re gal
* , . ,
w h o h a te d a n d o re sse d th e J e w s w ould n e v e r
pp ,
Bas nage , p 14 6 . .
i ’
A
fte r the Sanh ed ri mwas a bol i h ed s , th e Jews b
s u s titu te d in its
roo m some pa r ticul t ib u l f
ar r th d na s or d i p utes
e ec ision of re l igi ou s s .
Cer emonies , p . 19 5 .
96 mm
3 1
, , , ,
W
r us a l e th e sa n h ed rim a l on e h a d th e ow
,
p e r
of p a s si n g th a t s e n te n ce on h im .
Th e J ew s , th ou h
re l ig io n a s in v olv e d i n th e d es truction of th e ir
in th in k in g th a t th eir re l ig io
, us rites a n d Ob s erva nces
sm a ll n um b er of l ea rn e d me n only w e re l e ft a mon g
th e m to tra n s mit th e ir a n cie n t d octrin es a n d in sti
tution s to p o ste rity O f th ese p a rt e s ca pe d in to
'
.
,
E gy p t a n d p a rt w ith d re w in to B a by l on ; in both
,
l
t But e r s Hora Bi ica
’
bl , p 40
. .
98 '
n i s ronr or TH E JE S W .
J ews th e one
p u bl ic , th e oth e r secre t . T h e p ubl ic
d oc trin e wa s th a t, w h ic h w a s
po en ly ta u h t th e g
eO l e from th e l a w of Mo a n d th e tra d ition s of
p p s es ,
(
th e fa th ers . mp re h e nd e d th e p op ul a r a rticl es
It co
of fa ith a nd r ul e s of ma n n e rs
, .
T h e secre t d octrin e of th e J e w s w a s th a t w h ic h ,
a H e b re w w o rd w h ic h s ig n ifi e s to re ce iv e
, b e ca us e ,
ta ugh t onl y. to
p .
ce rta in b ou n d
ers on s, w h o w e re ,
u n d e r th e mos t s ol e mn a n a th e ma n ot to d iv ul e it
g , .
T h e ca bb al a is d iv id e d in to th ree s orts By th e .
bu t a l wa y s fa n c ifu l T h e s econ d is a k in d of ma g ic
.
,
ow e r to ma k e th e good a n d e v il s p irits of th e
p
in v is ibl e w orld fa mil ia r w ith th e m T h e th ird, .
w h ic h is p rop e rl y th e ca bb a l a is a n a rt by w h ich , ,
ture , u p on th e l e tte rs of th e s e n te nc e s to w h ic h th e y
a l
pp y th e ms l '
b e full com re h en e b fi
y n ite d d
be in gs a re re vea l ed
y p ,
th rou g h th e me iu m of a e ory
d ll g a n d s imil itu d e ,
the sa me ma n n e r a a n ge l s ca n o nl y s er th e m
s e lv es v is ibl e up on e a rth b y a ss u b od y
u 1sr onv on TH E JE S W . 99
w hil e Ad a m w a s in p a ra d ise th e a n g e l Ba s ue l ,
th e d octrin e s of h e a v e n l y w is d o m An d w h e n Ad a m .
rece iv e d th is b ook a n g e l s ca me d ow n to h im to ,
.
a l on e T h ey a ss e rt th a t a fte r th e fa ll th is b ook
.
, , ,
w a s ta k e n b ack in to h e a v e n a fter ma n ra e rs a n d
y p y
te a rs G od re s tore d it to Ad a m a n d it p a s s e d fro m
, ,
Ad a m to S e th T h e J e w is h fa bl es p roce e d to re l a te
.
,
th a t th e b ook b e in g l os t a n d th e my s te r ie s it ,
c on ta in e d a l most forgotte n in th e d e g e n e ra te a e
g
b efore th e fl ood th ey w e re re store d by s p ec ia l re v e
,
from G od ; th a t b e in g a ga in l os t a mid s t th e ca l a
,
re v e a l e d to E s d ra s th a t it w a s p re s erv e d in E gy p t ,
h a n d s of S ime on b e n S e ta ch E lk a na h Ak ibha S i
‘
- -
, , ,
me onb e n J ocba i - -
, a n d o th ers .
D r E nfi el d
.
, + from w h om th e a b ove a ccou nt is
d i g to t h J w i h
A c cor n ou ts l l th e p t i
e h of th
e s a cc n , a a r a rc s e
i t w o ld h ad th i
a nc e n r
p t g l to i t u t th m i th my
e r se a ra e a n e s ns r c e n es e s
t rio
e us ; d M h im l f w
a rca na i iti t d i th m by th
an os e s se as n a e n e e
ill t i u p i it M t t
us r o s s—B r
g p 185e a ro n. a s na e, . .
1 Th ’
hi f h d e c f th bb l i ti d o t i
e ea s o th u d l i t d e ca a s c c r n e , a re s e ne a e
by t h boveme tio d th
e a n ne au or .
F om oth i g th i g
r n b p od uce d ;
n , i
no th di t n ca n e r s nce e s a nce
i
n it tu s dna
pp o ch re ,to
’
an to o a t ity to b
r a lf es o n ea r
‘
n n- e n e se
e xi t t Th e B e i g f om wh om l l thi g p o ed i a pi it
s en . n r a n s r ce s s r , nu
11 ?
100 H ISTO RY or TH E JE S W .
ch ie fly s e e c te l d ,
su
pp os e s, th a t th e my s tical or ca };
ba l is tic p h il os op h y of th e J e ws , a ros e in th e ti m e
natu f v i u o d
re s w h ich
o e v rth e l ar o re till ite d to
s r e rs , , n e ess, a s un
th i e r so
u Th w ld i p ma e t m atio f m th Deity i l
rce . e or s a er n n e an n ro e . l
wh i h h i c tt ib u t d p ope ti
s a f ld ed r d v io l y mod i
es a n r r e s a re u n o , an ar us
fi ed . Th e n ea re r a n
y ema na tion is to th e Fi t F rs ou n ta in , th e more
p e rfe ct a nd i in e dv i s its n a tu re a nd th e re v e rse .
B
e fo re th e cre a tion ld l l p e w fi lled w ith th Dr of th e w o r , a s ac as e
W
a n , Bu t w h
r n n e n e e ua .
, en e . o
th p d ctio
e fro tu w u fo m d i th d iv i e mi d th
n o na te a l
re as r e n e n n ,
e e rn
it e l f to
s qu l d i t i ev y di
an e tio f om
a ta i po int
s a n ce n er re c n, r a ce r n ,
d th u l ft b o t th i c nt e
an s e
p h e i l p ti
a u of mp ty 9 6 gs
s e r , a s r ca or on e ,
d w th e w s till h ow v
ra n, er om
p o ti as o t l,
f t f th e er, s e r ons r ra ces e o e
d iv i e se e w h i h w t b ec me th
ne s nc , p t c l c f y se t
n
e re o o e rece a e o ra s,
f th f om th
or Et r l F u t i o th e b i f f tu e wo ld
e e rna o n a n, r as s o u r r s.
F om r t i p t of th
a ce r a n
co v ity of i fi it l igh t w h i h u
ar e n ca n n e ,
c s r
r o d ed th op q u ph e th
un e gy of e m ti w fi t e xe rt d
a e s er , e e ne r a na on as rs e ,
a d n y wer e t f
ra th i
s igh t l i e i t th d k b y s
s n or The n r ne s, n o e ar a s .
b m f l ig h t th u p d u d fo m d h l th o gh w h i h
ea o ,
s ro ce , r e a c a n ne , r u c
t
s re a m w t fl w f s th p e re d tio of w ld T h i b m w
o o or e ro uc n or s . s ea as
u it d tn th
e o v f l igh t d w d i ct d tow d th
o e c n ca e o t , an as re e ar s e c e n re
o f th O p q e
p h F o m
a t h i l u m i
ue s o u h le re .tr m of l igh t
r s n s c a nne , s ea s
fl ow d t d iff t d i t
e , a f m th t
e re n i i cu l a r p th
s a n ce s d ro e ce n re , n a c r a , an
fo m d d i ti ct i l
r e f l ig h t
s p n t d f m th c rc e s o v e of l igh t , se a ra e ro e co nca ,
o f r m h th
ro b y p ti ea c f d k o mpty p ce r, O f th eor ons o ar or e s a e. se
ci l of l igh t t we p od u ed w hi h m y h c ll d S p hzc
rc e s , en re r c , c a e a e e
‘
ce , or
Sp l e nd ou r s .
Th e l b ea mof l igh t wh i h i th e fi t m ti f om
re cti li ne a , c s rs e a na on r
th e e t l fou ta i
e rna d i it l f t h u e f l l oth
n m ti nsn, an s se e so rc o a er e a na o ,
m y b d i ting u i h d b y th
a e s m f A d mK d m y th e fi t ma s e e na e o -
a a ar , rs n,
th e fi t p od u ti rs of d iv i r gy o th S n f G d Th S ph i a;
c on ne e ne r , r, e o o o . e e r
fo t i of m tio bo d i t t Ad m K d m wh h n s, s u
omm ic t esse
a re u n a ns e a na r na e o a a an , 1c
end f th of div i e l ig h t o e d l if to r c
s
y or ra s
c a n un a e n n e
W
, ,
H e b re w w is d o m T h e ca bba la h a v in g a cc ord mg .
,
to th is a u th or ob ta in e d e a rl cre d it a m o n g th e
y ,
s
p i it r l l ed K l ipp l h th d g of ma n tio T h
s, ca o , the e re s e a n. e se a re
a u th f th e v il w h i h i fou d i th m te ri l wo ld ; b ut the y
o rs o e , c s n n e a a r
a re ti u ll y
co n
p i ni g to w
a d th as
p h i d
r n w ill i th g t ar s e se ric , an , n e re a
re v l u ti of tu
o on tu i t th i xh u tib l fo t i of d ity
na re , re rn n o e ne a s e un a n e .
Sp i it of l l d h v m t i l v h i le l p ure d u b til e i
r s a o r e rs a e a a er a e c , ess an s n
p op tio to th i d i ta
r or n f mE S p h ; e r d th is v h i l i of t h
s nce ro n o an e c e s e
t
na u re o f th w ld xt b l w th t t o w hi h the y be l ong
e or ne M l l o e o a c . . e a r n
i th p i
s e fJ i hr nce o th g l i w ld i wh i h th e
az ra , tor e an e c or , n c re a re en
d i ti t d ; S d lp h of A i h
s nc o r e rs th
a n am t i l wo ld s th e on s a ,
or e a er a r es ,
tog th e w ith th er h t v wh i h th y p e id e os s im t i l
o er c e r s e, an a e a er a
v hi l
e
p bl
c es , f imp ca io f om c p o re l obj ts a d i dif
a e o re s s n r or a ec , n n
f t w y
e re a q i i g ov tio
a s re u r n re n a n .
Th h m e l p ed i g by m tio f om th Deity i n
u a n s ou , ro ce n e a na n r e , s a
i n co r
po l ub t rea f th s m t
s a nce w ith th d iv i i tell t
o e sa e n a u re e ne n ec .
B i g it d t th bod y e ompl x tu i p d u d du d
e n un e o e , on c e na re s ro ce , en e
w ith d
reaso n ,
p b l of tio
an Th e h m
ca a ul o ei t of fou ac n. u an so c ns s s r
p ts N p h h
ar th p i ip l of v it l ity
e es , or R h o th p i ip l e
e r nc e a ua c , r e r nc
o f m ti ; Nfo h m
on th p w sc f i t ll ig
a ;
a h, d J h id h
or e o er o n e e n ce an ec a ,
a d iv i p i ip l by m
ne r nc f w h i h it e, t mp l t u pe i
e a ns o t s c co n e a es s r o r n a u re ,
d v d t th E p h z w o ld A ll o l w p r d ed t '
an e e n as ce n s o e nsO c r . s u s e re o uc a
on ce d p
, xi te d i A d m
an re e E v y h m o l h tw o g d i
s n a . er u an s u as ua r an
an g l p od d by m tio t th tim f th p od ti f l
e s, r u ce e a na n a e e o e r uc on o s ou s .
Th mi d ef m i n it d t o th d iv i
o mi d
an th d ius f
s un e e ne n , as e ra o
a i l t it
c rc e t o Th e ul
s of g o d m
ce n re . d b ov t h so s o en a sce n a e e
W
m i of the g l
a ns o n d d l ig h ted w ith th v i io of the fi st
an e s, an a re e e s n r
l ig h t w h i h ill mi te l l th e wo ld
, c u na s a r s.
Th iv se o ti u
e un to e xi t b y th
er c d iv in n es s e ne
ti on h il t th i e gy i
s xe ted d iff t
s en r s e r e re n
W
.
,
b i g m i ; w h i t i w ith h ld l l th
e n s re a n en s e ,
a e
re t u r n into th e ir fo u nta in .
w ith in h ims e f ; l a nd th e re
e ith e r in a c rea te d o r u n cre a te d s ta te . h e n it 1s in a n u n crea te d
s ta te , G od is al l w h e n w or ld s a re c re a te d , th e Dei ty is u n fo ld ed , or
e v lv d
o e , by v ar ious dg e rees of e man a tio n ,
w h ic h c o ns ti tu te the
v ol . 11. p . 2 17 — 2 2 1.
H i S TO RY OF TH E JE S W .
th e ir b re th re n in P a l e s tin e .
S ime o n b e n J oc h a i a ce l e b ra te d ra bb i w a s th e
t
-
, ,
fi rs t w h o committe d th e s e my s te rie s to p a p er ; a n d ,
th J w ffi r m b d iv in e a s s is ta n c e b e c om
a s e e s a
y , ,
os e d th e Z oh a r or b rig h tn e s s H e is Sa id to
p
.
,
th e m s e lv e s i n a c a v e w h e re h e h a d l
,
e is u r e t o cor n
p o s e th e a b o v e m e n t ione d b oo k H e
p e rf ec te d th e .
G o d s e n t f ro m h e a v en fr om ti m e t o ti m ,
e to e xp l a in ,
l
T h e S ep h er J etzir a h ,
or book of th e creation,
is
th e n e xt in ca bba l is tic fa me to th e Z oh a r : a nd is
q uote d by th e J ew s ,
as of d iv in e a u th ority . S ome
a scrib e th is w or k to th e p a tria rch Ab ra h a m oth e rs
s u pp os e it w a s w ritte n by th e ra bb i A k ibh a w ho ,
l ive d in th e s e con d ce n tu ry .
H e w a s p re s id e n t of th e a ca d e mies of Ly dda a n d
J a fna ; a n d a d is c ip l e a n d s ucce s s o r of th e ra bb i
G a ma l ie l . U n til h e w a s forty y ea rs of a ge h e w as ,
to ma rry h i m if h e b e ca me a l ea r ne d ma n h e a s s i
, ,
Da i vd Le i v ca ll s th e Zoh ar a ca bb l i tic l
a s a comme nta ry on th e
P e nta te u c h .
He was cons i e re
d d by his nation , as the l
orac e
n o t s c ru l e to sa tha t G od re v eal e d to h im wh a t
p y , ,
ch ap ter .
De Ros si H e b re w ,Biogra p h y
’
s .
1 Da i
‘
v d L vi e
’
s Ce re monies of th e J e ws .
106 H rsr onr or ra n W
JE S .
w ith gre a t s l a u g h te r }
A D 116 ]
.
«
. T h e foll ow in g y ea r th e J e w s in ,
‘
a ga i ns t th e m w h o s l e w g rea t n u mb e rs of th e me m
,
ge n ts a n d s ubj ecte d th e re s t to th e Ro ma n p ow e r
, .
To p re v e n t th e ir a ga in a s s e mbl ing a n d re b e ll in g ,
isl a nd Cy p rus
of , ma d e a more d re a d ful ins u r re c tion ,
a nd m a s sa cre d tw o h u n d re d a n d forty th o us a n d of
a n ob s tin a te con fl ic t th e re b e l s w e re re d u ce d a n d
, ,
u n d e r th e s e v e res t e n a l tie s
p
A D
. . Notw ith s ta n d ing th e mise rie s w h ic h ,
Bas nage , p 5 11 . . 1
‘
I bid .
1: I b id .
p 5 12
. .
H I STOR Y O F TH E . JE S W . 107
m to p .
b a n d itti w h o
C ozib a , on e of th e ,
J ud ea a n d committe d a ll ki n d s of v iol e n ce
,
a ga in s t th e R o ma n s w a s th e l ea d e r of th e in
,
s ur e n ts T o f a c il ita te th e s ucce s s of h is b ol d
g .
w h ich s ig n ifi e s th e s o n of a s ta r ; a n d p re te n d e d h e
w a s th e p e rs o n p rop h e s ie d of by B a l aa m in th e
"
w o rd s T h e re s h a ll come a s ta r ou t of J a c ob a n d
, ,,
a s ce tre s h a ll ris e ou t o f I s ra e l
p T h is b a rb a ria n .
,
c on ce tion s of th e J e w s
p w a
.
s a c k n ow l e dg e d in th
,
at
y e e n
y
ga ge d to d el iv er h is n a tion frdm th e p ower of th e
e m e ror Adr ia n a n d re s tore its a n c ie n t l ib e rt a nd
p , y
gl ory T h e fa mous ra bb i Ak ibh a b ein g ch ose n by
.
,
h im th e p rote ction of h is n a me a n d n ot o nl y p ub ,
l icl y a n oin te d h im a s th e M es s ia h a n d k in g of th e ,
J e w s b ut p l a ce d a d ia d e m on h is h ea d ca use d
, ,
to th e fi e l d a t th e h ea d of twe n t h ous a n d of h is
,
y t
d isc ip l es a nd a c ted in th e ca p a city of ma s ter of h is
,
h ors e By ca ll in g on a l l th e d e s ce n d a n ts of Ab ra h a m
.
to a s s is t th e h o e of I s ra e l a n a rm o f tw o h u n d re d
p y ,
Ba s nage , p 5 12 . . l
1 e e ra imp os to rs h a d
''
Sv l a ppe a re d b e fore h im, so me ,un de r the ,
r i ze d th a t n u mbe rs h a d fl oc k e d to th e s ta n d a rd of
p ,
,
.
,
re v ol t . T h is a bl e comma n d e r n ot th ink in g it ,
d t t se a t once s 0 formida bl e a n a r my
'
p r u e n o o
pp o ;
p
at l e n g th c ut off th e s u p l ie s of th e e n e my a nd
, p ,
T h e re b el s d e fe nd e d th e ms elv e s w i th ob s tin a te
re s ol utio n g a nd , e v e n ut T r h on a fa m ou s ra bb i
'
r
p yp , ,
the Ro ma n s
‘
How e v e r th ey w e re n ot a bl e l ong to
.
,
wi th st a n d th e r e
p ea te d a n
‘
d v ig o ro u s a tta c k
'
s w h ich l
,
destructi on of J erusa l e m me re a n th e,
'
u n d is tin ui s h e d a n d w h ich
'
ro
g p
B g p b i
a s na5 e, a *
1 I b id .
p 5 18 1 . .
“ 0 H I STO RY on TH E JE W S .
h e e s ta bl is h e d th e \ors h ip of Ad on is
‘
forb a d e th e m to vi e w th e ir o n ce b el ov e d c ity a t a
d is ta n ce Be fore th is p e riod sa y s a l a te a u th or
“th ey w ere see n cov e re d w ith ra gs tra v e rs in g
.
, ,
.
, ,
mid s t s ig h s a n d l a me n ta tions th e M ou n t of O l iv es , ,
and th e re ma in s of th e ir te mp l e T h ey w e re .
re d uce d to th e n ec es s it of b e in g e co n o mis ts in th e ir
y
mis e ry to p urch a s e th is fa v our from th e a va rice of
th e sold iery At th is p rice th ey ob ta in e d a s a
.
,
w e e p on th e a n n iv e rsa ry of th e s a ck in g of th e ir c ity ;
a n d th e J e w s w ere obl ig e d to a for th e r ig h t of
p y
s h e dd in g tea rs in th os e l a ce s w h e re th e urch a s e d
p , y p
a n d s h e d th e bl ood of J e s u s C h ris t !
”
I
I n th e ca l a mitie s of th e J e w s w e con te mp l a te th e ,
Ba s na ge , p .
1
'
T
h ou h g Ad ria n inte r icte d d th e J e ws from e nte rin gJ eru sa l e m ,
i G gi i re o re , n h is E s sa
y o n th e R e for ma tion M t h e J ew s , q uot es
as a n a u th orit
y for th is fa ct , S t . J e ro me in So p h on ia n . ch ap . x .
msr onn or x
rnn J ew s . 11]
l on g be fore th e y too k p l a ce
M os es h a d p red icte d
.
,
a v e ry l ow p rice sa id h e
”
And th e L ord
. sha l l , ,
br i n g th e e in to E gy p t a m w i th s h ip s a n d y e
ga ,
s h a l l be s ol d u n to y ou r en e mi e s a n d n o ma n s h a l l
,
th e ca
p ti v
es , w ith th e ir w i v es a n d ch i ld re n , w e re so ld
at th e l ow e st p rice and we l ea rn fro m S t . J erome ,
s acre d by th e
D t xxv iii 6 8
en . . 1 S
. N wt '
ee th P oph eci
e on onp 70 e r es , . ;
112 msronv or TH E JE S W .
C H A P T ER V .
S ta te of th e Jew s in th e E t — Of th p i
as e r nces o f th e v ity — J d h
ca p ti u a
th e s a int co mp il es th e M im — Hi tory of th
e s a tw k —J w
or bl . e s re e
WW
d M A u —M ¢u s Au re l iu w Ad i di t ‘
u n er a rcu s ntonin s. ar s re ne s r an s e c
ag i t th —T h
a ns a n ey are trea ted w ith ki d n ne ss by Septimim
S v e — Of th i
e rus e r s ta te d
u n er H li g
e o a ba us l —
. Th ey are fa vou re d
by A l x d S v e an er e er us, a nd th e b q
s u se ue n t Roman E mpe rors .
th a t th e E up h ra te s s h ould b e th e b ou nd a ry of th e
R oma n e mp ire T h ose th e refore w h o res ided.
, ,
b ey on d th a t riv er w e re n ot c on ce rn e d in th a t ,
.
in ce s w a r a ga in s t th e ir n a tion M h ow e v e r
’
p r an
y .
, ,
th e ir b re th re n Y e t th ey a ns we re d n o oth e r p u r
.
os e b u t to a ug me n t th e n umb e r of th e s l a in} a nd
:
p ,
A D . . Th e h is tory of th e e a s te rn is more
b
o scu re tha n th a t of th e w e s te rn J e w s th e former ,
a b v
o e s ix h un d d re th o usa n d , w h ich nu mbe r co u ld not ha v b
e e en
t Bas na ge , p 16 2 . .
1M mer onr or TH E J a ws .
ra ce of D a v id ba n d on ed
th a t p ro ince , a nd retire
, a v d
to B b l
a on , w h e re th e conc u e th e s ce tre m l d
y y p en
th e s e p r in ce s w h o w e re s ubj ecte d to th e P e rs ia n
,
of th e J e w s a n d th e op p re s s ion s w h ic h th e e n d ure d
, y ,
iet a n d p rofoun d l ea rn in g
p re s id e d o v er th e
p y ,
me mory wa s so h ig h ly re ve re d a mon g th e J e w s ,
th at th ey comp a re h im w ith th e M e s s ia h ; th e y
re l a te m an
y e xtra ord ina r a ccou n ts of th is ra bb i ;
y
amon g th e res t th e y a s s e r t th a t h e ma d e th e e m
, ,
a n d th a t it w a s b y h is ord e r th a t J u da h comp il e d
, ,
th e M isn a i
M d U iv l H i t y
o e rn l xiii p IS O
n e rsa s or , vo . . . .
1 J ud h w
'
b a th m d y th t Ak ibb d i d
as o rn on d th J w
e sa e a a a e , an e e s
im g i v nt w p d i t d by S l m w h h y Th '
a th i
ne s e e as re c e o o on , en e sa s, e s ta r
i th
r se d th
. an g éth d w Ak ibh d y i g w th
e s un o oth t t
n. a n as e sun a se ,
an d J d h th S i t th
u a i i g e B g p
a n 15 6e r s n s un. e ari n s , . .
t Rnfi el d s Philosoph y , v ol . ii p
’
. .
t .
g
ms ronr '
o n TH E JE S W . 115
l a w ( w hich th e n a me M is na s ig n ifi e s in H e b re w )
,
r u tion of th e ir
p p ubl ic s c h o ol s w ou ld n e gl ect to ,
me mory .
at
‘
f T h e h is tory of th e M is na , sa y s E n fi el d , 1
b rie fly th is : T h e s e ct of th e P ha risees a fte r th e ,
d es truction of J e rusal e m p re va il in g ov e r th e re s t , ,
e mp l oy m e n t it w as to ill us tra te th e m b y n e w e x
th e m u nd er d is tin ct h ea d s to w r itin g A t th e s a me .
of th e ir
p r e ce p to rs m an
y o f w h,
ich w ere
p re se rv e d ,
o v o e
p n .
t E nfi e l d
’
s P h il o so p h y , v ol . i i . p 19 8
. .
J u da h foun d it n e ce s sar
y to mp t a n e w d iges t of
a tte
to ha v e e mp l oy e d h im for ty y ea rs I t w as c om .
boun d to ob s erve .
”
I
Aa ro n E l ea z a r a nd h is se rv a n t J osh ua T h ey
, ,
.
to th e g ra n d s na ogu e th e la s t of w h o m w a s S imo n
y g ,
Enfi el d .
t See a l
pa rticu a r acco u n t o f
Dav i d Lav i s Ge reruonies of th e
’
115 ms romr or
'
TH E JE S W .
a b ra n ch of th e S a dd uce e s for th ey d e n ie d th e im
,
w ors h ip in th e H eb re w l a n g ua ge th e y w e re a ll ow e d ,
sch is ma tics .
’IE
In th e comme n ce me n t of th e re ig n of Ma rc us
A urel ius th e ea s tern J e w s w h o w ere s ubj ec ts of
, ,
Bu m , p .
a gdim th e
ms romr on
Roma ns
'
. The
TH E
e
JE S
mpe ror
W .
,
ince nse d
119
at
th e comme n ce me n t of h is re ign d e cl a re d w a r a ga in s t ,
re e l th e ir e n e mies a n d i n v a de d S a ma ria a n d J ud ea
p , .
re w a rd th e ir fid el it to h im w h e n Pe sc e n n ius N ige r
y ,
. .
ea s te rn J e w s ob ta in e d c e l eb rit
y mme n ce me n t
in th e co
of th e th ir d ce n tur
y , a nd e s ta bl is h e d a ca d e mie s in
va rious p a rts . A fte r th e P ers ia n mon a rch y wa s
res tore d , P a rth ia n ov erth row n th e ra bb ies
a nd th e ,
th is p ros e rou s
p p er io d Sa m u e l J a rc h i w h o,
w as ,
, ,
Rusange , p 5 2 3 . . 1*I i bd .
p 531
. .
1 I b id .
12 0 ms r on v or TH E J e ws .
ea s t
p ro v ed ,
h ow e v er, on ly a
p re ul d
e to a gv iel enz
t
J e w ish
h is toria n s , h e w a s in s tiga te d by h is s ubj ec ts , w h o,
b e in g j e a l ous of th e in fl ue nce of th e ir n a tion, en dea
fe c t
vou re d to e f th e ir d es truction .
me d
"
The
'
s ce n e wa s re ve rs e d, a n d th eir a fi a irs a ss u
a . fa v o ura bl e d er Z en ob ia q uee n of Pa l
.
as
p e ct u n ,
to P e rs ia .
"E
A D . . H el iogaba l us ,
who a t th is t ime
a sce n d e d i th e th rone , ha d b e e n . i
c rcu mc is e d ,
: an d ab
su
p e r mp l e in
b te h onour of th e s un , th e id ol be
w ors h ip p e d He . or e re d d th e p a ll a d iu m, th e v es ta l
fi re ; th e moth e r of
“
gods , a n d wh a te v e r th e ‘
th e
Roma n s h e ld in th e h igh e s t v e ne ra tion to b e co n ,
»
th e te n e ts o f th e S a ma rita ns a n d J e w s h e inte n de d ,
-
re a
y t 2
, ,
B g p 5 33 1 I b id
as na ep . . .
12 2 msromr or TH E W
JE S .
C H A P T ER V I .
S tate of J w d C t ti
th e e s un er o ns a n ne and h is s u ccessors — The mperor
e
J l i h igh l y f v d th i p p l
u an a ou re s eo e , and p ropose d to ass is t the m in
b ild i g th t mpl f J
re u n e l e e o e ru sa e m — Of th e
. v as t
p re parations
w h ich w e re ma de for th is p urpose , and th e miracl e wh ich ca use d
hi s d es ign to be a band o ed n .
IN th e fourth ce n tu ry ,
on e of th e most imp orta n t
rev ol u tion s k p l a ce tha t e ve r w a s k n ow n in th e
too ,
a nn a l s of ma n k in d T he s p l e n d id e d ifi ce of pa ga n
.
and ro h e ts , a n d of th e S on of Go d
p p .
th e ir p r iv il e ge s T h e ir in crea s in g n u mb ers a n d
.
p ro s e rit
p y h a v i ng re n d ere d th e m in s ol e n t th e
y ,
g og ue a n d e mb ra ce d C h ristia n it T h e e m e ror
y p .
re n ou n ce d th e ir re l ig ion a n d con d e mn e d th e m a n d
*Gibb l i 4
on, v o . v.
1221 1115 1 011? or TH E s ew s .
s n a g og ue s s ch ool s & c
y , , .
cours e w ith t e J e w s
h
.
fr o m e a tin g w ith ith e m in
t
q , ,
jions ,
o
'
W
t
l a te d hy a d e s ire of reve n gin g th e insu l ts a nd
,
'
Rusa nge p 35 4
' ’
, . .
it The J ews in th is m
ou ntsy ap pea r to ha v l
e en tenants d o the
in
C They M p ub l i c
b l essi s on th i g d e r , ro un s.
‘
H is to , vbl ii . .
12 6 H I ST O RY or TH E J W
E S .
more fa v ou ra bl e a sp e ct w h e n J ul ia n s ty l e d th e
, ,
a os ta te w a s e l e v a te d to th e im e r ia l d ig n it A it
p , p y s .
th e free e xe rc is e of th e ir re l igio n a nd e xe mp te d
th e m fromth e h ea vy ta xes w h ich w e re imp os e d
'
u on
p
th e m by h is p re decess ors E mbold e ne d by s uc h
.
J ul ia n es ta bl is h e d the Pa ga n re l ig ion by l a w
d is q ua l ifi ed th e Ch ristia n s from bea rin g ofi ce s in th e
s ta te ; fi ned a nd ba n is h e d th eir cl e rgy forb a de
th e m to tea ch th e sc ie nce s in th e p u bl ic sch ool s ;
i mp ose d a ta x on a ll w h o re fuse d to s acrifi ce to id ol s
a n d in s h o rt u se d e v e ry me th od th a t h u ma n in g e
W
ha v e con v e rte d the s ucces s of h is un de rta k ing into a
i g me t a ga i n s t the fa ith of p re p hecy a nd
“
s ec ou s a r u n
p
truth of re v e l a tion
C
, p 5 46
, , l
‘’
l id .
ms ronv '
. 01 TH E J E W
SI ‘
12 7
ge ne ra l de s ig n of op p os ing
' '
In p n rsua nce
’
of h is a
to its el f by s ettin g on e s ec t a ga in s t a n .
h is g ra te fu l v ow s to th e de it i t h h l ’
p ya
y n a t o y
p l a ce .
w h os e s tern fa n a tic is m w ou l d b e al wa y s p re p a re d to
s econ d a nd e v e n a n tic i a te th e h os til e mea s ures of
, p ,
s u er in te n d e n c
p y o f th e
p l a n to A l y p u s h is in tim a t e ,
to h is ow n ; T h is m1n 1s te r h a v in g ob tain e d th e , .
s tren uous su
pp o r t o f t h e g o v e
, r n o r o f P a l e s tine
W
,
W
p ,
b t J li a r ur on 5
’
u an .
f G ibb l i 1
on , v o0 5 l t J l i ’
u an
g o
v n s
p . . . a r ur .
12 8 ms ron r'
. or r a n v s .
ce el brated a uth or f
‘
At th e ca ll of th e ir grea t Il e
m
,
l ive re r th e
, Je w s from a l l the p vine e s of th e e mp i re
a s se mbl ed .
on th e h ol y mo u n ta in of th e ir f a th e rs ;
u
,
a nd th e ir in s ol e n tt triump h a arl me d a nd e xa s
p e ra te d
th e C h ristia n in h a b ita n ts of J e rusa l e m T h e d e s ire .
a n d th e w o m e n th e ir d e ic a c
l s a de s a n d i k '
y ; p
s
p n
ur l e E v e r u rs e w a s O e n e d in l ib e ra l contri
p p y p p
~
.
e xec ute d by th e e n th us ia s m of a
AJ D . O n th is occa s ion h ow e ve r th e , ,
e mp ire a t hi s c omm n d a n d th e e nt h us ia s m of th e
a
,
re s pe c ta bl e w rite rs th at w h il e th e w o1k me n w e re
,
.
W
cel e b ra te d P a ga n h istoria n w h o w a s a fr ie n d a nd ,
.
,
g o v e r n or o f t h e p ro v in ce u r g e d w ith v ig ou r a n d
,
G ibb g
b
l i B 5 46
‘
on, vo
p 10 6 . v. t .
p . and a e, . .
130 H I STO RY or TH E JE W S.
to v
s er e th e mmon g a in s t J ud a is m and
*
co ca us e a
Pa ga n s i m .
O th e rs , p a rtic ul a rl y Mr Ba s n age a n d D r La rd n e r
. .
,
h a v e e xp ress e d th e ir d oub ts re s
p e ctin g th e tru th of
mira cl e xl T h e l a tter of th es e w rite rs j ud ic iousl y
W
th is
ob s e rv e s
“
J ul ia n s inte n tion (or d es ire a t l ea s t) to
,
’
mp l ish e d
.
wa s nev er a cco ,
b ut w a s frus tra te d and
d e fe a te d . h e th e r it w a s ow in g to mira c ul ou s
in te rp os ition , or to h is p e x e ns i e v p re
p a ra tion s for
th e P e rs ia n w a r, a n d oth er c irc u ms ta n ce s of h is
a ffa irs , a n d d e fea t a n d d ea th in tha t w a r the
to h is ,
o v errul in g p rov id e n c e of G od o ug h t to be a ck n ow
J ti R m k l
’
or n s e p 3 97
ar s, v o . 11. . .
1 Th
'
d i f d t B g H i t y f th J w nd t
e rea e r s re e rre o as na e s
’
s or o e e s, a
'
vo l v iii f L d
. . o J wi h d H th T tim i f th r
a r ne r s
’
e s an ea en es on e s , or e e asons
on w h i h th y g
c d th i d i b l i f f th i mi l
e ro u n e r s e e o s rac e .
C H A P T E R V II .
J
Sta te of th e ews u n er a en n an a n a en s — D urin
d V l ti i dV l th e re i n of . g g
T d l
h eo os ius th ey insu t th e Ch ris tia ns a t the fea s t of urim P .
d
E ic ts of h eo osius T d A fa se II
ess iah a ppea rs in Can is
.
-
l M d
T umu t 1n l e xa n ria — io en t e h a iou r o
l A d V l
f Cy ri , i shop of th a t
. b v l b
city J
e ws in th e w es t fa ou re
.
- by v
onorius — Re p ute con d H . d
ve rs ion of th ose i a inon e —S uppres sion of th e e wish p atria rc h s :
M J
of t h e J ews afte r th e irruption of th e b b ar arous natio ns
A D . . TH E re i gn of J ov ia n , wh o su c
ce e de d J ul ia n ,
w a s too s h ort to af
fect a n y ma teria l
a l te ra tion in the con d ition of th e J e w s V a l e n tinia n .
,
w h o u n d e r th e re ig n of a n a p os ta te h a d s ig na l iz e d
, ,
re ig n a n d th a t of V a l e ns th e J e w is h a tria rc h s we re
,
p ,
re s tore d to th e e nj o m e n t of a l l th e ir p riv il eg es
y .
a n d b e s id e s th e ir c ivi l a n d u bl ic j udge t h e y h a d th e
p ,
ow n
p e rs uas ion T h ey p o s.s e s s ed a l s o a u th ority to
Basnage , p 5 4 7 . .
x2
132 n rsr onr or TH E JE W
S .
th e re l ig io n a n d d isc ip l in e of th e ir b re th re n Th e .
mbold e ne d th e m to ode r
‘
p ,
u n d er th e p en a l ty of b e in g d e p riv e d of a l l th e ir
p ri v il e ges T h e J e w s g e n e ra ll
.
y ob e e d
y b u t t h ose
of M a ce d on a n d Da c ia con tim1e d th e ir in s ul ts of th is
th e ir l e a d e rs to d ea th f -
B a sn a
g p 5 4 7 Je, ti R .m k . E l e i ti
or l H
n s i
’ t y e ar s on cc s as ca s or .
Ba s na ge , p 5 5 0 . .
134 H I S TO RY or r u n JE SW .
a na tion of h is for me r
p bl
u ish l
a n ex
p ed icts in ord er
,
A D
. . Th e J e ws w ere n u me rous in th e
is l a n d of Ca n d ia a nd h a d ac q uire d w ea l th
, Ab out .
b e a se con d M ose s s e n t to d e l iv e r h is p e op l e
, He .
p r o m is e d to d iv id e th e sea a n d a fford th e m a sa fe
,
a ssa g e th roug h it to th e ir ow n l a n d D i g
p u r n on e .
h im on th e da y a n d a t th e p l a ce a p p oin te d
, T h ey .
T h e me n w ith u n sh a k e n fa ith i ns ta n tl y ob ey e d
, , ,
A D. . T h e c ity of Al e xa n d ria w a s c om
ute d to c on ta in a b out on e h u n d re d th ousa n d J e w s
p ,
w h o h a d ea rl y d is tin g u is h e d th e ms e lv es b y th e ir
d exte rity in tra d e a n d l ik e th e oth er Eg y p tia n s
,
w e re mutin ou s a n d s e d itious s ti m
A t th
i e th e
.
y
Bas na ge , p 5 5 1.
.
HI STO RY O F TH E J E . W Se
a xe d in th e s trictn es s
a nu mb er of th e m,
y s na g ogu es on th e s abb a th ,
re s e n t at th e ubl ic d ive rs ion s w h ich
p p ,
th e m a nd
p , , ,
g ov e rn or of Al e xa n d ria , w ho wa s th e ir : frie n d
a nd
p a tron , th ey
‘
d es p is e d th e m e na ce S zo f th e
b is h op .
’
An l te rca tion h a v in g ta ken l a ce w ith th e
a
p .
C h ris tia n s ,
th e J e ws re so lv e d to . a tta ck th e m in th e
c ity ,
w h o e xcl a ime d th a t th e p rin c ip a l ch urch w a s
,
ca me h a s til y ou t u na r me d ; a n d th e J e w s w ho ,
d ia te l y a tta ck e d th e m a n d ma n y w e re s l a in in th is
,
~
tu mu l t
‘
l
.
ae
E xa s p e ra te d a t th is outra g e C y ril w ith , ,
th e y l e v e ll e d w ith th e g rou n d T h ey th e n e n te re d .
u se o f th e ch urch T h ey n e xt comp e ll e d th e re m
.
Ba s nage , p 5 5 1 . .
136
n a n t of th e
n rs r onr or TH E JE S W .
er su a d e h im to s ub mit to th e g ov e rn or But h e
p .
y t g t p , ,
re p a ire d to h is a s s is ta n ce rescu e d h im ou t of th e ,
offe n d er to b e p u t to d ea th a n d s e n t a n a ccou n t of
, ,
‘
m
9
R , p 5 32
. .
l '
Cy ri l ke pt a sta n d ing rmy of d ra goons n me l y
a , a ,
th e E y ptia n g
monks and Al exand rina dy to fig ht ec c l ias tic w h o were a l wa y
es s, s rea
vo l iii p 106
. . . .
138 ms roa r
'
or TH E JE S W .
th e m to a ny oth e r p ur ose s H l g v d
p e a s o a e o r e rs.
,
th a t th e r es t of th e w e e k w a s s u ffi c ie n t for s e c ul a r
p pur os es H e d isa.
pp ro v e d o f th e u n j us t ca l u m n ie s
w h ich w e re ra is e d a ga in s t th is e o l e ; a n d c om
p p
e
a n d s h ould in fu tu re be ma d e u on th e ir r iv il e g es
p p .
o ue s a n d ma k in g l t a n d d e riv e d th e m
gg , p r o se
y e s
p
of s ome offi ces ? w h ich th e f orme rl y e nj oy e d in th e
y
e mp ire .
A D . . Th e l b ra te d b ut d is p ute d
ce e con
ch ie fl y in h a b ite d by th e J e w s w h o u n d e r H O D O I IUS ;
‘
Ba sna ge , p 5 5 7 . .
J
t Th e e w s we re ad mitted i to th Rom t oop fo f cen n e an r s r our
t i
u r es
; th ey co ti ued o t h m enfoonti g t ill th
n e mpe ro H o ori us
e sa n e r n
th o gh t p op r t
u d ecla th m i ca p ble 'of mi l ita ry se v ice
r e o re e n a r .
R q or ma tion
'
G r egoir e l he l
‘
s E ssa y on th e f
o w s.
marrow or run JE S W . 13 9
T h e od os ius y , p d
re s i e n t of th e s na gog ue ,
an d doctor
of th e l a w , w a s th e p rinc ipa l p ers on in th e ~
isl a n d.
a riz e d th a t th e J e w is h w ome n in te n d e d to a s sa ul t
pp
th e m p rov id e d for th e ir d efe n ce
,
A tumul t e ns ued .
,
in w h ich th e s y na g og u e w a s d e s troy e d It is sa id .
,
m“
J
e a n s ha d b e e n u s e d to e ffe ct a con v ers ion
- 0 v m n - ~ p
.
a b ol is h e d b th e i m e ria l l a w T h e s e ch ie fs w e re
y p .
,
su orte d b ta xe s l e v ie d u on th e J e w is h l
pp y p .
e
p po e ,
w h ic h a t l e ng th
, be ca me s o e xorb ita n t th a t th ey, ,
.
a
pp l ie d to th e c iv il
p o w e r for rel ie f I n s te a d h ow .
,
p
a n d a s th e re w a s n o i n com ort th e d ig n it
, e to s u
pp y : ,
B g p 553 as na M d U iv l H i t y
e, . l xiii. o e rn n e rsa s or , vo . .
140 H I STO RY or TH E JE S W .
W
p .
Y e t th e J e w s on l y p a rticip a te d in th e ca la mities
w h ich usua ll y a tte n d g rea t re v ol ution s U nde r th e .
V a n da l s th ey e re a ll ow e d th e fre e e xe rcis e of th e ir
re l ig ion a n d on th e p a y m
,
e n t of trib ute w e re p e r
a t N a l es R om e M il a n a n d G e n oa for th e b e n e fi t
p , , , ,
of tra d e a nd u n d er th e sa n ction of th e l a w s
, Y et .
offi ce , and a p
p l ied th e ta xes w h ich w e re l e v k d fo r the ir s u p po rt to
t B al a n e ,
g p 5 60
. . A d n e rson on Comme rce .
142 H I STORY or TH E JE S W .
CH A P T E R Vl Il .
the T lm d
a u of B by l o — An ac
a u t of th
n M a m — P ersecutio
co n e a n
of th e J e ws i P ni d u in g the fi fth
e rs a d ixth ce nt uri — O f th
r an s es . e
S eb u rea ns an d G —S ta t of th J w
a on s . d th P e i mo
e e e s un er e rs an
T H E J e w is h a ca d e mies
ds in th e ea s t w e re tow a r
H e w a s b orn a t S ora in Ba b y l o n a n d a t th e ea rl y ,
a e of fourte e n w a s ch os e n s id e n t of th e ce l e
g p re
s ixt ea rs H e d ie d i n
y y .
of J ud a h th e S a in t to th e p eriod in w h ich h e l iv e d .
a t l e n g th fi n is h e d by h is d is cip l e s a n d s ty l e d th e ,
Ta l mud of Ba by l on fi "
T h is coll e c tion l ike th e ,
sch oo l s as th e T a l mu d of J e us l e m d e iv es its na m
,
e from its b e ing
r a r
JE S W . 143
ov erusa l e
p ri ,
w h ich ,
com l e te s s te m of a l l th e ir l ea rn in g a n d a c o m re
p y p ,
cel e b ra te d d is c ip l e s w h o w e re to h a v e fi n is h e d th e
, ,
*
by a v iol en t p e rse cu tion w h ic h ra g ed in P e rs ia
a ga in s t th e J e w is h n a tion a n d w h ich is sa id to h a v e ,
con tin ue d s e v e n t th re e
y y ea rs T h e s n a g og ues
y
-
.
a n d th e s ch ool s a n d ch a el s g iv e n to the M a g i
'
p
'
H u na ,
w h o w a s th e n th e J e w ish '
ch ief, a nd h is tw o
d is cip l es w ere imp ris on e d d ea th w ith d , a n d s uffere
a nd l g ld
e a e ter mina tions of th e se v lge ra rea t men of th e ir sch oo s a t l
d iff e re n t time s , th e tw o G e ma ras ma y be cons i ere d d a s one , a n d th e
B by l on is h o n ly a co ntin u a tion o f th e J l m It is true , h o we v
W
a e ru sa e . e r,
e xp res s io n of T lm d a u ; bu t on ly b e ca use , a s b e in g l te d mo
a r an re
co mp l e te th a n th t f Ja o e rusa e l m , it co mp rise s th e l as t. ~
A d a ms R e li
’
giou s or l d disp l ay ed , v ol i
'
.
p 33
. . .
It h a s e en v b een sa i d , th a t th ou h th ey g fi
af r m th e Scrip tu re , the
Mi s na , a nd G e ma ra , to be q u lly
e a of d iv i ne a u th o rity , th ey co mpa re
th e Sc r ip tu re to w a ter, th M i e sna to wine , a nd th e G a m ma to th e
ch oice s t w ine — Ba s na
ge, p 16 8 . .
t Le i s Ce remon ies
v J
«
of th e i 5 62
’
ews , p 3 10
. . Basna ge , p . .
144 msroa v '
or r a n JE S W
.
resumed by th e l ea rn e d me n of th e n a tion a n d it is ,
s ixth ce n tur
y T hi s w ork w as re ce iv ed wi th h igh
.
or S ce p tics w h o p rofe ss e d to d ou b t of e v e r th in
,
y g ,
a nd o os e d th e in fa ll ib il it w h i h th i b re th re n
pp
a ttrib ute d to th e Ta l mu d *
y c e r
th e O ld T es ta me n t
th is w ork “ A l a te l ea rn e d w rite r h a s s ty l e d
.
v a ring l a b ou r 1 T h e J e w s ca ll th e M a sora th e
.
'
h edge or fe n ce of th e l a w
,
b eca use th e e nu me ,
T h ey asse rt th a t w h e n G od ga v e th e l a w to M oses
on m h e ta ugh t h im th e true rea d in g
’
ou nt S ina i , ,
lab our on e x pl a in in g
com il ers of it th e J
p
7’ B g p 5 62
enna e, . .
146 H I STO RY or Ira n J ews .
h m is e d Oh os roes, th a t if h e w ould
’
u
p pr ose t e
y p ro ,
e in th e w orl d T h e k in g d upe d by .
,
th e p ers on s w ho w e re em l
p yo e d in th e tr ea ch erou s
y p
a b ettors h ad b een p u t to d ea th
, But this inte l .
e
comm on ca l a mitie s
,
a n d w e re trea te d w ith e q ua l
,
of l ea rn in g b eca m
W
e e xtin g uis h e d th e p rin ce of th e
th e m .
A D . . h e n H ormis d a s th e T h ird as .
s tro
y ed th e S eb urea ns , or S ce p tics T hese d octors
.
w e re d ch ie fs of th e
con s titu te a ca d e mies w e re c on ,
we re re ga rd e d a s ora cl e s b y th e ir br e th re n wh o ,
re b e ll e d a ga in s t h im a n d h a d th e a dd re s s to e n ga g e
,
th e J e w s in h is in te res t T h ey h owe v e r p a id .
, ,
sl a v ery l
-
W
reco n cil e d to th e J e w s w h o a e a r to h a v e re n de red
pp ,
ll m g p 5 65 Mod U iv s l H i t l xiii p 2 08
'
a a e, . . e rn n er a s . vo . . . .
l B
‘
as n a e ,
g p 5 6 6 M . U i . l H i t l xiii p 18
avo r s
’
n versa s . vo . . . .
1 J r s l emw
. e u a ov d f m th P ia by th G k mp
a s rec e re ro e e rs ns e ree e e ror
H li
e ra c d oo
us, a n ft s
'
t k by th A b i
u a er S a th f ll wi g
en e ra a ns . ee e o o n
ch a p ter.
W
W
148 ms ronr '
or TH E JE S .
th a m,
'
p eop l e to a crue l d ea th f
"
h il e C h os roes w a s
'
,
p
th e ir b re th re n in Pa l e stine to ma k e a n a tte m t to
p
con q ue r T re a n d d e str o its in h a b ita n ts Bu t
y , y .
p u l se d t h e m w i th g rea t b ra ver
y A fte r th is disa
p .
p o i n tm e n t t h e
y
,
d is ers e d th e mse lv e s th rough th e
p
a n d a ssa ul te d a n d b u rn e d ma n
W
c ou n tr f the
'
y , y o
u i h d b t h e T ria n s w h o sa ll ie d ou t of th e cit
q s e
y y , y ,
a n d ma d e a terribl e sl a ugh te r l
-
s iv e ,
w h ich in te rd icte d th e m from e d uca tin g th e ir
s
l
B g p
asna e , 5 6 6 . . B g M d U iv
a na H i t
e. o ern n e r. s .
W
W
15 9 n l sr onv or TH E JE S .
T h e J ew s j oine d th e G
W
ga inst J 111k oth s "E
in I ta l y a
W
l u tion : h e n th e c itize ns w ere a b out to ca p itul a te
.
,
A D . At l e n gth u n d e r th e re ig n of ,
ue n t ra is e d a n ins u rrection ,
Th e fid l itye of th e J
e ws to th e G oth ic ki g
n s ca nn ot j u tly
s be
a ll ged
e
a g a ins t th e m, s ince the y were th e n th e ir s ubj ect s.
Ba sna ge, p 5 79 ; .
A D
. . T h e J e ws a t th is p eriod n otwith
, ,
p oss bl H is .
e n d ea vo u rs p rov e d so s u cc es sful if w e ma y de p e nd
,
a rt of th e m r e n ou n ce d J ud a is m a n d w ere ba p
p ,
W
.
33 9 , p 5 7 9.
. M oshe im ’
s Ecc les iastica l Hi s t . v ol . 11. p 98
. .
H I STO RY O F TH E JE S W .
CHA PTE R I X .
A pp eara nce f M h om t — Hi b h v i
o a e t s e a our o th e J ews — T he
y ta ke
ar ms a ga ins t h im a re red u ced and compe ll ed to become tributa ry
, , .
m
.
g
G re o ry th e G re a t — '‘
l h ey a re se e trea te
. by th e e mperor I
-
v d
Hera c ius, who insti a tes oth e r mona rch s to pe rsecute th em
l g
W
.
A D. .M AH O M E T th e fa mou s A ra b ian ,
imp ostor a p p ea re d in th e ea rl y p a rt of th e s e v en th
,
ce n tu ry a n d e s ta bl is h e d a n e w rel ig ion
,
w h ich by , ,
.
,
te mp l e of J erusa l e m ; a n d a d op te d ma n y of th e ir
O p inions a nd cus toms in ord er to e nga g e th e m ,
ale
i n h is in te res t .
to r ie s b,
e g a n to re g a rd h im a s t h e e x p e c te d M e s s ia h ,
an d s o m e p e r s o n s o f d is tin c t io n a m o n g th e m e m
b ra d
c e h is r e l ig i o n H o w e v er t h.e
y w ere s oon
, ,
a fte r m,
u c h o ff e n d e d a t h i s e a t in g ca m e l s fl e s h w h ic h ’
b dd
is for i e n y b t h e M o sa i c l a w B u t th e fe a r of .
-
a p e a ri g n in c o n s ta n t o r t h e h O
p e o f d er iv ing ad
p ,
Ba g p 5 6 6 G
s na e ,ibb l i
. . on, vo . v .
154 i ns r onr or r un JE S W .
am on g h is foll ow e rs .
W
h imnea r K a ib a r ; a n d th ough th is p l ac e w a s th e se a t
of th e J e w is h ow er in A ra b ia th is mis e ra bl e e o l e
p , p p
w e re d efea te d w ith g rea t sl a ugh te r T h e ir l ea de r .
,
s ta nc
y w h ich c h a ra cte riz es h is n a tion A fter th e .
h is na tiv e l a n d of A ra b ia * .
a n d th ei r v a l ou r b e in g a n im a te d b
y,
t h e v iol e n t s irit
p
of fan a tic is m w a s a l toge th e r irre sis tibl e
, O ma r .
.
,
W
s
,
a n d E gy p t ith th e S a ra ce n s u n d e r h is comma n d
.
,
1
an d l '‘
ur k s, wh o b gie n th e ir co mp u ta tion fro m the da y tha t M ah ome t
co mpe lle d to ma ke h is esca pe fro th e m c it
y of M e cca , w hic h too k
pl a ce , J ly u 16, A . d
D 6 2 2 , un e r th e rei
.
t M e mpe ror Heracl ius .
9 G ibbon, vo l . v i.
H I STORY or r u n JE S W . 15 5
W
th e g rou n d w h e re S ol omon s te mpl e stood wa s p re
’
,
e v e n a cc us e d of ha v in g in g ra tia te d th e ms e lv es with
us ed th e ir
p ros erit
p y w ith m od e ra tio n ; a n d th oug h
th e J e w s ofte n ch a ng ed ma s te rs b th e s w ift s uc
y
c es s ion of mon a rchs th e y o n l y p a rticip a te d in th e ,
W
Bas n age , p 5 7 2 . . l
J er u sa em wa s tra nsfe rre fro m th e p osse ss ion d
o f th e G re e k
Ch r is tians , to th e ominio n of th e ra ia n ussa ma ns , d A b M l
a nd c ontinued in s ub ec tion to th e cal iph s , a ou t fou r h u n re
j b d d
y ea rs . he n Om r t k a oo th e city , th e i nh b it t w
a an sll w d ere a o e
l ig ion ; p oh ib i t d f om
[
e xe rcis e of
J
th e th e ir re bu t the y w e re r e r
b ild i
u ng a ny n e w ch u rc h e s, e ith e r in th e me tropo l is , or the adj a ce nt
c o u ntr
y ; from ri in d g up ddl e o h e ing y k i d of rm
on sa s, r ar an n a s.
Th ey w e re o b l ig ed t d ess i diffe t m
o f m th M h d
r n a ren a n ne r ro e a
S a ra cen
’
s Con q ue s ts , p 258
. .
l 56 ms ronr '
or TH E JE S W .
co mmon l mities
ca a w h ich a tte n d g rea
in gove rnme nts T h ey h i .
'
of th e fi rs t ca l i h s w h o
p ,
e xe rcis e of th e ir re l ig ion
ca tiv it to j o g r t
p y e n
y ea
th e ir a ca d e mics to b e o
p e ne d ,
a nd
ha ve be e n
q ually ind ulg en t to th e J ew ish na tion
e
with th e fi rs t ca l ip h s I n I ta l y w h e re th is p e op l e
.
,
w rote to h is rece iv er in S ic il y to a ba te th os e w h o ,
p a rt o f C h ris t s fold a
’
n d t h a t t h e
p pro e r m e th od to
a n d con d e mn e d th e z ea l of s ome of th e b is h op s
'
v irgin in a sy na g og ue G re gory
, .
th e cros s
Ba s nage , p 5 7 3 . .
'
u rs ro mr or r . m: J aws .
T h is e x p e d ie nt , h ow e v er , d id . n ot l es se n th e m o
n a roh s a e rs ion v to th e J e w is h n a tion
’
ale
.
J e ws , w h en , l ting th e d iv in ers e on
u
p on h is con s u
c e rn in g th e fa te of th e e m ire h e r ce iv d f or
p e e ,
W
v a rious p la ce s con firme d h im in th is b el ie f ; a nd
,
e d ic t ro h ib it in g th e m from a ro a c h in g w ith in
p , pp
th re e mil es of th e c ity T h e e mp eror w a s not
. .
, , ,
re l a te d in th e followin g ch a p ter .
B g p 5 8 0
as na e , A d i g t .th ou t f .M h i m
ccor th n o e a cc n o os e , e
emp ror H r l i b i g i
e e ac d g i t th i mi b l p pl by
us , e n n ce nse a a ns s s e ra e eo e,
c rue lmm a a } ,
an d o d e e d mu l titu d s of th emto be i h uma l y d ragge d
r r e n n
co mp ul sion .
”
— M osh eim’s E ccl esia s tical H istv ry , v ol . ii p 15 2
. .
1 '
P re v iou s to th e con ues t of q Jer usal e m by the Sa racens , which
h as b een men tione d in th e p rece di g p
n a rt of th is c h ap te r.
1 Ba sna ge , p 5 81
. .
H I STORY O F TH E JE S W .
C HA PT E R X .
t
a os as
p y f th J w i h ov t —Th e hel h p s f T l d w
con er si t s e a rc
'
ns o o oe o r e
W
.
in d tor er v t th m— T h y f m
o con erpi ye g i t th e or a co ns ra c a a ns e
Sp i h g
an s m t —S lw
ove rn en t d g i t th m— O f
ev ere a s a re enac e a a ns e
h—
“
.
th J w i G
e e T heys xp l l d by ki g D g b t
n a rt d by are e e e n a o er , a n
mb k i g f th G th — T h y f d
a a, n o ed my i L l
o s. e oun a n aca e n u ne .
T H E J e ws ,
who w ere tra n sp l a n te d to S p a in by
th e p o icy of l b ecome n u me rous in th a t
Ad ria n had
k in do m g d g cq gne d w ml mby the ir d exterity in
.
,
g , _
W
tra de T h e ir a fll ne n ce excited th e a va rice of th eir
.
Th e e mp eror
had b e en en gage d in ar w ith
S iseb ut, th e S pa n ish mona rch ,
ma de it on e of th e
p rin ci al
p l
a rtic es of th e p ea ce, tha t th e in g s hou d k l
co mp eL th em to v b rece i e a tis m, or a a n on th e
p b d
k ingd om T h e rel ig ious b igotry of S ise but in duce d
.
‘
h ow e v e r th t d urin g th e l ife o f
a ,
v ou rin
g to e sca e
p b y a v ol u n ta ry e x il e from th e e v il s
th e y e nd ure d
A D . . T he con d uct of th e k ing was ,
c on d e mne d b y th e cl e rg y in S p a in I n th e fourth .
h ed
p .
w e re th a t G od h a rd e n s a n d h a s comp a ssion on
, ,
w h om h e p l ea s es a n d th a t n on e ca n b e s a v e d w ith
h on ou r of th e c h urch to p e rs e v e re in conformin g ,
p r e te n d e d c o n v e rts r e l a
p s e d in to J u d a is m w h e n e ve r ,
tia n
Ba snage , p 5 81 . . Hi t s ory of S pa in .
By th is la w it wa s ord a in e d th a t e v e ry J e w who , ,
“
re fuse d to re ce iv e ba tis m, sh ould s uffe r a se v ere
'
p
cor oral u n ish me h t be e xil e d from the k in gd om,
p p i
,
A D. .
p eo
p l e ,
w rote to th e k ing i n th e b re th re n na me of th e ir
c on form to t h e l a w s of
'
to v iol a te th e s e e n ga g e me n ts
'
T h e y e v e n cons e nted .
,
fi sca te d .
+
T he a m le ro mis e s con ta in e d in th
p p
d ere d th e ir s in ce rity more s na
p
con d uc ;m st rict l y ob s e rv ed
t ore .
ra n JE S W . 163
u
p p r os e b y co e rc iv e
. m e a s u res : o rd e re d J u l ian , ,
a rc h b is h o f T l d i g i h m ‘
’
t w t a t t a nd
'
o o e o 0 r e a n s e y
p
‘
'
th ié p re l a te , in 6 86 , p u bl is h e d
'
l ea rn e d tre a tis e,
'
a ,
W
ro e s from th e p roph e tic w ritin s,
in w h ic h h e p v g
th a t J es u s o N a za r e th 2 8 the M es s ia h
' '
f 1
ed
.
Th e G otl g k
y d iscov re ,
th a t h a tr e d
TEE J E E
’
‘
of s u
pp ort, an d w ith th e s e cre t h op e of ,
more ef
fe ctu a l s u ccour from th e . S a ra ce n s th ey fi xed ia d a y
‘
to e re ct th e s ta n d a rd of re vol tfi .
B efore . th e a
pp o inte d time a rr iv e d , th e ir p re
p a ra tion s l m ed
h ad a ar ,
and . th e ir inte n tion s ee n b
b etra y e d to k in g E gica . T h is mona rch compl a ine d
of th e con spira c to th e c ou nc il of T ol e d o a n d
y
"
d e ma n d e d th e a ss is ta n ce a n d a dv ice of th e d iv ines ,
th e y re solv ed ,
'
w e fi n d th e J e w s s till O d d t d
pp r e s s e a n
p e rs ec u e .
Basnage , p 5 83. . Hi ts or of
y Spa in . i Ba snage
: .
M 2
l 64 H IS TO RY JE S W
W
or TH E .
As soon a s th e Roma n s
d rive n out of Gaul , *w e re
a n d th e V is igoths su re ss e d e l d i ec ti ons an d
pp s ev ra r ,
a rticu l a r u n de r C h il de b ert D h
p , [ A w o , . .
th e ir con v e rsion .
d is h e d th e J e w s I .
e n te re d th e c it in h is w h ite ga r me n t w h ich be in g
y ,
ob se rve d b a J ew h e th re w a p ot of oil 06 v e ry
y ,
i
G l w h d by th V i ig th d B g d i gw h Gl dvid
au as s a re e s o s an u r un a ns e n‘ ,
wince , a nd t bl i h d
es a ew k i g d om t w h i h h g v th
s e a n am eo fn , o c e a e e n
f Th J w whe e ttl d i G
s o sel t ly p i d md b t li ttl
e n au a a n ea r er o , a e u
’
e
figu re ,nd ar
a ly k w by m d i t f C t ti w hi h
e on no n so e e c s o ons a n ne , c
m ti th m i B l g i G l T h y b g t b
en on e n e c ti d i th
au hi. e e an o e no ce n e s.
i Bas aa ge w p 5 88 .
W
166 n arrow
W a mb a
or
k ing of th e G oth s in
La n g ue doc a lso e xh ib ite d a viol e n t e n mity a ga in s t
, .
,
TH E
th is p e op le ; a nd is s ued a n e d ic t w h ic h e xp e ll e d th e m
'
JE S .
.
‘
a
p p , y
force of a rms Th e k in g e n trus te d coun t Pa ul h is
.
,
W
d es tin e d to a ct a ga in st th e reb el s Bu t ins te a d of .
.
a nd ca us e d h ims el f to b e crow n e d k in g At l e n gt h ! .
,
c on d e mn ed
‘
h owe v er ,
h e w a s d e fea te d a nd by, .
-
a mb a ; a n d h is a cco mp l ice s, e s p ec ia ll h e J e ws
‘
y t ,
w e re e x e ll e d from th e k in d omfi
‘'
p g .
th e y h a d fou nd e d a t L un el a .
,
y , p
th e mos t l ea rn e d J e w is h ra bb ies re cei v e d th eir
e d uca tion .
Ba snage , p 5 84 . .
HI STO RY O F TH E . JE S W .
C H A P T ER X I .
W
6f the p re te n e con dd v i f th k i g f
e rs o n o e n o Ch o z ar to Jd u i
a s m .
S ta te of th e e aste rn J w i th igh th d
e s n e e an n int h ce n tu ries — Th ey
a re fa v o ure d by v se e ra l of l
th e ca ip h s , w h o w e rea tta ch e d to l ite ry ra
di g
s ra c efu l ba d ge of d istin c tion — ta te of th e
'
. S Jw e s un de r th e
G re ci an e mpe rors .
— A fa l se M ess ia h a ppea rs in Sp i a n .
— O f th e ir
TH E ei g h th y l b ra te d b y
ce n tur J e w is h. is ce e
p h il oso p h e rs ,
a nd J ew s .
At l e n g th a l ea rn e d ra bb i c on v in ce d h im
, th a t ,
oth e rs w e re b u t a s th e s h a d o w to th e s ub s ta n c e ,
or th e p icture to th e l iv in g or ig ina l C h oz a r th e re .
in itia te d in th e be l ie f a nd ce re mon ie s of th e J e w s
'
‘ ,
s.
th a t p rince , a n d of h b ee n
much is p ute d
ale
d .
Du rin g th e ei
gh th , a nd
p a rt of th e nin th ce n tur
y ,
th e e a s te rn J e ws un d er th e d omin ion of th e ca l i h s
p ,
s u s ta in e d th e ir sh a re mities w h ich
in th e cal a re s u te l d
from th e ci v il w a rs amon the ir con q u e rors T hey
g .
,
h ow e v er ,
e nj o e d e n tire l ib e rt
y y of con sc ie nce u n der
th e ca l ip h Ab da l mel ech , a nd h is tw o s ucces s ors
and th e ir d octors p os s es se d a ll th e ir a nc e n t i p ri vi
l eg e s .
In th e g n of Z e y d th ey su ffe re d s ome op pr es
r ei
me n t of th e O mmia d es u n d e r M e rva n th e ir co n ; ,
A D . .T h e ca l ip h Al ma n sor w h o w a s a ,
. . . .
Th e fa l of th e l O mmi d d th
a ta bl ish ment f th e d y nasty
e s, an e es o
'
. . .
d e s tro y e d h imse l f } :
A D
'
.
,
a n : e mb a s sy to C h a rl e ma g ne p e ror of th e ,
.
T h is ca l ip h p la ce d th e a ca de mics of th e e a s te rn
.
,
W
h is s u bj ec ts h e con tin ue d to d is tin g uis h l ea rn e d me n
,
M 1! 9 as s o h ig h l
y e ste e m ed - : .
c ou rt th a t h e w a s s ty l e d th e P h aan ix of th e age
, ,
.
.
.
W
M os es a p p ea red w h o p re ten d e d tha t h e w a s the
,
ra is e d fro m th e d ea d f;
Ba snage , p 5 9 1 . . G ib bo n , v ol . v i i. p . 189 .
i Bas nage , p 5 92
'
. .
1
l 6 :3
; Ib id .
p 5 94
. .
m '4 ' w
n rsr onr or run s
'
J e ws o le , b e ca us e the re fu se d
.
B h ated th is e
p p
e y
to rece ive th e Ko ra n a s a n a uth e n tic re v el a tion , a nd
.
W
a ga in s t th e m D urin g h is re ign th ey w ere : l oa d e d
. . .
v bl ige d la rge ms
‘
w ith h e a y ta xes , a nd o to p ay su in to
th e trea s u ry me
at
. u . .
n
.A . D M ota ra k el th e success or of Al .
”
w a is ts , as an " d in v id ious
is tin ction ; I an d ma rk of
a e a rs th e h a d til l t h e n e nj o e d H f i b d
pp .
y y e o a e .
b ourin g k in g do m s ; a n d th e s e ma rk s of in fa my in ,
l e w ith e q ua l conte mp t In th e re ig n —
. .
th e l a s t of th e rinces w h o s ucc ee d e d
p .
W
, , .
, , .
If
uwe t M rn from th e
a h ome ta n to th e C h ris tia n .
monarcli s e fi nd th e J e w s e xp os e d to e q ual if n ot
, .
,
,
J " 3
Bas na gef p 5 9 4
H
. .
, ,
p '
rel ig ion th e y ha d re ce n tl y
p ro fe s se d b
'
y w a shin g ,
T h e J e ws w h o h a d p re te n d e d ob e dien ce to th e
,
th e y a ck now l ed g e d th e ms e lv es w ors h ip p e rs of th e
cros s ,a n d h ol
y i ma ges a nd
p ra y ed to G od th a t h e
w ou ld in fl ict up on th e m th e l e p rosy of G e h a z i a nd ,
to th e es ta bl is he d rel igion .
a nd on ly
th e p rin cipal
'
g a te s of o n e of th e
c h in c h es ,
‘
w h ich s h ou ld be na me d by th e b is hop ;
a n d to p a
y
’
a er e tua l
p p fi ne of v th irte e n p ou n ds of
v
,
.
,
‘
fro m ca r ry in g on th is s ca n d a l ous tra fli ck h e d id n ot ,
e xa ct a n
y
'
or lay an
y res triction s u
p on the ir co mmerce }
T h ey w e re h ig h l y fa v ou re d by L e w is , s urna me d
D ebona ir w h os e ch ie f p h y s ic ia n
, med S e d ecia s , na ,
had to th e e rs on
'
re s e n ts a cce s s p
p a n ea s
y
~
of th eir
'
g n ; wh oa llow e d th e m th e l iberty of
s o e re i v
T h i v t th gh l t d by m y h i t ri i d i p dt d b;
s e en ,
ou
' f
re a e an s o a ns , s s e
Ba s na e ,w h d mit l th t
o a t h f t w f t iz th t T
s on l e ru o o a c s, v a o u o us e
g y .
was b i g d by th S
es e e d th t th J w i th e ity w e il l
a ra ce n s , an a e e s a e c er
i th i y d i
'
u d
se d b fl tt d i th p
an u
‘
e e Th i
n y h
e e rs o n o
‘
e r s n c. s,
”
sa
'
s e,
w d
as t f h t d t th J w
one o u w ith
o t th ei b i g g i l ty
a re f o e e s, ou r e n u o
tre ach y w i v t d i
er as d t th iz th p i h m t d th
n en e , n or er o au or e e un s en an e
i f my —B m g
n a
”
.
p 5 98 a i a e, . . n o 3
‘
1 Ba sna ge , p 5 9 8 . .
msr onv or r u n JE S W . 175
e k ci e d l
’
h a ugh ty f a nd ins ol e nt, a nd th e
'
'
C h ristia n sth e .
“
to obs e rv e th e sa bba th a rid ca rry on a ny commerce
'
T h e y compl a ine d .
sa r ies to L o n s to ma k e in q u
'
ir ies in to the b is h O
’
y p s
s w e re
' '
, ,
'
t th ey w e re re _
‘
Afte r th e b is h op fou n d a l l h is a tte mp ts frus tra ted ’
‘
,
a n te d h ima n a u d ie n ce
'
a ll h is s ol ic ita tio n s a n d on l g r
y ,
w h e n h e w a s a b out to de p a rt T h e p rotection th e .
on e of th e mos t l ea rn e d b is h op s of th ea ge re nd ere d
‘
th e m so p op ula r th a t it w a s sa id op e nl a t court
' '
,
y ,
res p ec t E v e n s om
. e C h ris tia n s ob se rve d S a tu rd a
y
for th e sa bba th a n d prefe rre d a tte n d in g th e s ermon s
,
of th e ra b to th os e of th e c urates a n d mon k s ,
w h o a t th is time w e re e xtremel ig n o ra nt I t is
y
e ve n sa id th a t a d ea con n a me d Pa u do q uitt d h is
'
e
om
,
c e 1n th e c hu rc h a n d w e n t o v e r to th e s n a gogu e
y ,
1 *B s g p 5 9 9 Mod U i ffl i t ol xiii 2 4 1 t I b id
a on a , n v s v
p
. . .
. . . . . .
I76 '
n rs ronv or TH E JE S W .
T h e J e ws un der Ch a rl es th e B a ld ,
w ere l ess firm s
rishin a nd rin g th e
g p
re ig n of h is b ish op s ,
W
foll ow h is e xa mp l e T h e conse que n ce was th a t
.
,
th e J ew is h h
p y s ic ia n, wh o as so fa mous in th e
p re ced in g re ig n ; a n d it w a s s u
pp ose d h e w as in ,
,
-L
g
ex ec ute d on a l l the fi n e d to th e s y nd ic
J ew s ,
b ut con ,
in the na m f e o t h e '
re s t I n re m o te c ities th ey w e re
.
an i At
y
.
B g p 5
a s na 9 9e, M d .U i”v l H i t y
o er n ol xi ii p 2 4 8n e rs a s or , v . . . .
C H A P T E R X II .
Fl i h i g t t f l i g m g th
our s n s a e o t J w t th om
earn n a on e e as e rn e s a e c
m m t f th t th
ence en t y —Th i t
o e en q ill ity i i t pt d
ce n u r . e r ran u s n erru e
by i t l d iv i i — Of thei l
n e rna d bb i — Th J w i Egy p t
s ons . r ea rne ra es . e e s n
p
a re t d b th
ersecu e
y l ip h H ak m w h i t d
e ca w l i e , o n ro uce s a ne re
gi Th y
on . -
xp ll d f m th
e a re et — S m f th m t l
e e ro d e eas o e o e os ea rne
m g th m p i t Sp i
a on e d l tiv t l it t
a ss n o d th S
a n, an cu a e e ra ure u n e r e a
racens— Th T l m d i t l t d i t th A b i l g g — T h y
e a u s ra ns a e n o e ra c an ua e e
tt mpt t
a e v t th M h m t ; d
o con e r p e t d by th
a o e a ns an a re e rsecu e e
ki g f G d — K i g F d i d I
n o rena a. l v t d t y th m;
n er nan . reso es o es ro e
b t i p v t d by th p p
u s re e n e d bi h p Th ev l ti o e an d s o s. - e re o u on ca use
W
by th M i Af i
e xt i t
oors th m f m p
n r ca ti e — Th r ca e s
y e ro e rse cu on . e
f v
a re d by Al ph
a ou re d hi g d P t — Th C d
onso, an s ran son a on e ru sa e rs
m th
a ssa cre J w Di p t e i e m g th m p ti g th
s .- s u es a r se a on e res e c n e
t d y f th
s u i o —O f th l d bb i i Sp i
e sc ence s d F e ea rne ra es n a n an ra nce .
p a tron s of
p h il os o h
p y in th e ea s t T h e J e w s u n d er .
,
th a t th e fa mous me n wh o a pp ea re d a mon g th e m a t
th is time we re s up e rior to th ose of a ny p re ce d in g
,
T
ag e s ince th e ir d is p e rs ion xl
‘ ‘
,
t Bas nage, p .
ms ronr o n TH E JE S W . 179
com e ll e d to to th e ca l ip h s A f te r h a vin g th is
p p y
a .
as mona rc h In con se q ue n ce of h is a r
a n e as te rn . .
A D . Th e n a tion a t th is ti me w e re nu
m
.
e rous a nd
p o w e rful ,
e s p ec ia lly in th e c it
y of
in t h is cit ,
y at th e h e a d of w h ich w as th e
W
U ran us , u n d er
fl ouris h e d a b out th irty w h om it
e a rs H e was a m a n of g rea t l ea rn in g b u t a v io
y .
,
le nt e n e my to th e C h ristia ns p a rtic ul a rl y to th e ,
h e w as s uccee d e d by h is son Ha y 1 w h o ob ta in e d ,
'
9
Th e power of th e h ea s d of th e a cad emies w l mo t eq ua l to as a s
i ns u rrec tions a gi
a ns t e a ch oth e r. Th e p ri nce s o f th e ca p ti ity and v
hea d s of th e aca d e mics w e re b o th e l ecte d
by a ma ority of otes ; j v
a nd so metimes b
o th the se d ig ni ties were ves ted i n t h e sa me person .
Ba s na ge , p 6 02 . .
t The ews p re te n J d th at l
h e was ine a y esce n e from in Da i ; ll d d d k g vd
h en ce h e b o re th e l io n on h is a rms . a s d id a ll th e in s of u ah , k g J d
a g e bl y t J b p p h y
r ea o i g th t t ib
ac o
’
s B th q i d
ro ec con ce rn n a r e. u e ac u re
ca bb li ti l w k ty l d Th v i f G d i p w —J ( odm
a s ca or , s e , e o ce o o n o er.
”
N 2
180
st
C
l ed h i m,
ms rouv
th e
'
O F TH E
mos t e xcell e n t of a l l
JE S W .
th e e xce ent. ll ”
y
H e was pl ace d at th e h ea d of two aca d e mics , a nd
l
e e cted prince of th e ca tiv it
p y . He d ied in 1037;
ag e d s ix ty nine y ea rs -
.
9"
Th e J e w s, in th e reign of th e H a k em ,
f
s uf ere d secution for a sh ort time in T he
‘
p e r
p t .
es ta bl ish a n e w re l igion of wh ic h h e s h ou l d b e th e ,
hea d r l T h e l a rg e n u mb e r of Pa ga ns wh o a cce d ed ,
W
A D . . T h e ca l iph s of th e h ous e of th e
Abb a ss id es w h o h a d a l way s fa v oured th e J ews
, ,
h o re ig ne d by th e na me of C aj e m re solv ed to ,
e xtir ate th is u n h a l F th i h e
p e
p py p p o e o r s u
p p r o s e .
sh u t u h i a ca d e mie s ; ba nish e d th e ir
'
p t e r
p ro fe ss ors
I
Basnage, p .
t He bl e d d th
n e e re li gion of th e fi r m , with O ther tenets , whic h
h e p rete nd éd w v
rece i e fro mthe d e it y — EM , p . 605 .
Bas nage , p 6 05 . .
t
ms ronv '
or TH E JE S W .
th e ir
But, ge n erall y k in g it w a s l y d uring
*
s ea on
p ,
u n ion w ith th e .
S a ra ce ns in S p a in , or in th e fl ou
W
ris h in
g a g es of th e ca l ip h s of B a gd a t th a t th e y ,
a
p rofa n e l a n guage s l '
h il e th e Ch ristia n s an d Ma
a tte n tion of
‘
th e
h ome ta ns in S p a in w a s O cc up ie d by th e ir m utual ‘
.
u n d e r th e S a ra ce n mona rc h s ; a n d th e
y b e ca uie
merous
'
nu a nd a fll ue n t. D u rin g th is p rosPerous
mny l ea rned doctors a re d a mon g th e m
'
e ra a a
pp e ,
th e Ba by l on ish ra h Ha s h e y m I I th e S a ra ce n .
e tra n sl a te d in to th e A ra b ic l a n g ua g e in order ,
, ,
q uen ce s
l
T h e w a rs in S p a in w h ich ra ge d w ith v iol e nce ,
B tlu er s
’
Hora Bibl icz
e .
1 Bas nage , p 6 06 . .
Ab ou t the b gi
e nnin g of th e e e lv e nth century , o T l doe , Val en tin,
ms rom:
' r
or TH E JE S W .
l 83
h im a p p oin te d ch ie f of th e ir n ation , a nd
'
Ba b y l on a n d E gy p t to w h om h e was a l ibera l be ne
'
T ow e v e r w a s da m e d
[ A D. . h j y
e ir o h p , ,
‘
mode ra tion .
‘
a l ea rn e d a n d z ea l ous ra bb i a ss is te d b th e A ra b ic
y ,
se v e rit
y o f th is m o n a r ch w a s more s en sibl y fe l t
a fte r a s e ries of ro s e r it w h ich h a d re n d e re d
p p y ,
th em af
fl uen t and
p ow e rful . T h ey w ere a
pp re
v l
Se il e , and a lmost al l the grea t cities in Sp a in , h a d th e ir in d epend e nt
ge , p 607 . .
M
T msroa r r
o n TH E JE S W .
A D
. . T he v l
re o ution, d by th e ca us e
c e ss o r o f F e rd in a n d b e in g e x t,re m e l y d is t r e s se d by
th e in r c ea s in g p o w e r o f th e S a r a c e n s f o u n d h im s,
e lf
o bl ig e d t o b e fr i e n d a n d c a re s s th e J e w s i n o rd er to ,
b
o ta in fr o m t h e m p e r s o n a l a n d p ec u n ia r
y a s s is ta n ce .
th C h i ti P o G r e g o r h ig h l y d is a p p r o v e d
e r s a n s p e
.
y
l f h k i g i d lg d
’
of th is a s t i n s ta n ce o t e n s n u e n c e a n ,
up b ra i e d d h i m w ith h a v i n g e s
y n a o ue
g g
f T h e Yem
o f S a ta n a b o v e th e c h u rc h o e n
»
B 6 0 7 + I bid ’
g p a s na e, . .
.
186 '
n i s t on r or r u n JE W S.
,
th e m . Und e r th e id ea of g a bl essings tr
p roc u rin -
th e ir e x p ed ition ,
th ey d e s troy e d th e d es ce n da n ts of
th ose , w h o crucifi e d our S a viou rfi "
s uf ,
P
ra bb ie s a p p ea re d w h o we re d is ting u is h ed for a b il ity
,
, ,
h is famil y ca me to S p a in as e a rl y a s th e re ig n of
T itus a nd h a d s ub s iste d th e re till th is tim
, e He
‘
r ofoun dl y v e rs e d in ma th e ma tics th a t th e k in g of
p ,
G re na da w h o wa s a p a ss iona te a d mirer of th is
,
v ol i p 22
. . . .
Ba snage , p 608 . .
mbe r of fa mous
.
Th e nu ra bb ies , wh o a
pp ea re d in
th e e e l v e nth a nd tw e fth l . ntu ries
ce
‘
,
u ce s . Th ose w h o h ad ac qu ire d a ta s te
l y w is h ed : to ma k e farth e r i m
d
“
a r en t
re v iv e d But ra bb i S ol omon h e n Ab ra h a m w h o
.
- -
,
e n tire l ib ert of l ea rn in g th e l a n gu a g es w ll
y a s e as ,
E nfi e l d s il os oph y
’
v ol . 11.
p 2 04
s , . .
To fa c i ita te th el s tu dy of A ri s to t e a l hJ
mong t e ews, h is w ritin g s
d f o m the A b ic to th e
were tra ns l a te r e ra H b wt g
e r on u e Se v l era oth e r
a ncie n t wo k p ti u l l y the E l m s o
r s, ar c ar e en t f E lid uc , a nd th e med ica l
wr itin g of the G ks towards th e cl ose of
s re e , th e thirteenth centu ry ,
a
p pea red i H eb ew d ress
n a r .
i Bas na ge , p 6 10 . .
188 s u mmer o r r1119
: JE S W
.
na tiv e of G erma n h w v h u bl is h e d h is
y ; o e e r e
p ,
e l a s e d b e fore th is w ork m
a l on
g t im e
p et w ith the
the L ig h t of th e F ren ch
J a cob th e s on of J e ka r one of G ers ion s p up ils
, ,
’
,
p e r io d ra bb i S h e ri ra fl o uris he d a n d ob l ige d h is
,
a l so u bl is h ed a n u mb e r of s ermons A n oth er of
p .
, ,
Ba snage , p 6 10
. .
190 ms rour
'
or TH E JE S W .
C H A P T E R X I II .
0f th J w i H g y d i g th
e e s n l v th t y —P
un a r ti of ur n e e e en cen u r a e rsecu on
th i p p l
s i G m y
eo d B h mi — Th C
e n erd m an an o e a . e ru sa e rs a ssacre
v t m l tit d f th m i th i m h th gh th iti f G
as u u es o e n e r a rc ro u e c es o er
m y t th H l y L d — T h y
an o iv
e t Jo l m b i g and . e a rr e a eru sa e , es e e an
ta ke th e city , and
p u t al l th e Jews to d ea th —Of th e second cru sa de .
A D . . DU RI NG
l a tter p a rt of th e th e
e l e v e n th c e n tu ry S t La d isl a us k in g of H un ga ry
, .
, ,
T h e n u mb e r a n d p ow e r of th e J e w s h a d a l so
b ecome g rea t in G e rma ny ; a nd th ey h a d e recte d
s u erb s n a g og ue s in m
.
os t of th e rin ci a l citie s
p y p p ,
a ll ow e d th e p riv il e g e of a sy n a g og ue T he y s uf .
o t d a n d e n c ou ra ge d b s e v era l monar ch s p as se d
p r e y ,
Ba snage , p 6 16 . .
H ISTO RY or Ira n JE S W . 19 1
u nh a p p y p eop e l . ,
But a t en l gth it
th a t h e p i a e th e
g ll h d
ris tia n s a s C
th e J ew s ,
h e w a s s urp rise a n d s a in w ith d l
est
t .
p a rt of h is ar my .
l on g a fte r, th e l a n dg ra v e of L in 1ngh e n
decl a re d
h ims el f th e p ers e cutor J e w s a nd of th e ,
y ,
a ga in st th em : a nd th ey w e re a ccuse d of h a v ing
e x a gge ra te d th e ir l osse s in ord e r to e n rich th e m
,
a t S tra sb ur h t h irte en h u n d re d a t M a e n ce d
g , y a n
Bas nage , p 6 16 . .
g
t G re o ire on th e Re forma tion of th e J e ws ,
p 5 . .
4‘
A mod e rn J ewish a u th or h as th us d escri e bd
th e miserie s h is
192 111 mm on TH E mws .
n a l is ts a ss e rt th a t up wa rd s of tw e lv e tho u sa n d were
,
s la in in th e ir cou n tr ; n d a l l a gr ee th t th
y a a e ,
p h re n sy o f d e s a ir
p p u t a p e r io d to th e ir o
,w n l ive s .
W
a p p roa ch ing
“ th a t it wa s m
,
uc h b e tte r to se nd th e min to Ab ra h a ms
,
’
,
b os om th a n to a ba nd on th em to th e Ch ris tian s
,
” ’
.
W
,
na tion en d u ed f o mthe
r r fu ry of the Crusa d e rs : h e n from h is so li
ta ry re trea t a n e nth u s ias tic h e rmit p re ac h e th e cru s a des to t h e d
na tions of Eu rope , a nd a
p b
a rt of its inh a ita n ts e ft th e ir c ou n try to l
moiste n with th eir b l d
oo th e p ains of l
a es tin e , the ne ofP l
p ro is k ll m
c uo u s man ners to ll e d b fo th l e re e a ar m be ll of wa r . M ill io ns o f Jw e s
w e re the n mu r d d t g l t th p i
e re o u e o u s ra g
e of th e C ru sa d e rs . It w a s
by te a rin g th t il
e e n ra f th i b th
s o e r re re n th a t th e se w a rrio rs so u gh t t o
M z
e t is ,
p erh a
p s , th e o n
y c i ty in G e r ma ny w h l
e re t he Cru sa ers d
di d n ot imb rue th e i r h a n d s in th e bl d oo of the Je w s . Lew is the
Y ou g n hi d p t
, on fo P l ti s mb l d h i
e my i
a r u re r a es ne , ass e e s ar n this
pl ; d y t it i
a ce an t id th t th J w
e iv d a y i u l t
s no sa , a e e s rece e n ns . Th e
sil nce o f h i to ry in this r pe t mo u t to
e s p itiv e p roof es c a n s a os , if we
C sid er
on th t M etz th en h ad h i to ri s —G goi
, a
p 2 42 s an . re r e, . .
194 a 1ss oa r or r u n JE S W .
mos t in h u ma nl y p ut to deat h .
su
pp o rte d b
y th e e m p e ro r C onra d a n d th e F ren c h ,
k in g L e w is V I I Th e hermit R odol p h us w h o w as
.
,
q uired by th is po p u
W
l r
p rize H u me s H is tory
’
the y h ad ac a r e nte -
.
f
o
E ngl a nd , v ol i p 2 3 2 . . . .
G u th rie s i sto ry
’
H of th e or ld , vol . 1111. p . 66 . Gi bb on ,
H I STORY or TH E . JE S W . 195
to th e J e w s by th e in fl ue n c e b e d eriv e d from h is
ta l e nts l earn in g a n d v irtues l ae
.
, ,
b ut exte n d e d th rough th e
,
L et u s exte rmina te th e d e s ce n da n ts of th os e wh o
‘
c ru cifi ed J es us Ch r is t ; a nd l e t th e na me of I s ra el
”
er
p p , y ,
W
-
our atwnticn g g ed a n d ou r fe e l ing s
1s e n a ,
ta te d in re v ie w in g th e terribl e ca l a mities w h ic h
th e J e ws w e re c omp elle d to e n d ure w e may b e l e d ,
re s is t
a nc e a of p th e J ews i n th ei r l a st wa r
a
gains t the Roma n s grea tl y incen se d the l a tte r w h o ,
.
0 2
/
196 u rs ronv or
'
TH E JE S W .
y k
o e ; a nd th ey p res e r e v d e ve n to th e s e enthv
/
;
,
c e ntur
y , a s
p irit of s e d ition , w h ich e xcite d hatre d
ga in s t th e m
“Besides p eop l e p a rdon ea ch other l ea st; for
a .
th in k in g d iffe re n tl in re s p ec t to re l ig ion a nd if
y ,
it is th a t of th e J e w s Its d iv in e a uth or ga v e it th is
.
by w h om th ey w ere s urroun d e d J ud a is m is a n .
'
u gh it im os es th e obl i
e xcl us iv e w or h i
s p a
pd oth p
a tion of u n iv ersa l p h ila n th ro
py i ts s in ul ar it
g y
g ,
to d is g ra ce a nd fu ry to torture
, us , .
m
' -
u m n- M ~ ” . lfi I
w h e n u p on “ pl ,
e x e cutione rs Ma h o me t a t fi rs t s h ew ed a grea ti
. .
p l ac e to fu r
y H is K ora n w a s fi l l e d w ith v iol e n t
. .
a nd th e M uss ul ma n s w h o a rg u e d w ith th e sa b re , ,
C H A P T ER X IV .
S ta te of th e J ew s in v i u p t f th t i
ar o s ar s o e ea s n l
th e twe fth centu ry .
d III —l h y b com
.
B E NJ AM I N of T ud el a a c ity ,
ra bb i Peta ch ia h w h o tra v e ll e d a b ou t th e sa me
p e riod ob s erv e s
,
t h at
“ a w is h to m
,
a g n if th e im
,
y
p o rta n ce o f th e ir b re th r e n i s d isce rn ibl e in the
w r itings of b oth ; a n d for th e ir e xtre me c re dul ity , ,
c re d ib il it
y of th e ir na rra tiv e m u ch w ill s till re m a i n ,
‘
th e tw el ft h ce n tu ry e nj o ed th e
y p ea cea ble e,x erc is e
of th e ir rel ig ion a nd
p o s s e ss e d s e v era l con s id era bl e
,
by J P B ti
. . ar ra e r.
t B tl Ho u er s
’
ra Bibl ice .
ms roa r
'
or TH E JE S W . 199
ba n k s of th e E up h ra tes f
T h e cel e b ra te d a ca d e my of P un d e b ita h a d l os t
much of its or igin al g ra n de ur a n d conta in e d on ly a ,
thousa n d of th e ir b re th re n p art of w h om a p p l ie d ,
th emse lv es to th e s tu dy of th e l a w T h e a ca d e my .
to th e w e st ; a nd the J e w is h a ca d e mie s d ec l in e d in
cons e q uen ce of th e ir d ep arture But th oug h th e re .
,
a t O bk e ra y w h ich city h e p re te nd s w a s b u il t b y
,
Cha pl a i
Ba snage , p 6 l 9 .
3: Ibid .
p: 6 2 0 .
2 00
“
ms ronr '
or TH E JE S W .
th e ca l ip h M os ta n ge d w h o h ig h l y fa v ou red h is
‘
a n d h a d a cq uire d s ome k n ow l e dg e of th e M os a ic
o
g g ue s T.h ey w e re a l s o a ll ow e d ten trib un a l s ,
e r s on w h o th e n e nj o e d th is d ig n it w a s s t le d
p y y y
L ord by th e J e w s a n d by th e Ma h ometans th e s on
,
of D a v id h e b e in g a ccord in g to ou r a uth or l in ea ll y
, , ,
.
a l s o a ffi rm e d th a t th is ch ief re ce iv e d re g a l h on ours
,
h a d a n h un d re d g ua rd s to e scort h im w h en h e v is ite d
th e cal ip h ; a n d th a t a h e ra ld ma rch e d b efo re h im
'
cr in g P re a re th e w a y for th e L ord th e s on of
y , p , .
.
‘
k th e fo rce o f th e a r g u me n t fu rn is h e d b h
y t p p
e ro h ec
y
Bas nage , p 6 2 0
. .
$02 H I ST O RY or r a n JE SW .
on th e b an ks of th is r ive r r th a t h is tomb w as p re
‘
to it a s a p l a ce of d e v otion In C ufa on ce th e me .
,
4
’I
E
n a gogue .
th e sy n a gog ue s in E gy p t re s id e d in th is c ity ; a p
oin te d th e J e w is h d octors ; a n d s u p p orte d the in
p
te re s t of h is n a tion S e v era l p a rts of th e l a n d of
.
fou n d in o ne p l a ce in a n oth e r fi ve h u n d re d ; a n d
,
th e sa me n u mb e r res id ed a t Al e xa n d ria a n d b ut ,
a fe w D a mie tta xl
at
l ea rn e d me n a mon g th e m wh o w e re w el l v erse d in ,
t orf
g
G er izzim * .
me a n figure in th e me trop ol is T h ey w e re n ot n u .
fi ve h un d re d a nd fi fty th re e J ew s a n d Sa m ,
a r ita ns .
a n d fou n d tw o h u n d re d J e w s w h o res id e d in a nd
,
a bou t M ou n t P a rn as s us a n d ob ta in ed a s ubs is te n ce
,
W
d red of th is na tion a t C orin th a n d tw o tho usa n d a t ,
T h e bes w h o w e re e ith er d y e rs or s il k w ea v e rs
Th ere w e re a s m
, , .
al l n u mbe r a t Le a n to P a tras
p , ,
s ub urb ca l le d G al a ta or P e ra
, wh er e th ey ha d ,
t rhid .
2 04 H I STO RY or r u n JE W S.
ra te d by a wa ll from th e J e w s in orde r to
oth e r ,
p re ve nt a l l in tercourse be twee n th e m T h e re m .
of th e c itie s ; a nd w e re h a te d a nd in s ul te d b oth by
T urk s a nd G reek s .
ale
W
b etwee n th e in h a b ita n ts of G e n oa P isa a n d oth e r , ,
h u n d re d a t S al e rn o T h e re w e re oth e rs s e ttl e d a t
.
of J e w s ; a rtic ul a rl th e former w h e re h e d is
p y ,
h u n d re d a t Pa l e rmo s l ‘
Ba snage , p . 1 '
M od ern Uni H i t l xiii p 2 74
v e r. s . vo . . . .
4‘
B j
e n a min w rote a n a cco un t of h is tra v l b t 117 0 i ev ty
e s a ou ; ns en
th e
cities
. ba nk s of
th e Eup h ra te s ; a n d in th e et
to h e
TH E J a ws
l m
.
d
W v
W
a
a moun ted to ni ne h und red th ous a n d .
W
,
a n d ma d e us e of h is i nfl ue n ce ov e r p o e I n n ocen t
p
the S e cond to in q fl re h im w ith the s a me s e n timen ts
,
r oll
, or vol um e of th e ir l a w U p on rece iv in g it .
re n ce the la w g iv en b G od to M os es b u t con de n m
y ,
M es sia h w h om th e ca th ol ic ch u rch b el ie v es to be
,
th e H ol y G hos t H is s ucce ss or Al e xa n de r I I I
”
. .
,
W
fe s tiv a l s or a ny othe r occas ion U n d er s uch p ow e r
, .
- 1
I ta ly . l
A D I OJ T h e J ew s w e re n o l ess p ow erful
lI in S a in d urin g a rt of th e twel fth ce ntur O ne
. .
p p y .
of th e m na me d J os e p h w a s p ri me min is ter to A l
'
, ,
h ous o V II I a n d h a d a c oa c h of s ta te a nd gua rd s
p .
,
'
t
’
Ba sna ge , p 6 3 4 . .
a
n rsr on v on TH E JE S W . 2 07
e sca
p e th e p u e n t
U n d e r p rete n ce
ru in .
u on Al h on so to g ra n t h im e igh t of th e rinc i a l
p
p p p
J e w s T hese h e ca use d to be p ut to d ea th a n d
.
,
s ums in to th e trea s ur
l
y G on z a l es w as soon a fter
.
to w h om b e s a crifi ce d h is h on ou r a n d interes t H er .
coun try me n s e iz in g th e a dv a n ta ge
, g rew e xtremely ,
n u me rou s a n d a f fl ue nt Ra bb i E l ia k im w h o w a s
.
,
\ al l th e ce re mon ies u s e d in e v e r
y y s n a gog ue com ,
'
moul y sty l ed T h e R itua l of th e U n iv e rse
, h as ,
”
B g p 6 35 ul un e , . .
2 08 msr onv o r TH E JE S W
.
co mp uted '
th a t th e re w ere tw e lv e th ou sa n d J e ws in
th e c it
y of T ol ed o . T h ey w e re fl
a so l
ou ris h in g
in a
s ta te a t A n d a l us ia w h e re g rea t n u mbers a pp l ie d to
,
th e s tudy of th e ol ogy a n d th e sc ie n ce s At l e ng th .
,
a n a ccou n t . T h is d iv is ion w a s re ga rd e d by h im a s
on e of th e fa ta l con se q ue n ces of th e a b ol ition of t h e
S a nh ed rin * .
Basnage , p 6 3 5
. .
2 10 msr onv or TH E J a w s .
h
p y s icia n, as tron o me r ma th e ma tic ia n g ra mma ria n
, , ,
a nd p oe t ; a n d, ll ve rs e d in
tha t h e w as so we
H e b re w C ha ld a ic A ra b ic a n d oth er l a n g ua g e s
, , , ,
y .
&
my s tic in te rp re ta tion s h e g e n e ra ll y a d h e re d to th e
,
is ,
“
oth e r J e w is h ex os itors
C mm o
p H is mos t cel eb ra te d work
e n ta ries on
.
th e O l d He
.
h is a ge xl '
,
.
th e y e a r l l 3 l H e b oa ste d of b e in g d esce n d e d :
.
from th e h ouse of Da v id a s d id m
‘
an of th e
y ,
h im th e
i
‘
ea gl e of d octors ; a n d a s s e rte d t iq .
l a wg iv e r a s M os es th e son of Ma imon A t l e ng th .
,
h ow e v e r th e s up e riority of h is ge n ius a n d th e v a s t
, ,
th e e n vy a n d j e a l ousy of th e J e ws Pe rh a p s a l so .
p h il oso h e r
p w h o w a s one
, o f h is
p re ce p tO rs m ig h t ,
no t y et e ed it d .
l Ba snage, p 6 2 6 . .
ms ronr
'
or ru n J E W S . 2 11
op pon e n ts T h e d e s ig n of th is w ork wa s to e xp la in
.
as e m a ra bl es a ll e gorie s & i
‘
h r e ta p h ors p c n
p s , , , , .
s id e Ma imonides a rgued th a t th e
,
d isp e nsa
,
rea s on s of each
p a rtic ul a r b ra n ch of it
)
e xh ib ite d l e ss res e ct for th e d e cis ion s of th e T a l mud
B ut b e
p ,
ch ie f of th e s n a g og ues a t M on t el ie r e rs ua d e d
y p p ,
th e d octors w h o s tu d ie d u n d e r h im to e n ga ge in .
op os e d th e d octrin e of M a imon id e s b ut e n d e a
p ,
K imch i a t th e ir h ea d e xe rted a ll th e ir e l oq u e n ce in
,
Ba snage , p 62 7
. . B i g phi al Di tio a y
o ra c c n r .
1 Basnage ,
’
p 62 7
. . M od U iv s l Hi t l xiii p 2 87
ern n er a s . vo . . . .
9 2
2 V
2 a ns w e r or r un JE S W.
. .
Ma imon id es d
, fi n d ing h 1s
in S p a in trou re s i e n ce
p p . y .
, ,
h is d ea th took p l a ce in P al estin e 12 05
T h is l earn ed J e w wa s n ot onl y ma ste r of ma n y
'
ce l e b ra e d for h is k n ow l e dge of th e ar ts a n d s c ie n ce s
t ,
B P: 3 0 7 i En fi ql
‘
d Psh i l o o h
p y sv ol i i p 2 05
asn g ,
p
a ° ,
. . . .
i He w as t h e a u t h or of tw enty fi ted w o k
ve no b es ide some
r s, s
p 2 11
. .
‘
1 b V
2 14 ms roa v '
or TH E JE S W .
ma tica l .
k n ow l edge l w as the a uth or of a
. He a so
O ld T es ta me nt Pa rt of th is w ork h a s b ee n
.
‘
l ib ra ry fi “
ma n uscrip t of w h ich w a s p res erv ed in th e V a tica n .
T h re e l b ra te d ra bb ies n a med L e v i or H al ev i
ce e , , ,
H a l e v i w a s a l ea rn e d ca bb a l istica l J e w w h o ha v ing , ,
s e rv ice s a n d w h o re w a rd e d h im by comm
,
a n d in g h is
op p on e n ts to b e s il en tx l
‘
J u da L e v i w a s th e a u th or of th e C os ri, a p ole
tion of J er usa l e m i
An oth er l ea rn e d ra bb i n a me d J ud as H a l e v i w as , ,
S t A ug ustine §
. .
t T
h is e e y h as lg b
ee n tra ns a te by Mr in , l d . B g a nd inse rte d in a note
of G re o g
ire
’
s w or on th e Rkefo rma tion of th e J e ws , p 2 80
. .
S Basna ge , p 6 30 . .
'
ms ronv
'
on TH E JE S W .
'
2 15
da ugh ter of th e
‘
M d, th a t th e p rin ce of th e
w el l verse d in th e l a w Ta l mud
’
wa s so a nd
,
in d
or er to b e
'
ra is e d h im in l l QO; to th e d ig n ity of fi el d ma s te r
’ -
,
com ma n d of th e w h ol e a rmy T h e e n vy a n d j ea .
.
n ou n ce d th e ir rel ig ion
‘
For i n sta n ce S a muel Ben .
,
w } a 4
'
i
2 16 '
n Is r onv or THE JE SW .
a n d w a s a p oin te d p sicia n to Al p h on so V II k i g
p
of Ca s til e a n d L eo11
h y
H e d ied in th e y e a r .
n .
ce d in g or s ub s e q ue n t ce n tur In 11 3 7 , a fa l se
y .
g ,
a n d a l a r e n um b f h i f ll ow s w ere a p re
g er o s o er p
h e n d ed a n d p ut to d ea th }:
Th e foll ow in g y ea r th e P ersia ns w ere d isturbe d
b y a J e w w h o ca ll e d h imsel f th e M es s iah ; a nd
, .
ca use d th e im os tor to b e b e h ea d e d §
p .
ra bb ies in th a t city w h o h ad , te n a
t J o rtin s Rema r s,
’
k v ol . ii p 3 04
. . . 1 s Basnage , p 6 3 2 . .
2 18 msronv '
on TH E W
JE S .
w a s ra is ed a ga in s t th e m O ne of th e ir w riters .
n a tion .
‘
“
,
A J ew , na me d D a v id Al muss er, a
pp ea re d in
M ora v ia in th e y ea r
, 96 wh o s e t u p for the ,
of h is o ul a rit
p p y th e k ing
p ro m
,
ise d h im h i s
H e wa s p ut to d ea th , a n d a h ea vy fi ne i mp os ed up on
'
l us n a tion .
or
'
o
,
im
,
o ul a ce b
p p y h is
p re te n d e d m ira cl e s h e p re v a il e d ,
u on th e m to a rm th e mse lv e s in h is ca us e T h e
p .
ob e e d th e s um
y m on s a n d assu re d th e k in g th a t h e
,
u n a bl e to fi n d a n d a h n d h im But a t l e ng th
pp re e .
,
u p on a
p ro m i s e of re ce iv in g te n th ousa n d crow n s ,
we re cruelly sl a ugh te re d 1 .
‘
B J o ti Remark ol
’
6 32
asna g p e, . .
p 3 04
r n s s, v . 11. . .
t Ba snage , p 6 3 3 . .
220 ms ronr
'
or r u n JE S W .
a nd
y e t s h o uld foll ow e v er
y i m p os tor w h b p reten d e d
to th e m th e ir c ou n try a n d th ei r l os t l iberties ”
, .
p
. 3 19 .
222 ms ronv '
or ru n J aw s :
W
.
\
.
e rmitte d b ut e n coura g e d th e m to e n te r in to s ol e m
p , n
W
e n l ig h te n e d to e n ga g e w ith th e rie s th ood S
p .
oun g J e w s w e re e v e n s o i m ru d e n t a s to v a l ue
y p
th e ms el ve s u p on th e ir in fi d e l ity It h a s b e en a sserte d . ,
-
H m Hi to y f E gl d 1 i p 189 M l loy D Ju
u e s
’
s r o n an , 170 . . . . o e re
Ma ritime , p . 400 .
H I STO RY O F
A D . H enry II I h a s b e e n h igh l y ce n
.
s ure d b
y m on k is h w riters for tol era tin
g a nd
‘
p ro ?
'
s ig n e d th e m on th e outs id e of e v e r cit w h re th e
y y e
y
W
d wel t I n th is re ig n on e J osh ua a J ew furn is h e d
.
,
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m
.
t ~
.
ty .
W
fi rst res ide nce in E ngl a n d , w e re l wa y s con s id e re d
a .
a s v a ssa l s to th e cro wn ,
who mig h t b e p illa ge d .
W
v
re ig n + .
A D
. . R icha rd I a sce n d e d th e
.
h en .
De crees e nacte d l
by th e co unc i of C a re n on , w h ich enry l d H II .
v d in d to ch ec k
th e us u rp a tions of th e o e an d c e r l g
“M
con e ne or e r
p p y .
1 l
1'
Mo nth l y M gaz i a ne a nd B ritish g
Re iste r, 17 96 . Molloy de J ure
M ariti mo . v
.
’
an it
W
W
224 msr onv on TH E JE 81
ale
,
is su ed to p re v en t th e ir p re se n ce a t th e corona tion .
g rea te r tha n th e ir
p ru d e n c e fa n c ie d th e
y m ig h t ,
Th os e w h o re ma in ed at
W
ha n d s of th e p op ul ace
. . n
.
h ome wa re ex p os e d to eq ua l da nger th e p e op l e
'
t
‘
'
to e xe rc 1se t ir p il l a ge
h e ‘
a n d fv iol e n ce . T he u s ua l l
v
,
oth er cities of E n gl a n d
'
h ea rin g of the sl a ught e r of ,
th is u n h a p py p e op le in th e metmp ol is imita te d th e
. . t
,
it i i d th t th J w w e m t f t he m conj u rors
A
1
t o u
su pe rs s ea a e e s re o s o
wa s p re a l ent d u rin th e d a rk a es
v — g
Ba sn agc, p 6 3 8 l 1
g . .
t ofl trm e
’ '
s Hi st or y ( If E n gl w d ‘
Sm o ll b tfis ist o ry o f En la nd . H g .
: H ume s
1 H i to y of gl d
En
’
s r an .
226 H I ST O R Y or w e JE SW .
a nd a pp l y th e ir weal th to th is h ol t iz
'
y e n e r
pr e .
T h e y d es troy e d ma ny of th es e w re tc h e d p e op l e at
N or wich S ta mford a nd oth er p l aces a nd sei ze d
, ,
a.
w h ic h th e p rincip a l p e rs on s a mon g th is p e op l e
,
a p p l ie d to th e g ov e rn or of Y ork Ca s tl e an d
p ne ,
u
v a ile d u p on h im to g ra n t th e m a n a sy l u m T he .
p l a ce wa s s uf fi cie n tl
y s tron g for th e ir d e fe n ce B u t .
M o th l y M g zi nd B iti h R gi te I796
n a a ne a r s e s r, .
msr onv be TH E JE S W .
W
, , ,
a p eas ed
p nl
o y b y m u rd e r a n d r
ohh e r
y a n a tt a c k ,
w a s ma d e h en th e J e ws found th a t th ey coul d
.
for th e l a w th an to fa l l in to th e ha n ds of th e C h ris
,
th ey p ut per
a iod to th e r ow n l iv es
i F i v e h und red .
hop es of m q y
rc w e re m u r d e “y
re
, d b t h e o
p p u l ace f
Im m e d iate l y a f te r thi s d rea d ful ca ta s tr o p h e t h o se ,
ca th e dr l
a wh e re th e b o n d s w ere d e p o s it e d co m ,
p o ll e d th e o f fi c e r t o .
d e l iv e r th e o bl
‘
i g a t io n s a n d ,
th e cas tl w e
n as
g l a w
a ca
h ze l w
on re u f v t thr, t h ose a as so e r en , a e
W
. e a a s r s, a a e n ra
ra bb i wh o w
, h igh l y este emed among h i b r th e
as fi t p oposed s e r n, rs r
to th em to pe i h by u ici d e i orde r to l d th to t
r s s w hich , n e u e e r u res
t De sh a go ,
‘
p 6 88.
. Ad
n erson, vol . i p 224
. . . M acph erson, v ol . i .
228
c h u rch ,
ms ronr
T h ey a l so e n tere d
TH E
.
JE W S .
a nd
p l un d e re d th e d es ol a te h ous e s w h ich b e l on g e d
”
to th e J e w s T h e k in g in cen se d a t this in s ul t to
.
,
'
s h ire , ,
n e d to th e u n g ov e rn e d fur ul titud e t h
p e y e ,
u on th e mos t O ul e nt of th e in h a b ita n ts )
p p
fi ce s a n d l e vy in g fi nes ,
“
A D . . Th e c rue l p ers ec ution s wh ich th e
J e w s s uffe re d d uring th e re ig n of Rich a rd h ad in ,
re v e n ue w a s so se n s ibl l a t J oh n u o n h is
"
f t th
'
y e p , ,
a l l th e ir a n c ie n t riv il e g e s ; a n d a ll ow e d th e m to h old
p
l a n d to b uild sy na gog ue s a nd n ame a h ig h p ries t
, ,
ore c rue ll
y p l un d e re d th a n e v e r T h e ir e xorb ita nt .
B a sna g p 6
e, 8 8 S m.l l t H
. t y of E
o e g l d v ’
l
s p 227i s or n an , o . u. . .
h en th e k i g mpl y d G v ill th j ti i y t i q i i t
n e o e ra n e e us c ar o n u re n o
th e au th ors o f th im th g il t w
ese cr f
e s, d t i v lv e m y
u as ou n o n o e so an
o f th m t
e os id
c o ns b l i tiz th t it w d m d me e p d t
e ra e c e ns , a as ee e r ru en
t d
o rop t h pe ti
rose cu d v y f w
o n, a n ff d t h p i
erh m t d n
e t su e re e un s en e o
th is e n o rmity .
—
H u me s ’
His tory f
o E ngl a n d , v ol . i i p 35 1
. . .
By th e ca n o n l a w n o J ews co u ld e rect a s y na o gg ;f ue or if th ey
a tte mp ted b ild th
to u e se
p l aces of w orship th ey migh t b e sei e z d by
th e c ro wn . —M m m a v Pa ris
’
s H is tory qf E ngl a nd . M a cp hcr s on on
Comme r ce .
2 30 ni sronr '
or TH E J aws .
bm
su itted sev e n d a y s a nd oil th e eighth a grees
,
W
to s a tisf th e k in g s ra p a c ity I sa ac a J ew of N tih
’
y .
A
,
sa tis fi ed
e th e m from th e k in gd om It a p p ea rs h ow .
,
e v er ,
th a t th ey s oon re turne d .
v . . . .
th e Cru sa ders, tha t th ey p u rch ase a n e ict from the k ing to prese rve
d d
th em from simila r ou trages . Ba snage, p 6 78
mg
. .
'
2 Da a e, p 67 9
. .
H I ST O RY or TH E JE S W . 2 31
in con sideration of th e a n n ua l a
p y men t of two silv e r
'
A D. .
N orw ich we re a c
T h e Je ws of
h im a y ea r
‘
t h a t th e
y m,
ig h t c i rc u m c is e a n d c r uc ify
h im a t the e n s u i n g p a s s o v e r ; b u t b e in g d e te ct e d
re v io usl y to th a t pe riod th ey s uffe re d a se v e re p u
p ,
“ f
n i s h m en t I n L o n d o.
n th e y w e re a l so a cc u s e d o
‘ Th is h ow e v er d id n ot sa tisfy th e insa
e s ta tes . , ,
t a xes I n 124 1
. ma rks w e re e xa cte d from
,
th e m T w o y e a rs a fter a J e w n a me d Aa ron of
.
, , ,
‘
ma n w a s a ccuse d of *
'
of s ilve r T h e h igh p en a l ty i mp os ed u p on h im
.
,
Month ly M g zine a a , 17 9 6 .
b
t It a ppea rs p ro ab l e , th at most, if not al l th e accu sa tions of th is
‘
k d
in we re ma e a gai nst th e J ews , to i e a etter p re te nce fo r e x
d gv b
to rting th eir money for, a c cor d i g ton
232 H I STO RY o r TH E JE S W .
from th e J e ws for y i g
ca rr
n on th e S a n is h w ar
p .
I rrita te d to th e h ig h e s t d e g re e b y th is O p p re ss ion ,
th e y m
q ue s te d
i i d f m E l a nd
*
re
p ss on to e p a rterro ng
for s o me mor e p rop itio us a n d frie n dl coun tr
y
.
y .
k in g re n e w e d th es e e xtortion s H e re p rese n te d , .
q ua rte r or b y a ny mea n s
, H e th e n d e ma n d ed .
e ig h t th ousa n d ma rk s of th e J ew s a nd u pon , , ,
d e ma n d a rigorous p a y me n t of th e d eb t ; b ut h e
com a ss ion a te d th e ir s itua tion d w on v ince d
p a n a s c ,
of th e ir p ov e rty a nd in a bil it
y .
A D . . T h e h a tre d of th e p e op l e a ga ins t
th e H e b re w n a tion h a d d urin g th e rei g n of H e n ry , ,
a p ea red l n a rm s a ga in s t th e k in g th e e n d ea v oured
p y ,
a l oa n of mon e is sa id to h a v e a f ford e d a
p re ten ce
y ,
th e counc i ; l an d ma d e a p a th e tic s ee ch ,
p re
p rese n tin g the i mp os
sibil ity o f the ir p a y in g th e su m d ema nd ed . v liSe e ra n s ta nces a re re
A D. . K in g E d wa rd , h owe ver, w hh se
p rej ud ices a ga inst th is un h a
p py p p
eo l e w e ee in
c reas e d by h is ex e
p di tion i n to th e h ol y l a n d , trea ted
the m w ith g rea t r igou r H e fo rbade th e ir se ll in g or.
, y ,
p re v a l e n t w ith th e m th a n a n
y te m p ta t io n f ro m t h ei r '
It w mp t d th t th J w p id th
as co u e , w i th p
a e e sf a e ,
c ro n n e s a ce o
e y
sev n wa f m th fi fti th y
ea rs , s. ro f H y u
e 1 t the d ear o
.
e nr . o e secon
y ear of E d w d I l arth f . h no d ed d
es s twe ty t
an h a d
our un r ,
an n ous n
d
Poun s , or two h un dred a nd s ixty th ous a n d pou n s of 0 01 d '
modem
money — A nder s on on Comme r ce, v ol . i p 32 2
. . .
ms r oa r or wa s JE S W . 2 35
o v
e r ty ; a n d v ery fe w cou ld b e in d uce d by in te
p
res t to e mb ra ce th e rel ig ion of th e ir p e rs ecu tors
ale
.
A D . Ab ou t th is time k in g E d w a rd
. ,
b y h is z ea l a n d ra p a city orde re d th e Je ws ,
b a n ish e d from th e k in gd om a n d n e v e r to ,
return up on p a m of d ea th
,
He s e iz e d a t onc e .
sea
h is territorie s in
Fra nce A fter th is exp ul s ion th e J e w s n e v er a p
.
,
h un d re d a n d fi fty y ea rs I .
Bas na ge , p . 6 80 . M ac
p h erson , v ol . i .
p 432
. . H ume, v ol . 11.
p 4 .
p 401
4
. .
45 0 Henr .
n, . . .
2 36 ,
'
n i s ro nr »
or TH E J aw s .
C H A P T ER X V I I .
f th J w i F r u —T h y r gx p l l d th k i gd m by
‘ ’
St t a e o e e s n a en e a e e e e n o
P h il ip A g t — T h y v l y p p ut d d th ig f
'
u u s us e a re se e re e rs c o un er e re n o
fi
L w i IX w h
e st l gth b i h th mf m h i d mi i —S v
. o a en an s es e ro s o n on s . e e re
l w a st d g i t th m by th d k f B itt y
e na c e a a ns d th e e u e o r an , an e
il
co u n c f Ly d Vi
s o — Th J w ll d by Philip
ons a n e nne e e s a re re ca e
th B ld T h y
e o b i h d by P h il ip th F i
.
‘
-
e d
a re ll d an s e e a r, an reca e
by L w i X I —I e ptis f th h p h d . d t h irru l ty
— Th e
on o e s e er s , a n e r c rue
Jw d f
s a re a ccuse i g th iv w ll & t b p oi nd so e
i h m t th y
e o ca u s n e r e rs , e s, c . o e .
ib l p d f th i pp d im ’
Th t ff
W
e err e un s en e su ere or s su ose cr e.
Th y e b i h d by P h il ip th T l k— T h y i v t b ill f x:
a re an s e e a e n en s o e
h g — Th y
c an e ll d by J h 11 — T h y
e a re d f
re ca e o n . e a re a cc u se o
i im
v a r ou s cr d ll y t t d d i g th eig f Ch l TI
es, a n crue rea e ur n e r n o a r es .
— Th y fi l l y xp ll d th F
e a re h d mi i p a e e e e renc o n ons . 1
HI L E th e
g
k in d s“of O p p ress ion a n d misery th e ir breth re n in '
,
Ab out th e y e a r 1182 K in g P h il ip s u
' '
tion .
r , , [
n a me d th e Ail ii s t, u nd e r
'
re ten ce of a nd z e al
g p p
“
'
of h is do
'
ur
ermitte d to r i l h l d b ll e d from
'
p e ta n on
y w a t c ou e co e ct
th e l sa e of th e ir furn iture ; for wh ic h th ey foun d it
d iffi c ul t to o ta in p u rch a se rs b . It is eve n s a id , th a t
th e y w e re ro e of th e s m a bb d ll su ms th e y w e re e na
bl e d to hra l s e ,
I
a nd re d uce d to th e ,
th e m to be reca ll e d ; a n d u pon fi n d in g th a t th is
mea s ure e x cite d th e re se n tmen t of th e Zeal ots h e ,
Th e mu rder of a y ou th na me d R ich a r d , wa s l id to th
a e ir ch a r e, g
a nd se r e vd as a p re tence for e xp e ll i g
n th em from F rance —Pica rt ,
p 17 3
. .
2 38 H I STO RY or ra n
be ca me
JE S W . .
e x torting
w eal th from th i s mi se ra bl e v eh emen t
“h t a t a con e rs ion v w as consi ered
race
d
wa s
as a
so
Sa in t Le w is d a n d confi rmed
n ot onl y sa n ctione
,
re ign w h e n a J e w a p p ea re d in e v id e n ce a ga in s t a
,
Lord G od s en d y ou a contin ua l fe v e r or a g ue if ,
y o u a re g uil t
y o f p j
er ur
y ; m a
y h e d es tro
y y ou
Th i g l
s s in u a r c us to m of confi sca tin
g a l l th e goo d s of th e J wse
wh o mb
e ra ce d Ch ris tia ni ty , w as fi rst in tro d u ce d
into F ra nce ; and is
kno w n on ly by th e la w w h ich su
pp resse d
it, given a t asv il e , 1392 B l .
W
Ch ristia nity , we re or ere to be u rnt d d
Th e p rac ti ce p f s o e» ; b . m
the p roperty of th ose ews wh o p rofesse J d Chri tian ity beg n under
s a
E n cy cl op e dia .
t Essa on Pu l ic Ha
y pp i ness , b vol . i i . p 42 7
. .
'
n i s ronr O F {ra n
ma il d
s i es
JE S W .
ma y th e
239
ea rth
etudei t
i p i i rs ne y ou e ;
s w all ow y ou p u
-
. lik e Da th a n a nd Ab ira m ma y
al l th e s in s of ou r p a ren ts , a nd a ll th e ma l e
y .
M on s co nta in e d in th e l a w of M os es fal l on
y our
h ea d .
”
T o th is d rea d ful imp reca tion th e J ew s w ere
to a n s w er th ree time s, S o be
A D
. . T he most s ig na l cal a mity w h ich
th e J ew s d d uring the reign of S t L e wis was
su ffere .
u s ing th e ir bl ood a t th e s ol e mn it of th e as so v e r
y p .
ti w l xt d d t B r ie T i
’
p er se c u o n a s a s o e en e o o u r a ne , ,
wa rds of tw o th ousa n d fi ve h un d re d J e ws wh o ,
roba bl h v b l g d h d n ot G
p y a e e e n p ro on e a o
p p e re ,
G ifi ord
‘
’
s Hi t s ory of F ra nce , v ol . i p 4 36 , 437— 45 0
. .
t S t Lewis wa s
. at th e h ea d of th e sixth and se enth c rusa es v d in
12 48 a nd 12 7 0 .
W
W
2 40 '
u ts ronv or ru n JE S .
th e m to th e fl a mes At l e n g th h owe v e r th ey e re
.
, ,
s u bd ue d a n d ma n of th e m ut to d ea th ‘
y , p .
W
S t Lew is s a b s e n ce b e tw e e n ra bb i J e ch ie l a l ea rn e d
’
.
, ,
se n t a n e d ict to F ra n ce to e x e l th e J e w s fro m h is
p
d omin ion s wh ich w a s p u nctual l y e xecute d by th e
,
q uee n rege n t .
a t th e re q ue s t of th e b is h o s a bbots b a ro n s a nd
p , , ,
ba n is h e d from th a t p rov in ce By th is la w a l l th e ir .
of F ra n ce w a s to b e re q u e s te d to e xp e l th is h a te d
re ga rd to a n i v il g s l
-
r e e
y p
1 Bas ‘'e
g p 6 7 2
na ,1 I b id p
. 6 1.1 En g l ; P
‘
343 . . . e se
-
.
2 42 H I STO RY or TH E J E S W .
unha l ifi d h k i g s extre m
’
pp y p p e w e reeo
s a cr c e to t e n e
a varice "
for h e s e iz e d up on a l l the ir w ea l th a n d
,
E
. ,
su
pp os e d th e m s e lv es o f F re n c h e x tra ction Am ong .
l b ra ted N icol a s de Ly ra
of th e ce e ,
h ow e v e r a p p ea rs to h a v e b ee n s ince re
, H e w rote .
re ma in d e r of h is l ife in th e e x l a na tio n of th e sc ri
p p
ture s . M ost of th e p rosel y te s th ink th e ms e lves
obl ige d to g iv e a tes timon of th e ir fa ith b w iti g
y y r n
a ga ins t th e ir d es erte d br e th re n ; b ut h e is s a id to . .
A D. . T h e s a me a v ar ice w h ich ca us ed
P h il ip to e x p el th e J e w s fromF ra nce ind uce d Le w is ,
a n d th us b e e na bl e d to re d uce th e F l e min gs to s u b :
a ve r h ea v ta x a n d th e tim of
y y ; e
*B a sna
ge , p 6 7 4
. .
1
‘'
M od ern Uni e rsa v l H istory , v ol . xiii p. .
H I STO RY or TH E JE S W . 2 43
to l
co l ect d eb ts two th ird s of w h ich th e
th e ir ol d ,
to p urch a se s y na g ogu es b u ry in g p l a ce s a n d th e ir ,
~
.
,
I n th e re ig n of P h il ip V s urna me d
W
A D
. . . .
th e T a ll th e sh ep h e rd s a n d oth e r in h a b ita n ts of th e
'
y , ,
s ta ff th e
y m a rch e d in g rea t b od ies w h ic h w er e ih ,
cre a s e d b th e j un c tion of th e l w h i h th
y p o pu a ce c e
y ,
p rie s ts w, h o
p re te nd e d to w o r k m i r a cl e s a n d th us ,
i mp os e d u p on th e cre d ul ity of th e p e op l e T h ey .
ra v a g e d s e v era l of th e s outh e rn
p ro v in c es br ok e ,
4
th ey foun d into th e ir
'
y m ea n s th es oc ie t
y . By th es e
ma de th e msel ve s ma ste rs of s e v era l cities a n d com ,
'
‘ ,
.
,
sh e
p h erd s . T h ey d efen de d th emselves w ith v igour
*
5 Bas na e
g r p 6 7 4. .
R 2
24 4 H I STO RY or TH E W
JE S .
a nd d es p e ra tion an d, fi n d ing th e ir ar ms fa il ,
began
t
to th ro w th e ir ch i ld re n o ver th e w a ll s in h op es {o
mp a ss ion mies
‘
e xc ite th e of th e ir b ut in
*
co en e ;
va in .
T h e s h ep h e rd s s et fi re to th e fo rtre ss , and
f to sa tia te l gh te r o
th e ir ra e w ith g th e s au
th e e ne my re q ueste d on e of th e ir b re th re n a y ou ng
, ,
ma n of grea t s tre ng th to p u t th e m al l to d ea th , .
h a d sp a re d a nd d e ma n d ed ba p tis m H is re quest
, .
,
n umb e r of th e sh e h e rd s w e re a p re h e n d e d a n d
p p
e x ec uted a t d itfere n t p l a ces a rticul a rl a t T ou
p y ,
cit x l
'
y
A . D . T h is misera bl e p eo
p l e w e re ten
yea rs a fte r m
in v ol ve d in
l ity p re tend e d
a n oth e r ca a ,
W
L
.
.
,
“
l ish e d a d ecla ra tion b y w h ich b e p e rmitte d th e m to ,
re turn a n d re ma in in th e k in gd om twen t ea rs
y y
a
.
, l
. .
ta x w a s a l s o l e v ie d u p on th e m of on e fl orin p er
T h e kin g s trictl y p roh ib ite d th e ir e xorb im
‘
h ea d . nt
th e th e w e re
mrd
.
ml
;
cri es ,
~
for w h ich so me w e re e xe c ute d , oth ers
i nsis te d u p on th e ir l
e x u s ion , a nd a s s e
p mbl e d a s it is
sa i d at th e in s ti ga tion of certa in n obl e me n w h o h ad ,
a cq u is ition of w ea l th
"
T h e h ou se s of th e p ubl ic
‘
G iffor d , v ol . 11 .
p . 2 69 . Bas nage , p 6 76 . .
'
l es VI d ur i g
1 Ch a r g b g d ged in h i
. n h is re i n , ecomin e ra n s
Rainege ,p .
H I ST O RY or THE JE S W . 24 7
tie d in to th e s tree ts w h il e
bonds a n d th e re is te rs , g ,
th e m to b e ba p tiz e d !
, ,
'
d ea th w h a te ve r h e h a d ta k e n from th e m ; but th e
,
p .
w h o h a d l e ft p l e dge s in th e ir h a n d s ; b u t a n ord i r
n a n ce wa s a s s e d to e xe mp t th e m from th e c ons e
p
ue n ce s on ta k in g a n oa th th a t th e ro ert w h ich
q , p p y ,
G iffo d l rp 2
,
69vo . 11. . t I b id
. .
2 48 msron r or TH E JE S W .
y ea rs T h e grea te r
.
p a rt of th is p e rse cuted p eo l e
p
retire d in to G er m an I th e cit of M e tz i n Lor
y n y .
c it
y b e:i p
in the imp eria l te rritories A fte r it w as a n ne xe d to .
Re s p ecti ng the re
p ea te d a ccusa t o ns i b ml g ht
a ga in st th e J e ws C h ris tia n child re n
, of cruc if
y ing ,
th e da rk p e riods of th e midd l e a g es h e J ew s
: t ,
u n is h e d bu t i n th e m t d d f l m fo l
p o s rea u a n n e r r se a .
ing th a t ra g e ma dne ss or a de si re of re v e n g e ma y
, , , ,
Th J w w e t bl i h d
e s t M tzere lyes a th y 888
s e a e as ea r as e ea r ,
sin ce t th t p
a h G mb t th
a e oc d b gh t m mp lai t
o er e e an r ou so e co n s
ag i t th m S ig b t d G mh l
a ns e . t gh t i th i ity i th
e er e e ou rs au .
n s c n e
tw l fth
e t y w ith
cen u rh u th t th y g ly e t d t h
su c s c ces s , a e ea er r so r e o ea r
t B g
a sa n a ,
p .
6 76 . G ifi ord ,
'
v ol . ii .
p 344 . .
3: The middle a
ge , as it is ca ll d
e , is cons i dered as te rmina tiag a t
th e ta in k g of Co ns ta ntino p y l e in th e fift ee n th cen tu r . .
I ts commen ce
ll fi d
me n t is not s o w e xe by h istoria ns , s ome ca rry irig it a c ev e n to b k
th e re i n o f Co ns ta n tine , and some o n y to th e iv ision of th e e mp ire
g l d
un erd T h eo osius Th e mi
d ddl
e age con ta ins a pe riod of a o ut one
. b .
conv e rt th em — T
h ey a re fa v ou red by A ph onso X a nd a mes 1 l . J .
es ti ence sp re a ds from th e ir a rm
l y
— Th e e ws a re a cc used of oi J
p p .
s onin g
th e r ive rs h ey a re fa v oured by A phonso X I — h e ir
.
-
T l . T
ene mies consp i re to d es troy th em .
—Fresh ins u rrections at Tol ed o .
— T hey a re ba nis h ed f om S p in — T
r ibl
a . e rr e d is tres s g of th e re fu e es .
A D . TH E s ufferi n gs of th e J e ws in
.
er ce iv in g th e m to increa se in n u mb e r a n d w eal th
p
e x cite d th e p op u l a ce a ga in s t th e m a nd p ut tin g , ,
h imself a t th e ir h ea d e n te re d a nd p l un d e re d th eir
,
h ou se s a n d sy na g og ue s H e e n d ea v oure d to v in .
Basnage , p 6 5 9 . .
HISTO RY or THE JEWS . 2 51
ha v ock and ca rn a ge ‘
a mong th is mise ra bl e e o
p p ,e l
tha t Aba rba n el , l b ra te d J e w is h w rite r ca n
a ce e ,
’
o ss es se d th e s ov e re ign p ow er a n d w is h ed to in
p ,
p ro m o te d th e p e rse c u t io n
I
.
’E
p pu r ose H e h a d a l rea d
.
y b y h is re uta tion a n d
p ,
a dd re ss su re sse d th e viol e n ce of th e o u l a ce
,pp p p
a ga in s t th is u n h a p py e o le ; a nd ers ua d ed th e
p p p
k ing th a t mild n es s a n d in s truc tion w e re th e most
e fi ectua l mea n s to in d u ce th e m to e mb ra ce C h ris
‘
m
H eb re w a nd A ra bi c la n gua g es a n d d irec te d to a p p ly ,
th a t th e y migh t b e e na b l e d to d is p u te w ith th e J e w is h
ra b b ie in ord er to c on v in ce th e m of th e ir e rrors
s .
M p g m a de to c on ve rt th e J e w s w e re
—
. Q
h
“
ow
fl -I - u
, u .
e ve r in ge n e ra l g l f cc ful th ongh th ey h ig h l y
,
gi i fi i m w
,
Bas na ge , p 6 7 0 . .
1 R a y mond was ca no ni
'
zed by pa pe Cl
e ment VIII .
252 n rsr onv or T HE J E S W .
modera tion .
"E
w h ich b ea r th e na me of th e ki ng a nd do h onour to ,
h is me mory xf
Al p h ons o re wa rd e d th e m w i th roy a l mu n ifi ce nee ,
d ea d body of a ma n in to th e h ous e of a J e w a n d ,
.
.
se rtio n ga i n e d cre d it a n d a w a k e n e d th e p op u l a r ,
d es troy e d ma n y of th is u n ha p p y p e op l e U p on th is .
l igi
re on aga i ns t th e ar g ume nts of th e Jw
e s. Anoth er monk , na med
P l
au , of me o rder h el d a confe re nce in th e pa la ce of th e k in g
th e sa ,
na g og ues in S p a in H e re te n ded t h t b hi
s
y p a
.
y s ,
e op l e s ubd ue th e i r en e i a n d re l ace th e m in
p , es p ,
p h e c
y a n d e x e cta ti on of th e M e ss ia h
p t h e J ew s ,
re a re d th e ms e lv es for th e e v e n t b fa s tin g a nd
'
p p y
ra e r a n d a t th e ti me a p p oin te d re p a ire d to the
'
p y
- ~
y .
of th e i r ene mie s
9
.
. x
s word i n t o se v e ra l
p r o vi n c e s T h e J e w s in
p a rt i .
,
c ul a r w e re th e v ictim s of th e ir ra a c it a n d crue l t
, p y y .
'
1 I i
Ba snage , p 6 6 4 . . M odern l
Unive rsa History , v ol . xiii .
Bas nage, p 6 6 4 .
m m
o or r m: JE S W . 255
a
ga i
n st Ch ris tia ns T h ey w ere accuse d of
th e ,
th at p u rp os e
*
T h is a bs urd a ll ega tion ga in ed cre
.
h ei m
C‘
mbfl
s
di t, a n d ca u e d
s ““ grea t n u
—* . fi r
fi fl f1 63% t p ri
l on g con fi n e men t h ow
l
ES EEi a n d tr ie d
'
‘
.
x
Afte r a ,
th e ms e lv e s of the crime s la id to
th e ir cha rg e But th e k in g w ho w a s unw ill ing to
. ,
re te nd e d th a t b e d e ta in e d th em in p rison in order
p
‘
crue l d ea th
wa s th e fr i e n d a n d p rotector of th e J e w s b e in g ,
th e n a tion w h o m h e h a d a p p oin te d in te n da n t of h is
,
a ss d ecr ee a ga i n s t th e m on a ccou n t of a
p a
p re
.
w h e th e r th ey sh oul d be p ut to d ea th or ba n is h ed .
:
The in v entors of th is pal pa b l e ca u mny w e re th ose wh o owed
l
mone y to th e J
ews , a n d w h o wis h ed to be de i vered fro m the ir em l
ba rrass men t w ith o u t pa y in g it .
p 28
. .
256 HISTO RY on TH E JE W S .
i
n a t on w re p e u t to d e a th for
'
th e p r e te n d e d o ffen e c "
.
E
a ga in s t th e J e ws b rok e o ut in T ole d o a nd th e ir
te rror a n d d e sp e ra tion on th is occa s ion ba m
,
e s a ll
“
,
m
, ere ,
—
urdered fwh il e th e mos t artful
i
n
uc
i
p r o f e s
se d C h r is t ia nit
y i n o r de rt o es c a pm
e s h a c ts o f i
“
.
.
a ny ,
i h d b b i d iv d f t h s sa rie s of l ife
p e r s e
y e n g p e r e o e n e c e ,
a n d th os e w h o s u rviv ed w e re com e ll e d to w ea r a
p
d is g ra ceful ma rk of d is tinc tion i
Basnage , p 6 6 5 . . i M a nge , p
.
2 58 HISTO RY on TH E JEWS .
d f y d
e ra e th e ir e xp e n ce s fi "
But th ey trea te d J e rome
w i th g rea t a sp e rity th e i r min ds b e in g e x ceed in l y
_ , g
e mb itte re d a ga in s t h im b oth for d es e rtia th e s na
g y
»
th ey a p p re h e nd ed fa ta l cons eq ue n ce s ]
T h e te nour a n d res ul t of th is fa mous con feren ce
is v a ri ous ly re l a te d by C h ri s ti a n a n d J e w ish h is tO o
e xa s p e ra te th e i r e n e mi es a ga in s t th e m But the .
e p e in s is te d up on J e rome s p erformin g h is e n g
’
a ge
p
»
ce l eb rit of th is
y p e rform a n ce i n d uce d J ose p h Al ba :
a S pa n is h ra bb i to comp il e h is a rticl es of fa i th in
.
, ,
mercy , O Lord , a nd g ra nt us th y l
sa v a tion — Ba sn age
.
, p 6 80
. .
1 Basnage , p 6 80
'
. . M ode rn Un iv e r H is t . . v ol . xiii .
T
t h is ra bbi, nd in fi g th e ar u g ments wh ich we re a dd u ced
to p rove
m
,
.
“
E
the us u ry of th e J e w s But as h e w a s d ep os ed .
,
d oe s n ot a p p ea r th a t h is p la n s w e re foll ow ed by
Ma rtin of F lore n ce h is s ucces sor .
A D . . V in ce n t F errie r wh o h as bee n ,
th e J e w s a p p ea re d a t th is time
, T h e C h ris tia n s .
But w h a te v er was th e i r
H
e S ix t us IV w ith th e ir c on d u ct
'
O
p p E x a s p e ra ted
. .
Addis on s
’
P résent S ta te
~
of th e J
e ws , p 17. .
t E ss un ga , p 6 89
. . M ode rn Uni vers a l H is tory , v ol . xiii .
p 34 7 . .
8 2
2 60 HISTO RY or Th e J EWS .
th é
‘
at a il ron t of
fere d to th e C h ris tia n re l ig ion the
,
a n d s ub mitte d th e m s e lv es to w h a te v e r ce n s ure or
p e na n ce s h ou ld be i nfl ic ted T w o th ousa n d of th is .
tw o re d cross e s on th e ir u p p e r ga rme n ts in a c ,
ro e rt w a s con fi s ca te d a n d th e ir c h ild re n we re
p p y
.
es ta b li hm
s ent of t h is ba rba ro u s tribuna l . I ts j u risd ictio n e xte nded
'
ove r al l wh o in th e ir p ra ctice or o
p i n io ns d if
f e re d fro m th e es ta b li hs ed
p.134 , ms .
2 62 n i st onr '
or THE JEWS .
w as di sp l ea si ng to th e S p a n is h na ti on , th a t h e
so
“
emb ra ce C h ri s t ia n ity or q uit th e k in d om in four
g , .
the k m m
g r
« M W
fa mil ies w h ich reck on ing onl y fi ve to ea ch fa mily , ,
M a ria na s
’
History of S p a in Basna ge , p 6 9 1
. . . f I bid .
of h is s ucces sor w h o h a te d th e J e w s , h e fl ed to ,
d ina n d k in g of N a pl e s ; a n d both th a t s o v e re ig n
,
ea r of h is a e a n d wa s i n te rre d a t P a d ua S v l
y g , e e ra .
fun era l H e p bl he du
. is ma ny l e a rn e d w ork s p a r
t
,
a
ticul a rl y a comm e n ta r
y on E xod us D e u te ro n om
y , ,
Old T es ta ment }
th e mp l e of h is
e xa fa the r he ass u med th e tit l e of Don, th e us ua l
cu s to m a mong th e nob es l of S p a in — Bozs si D is s e rta tion s Critiq ues
‘
.
’ ‘
p ou r se rv ir a l hi s l oi r e de s J e ffs .
Ba sna ge .
p 6 92 . De Ro ss ie s eb rew
. io ra p h y ’
H B g .
1 He'
ap l ied h imse lf to stu dy w ith inde fa ti a b e a rd o u r,
p g l and was
l
he d in s u ch hi h g es ti ma tion a mong th e J e ws , th a t so me did not h e;
s itate to p ronou nce h ims upe rior to M ai monides . T hey agree , th a t
2 64 ms ron r'
or THE JEWS .
. .
s un k a n d ma n w e re d row n e d G rea t u m b rs
, y n e .
w e re s h ip w reck e d on fore ig n c oa s ts a nd
p e ris h e d ,
, , ,
d ea th b u t the s a l va tion b f th e s in ne r T h e s a il or .
u th e d es ig n of murd erin g th e m b ut ca u se d th e m
p
to b e s trip p e d na k e d a n d s e t d ow n on th e n ext
, ,
s h ore w h e re p a rt of th e m p e r is h ed w ith h u n ge r ;
,
a n e ig h b ou ring ca v e rn T h e re ma in d e r w e re sa v ed
.
T h e p e s til e n ce a l so d es troy e d ma ny of th e s e u n
fortu na te e xil e s ; a n d to comp l ete th e ir ca l a mities ;
,
th ose w h o re a ch e d th e c i ty of Fe z in Africa w e re ,
to a mind l
c e a r an d pe ne tra tin h e adde d a iv e y a nd fe rtil e ima ina
g l l g
tion , w h ich wa s e xh ibited in hi s eas y a nd c op iomM
.
fi on — M s .
Ba sna ge , p 6 93 . .
2 66 u rs ronr
'
or r u n JEW S .
M a ny of th e J e ws sough t a n ea re r a sy l umin P or
*
n
c ov arie s on th e coas ts of th e Re d S ea ; a n d th e
y
b rough t h im e x act a n d faith ful a ccou nts T h ey h ad .
e i h t gol d e n d uca ts a n d q ui t h is d om i i s at a
g n o n ,
p l a c e w h ere the
y ch ose to re t i re T h e k
.
in g was .
e x ose th e m lv to th e il d h a r d s h ip s of
p s e e s
p e r s a n
a n ew vo a e :
y g j
E ma n uel h is s ucce ss or a p pea red a t fi rs t to com
m
, ,
t M u rp h
y
’
s Tra ol v si n P o tu gal p 2 2 3
r , . .
W
h is d omin ion s h e iss ued a n ed ict w h ich ex p el l ed
,
w h o re ma in ed sh ou ld be d ep riv e d of th e ir l ib erty
‘
ge y
r a t l
‘
3 c it h e o r d d a l l th e
y e re,
e a rs of a e to b e f ibl ‘
g o r c y
ta ke from th e i r p a re n ts ia o rder to be e duca te d l n
, _
a
p h r e nz y o f ra g e a n d d e s
p a ir fi rs t k il l e
,
d : th e i r
th e k in gd om a n d w ere s old a s s la v es
,
O ve rw h el med .
re cov ered th e ir l ib e rt
y a nd ch ild re n T h e s in cer it.
y
of these re te n de d con v e rts w a s h o w e v er g rea tl
p , y ,
M rph y T l i P rtug l p 6 99
u
’
s ra v e s n o a , . .
2 68 u rs ronr
'
or r u n '
JEWS .
o J
CHAPTE R X IX . .
_ i
na t on a t
Hg .
-
T '
re s ec tin
p g th e o a th s to be ad mi nis te re d to th e m - . Di p s u te s be tw ee n
the Ra bbin is ts a nd Ca ra ites — R uind . Fl ei sch e xc ite s th e p eop l e in
v a riou s a rts ! of Ge rma ny y a re p ro
to ma ssa cre th e J e ws .— Th
"
e
p
d b h b i h o f S i h e y a re mu rde red b T Fl
tec t t e p o p re s
y th e a el
-
c s
y
g
.
a rea c cus ed a a in of o is on in
p g the riv e rs , a nd ba nis h ed th e e mpire
g , .
q ue ntly an
y .
th a n in h e a rt of E u o e W h e n th e Per
’
an
y ot r p r
p ;
i u
s n s and Tartars
'
mde ih
a cii rs ion s in to th is cou ntry ;
th ey w e re ge d
fa v ouring a n d a ss is tin g th e se
ch a r w ith
e n te rp riz e s in h 0p e s of b e in g de l ive re d from th e
,
p e rs e c ution s w h ich th e
y s u f
f e re d fro m th e C h r is tians .
m
/
ea r of o i th i f u g an of
‘
y pp os n
g e C O n ve rs o n o a
y o n .
.
,
Th e p eop l e in ce nse d
’
w e re at
’
v
.
th is o
pp os ition , a n d a r ms w e re se i e z d on b oth s id es .
th e fi re th ey h a d k in d l e d O ne h a lf of th e city w a s .
Basnage , p 6 82 . .
2 70
a ga i n st th os e of urtzb ur W
u rsr onr
a n d Be rn
ru n
e re t h ey
.
.
ca ll ed
, Th e M a n tl e of th e Lord M e ir de Re t .
it e x ci ted th e nv o f th l w h
e r y e
y e
p e p n a ce o
W
p ,
re p uta t i on » It w as obse rv ed in th e c ou nc il of
Vie nna ,
'
o be a n d e v en obl ige d th e ir
y
to th e unh a p p y v ictims w h o 1m
Bas na ge , p 6 84
. .
Th e c er W H IS TO RY OF THE JEW S
a s th e m a de n o sc ru p l e to vi ol a te th es e oath s th
‘
y e
y ,
l a w of M o se s Y e t th ey su p p os ed e v en th e se
.
onl y on e ea r It is a l so sa id th a t a n umben of
y . ,
for th e sa k e of p ea ce i
- A D. . Ab out th is time th e d is p utes b e
t wee n th e Ra bbin is ts § a nd C a rai tes w ere con d ucte d
with grea t v iol e n ce Aa ron Coh en a ra bb i of great
.
,
He e x p l a i ne d th e ir a rtic l e s of fa ith a n d s ty l e d h is ,
, . . . . v . . .
(
1 Gre goire , p Bl . .
{ Mod ern Un ive r . Hist v ol xiii p 3 3 8:
. . . .
fa m
,
'
ou s ,
;
e a rn e s t re q ue s t of h is p u il s
p to e x p la in th e M is n a , .
E ve n Aa ron w as a t l e n g th in d uce d to g iv e a n a ll e
orica l e x p l ica tion of se v e ra l p a s sa ges o f s c ri ture
g p .
A D 12 6 4
. . D ur in g th e con te s t be twe en Ad ol
.
h us of N assa u a n d Al be i t s of A us tr ia ea h o f
p c ,
w h om ha d be e n e l ec te d e mp eror a fa na tica l p ea sa nt , ,
n a me d Ra in d F l e isch ta k in g a dv a n ta g e of th e w a rs
,
re a ch e r in th e U p p er P a l a tina te F ra n con ia a nd
‘
p , ,
e ra te th e p e op l e a a in s t th e m a s s e rte d th a t th ey
p g ,
o th e r to w n s in F ra n conia a nd B av a ria a n d p ut ,
.
th e m to d ea th O th e rs ch ose ra th e r to d es troy th e m
.
, , , ,
“
Basnage , p 6 85
W
. .
n ot on l y th e in cen d ia ry b ut a l l h is b re thr e n in ,
mia were
, p ut to d e a th f "
I n th e cours e me y ea r th e J e ws w e re
of th e sa
se iz ed a bout tw o h u n d re d u n a r me d C h ri s tia n s ut
p ,
th e m to d ea th in a b a rb a rous ma n ner T h e in .
.
k ill e d tw elv e th ou sa n d J e w s T h ey n e xt se t fi re to .
th e ir h ou s e s w h ich s p rea d a n d ra g ed s o v e h e me n tl y
, ,
a bl e p e op l e e x ten d e d ov e r a l l G e rma n I n th e
y .
4*Basnage p 6 86 ,
. Ib id
. .
HISTORY OF rn n uaw s
'
. 2 75
tumul t a nd l
a f ord u m to a n inj ure d ra ce
f as
y an ,
wh ose in n oce n ce w a s a ck n ow l ed g e d by h on es t me n .
At Li th ua n ia h ow e v e r th ey me t w ith more
, ,
g ra n te d th em s e ve ra l cons i
W
had a t h e r re q ues t
*
, ,
d e ra bl e p riv il eg es .
A D . . T h os e J e ws w h o h a d fl e d for
re fug e to B oh e mia w ere n ot b e tte r tre a te d th a n
,
th ei r b re th re n in G e r ma n y in ce sl a us fi l th e .
tion of a ge or se x w e re a ll p u t to d ea th e xce t
,
p ,
y ,
a cc us ed of in sq l tin a rie s t a s h e w a s ca rr in th
g p y g e
sa c ra m e n t to a s i ck T h i iz f P
p e rs on e c t e ns o .
g
ra ue ,
i L
Bas nage , p 6 86 . .
t T
h i s p rince , h a v in g re nde red h imse f l od iou s to h is pe op l e by h is
inte mpe ra n ce a nd o th er v ices , s ou gh t to re g i
a n th e ir fa v ou r by h is
s e ve rit
y to th e Jew s .
2 76 HISTO RY or THE JEWS .
irrita te d at s ee in g th e m l
ce e b ra te th e ir p v
a ss o e r,
a n d n ot on e o f th e m e s ca p e d
S oon a fte r th ey w e re a ga in a ccus e d of p oison ing
,
th e riv e rs a n d s p ri n gs a nd p u n is h e d for th is r e
,
p
te n d e d crime T h e p ers ecution w a s n ot con fi n e d to
.
e mp e ror w a s con v in ce d of th e ir in n oc e n ce a nd ,
th e m to b e g u il ty of th is offe n ce a s th e r iv ers a nd ,
w e re s o h ig h ly e xa s p e ra te d a ga in s t th is mis e ra bl e
race ,
th a t i n ord e r to p rese rv e th e m from more
,
to a p os ta tiz e or a s th e y e x p re s se d it
,
“ to fors a k e ,
th e gl ory of th e ir G od 1 .
‘
th e fifte e n th cen tu r
y , .
th e la n dg ra v e s e xa c ted va s t
ms for a ffor d in g th e m an a s l um U o th e ir
su y p n .
f
re usa l to p a y a n e n ormous ta x th e y w e re a rrested ,
a n d im
”
p ris on e d a n d obl ig ed to
, give u p a l a rge p a rt
Ba snage , p 6 87 . .
1'
M
ode rn Uni ve rsa History l , v ol . xiii .
p 3 48 . .
t Basnage , p 6 87 . .
2 78 HISTO RY OF THE J e ws .
th e us urious a
c tices to w h ic h t h ey w ere ad
* p r
d icte d .
T h e ir ex
p ul s i on b bly a cce l e ra te d by th e
w a s
p ro a
a p p e a ra n ce of a n i m os tor n a m d D v id Le iml e in
p e a , .
h a d re ta rd e d th e comin g of th e M e s s ia h T h is
m
.
c a u s e d th e i n fa tua te d p e op l e to a p p oin t a s ol e n
fa s t in ord e r to a p p ea s e th e a n g er of G od a n d
, ,
h as te n th e a p p ea ra n ce of th e ir l on g e xp e cte d de
l ive re r r .
’
Basnage , p 7 2 9
. . t Ibid .
HI STO RY OF TH E J E W
Ss
p 3 98
. .
2 80 H I ST O RY or THE JEWS .
C H A P T E R XX .
J e R o ma n p o ntifl s d urin g th
'
are ma ssa c re d ~
in T — h e bu i d a
ra ni . y T l ma g nifi ce nt s
y na g g o ue in
B ol g o na in th e fi ftee nth cen tu ry —
Th e . J e ws a re
p e rs e cu te d by p ope
J oh n ,
III — M
. a ss a q re o f
. th os e in T re n t. -
l
A e xand er VI f . d
a vo u rs a n
a re p e rs e cu te d by th e inq u is itors .
— Pa ul III . is p a r ti l t th J wi h
a o e e s
na tion.
s ta n ce s of th e ir k in d n e s s a n d h u m a n it tow a rd s th e
y
J e w is h n a tion occur in v a rious p a rts of th e fore
g oin g h is tory As ea rly a s th e s ev e n th ce ntury
.
I n th e e l e v e n th Al e xa n d e r 11 con de mn e d th e p e r
, .
to d e fe n d th e m a ga in s t th e ra g e of th e C rus a d e rs .
of th e h ol w ar ob s e rv in g th a t th e C rusa d e rs in
y ,
b a rb a rity H e a l s o in te rp os e d in th e ir fa vo ur w h e n
.
th e i n h a b ita n ts of H a g u e na u a ccus e d th e m of mu r
d erin g C h ris tia n ch il d re n H e w rote a l e tter to .
B tl H Bibl i p 88 u
’
er s ora caa, . .
2 82 H I STO RY OF T HE J a ws .
.
,
ch a rg e d a J e w o f th e c ity w ith th e fa ct i
.
te nd e d to N a p l e s w h e re th e J e w s wou ld h a v e b e en
,
t to d e a th h a d n ot th e n ob ili t i n te r os ed d
p u
y p a n ,
Cl e me n t V w h o a t th e comme nceme nt of th e
.
th e p e rsecution of th e s he p h e rd s H e excommun i .
ca te d th e m; b u t th e a n a th e m a s of th e ch urch m ade
J oh n XX II h is s uccessor wa s fo r p urs u i ng a
.
,
c op ie s of th e Ta l mud S ev era l of th e b is h op s
.
Basnage , p 6 6 9 . .
m om or THE JEWS . 2 83
p e n , ,
of th e
p o n tif
f p e rs ua d e,
d h im u p on th e ir p re s e n tin g ,
n es s a n d h u m a n it W h e n th e w e re ut t o de a th
y y .
p
i n v a rious p a rts of th e k in gd om u p on p re ten ce of
o is on in g th e r iv e rs b e e xe rte d h ims elf to t he
p ,
u tmos t to s up p re s s th e o ul a r fu r
p p y H e a l s o .
th e ir a sy l u m a n d Cl e me n t V I th e ir frie n d a n d .
th e ir p ers e cu tors .
A D . . Th e J e ws w ere n u merous a n d
o w erfu l a t Bol og na d ur i n g th e fou rte e n th ce n tu r
p y .
fa ce I X d id n ot op p os e th e ir e re ctin g th is sy na
.
co
A D.
fa vou re d
mme n ce me n t
.
a nd
H I ST O RY
p rot
T h oug h
e
of
c te d
th e
or THE JEWS
th e Jews
by th e p op es , y e t,
fifte e n th ce ntury , J oh n
.
w e re g en
at
W ty
th e
He n ot on l y ra is ed a p e rse cu tion in h is ow n do mi
n ion s b u t e n coura g e d a n d s timul a te d th e S p a n is h
,
a fter ,
h ow e v e r N icol as ,
b e in g ra ise d to the
o n tifi ca te t re a te d th e m w ith g rea t in d ulge nce
p , .
w a s ra is ed a a in s t th e m S e x tus I V h a d be e n
g . .
re v a il e d u p on to ca n o n iz e on e S imon w h o as w a s
p , ,
re te n d e d h a d be e n murd e re d tw o h u n d re d
p , y e a rs
b e fore by th e J e w s in T re n t T h e p u bl ic h a tred .
o f T re n t a n d in th e c it of V e n ice l u n d e re d a n d
y p ,
th e sl a ug h ter ; bu t th e ma g is tra te s of T re n t be in g ,
A D
. . Afte r th e C a th ol ics in S pa in a n d
P ortuga l h a d ba n ish e d th e J e w s th e I ta l ia n s re ,
ce ive d th e m w ith o e n a rm s P o e A l e xa n d e r V I
p p . .
n ot on ly re l ie v e d th e w a n ts of th e u n h a p p y fug itives ,
bu t e nj oin e d th e ir b re th re n a t R ome w h o h a d ,
Ba snage , p 72 1 . .
2 86 HISTO RY or THE JEWS .
A D. . P a ul III wa s s o in d ulge n t to th e
.
v e i h ed a ga in s t h im o n a ccoun t of h is ial
g p a rt
fon d n e ss for a n un b el iev in g ra ce H e as serte d .
,
th a t th is p on tiff w a s k ind er to th e m th a n to th e
C h ris tia n s a n d th a t n on e could b e ra ise d to civ il or
eccl e s ia s tica l d ign i tie s b ut th rough th e ir fa v our a n d
n es s of Roma n p on tiffs to th e J e ws
th e Th e .
e x e ll in g a n d d is tress in g th e J e w s ; it k ne w th e us e
p
th a t w a s to b e ma d e of a n ind us triou s p e op l e sk ilful ,
n ue s w h o h a d n o p a rticul a r d is l ik e to p a p al a uth o
rity ,
a n d n o d is p os ition to a ss ist h ere tics s ch is m a tics , ,
ro s e l te s to th e ir ow n
p y
T h e p e rsecution of th e J e w s d urin g th e middl e
a ge s w h ich h a s b e e n re l a te d in th e fi ve re ce d in g
,
p
c h a te rs
p e xh
,
ib its i n s u ch a s trik in g ma nn e r th e
e x a ct a cco m l is h me n t of th e fa mous h f
p p p
r o e c
y o
a n d con te m l a tin g
'
in th e fa te of th is s n fi er in
p ,
g
e o le s trik in g h n ome n on in com re h e n s ibl e
p p a , p e p ,
to h u ma n rea s on .
T h ou s h a l t on l y be op p re s s e d a n d S p oile d e v e r
more . N u me rous ins ta n ces occ ur of th e crue l op
”
'
ill a ge s th is d e v ote d ra ce h a v e s ufi e re d
p r es s io n s a nd
p
J ti Rem k or
’
n s E l i ti l H i t y l i
ar s on cc e s a s ca s or , vo . i.
2 88 H ISTO RY THE JEWS
.
or .
in E ngl an d F ra n ce G e rma ny a n d S p a in
, , I n th e , .
ea s t a s w ell a s in E urop e
, th e y h a v e be e n con tin u
,
f
o te n in d iffe re n t cou n trie s h a v e th ey bee n forced to
re d e e m th e ir l ives by v a st s ums e xtorte d from th e m
D id s ov e re ig ns w a n t p ecun ia ry a ss is ta n ce to ca rry
on th e ir w a rs th e J e w s w e fe comp ell e d to g iv e up
,
to a p l u n d e r a s w e h a v e se e n in v a riou
, s
p a rts of
cated ,
b rough t imme n s e s u ms to th e crown Wh e n .
-
a n d h a v e s ca rce l y ob ta in e d th a t of b re a th in g a n
i mp u re a ir .
e x p el l e d a ll u n d e r fourtee n a rs of a e w e re for
'
, y e g
cibl
y d e ta i n e d in ord er to b e b a tiz e d
, p In th e .
fre n zy a nd d es p a i r of th e wretch e d p a re n ts at
‘
E urop e ,
subj ecte d to th e sa me to il w ith th os e
a n ima l s w h ich by th e ir l ig ious inc i l th ey
*
re r e s
p p
a bh or . Pa ga n s ,C h ristia ns a nd Ma h ometa rts ,
.
th e Je w s .
op p re s s e d ba n is h e d e xecute d a n d bu rn e d T h e
, , , .
ty ra nh y e x e rcise d a ga in s t th e m h a s b ee n a s ca p ri
c ion s a s it w a s crue l I n F ra nc e th ey h a v e be e n a t
.
of th e ir ow n n a tion h a s ob s e rv e d It s e ems as if ,
M Mi h l H
. c ae
’
e rr s Appea l to th e J ustice of Ki g n s a nd N a tions ,
l
p ub ish ed at S trasb ur g , 1801 .
,
2 92 msr on r or THE JEWS .
C H AP T E R XX I .
S ta te of the J ews i n th e e as t — T h ey s uf
fer from th e inva s ion of th e
Tarta rs .
-
Th o e
s in th e G re cian e mp ire j
e n oy a n inte rv a l of tra n
q uill ity .
—Of th e ir sta te M di
in e a and Pe rsia — Agreeme nt mad e
be twee n Sh ah Abbas I . an d th J w e e s in th e l a tte r o f th ose k in doms g .
—A genera l massa c e of th em ta k es p l
r a ce d urin g th g
e re i n o S
f h ah
Abbas 11— O f th os e in Sch iraz
. a nd o th e r p a rts of P e rs ia — O f th e
l ea rned men in the a cad e my of S a p h eta — . Di ss i mul a tion of a p re
te nd ed conve rt to Ch ristia n ity — S ta te of th e n a tion in th e O tt o ma n
e mp ire .
j y
o H.e th e re fore s oon ra is e d a
p ers e cution a ga in s t
th e m a n d comp e ll e d th e m all to a d op t th e M a h o
,
a s n a gog ue
y O n a ccoun t of h is
.
p rofo u n d k n o w
Basnage , p 6 5 5 . .
2 9—
1 ms ronv '
or ra n JEWS .
h
p y s icia n , w h o h a d e xa s p era ted th e M a h ometa ns by
h is p a rtia l ity to h is n a tion w as , ch a rg e d w ith h a ving
d e mn e d to -
s uf e r f d ea th . T h e p 0p ul a ce . so on fte r a
It is p roba bl e th a t th e J e w s in th e G rec ia n
,
I s h ma el S op h i ch ief of th e fa mily of th e P e rs ia n
,
a t h is ra p id a n d w on d e rful s u cce ss th ey b e ga n to ,
co n s id e r h im a s th e tru e M e s s ia h I n th is op in ion .
th a n a ny o f h is s ubj ects :
At th e c omme nce men t of th e re ig n of S hah
th e k in gd om
'
i
Abb as of P ers ia
'
wa s rea tl
d
, g y e
p o
p ul a te d .
1 T h is mo na rch wa s h e n ce ind uce d to
f
con er imp orta n t p riv il e g e s on a l l s tra n g e rs w h o
w o ul d s e ttl e in th e k in g d o m
M ul titud es of pe op l e .
a n d j ea l ous
y o f th e oth er in h a b ita n ts the y c o m ,
p l a in ed to th e k in
g
,
T h is m o n a rc h w a
'
s a
pp re .
h is d omin ions
: But h a vi ng foun d a fortuna te
.
y .
, .
h is crue l d es ig n It w as re s olv ed h ow e v e r to . -
, ,
Th e ra bb ie s as ton is h e d a t th ose
‘
h a d s ucce e d e d .
,
W
~
,
s ia h a n d could n ot re ce iv e h im w h om th e ir a nc es tors
,
h a d crucifi ed A b ba s w a s exa s p e ra te d a t th is
.
.
s ince I bel ie v e in h im P
~
sa y s h e H e a fte rw a rd s
”
,
as k ed th e m W h a t th ey th ough t of Ma h ome t ?
,
”
k ing w i th fid e l ity a n d z ea l * .
l iv e s
.
”
H e a ll owe d th em s ome time to p re p are a n
a n sw e r After ma ture d elib era tion th ey informed
.
s ev e n t ea rs from th e da on w h ich th e h d be en
y y y y a
th is p e riod wa s termina te d Ab ba s w h o w a s ex . r
,
H e en ga ged it is sa id on h is p a rt th a t if th e
, , ,
w a s to p rofe s s J u da is m If n ot th e J e w s w e re to ‘
.
,
B g p 6 97 M od U i
as na e, l Histo y
. . e rn n vers a r .
2 98 a ns w e r or THE JE S W .
h ow e v e r foun d me a n s to e s ca p e in to th e T u rk is h
,
th e ir l iv e s by a bj urin g th e ir re l ig ion It wa s .
,
tin ction r l
Th e J e w s w e re n u me rous a t S ch ira z w h e re the ,
‘
‘ ‘
p a han T h e
y p re t
.e n d e d to b e des cen d e d f ro m th e
p :
A D . B a gd a t once th e re s id e n ce of th e
.
,
m
'
p r i nce s of th e ca tiv it
p y w a s uc h re d uc e d a fte r i t ,
M odern Un ive rs a l Hi t s or
y , v ol . xiii p 36 9
. . .
1 Bas nag
'
e, p goire
G re , p 16 . .
was ta k e n by A ma ra t I V . A l a rge p ro
p ortion of
T h ey w e re , h ow e v er, h a te d an d
Pe rs ia n s fi "
, .
.
,
an c ie n t a n d be l ov ed c ou ntr s ucce ss iv el os s es s e d
y y p
by P a ga n s C h ris tia n s , a n d T urk s
,
It h a s in dee d . .
b ee n fre q ue n tl y v is ite d b y J e w is h as w e ll a s ,
s iste n ce “
S a p li eta in Galile
e w as th e mos t p l
op u ous and
ce e l b ra te d : c it
y w h ich : th e J ew s p osse s se d in Pa:
l es tin e . Thos e zw h oi xin h a b ite d it w e re tre a te d w ith
more k ind n ess th a n in a ny oth e r p a rt of th e O ttom an
e m ire “
, ,
T h e h a v e h a d ma n l r ed ra b b ies a n d
p y .
y ea n
f w ho ha e v d
re s i e d in th e ac d em in
p ro es s ors,
p a y .
Ba snage , p 6 99 . . i G re goire , p . 18
. Basna ge , p 7 03 . .
300 ms ronr '
or THE JEWS .
th is c ty i , to w h i ch th ey
t th e ir ch ild re n to be in sen
e q ua l u rit T h is a ca d e m s uccee de d th at of
p y .
y
T ib eria s a n d a cq uired a s imil a r re p uta tion f
,
"
P ome g ra na tes f .
'
tra nsl a te d th e N e w T es ta me nt i n to H e b re w a n d a t ,
s ixtee n th ce n tur
y T h e f o rm e
.r was a na tiv e of
”
s t le d b
y y h i s b re t h re n th e l ig h t o f I s ra e l
,
th e ,
It pp a th t th is
ea rs d my w
a t m a caet d an ft e th tw l fth
a s no e e a er e e
ce n tu y
r i , B j mi d T d l do
s nce en a n t m ti
e it i h i
n e a es no en on n s
tra ve ls .
1
r
t Basnage , p 183 . . M odern Univ er Hist . . v ol . xiii p 39 5 . . .
m
t Bsa ag p J os m .
302 n i sr onr or me JEWS .
h im s uccess iv el y to d al l
th e cl ergy th e a nd or ers of ,
w h ich wa s v a ca n t H e w a s th e re se iz e d w ith a da n
.
1
, ,
of h is H eb re w b re th re n ,
.
d ecla re d th a t , h e h a d a l wa y s b el ie v ed th e J e w is h
rel ig ion a n d re n ou n c ed th e b ish o ric Of J eru sa l e m
, p
to d ie in h is ol d
p rofess ion T h os e w h o h ea rd
“
.
s
«
T h e J e ws h a v e l on g b ee n n u me rous i n oth er
a rts of th e O ttom a n e m ire ar tic u l a rl a t Co
p p p y n ,
sta n tin op l e ; th e
y i nh a b ite d a s ub u r b i n G al a ta ,
p e cu n a r
y on
'
.
'
v il e ge s th ey ob ta in ed th a t of s ell in g w in e ; a n d it
'
wa s su os ed th a t w h ich th e re a re d wa s of th e
pp y p p
p u res t k ind b e ca use th ey a re
, p roh i b ite d by th eir
la w from ma k ing a ny mixture r l ’
In c on s e
q ue nce of w h ic h , a fte r th e re d uction of th e
isla n d , h is n a tion o b ta in e d g rea te r p riv il e ge s th a n
B
e s en ge , p 7 01
. . Mod ern Unive rsa l Hi t s . vol . xiii p 3 7 3
. . .
Rop h e to,
n eg otia te a
p e a ce w ith t h e r e
p u bl ic of.
«
a ss id uous ly st u d ied ,
se v e ra l e min ent ra bb ies a n d
“
h ea d s of sy n agogue s deft the p l a ce of th e ir b ir th to
se tt el in th ese 7c itie s .
*
I n p articul a r , S ol omon ,
th e s on of Japhe , ca me
from G erma ny to res ide in Con s ta n tin op l e w h e re h e
’
exp l a in e d th e J er us a l e m T a l mud a nd i d
'
p r n te
~
21 ,
a n d tea ch th e l a w s a n d ce re mon ie s of h is
‘
s 101a n ,
a n d a s s id uousl l a b ou re d to rec on c il e th e C a ra i te s a n d
y
Ta l mud ists But both p a rtie s p ro v e d s o obs tina te
.
,
r ive d th e a d v a n ta ge of p ub l is h in g s e ve ra l oth e r
'
th e d e s ol a te s ta te of th e cou n try a n d th e h e a v
y ,
s ince th e ti me of S t Pa ul . . T h ey for a ge s h a ve
.
os s e s s e d a cons id e ra bl e a ca d e m a n d in l a te r times
p y ,
“
J ose p h th e s on of S en a l so p ubl ish e d a trea tis e
,
in th i s city The .
th e M ess ia h a nd d el iv e re r of I sra e l to w h om h e ,
p o r o u s
p p y
p ea ce .T h is fa m ou s or ra th er in fa mou s im os tor
,
p ,
w a s b orn a t Al e p p o of me a n a n d obscu re a re n ts
,
p .
p
and t .i el d s e v e n b e fore th e T urk s ; a n d th oug h rid i
,
e ul a d b
y th e m h e h a d th e a
, d dre s s to g a in a n u m b e r
of d isc ip l e s by w h om h e w a s g re a tl a d mire d H e
y .
a
pp yl th e m to h im s e lf th a t it w a s s u
, pp o s e d h is in; .
k n ow l e dg e th ey h a d se en h im in th e a ir He a l s o .
He p as se d
. ov e r to S al onich i, a n d, as th e J ew s
w e re nu me rous in th is c it
y , be su
pp ose d
it a p rop e r
th ea tre on w h ich to act h is p a rt . But b e in g e x
el l e d from th e n ce a s w e ll a s f om A th en s
r a nd
p , ,
t'
fe ctual
ef ly ,
'
J ew s ga ve u p
th a t th e 1 b us in e ss t
a nd
y that
For th is
'
’
'
p
ta tion at Ga za , na med N a th a n Le v i , w h omb e eas i ly
p e rs u a d e d to a ct th is p a rt . T he time w a s fa v ou r
a b e, l for ,
a ccord in g to th e ca bb a l is tica l in te rp re ta tion
of D a n iel ,
th e M es s ia h w a s to a p p ea r in or a bout
th e y ea r 16 7 5 +
t Ts e v i a n d h is p recu rsor tra v ell ed to
Z a b a th a i
J eru sa l e m Le vi a fte r h is a rriv a l a ss e mbl e d th e
'
. , ,
M es s ia h s a p p e a ra n ce
’
H e th en d e cl a re d T ze v i .
ti me for th e con q a e s t a n d ru in of th e G ra n d
‘ ‘
. .
S e igno r .
’
os to r' b u t th e mos t s e n s ib l e me n a m th em
on
g
‘
p ;
c l ea rl e rce iv e d th a t the in te n d e d in s urre ct ion
y p ,
ch a ra cte t istics of th e M es si a h n or L e v i th os e of
'
‘
'
l
,
so
h is p recu r r}
Th w p h ib it d f om
e se e re ro e r c ond u cting bu s ines s , un de r th e
p
e
na l ty f x mm i ti
o Th y
e co u n ca on . e exp e cted th a t a fte r th e ir Mess ia h
h ad s ub d ue d th e na tions th e y sh ou ld g a in
p osse ss ion of a l l th e wea thl
o f u nb e li e ve rs —Tu rk i s h H is tory , v 01. ii p 17 6
. . .
t Bas nage , p 7 02
.
"
. T urki sh H isto y r ,
x2
308 1113 mm or THE JEWS .
a nd d ecl a re d , th a t th e p e rs on w h o k ill e d h im
w ould re n d e r a n a cce p ta bl e s e rv ice to G od a n d sa v e ,
by h is p re curs or to a ck n owl e dg e h im a s th e M e ss ia h .
th is e mb a s sy g re a tl y in crea s e d th e foll ow e rs of th e
imp os tor a n d e v e n imp os e d u p on p a rt of th e
,
-
ea rl y a tte n d a n ce a t th e s n a g og ue s a n d more es e
y p ,
c ia l l b h is a th e tic s e r mon s a ck n o w l e d g e d h im
y y p ,
for th e ir M es s ia h a n d k in g a n d b roug h t h im ma g n i
*
,
fi ce n t p rese n ts to pp d ig n it
y su ort h is .
th e ir l on g e xp e c te d d el iv e rer w h o w as a b out to s ub ;
-
,
of fe re d .W h il e L ev i w a s a t Da ma scus he w rote to ,
T zev i a n d th us b e ga n h is l ette r
, T o th e k in g , ,
th e ma n e l e v a te d to th e h e ig h t of al l s ubl imity th e ,
, ,
Z a ba th a i T ze vi .
T he n ext s e
p t ta k e n by th e imp os tor wa s to cause
co min g from th e eh a n d
‘
. .
of . th e ir S e ine ,
w e a e th e ms e es by f i h t
v . an
y lv
w h o ha d b e e n lg . M -
in cre d ul ous n ow .
p rofess e d -
. to b el ie v e '
in h im) to
w h om th ey .
a m
p ppp l ied
h e c ie s of th e O l d T es Q
th e
ta me nt
‘
W h e n he h a d a tta in ed th i s he ig h t of
. .
.
'
e ord e re d th e J e ws
‘
s ub s titu te h is ow n H e s ty l e d h imself . K in g of ,
th e k in g s of I s ra el a nd J os ep h h is b rother ,
”
,
K in g of th e k in gs of J uda h a l sa e l ec ted
th ey ob ta in e d th e p os s e s s ion of th e ir b e l ove d
cou ntry At l en g th h e d e cl a red h e w as ca ll e d of
.
,
G od to v is it C on s ta n tin op l e w h e re h e h a d a g rea t ,
s ma ll v es s e l for th is c it w h il e ma n f h is d is c i l es
m
o
y y p ,
foll ow e d h im b y l a n d T h e s ul ta n be in g in for e d .
,
of h is a rriva l
t d e s p a tch e d ord e rs to h is v izi er to a p :
,
.
e n d a n d con fi n e h m
re h i i n i
p
Th is e v e nt i ns tea d of d is cou ra g in g stre n gth!
, ,
th a t L ev i h a d p re d ic te d th a t th e M e s s iah w a s to b e
' ’
,
y
’
.
ow e r to p ut h im to de a th
l
s ul ta n h a d n ot
p T h e .
‘
l
Bas nage, ‘p 702 . .
marrow or TH E J E ‘
W S. 3 11
“
h a d comp el led h imto a ss u me th e t itl e of
,
na tion
.
.
,
: .
S o me E n gl is h me rc h a n ts n ot k now in g h ow to re
cov e r w ha t w a s ow in g to th e m , from th e J ews
'
T o y ou of th e na tion of th e J e w s w h o e xp ec t ,
th e a p pea ra n ce of th e M es s ia h a n d th e sa lv a tion of ,
:
Is ra el p ea ce w ith out e n d
,
W h e reas w e a re in :
‘
forme d th a t y ou a re i nd eb te d to s e v e ra l of th e
E nglis h na tion it s ee me th arig h t u nt o us to ord er
'
'
.
. .
,
if y ou re fus e to do b e it k n ow n th a t y ou a re n ot , ,
to en te r wi th u s in to ou r j oy s a n d
T zevi re ma in ed a p rison e r in Con s ta n tin op l e tw o
'
o to Ca n dia d i d n ot th in k it sa fe to l e a v e h im 1n
'
g ,
h im to t e Da rda n e ll e s
'
fi
h T h is th e J e w s s u
pp ose d .
n ot p o w e r to p at h im to de a th . H a vin g b ri b e d th e
gov e rn or , g rea t nu mb e rs re
p a ire d to th e ca s tle
11
'
E
‘
ve n the P ortugu ese Jews at
Amste rda m com osed
p a form of
p ra y e r to be made use of by th ose wh o wen t to Ad riano p e to l v is it
the p re te nd ed M e ss ia h . —
Mod¢ rn Uni ver H is t v ol xiii p 3 7 6 . . . . . .
3l2 n arr ow or
'
ru E
'
JE S W .
ma n d ed th e J e w s to cel eb ra te
h is b irth da y w ith
feas ting ill u mina tion s a n d mus ic ; a n d a bol ish e d
, ,
cl a im h im th e M e s s ia h a nd ubl is h th e mira cl es
p ,
j oin ed h is n a ti on to a ck n ow l edge th e l ov e of G od in
g iv ing th e m con sol a tion b y th e bi rth of th e ir k ing
a n d M e s s ia h
N eh e m
.
'
C oh e n a P ol is h J ew ca me to v isit h im in h is con
, ,
fi ne me n t H e w a s a ma n of g rea t lea r n in g in th e
.
ca b b a l a a n d ea s te r n l a n g ua ge s It is sa id th a t h e .
, ,
of Da v id ,
a nd a mig h ty q ue ror N e h e mia h
con .
was co n te n te d to be th e forme r a nd l ea v e th e d ig
,
n it a nd gl ory
l tt r to T ze v i
of th e B t h
y a e u e .
l
i T u k i sh Hi
1
01
v . 1
r s tory ,
:
. 11.
p 17 7
. .
H I ST O RY or run JEWS .
W
se i
g n or se nt me ss e n g ers to a
pp re hen d h im ,
be
ca us e d th e m all to be s truck d ea d ; but up on be in g
re q ues te d , reca ll ed th e m to l ife T h e y a d de d th a t
. ,
he g v
a e ll ow e rs Th e
to h is fo .
'
J e ws of Ita l y s en t
l e ga tes to S my r na to in q uire in to th e trut h of th ese
rcp orts y w h o; upon th e ir a rriva l w e re mortifi e d a n d ,
as ton is h e d a t th e in tell ig e nc e, t h a t th e ir xp re te n de d
'
th e b roth e r of T ze v i a tte mp te d to p e rs ua d e th e m
th a t it w a s on ly h is a p p a r it ion w h ic h a p p ea re d in a
‘
d o w n to ea rth a t
ro e r s e a s o H e a dd e d th a t N a th a n h is re
a
p p n s p
t
,
c u rs or w h o h a d w roug h t ma n
, y m ira cl es w ou l d s oon ,
th e ir fa ith But th is p re te n d ed E l ia s w a s n ot s u f
.
*
,
T ze v i p a s s ed th e re ma in de r of h is da y s a t th e
Tu rk is h cou rt H e b eca me a l e a rned a n d z ea l ous
.
p rea ch er to th e s e ra gl io to w h o m h e w a s a m o
,s t d o
e c
p .
, ,
h imse lf a d e l iv e re r of th e J ew s bu t b e in g e x tre me l y
ca u tious to a v oid g iv in g offen ce to th e T urk s he
'
'
,
Bag ge p 104 T k i h H i t y
ua , . . ur s s or .
1115 mm or
'
rn s J EW S . 3 15
a n d in th e re s e n ce of th e g ra n d s e i n or th
p
é
g ey ,
re ta in e d h is i n fi uen ce ov e r l a rg e n u mb e rs of h is
i .
he d d b d f h ul a n M a h O me
I iE
a e
y or e r o t e s t t .
w h o h a d d w e l t a t S my rna s ix or se v en y ea rs u nd e r
;
,
‘
w a s y e t a l ive a n d conc ea l e d a n d th a t h e w o uld
,
~
re a
pp e a r a fte r th e s a e of fort fi ve
p c y y e a rs l S om e -
-
,
W
,
ha m M ic h a e l a n d Ra p h a e l C ordos o a p h y s icia n
"
~
, ,
w h o a s fa mous a mong th e J e w s in Ca n d ia op en l y ,
stran c e s th e ,
ca d i e xp sll d e h im f ro m th e c ity a n d ,
i m se d a fi ne u on h is a d he ren ts
o C erd oso, w ho
’
p n s l
'
p
‘ ‘
ml r ni i
.
i
g
I
Ba sn a ge , p 7 02 . .
8 fol ” ”1 '
“
'
law ; d ea th bl a s te d a l l th e h op e s of the
d h is
’
an
a n d in th e mos q ues
'
T h ey n e ve r en ter th e sy na.
n or ma k e k n ow n th e i r s ch is m H e n ce it
“
o u es
g g ,
.
th at th e T urk s a rd on a s ec re t observ
a
pp ea rs , p ‘
a n ce of a n oth e r re h m n i n fa v ou r of a ubl ic o
g p p r
fes s ion of th e ir ow n .
Z a ba th a i T ze v i h a d ma n y a d h ere n ts a mon g th e
J ew s of E ngl a n d H olla n d G erma ny a n d Pol a nd r
, , ,
a n d W a n sb e ck w a s a cc us e d o f b e in g a fol l oweb
, .
ma te d d is p u te a n d p rod uced ma ny p a mp h l e ts
, .
M y f th i f t t d J w t l y b l i d th t Z b th i
an o e n a ua e e s no on e e ve a a a a
was l i i g d w ld
v n , an
pp ,b tou l b t d th d y f hi
re a ea r u e v en ce e ra e e a o s
bi th with g
r t j iig rea yi g L g li
re o c n s ,l ta Tz i cr n , on ve su n ev .
Ba sn age, p 7 5 6 . .
g
G re oire s H istoire d es S ectes Bel igicn ses
’
. Tome 11.
p . 5 09 .
S a me n w h e re th ey ma in ta in e d th e ir in d e p e nd e n ce
, .
W
th ey w e re re d u ce d to th e b rin k of ru in ; a n d
Gid eon a nd J ud ith th e ir k in g ere b oth
,
sl a i n 1n ba ttl e » S in ce th a t .
p a id
ta x e s to th e S tate b ut a re a ll ow e d , th e ir
own g ov e rn me n t he n Mr B ruce} w as there
. .
,
a b ou t l 77 l th e y w e re e s tima te d to a moun t to a n
,
1
'
'
‘
fa mil y
'
A ccord in g to th e a ccou n ts of th e F a l a sh a
.
‘ '
T he i r O l d T e stame nt is in th e G ee z l a n g uage,
written by Ab y ssi n ia n Ch ri stia ns and s old to them .
r ga rm
'
ribb a nd s u on
p th e i e n ts n or a ny s cr ib e ,
ve l ost th e i r He b re w a nd onl y S p ea k th e ,
w her e th e
y S e ttl e d T h e
y a ck n owl ed ge ca n d idl .
y ,
th a t th e y h a v e n o H eb l e w n or S a ma rita n cop ie s ,
,}
h as n e v e r d e p a rte d fromJ ud a h an d a p p l y the 1 p m ,
B T l
ruce s l h p i p 114
ra v e s , vo . 11. c a . v . . .
1 ’
Mr . B b
ruce o se rv e s , th a t h e d id n ot s
pare th e ut most p a ms in
q
in uiri n g into th e h i ty s or of this cu rio us p eop e , l a nd th a t h e li
v ed 1n
h a b its ,
of in timacy a nd fr ien ds h ip w ith se v e ral of th e mos t le a rn ed b
a mon g th e m
”
Br uce, v ol i i p 4 06
.
-
. . . .
i B ru ce s
’
T l
ra v e s , v ol . ii .
HISTO RY or THE JEWS . 3 19
h ec
y of th e l ga th e rin g of tth e G e ntil e s to th e future
p
‘
a p p ea ra n ce of Mes s ia h
th e .
5 Th e . F a l as h a h a v e no k now l edge of th e N e w
{
w h o th ey a p p ea r to th in k is to b e a te mp oral ri
p nce ,
r
p p o h e t p r i
,
es t a n d c o,
n
q u e ro r s"
T h e J e w ish l a w
E
is i n ful l force a m on g th is p e o l e
p a n d a l l th e L e ,
na nce s a n d s a c rifi ce s
, .
9
T h e J e ws for ma n y a g es h a v e fou n d a n a sy l um in
E gy p t ; th ey w ere , h ow e v e r in "
n ea r th e ,
of two h un d re d ta l e n ts T h ey h ow e v er p l ea d e d
. .
, ,
treas ury T h e g ov e rn or e xa s p e ra te d a t th is re ,
‘
a (z
y g i
,
q u e nce of w h ich h e w a s
p u t to d e a th a n d th e J ew s
'
ce l e b ra te d a fe a s t in m e mor of th e ir d el ive ra n ce s l
‘
y
T h e l ib e rty w h ich th is p eop l e h a v e s ince e nj oy e d
‘
in E gy p t h a s rén d e re d th e m n u me rous a nd p ow er t ~
,
s n a o ue s
y g g I T h e
y h a v e l o n g fa r m e d a l l xth e c u s
B T el ol p 13
'
B
’
r uce s ra v s. v 11. 4 a s na e,
. .
g p .
1
‘
P k
ococD ’
ip t
si f
esc rt h E t
on o 17 7
e as
‘
5‘
, .
320 msr onr or THE J E S W .
of th e J e w s b eca use th e y h a v e th e a rt of ga in in g
,
C a ra ites w h o h a v e a sy na gogu e of th e ir ow n
, O ne .
offi ce s of th e c us toms a re s h ut u on th e ir s a bb a th
p ,
a n d n o g ood s ca n p a ss u p on th a t da y a l th ough b e
-
ro e rt f rich J e w w a s th e re b bl d ta
'
o a
p p y y e n a e , ;
a n d to d is p os s e ss h is b roth e r of th e k in gd om of
,
th is a ct of O p p re s s ion to a n in d iv id ua l h e a ll ow e d ,
g rea te r b e n e fa c tor to th e J e w is h p e op l e As a n .
W
,
Ni b h T l
e u
’
rs l i p 102 P bl i h d 17 92
ra v e s , vo . . . . u s e
B n g p 7 17
as a e, M d U iv r Hi t ol xiii p 383
. . o ern n e . s . v . . . .
32 2 msronr '
or THE JE S W .
rous in al l t
M orocco ; a fter th ey w ere
r of
p a s
a n a sy l um in th is e mp i re
“ T h ey a re n ot con fi ned.
,
to tow ns b ut h a v e s p rea d ov e r th e fa ce of th e
'
w h ol e c ou n t ry .
‘
,
up on e v ery s ma ll d isgu s t in d a n g er of b e in g e x ,
el l e d ; and ca n n ev e r ro mis e th e m se lv es
p p an
y
e rma n e n t se ttl e me n t or s e cur ity T h ough th is
p .
th an in B a rb a ry w h ere th e w h ol e count ry d ep e nd s
, ,
u p on ,
s ca rc el i
s ub s is t w ith out h e r a ss i s ta n ce
t l ae
y .
K ora n a n d j udg e a re a l wa y s in fa v ou r of th e Ma h o
meta n s T h e ir s up erior k n owl e dge a n d a d d ress
.
g iv e th e m h owev e r ma n y a dva n ta ge s ov e r th e
, ,
cal a mities , d th e ro
p p h e ts romise a n
y
— D s s cr l a ti on s p our
z
” ‘
o
nor p .
T ou r to Mo oc r co.
con uctin d g fore ig n merch a n ts
h is intercou rse w ith
*
,
a n d h is n egoc ia tion s w th fo i re ig p ow r
n e s
‘
T h u s .
em l
p y o ed th e
y h a v e g rea t O
, pp ortu n itie s fo r b e n e fi t
Portuga l a n d S a in :
p
A D . . T h e J e w is h sy n a g ogues h a v in g
b een d e mol ish ed in th e k in gd om of Fe z M ul ey ,
Ch en ier s
’
P rese nt Sta te of M oroc co, v ol . i p 15 7 . . .
3; Ba snage , p 7 17 . . G re goire , p .
v 2
3 24 H ISTO RY OF THE JEWS .
ca us e d th e m to be ma d e one of thy
re b uil t , but
n a ti o n his h igh treas ure r a n d rime min is te r T h is
p .
ty ra n n
y a n d zca
p rice of : th e a rb it rar
y sove re igns of
A D . . M ul ey I sh ma el ing e nious in ,
s e mbl e d th e J e ws a nd th u s ad d res s ed th e m
,
p e y .
th ey h a d a t th e ir re q ues t
, ob ta in e d a w ee k to ,
re a re a n a n s w er th e c oll ecte d a l a r e s um hf
p p y , g
money to p res en t to th e e mp e ror a nd i n forme d him ,
th a t th e ir d octors h a d c on cl ud e d th a t th e M e ss ia h ,
Ch i r P t S t te of M o occo
’
en e l rese n p 15 9
a -
r , . .
32 6 ms roa r
'
or THE JEWS .
u n is h e d by b urn in g ; s ome b s t ri es ; a n d th e
p y p
g rea te r p a rt by con fi sca tion of th e ir p rop erty were
, ,
s n a g og ues ; b u t m an
y of th e p riv il e ge s w h ic h th e
y y
e n o e d h e fore th e y ea r 18
j y 0 4 th e y n o l on ge r p os ,
s e ss . T h e J e w s of Alg ie rs a re a ll ow e d th re e w iv es
a t a tim e w h om th e y ma y re p ud ia te a t p l ea s ure
, .
e rs o n of th e ir o w n na tion , w h os e d e cis io ns
p a re
d es p otic , a nd w h o is l
e e c te d b y th e D e y h imse lf ,
T h e p re se n t ch ie f of th e J e w s in th a t c it
y is
M r J a cob C rav Ba crifl
.
‘
Eve n i n th e h ea rt
‘
of Africa th is w retch e d e o
p
me et th eir p re d ic e d a te t f . At a n san i n ,
S d g
h und re mi es eas tw a rd rom th e
d l f A tla nti c a , recen t
or .
C H AP T E R XX I V .
0f the J
ews in Ge rmany — The bishop of Col ogne e xpe ls them from
h is d iocese s -
Vi tor
c a Carbe , a b u re. j th e Jewish s ur ge s,
writes aga ins t h is na ti on — Ano the r d ese rter of th e sy na gogue ,
IN th e th ree la st c ha
p te rs a n ac cou n t h as ,
b ee n
g ive n of th e J ews in A s ia an d Africa d urin g th re e
ce n turie s . It is n ow time to turn to th ose of
A t th e co mme n ce me nt of th e s ixtee n th ce n ur t y ,
th e b is h op of J e w s from h is
C ol og n e e xp e ll ed th e
d iocese Victor a Ca rbe w h o h a d re noun ce d J u
.
,
a v e h e me n t in v ective a ga in st h is b re th re n a n d ,
d e mn e d But a l l h is e fforts w e re va in a n d h e w a s
.
,
Ma rtin Lu th er w h o th e n b e ga n to ma k e a fig ure
,
th a t th ey w ould p ermit h im to e nd h is da y s in
i mp ul se w a s g iv e n to th e E urop ea n rep u bl ic of
l e tte rs ; a n d e v e n th e J e w s a w ak e ne d by th e ge ,
n e ra l a ctiv ity p u bl is h ed
,
s e v e ra l g ra m m a rs a nd
l exicon s in th e H eb re w la ng ua g e a n d e xerte d ,
A D
. . Th e reforma ti on in a g rea t mea ,
1*D id L i obse v ; “
B a sna
g p 7 3
e,3 V ill
. rs t.h R f m
e ti
ono p 1e07 e or a n, . .
av ev T h k b t God d th fo m tio
r es an s e o an e re r a n
HISTO RY OF TH E J E
'
W S.
'
founde d
'
W
, ,
r e me d ie s ; a n d s in ce th e cu rs e of h ea v e n h a s b e e n
s t l e d in con te m t D em i J e ws S e id e l ius on e of
y p
-
.
, ,
th e s e d octors a p p ea re d in T ra n s y lv a n ia a n d ma in
, ,
ta in e d th a t th e M ess ia h re ga rd ed on ly th e J e wish
n a tion to w h om h e h a d b ee n p ecul ia rly p romise d
,
in th e sa me ma n n e r a s th e l a n d of Ca na a n He as .
th e forme r th a n in th e l a tte r ; a n d th a t th e w h ol e
,
of re l ig ion is con ta in e d in th e d e ca l og ue a nd ,
foll ow e rs + .
T h e J e w s at Me rsb urg w h o p re te nd ed to h a v e ,
i wh i h w
n c ttl d w h i h
e are t
se w et , g t i c ou r a nces ors ere s ran e rs o s nce
” ’
th e ir dispe rsion .
-
L ev i s L e tters to Pr ies tl ey , p 19
. .
l '
Ba sna ge , p 7 33 . . t I
111 mm or ra n JEWS .
bish op Ad ol p h us ea rl i ix t t
W
h h I II!
‘
y n t e s e en t c e n u r
y .
t h is op press ed p ee p l e 1b ut a l l owe d th em th e p ri v i ,.
~
*
,
th e ra b bi J ak oc k a na tive of W orms w a s e mi
W
" ‘ ‘
.
, ,
, , .
s u e rb
p s na g og ue
y a nd e re c te d a n a c a d e m
,y at
s id ed y
j B t i 1 5 80 c fl ti on h a v in g d e
'
u o
n a n a
g ra ,
s o me m
'
k g
'
s tro ed t f th i d th w e re
y p a r o e n o e y .
,
de mn e d T ho se w h o e sca p e d a cruel de a th we re
W
. .
ms d to h a v e g iv en g ood p roof to th e em
p re te nd e
'
or pe ro r a nd th e
sta tes of the e mpire , th at the ir ’a m eestors ha d no co nce rn in o ur
'
Sa v iou r s
’
c ru ci fi xi on, a nd th a t from time imme moria th e y h ad b e e n l
s et t edl in th is c it
y , w h ich 15 t h e re a s o n th ey h a v e o b ta ined p rivi lg
e es
w h ich o th e rs W ith “
of a re d e rive d
p . th is vi ew the y h ave inse rte d 1n
a n th er of th e o d e s J e sch u w ho T l a me mb er d th e sy na g m e of
l
''
I bid .
p . 7 84
‘
t
p e rse cu t io n i n 1 5 7 4 , a n d m a n
y w e re
p u t to a c ru e l
d ea th b efore th e ir fri e n ds w ere a bl e to afford the m
a ss is ta n ce .T h ose of F ra n con ia w ere a ccu sed of
se ttin g fi re to s e v e ra l h ouses i n th e tow n of Ba m
“
th e p l a ce of h is b irth H e p ubl is h ed a work s ty le d
.
h e ta i n U e r G a l il e e
p pp .
W
,
am on g h is b re th re n for h is l ea rn in g a n d a u s te re
Ma n y of th e G erma n a n d I ta l ia n J e ws ere s e
d uced by th e im p os t or a n d a ck n owl e dge d h is d ivi n e
,
Bas na ge , p 7 3 6. . t Ibid p 7 87
. . .
H IS TO RY ‘
O F TH E JE S W .
C H A PT E R XX V .
a
St t
a e of th e J e ws P l
in o a nd — h ey p ri vi eges from
T obta in e xtens ive l
C as imire the G rea t — h ey a re a T
so h i h y fa v ou red by o h n Sob i l g l J
c sk i.
— O f th e ite rar y e w sl in o a n d — J
rospe ro us con d ition of Pl P
th e n a tion a t a mbu r
g
—H O f th ose i n u n a r — A a r e c ou nc i of
y H g . l g l
J e ws a re s a id to h a v e conve ned on th e p a ins of Aged a in th is l
country — . P
rospe rou s s ta te of th e e ws a t ienna - O f th e ir c on J V .
A D TH E fl ouri sh in g s ta te of th e J e w s
u n d e r C a s im
. .
i n P ol an d ,
ire th e G rea t h a s b e e n me n ,
g ra n t th e m th ey in a ma n n e r en g rossed a l l th e
, , ,
in th is k in gd om w a s n ot h ow e v e r w h oll y ow in g to , ,
th e k ing s e d icts in th e ir fa v o u r b ut ma y in p a rt b e
’
th e h igh er cl a sse s of s oc ie ty a n d th e o p re ss e d
p ,
s ta te of th e ale
e a sa n ts
p .
B sn g p 7 3 5
a a C x T l t P l d l 1 p 148
e, . . o e s
’
ra ve s o o an , vo . . . .
338 marrow or T HE JE S W .
to p rov e th a t th e M e s s ia h w a s come a nd w a s a ,
th is c ity a l ea rn e d ra bb i n a med E sd ra s E d ga rd us
, ,
re ma rk a bl e s ucce s s
* .
s ieg e d b t h e S w e d es in 16 4 1 R a bb i J e h ud a h Leo
y .
p y i et i
r a ers for th eir s ucce s s ; a n d a p p e a re d to a s crib e
p y
th e p res erv a t i on of th e c ity to th e ir p e tition s a n d
merit
I n H un ga ry th e J e ws e nj oy e d th e p rivil eg e of
fa rmi ng th e rev en ue s till F er d in a n d I I d ep rive d .
th e m of it b y a n e d ict in 16 30 T h ey n otwith .
s ta n d in g f o u n d m e a n s t o e l u d e t h is d ec ree s in ce ,
B i h p K idd wh
s o e r, o corres
p o d d w ithnh im e y th t h h , sa s, a e as
b e
e n an i
ns rt u men to f t i g
co nv e r m n J w i
ore l d i g
e ms, y b binc u n an ra ns ,
t h na h
a ve p e h
r a s e ve r
p b t d
ee n conve r e by ny o n p s ai th w l de e r on n e or
i
s nce th
e a e o
g f m i l
rac es.
”
w h ic h c on d e mn ed th os e to th e l os s of th e ir p l a ce s ,
th e y ea r 16 5 0 th e J e w s w ea ried a nd p e rp l ex e d by
, ,
w h e th e r th e M es s ia h w a s a l r ea dy come The , .
l a in of Ag e d a a b ou t th irt l ea g ue s from B ud a
p y , ,
wa s s el ec te d for th e a ss e mbl y T h is p l a ce w a s .
ch os e n on a ccoun t of th e w a r b e tw ee n th e T u rk s
o f L e v i w a s ch os e n th e ir res id e n t a n d s e a k e r +
, p p .
M ode rn Univers al Hi ts or
y , v ol . xiii .
p 42 7
. .
in H u ngary l
w as p ub ish ed in th e t nix, ll
or a co e cti on of sca rce
an d l
v a ua b e l ‘
p a pers , in An acco un t of th is as se mbl y is l
a so
s up p ose d to h a v e bee n
g
pers on of re a t ea rnin l g , a n d v e ry c on v e rsa n t i n eb re w l i te ra ture , H
and
p roba b y ived much with th e ews , h is me nti onin o f it is a
l l J g
c ire m
u s ta nc e in fav ou r of its cred ibi ity It i s a so cons ider ed as a n l . l
th e ntic by Dr O wen, in h is Essa y on m y Mr I g W
”
. a e orsh ip 3 a nd b . .
.
z2
W
340 HISTO RY or THE J a ws .
p r o v e th e m se l v es of J e w is h o rig in th e p re s id e nt ,
c on v e ne d in th is p l ac e to e xa min e w h e th e r th e M es
cl in e d to b e l ie ve th a t h e h a d a l rea dy come s in ce th e ,
s e r ies of a g e s c ould n ot b e ow in g to th e ir id ol a tr
y ,
h a d n ot a p p ea re d a n d th a t h is d el ay was ow in g to
,
th e ir s in s a n d imp e n ite nc e .
at
e
T h ey n ext ma n n er th e ir l on g
d eb a te d in w h a t
e x e c te d d eli v e re r w oul d ma n ife s t h ims e lf ; a n d rea
p
d ily a g ree d th a t h e w oul d a p pe a r a s a mig h ty con
,
g p
M es s ia h J es us of N a z a re th T h e P h a ris ees w h o
W
.
, ,
ov e rrul e d th e as se mb l y a n s w e re d th a t h e could , ,
Ri h d f Oxf d
c ar s o d l t l y by M h it k
or , i hi
an Di
a e tat i r. a er n s sse r on
on P ph y It i m ti d i D J ti R m k E l i
ro ec
”
. s en o ne n r. or n s
’
e ar s on cc es as
ti l H i t y
ca d
s or l m ,
d d d iti
secon vo ua d i th
e, an secon e on , n n o er
l
ea rn ed wo k o th thr h d the
s. u ti e i p o
o er d an , na rr a ve s r n o u nce
f b l
a by M
u ou s B I l d h i th ity h th g t
e na ss es en sra e , an s au or as e rea e r
w ig h t be
e ,
t th t im
ca use , a f th p bl i ti i q
e v ery ti h e o e u ca on n ues on , e
w as n go i ti g w ith C
e c a mw ll f th n t f hi b g
ro h e Th or e re urn o s re
‘
l efl e
E gl i h J w l t t th
n s e s a so t f th i rea il f b ul ; a d
e accou n o s co u nc as a o us n
re s e nce of s o m m nk s d e terre d th e m a nd
p an
y o ,
A D
. . A b out th is pe riod th e J e ws ha d
a cq u ire d s uch a n a sce n d en c a t V ie nn a t h t b bi
y a ra ,
a n d l e a rnin g a mon g h is b re th re n H e e n d ow e d th e .
th e d ea th of th e e mp re ss in 16 7 3 w h o h a d s ii p er
, ,
h on ou r . But th e p op ul a ce w h o en v ie d th e op u ,
-
l e n ce th ey a cq uired u n d er th e gov e rn me n t u s e d ,
i n a w a r w ith th e T urk s th ey a s s is te d th e Ma h o ,
meta n s in ma in ta in in g th e s ie ge of B ud a a n d d is tin ,
u is h e d th e ms e lv es b y th e ir v a l our B ut thou gh
g .
M d o e rn Unive r . Hi t s . v ol .xiii. p . 2 2 2 .
1 M ode
'
rn Unive r His t. . vol . xiii. p . 4 3 1.
m ro s
'
nv cr e me s a ws . 343
e mp i re ,
h ey
t cou ld n ot j us tl y b e c on d e mn ed for
‘
the ir fide lity to th e ir sove re ign fi
Duri n g th e s even tee nth ce n tury th e J ew s w ere .
, ,
me rl y th ey h a d a sy n a gogu e a n d a ca d e my a t Augs
.
h y th e rich me rch a n ts of th e p l a ce
. But th ey h a v e .
s ince b e e n e xp e ll e d a n d ob l ig e d to urch a se th e
p
,
h is a nce stors w i th h a v in g th e n a me of J eh ov a h ia
,
s crib e d ou th e to o f th e ir s n a g og ue from a
p y .
,
conv in ce d th e m of th e v a n it o f t h is id ea w h en
y ,
to a l l ma nn er of r id icul e a n d e m l o e d in th e mos t
p y ,
B g ,p 7 3 6
asna e . 1 Ib id . 3 I bid p 73 1; .
,
. .
344 msr oa r or THE JEWS .
s
p a c ious, a nd irreg ul a r , whi e l th e ir h ous es we re
se
p a ra te d ba ck a nd fron t from th e oth e r citiz e ns b y
h ig h w a ll E very e ve n in g a b out te n or e l e ve n ‘
an .
, ,
b oth d of th e s tree t w e re s h ut u a nd n o J ew
’
en s
p , ,
T h e i n tol e ra b l e h a rd s h ip s w h ic h th is p e rsecuted
l e e n d ure d in forme r time s w ould h a v e b e e n
‘
e
p p o
a b ol is h e d b ut th e r ich J e w s fi n d in g th e a ss is ta n ce ,
of th e ir p oor b re th re n h ig h l y b e n e fi c ia l to th e m in
a ga in s t a n c h a n g e ; e v e n th ou gh it w oul d b e a dva n
y
ta ge ous to th e ms e l ve s * .
3
T h e J e w s in P ra g ue we re s o nu me rous in th e
s e v e n te e n th c e n tu r a s to fill a th ird a rt of th e
y p
c it B ut th oug h a ll ow e d a tol e ra tion th e w ere
y .
, y ,
h a te d a n d d e s p is e d b y th e C h ris ti a n s a n d re ma in ed
o o r a n d mise ra bl e ofte n e xp os e d to in s ul ts a nd
p , ,
ob l ig e d to s u b mit to th e mos t d e g ra d in g e mp l oy i
th a t in 17 80 th e re w e re n in e or te n th ousa n d of th e
I s ra el ite s in the c ity T h ey w e re re ma rk a bl y in d us
.
trions a n d in a l mos t e v e ry in n th e re is a J e w w h o
,
erforms th e b us in e s s of a se rv a n t T h ey a re
p
.
th e p a rt of th e tow n a m
pp p ria te d to th e m, w
ca lle d th e J e w s city : ’
S e v e ra l l ea rn ed J e ws in P ol a n d a n d G e rma ny .
bee n c on v e r te d to C h r is ti
'
h a v e a t d ifle re nt p e riod s
, ,
S t lb g T
o er
’
s l
ra v e s , v ol . : 1. p 36 6 . . t Basna ge , p 7 36 . .
t Ries beck
’
s T ra vels , v ol i p 42 1
. . . .
W
34 6 HISTO RY or wa s JEWS .
ch a p te r of I s a ia h a n d b a tiz e d a t
, p ra tis l a w In .
w ith th is titl e ,
T h e C h ris tia n D octrin e bu ilt up on
M os es a n d th e Prop h e ts fl A n oth er l ea rned «Ger
,
“
, , ,
C H AP T E R XXV I .
S ta te of th e J e ws I l
in ta y d u rin g th e s ixteen th ce ntury .
-
J nl ius I II .
l
E ias Lev ita —P u l I V pe rsec ut
. a . es th e J ews , b ut is p re ve nted from
b an i hi g th e m o
s n f l se cu n a a ac sa tion .— P iu s V
iss ues an e d ict
.
a g a inst th e m .
—Sixtus V . trea ts th e m w ith mo re i nd u lg en ce , bu t
Cl e me nt V III . con r fi ms th e ed ic t of P ius — Th Jew
. e s a re to l era ted
s ta te in th e ei gh teenth ce ntur
y
— C ha rl es , k in
. g f N pl o a es , iss ues
“
an edict in the ir fa vou r .
A D . I N a foregoing ch a p ter we h a v e
.
’
of th e G e ma ra h a d a d a n g erous te n de n c com
y ,
w a s born in Fra n ce b ut up on fi n d in g J e w is h
l ear nin g in a more fl ourish in g sta t e a t R ome h e :
.
‘ , ,
y p .
S C h p XX ee 1B g p 735a . .
‘’
asna e, . .
348 HISTO RY or THE JEWS .
p l
ros e
y te s B ut h is d e s ertin g th e s na g og ue ba d
.
y
re n d e re d h im s o od ious to th e forme r th a t u p on , ,
A mong th e l ea rn ed J e ws w h o a p p ea re d in th e
s ixte e n th c e n tur
y 1 E li a s L ,e v ita cl a im s th e
p re e m i -
n e n ce a n d w a s on e of th e mos t ce l eb ra te d w rite rs
,
I ta ly . A n a rd e n t d e s ire to a c q uire k n ow l e d g e in
'
E l ia s h a v in g l os t a l l h e p os ses se d in P a d ua w h e n
, .
th a t c it w a s ta k e n a n d l un d e re d orte d h im
y p su
pp ,
Bul unge , p . 72 3 .
“
of th e O l d T e s ta me n t a s w e ll a s th os e of th e N ew
A D
. . Pa ul I V wa s th e a v owe d e ne my
.
of th e J e w s a n d is s ue d se v e ra l s e v e re e d icts a ga in s t
,
u on b e in g e x orcise d a ccu s e d th e ir u n b e l ie v in g
p ,
s courg in g c on fes s e d th a t th e h a d b ee n p e rs ua d e d
, y
to a c t th is p a rt b y s ome c ourt iers w h o h op e d to ,
h a v e e n r ich e d th e ms e l v e s w ith th e p l un d e r of th is
d e v ote d ra ce w h e th er th ey we re b a n is h e d or ma s
,
s
C h pm E bi p 5 37
a an s
’
use us , . l B .
ge p 7 2 3
''
asna , . .
H I ST O RY or T HE JEWS . 35 1
A D . . H is s ucces s or S ix t us V fra n kl y .
a n d b e in g a ma n of l ea rn in g a n d a dd re ss d e d ica te d
B e
g p 7
a s na2 3 M od U ,
i l.H i t. l xiii p 32 7
e rn n ve rs a s . vo . . . .
3 52 HISTO RY or ra n JEWS .
n ot on ly g ra n te d h is re q ue s t ,
but re v ok e d a l l th e
b ull s a n d ed icts of h is p red eces sors to the con tra ry ,
s o fa r a s to a dd Av ig n on to th e c itie s of re fug e ,
s e rv ice s w h ic h th e
y p e rfo r me d i n t h e w a rs a ga in s t
th e T u rk s p a rticul a rl
y a t th e s ie ge of C a n d ia
,
.
3 B mb g p i t d
.
o er l H b w B ibl i f l i d q t t
r n e se ve ra e re es n o o an ua r o a
V i m t f wh i h w
e n ce , os t m d b th by th J w
o c d C h i ti n
e re e s e e e o e e s an r s a s.
And th us , as th e J ew s b o rro w ed th e d i v is io n of th e bo ok s of th e
H ly S
o c rip t u re s into ch a
p te rs from th e Ch r is tia ns , th e Ch ris tia ns
th e ti me of h is a p p eara n ce must be a ll ow ed to be
a l rea d s t ; b ut w h e th e r J e sus of N a za reth be
y p a
s i on u on ra bb i S a mue l a n d h is b roth e r J os ep h
p ,
W
J uda i s m A fe w month s a fte r u p on recon s id e rin g
.
,
i
”
w ork in I ta l ia n en titl e d Th e of F a ith n
,
a
y , ,
order to r ov to h i b th th a t th e w e re no
p e s re re n y ,
T he J ew s so h ig h l y v en e ra te th is sc ie nce th a t th ey ,
W
Th e sy nag og ues of Modena as we l l as th os e of ,
2.
Ch pmaan s Eusebius
’
p 5 49 In a p reface to
, . . this $bl i
u
v Ba snage, p 7 9 5 . .
ms ronr
y -O
'
on THE JEWS .
st
y l ed , T h e J udg men ts of S a muel , w h ich is a c ol
d e M ode na w as al s o a ma n of l ea rn ing b ut a p ro ,
cel e b rit
y by h is w ritin gs ; h is T rea tis e on th e
h ig h ly cel eb ra te d by th e l ea rn e d of a ll n a tion s He .
in th is w ork H e d ie d a t V e n ice in th e y ea r 16 5 4
.
,
a ss e mbl w h ere h e m a d e h is re ca n t ti S
y a on oon .
a fte r,
h e was ba p tiz ed by th is p on tiff a n d beca me ,
1585 .
ra bb ies in th e 17 th ce n tur
y A m o n g oth er l ea rned .
w o rk s h e cb mp os ed a b ook of ra e rs a n d m d
'
p y e i
ta tions in w h ich th e re is a e titi f h i i
, p o
t n or
p y s c a ns
1 A ‘
smal l ancien t city in ta yI l .
A A 2
35 6 HISTO RY or TH E JEWS .
e ffi ca cy of th e
The J e w s of P a d ua rece ive d th e titl e of d octors
of h s i c d w th o iz d to t i e t h
p y a n , e re a u r e
p rac
, s e
e ig h t h und re d of th is n a tion a t Pa d ua w h o p os ,
se sse d th ree sy na g og ue s T h ey h a d a ve ry ha nd .
‘
“
s cri tion o v er on e of th e ga te s b e ins wi th th ese
p g
w ord s , th a t th e p eop l e h eirs to th e ki n gd om of
, ,
.
a re d is in h erite d j T h e re w a s al s o a n a ca d e my in
.
’
th is c ity of w h ic h th e c el e b ra ted ra b bi Me ir wa s
,
.
th e y ea r w h ich ha v e s in ce be e n p ub l is he d by h is
,
s on ; h e d ied in th e y ea r 16 05 Ra bb i J u das .
ca abb l is t i ca l w o rk , en titl e d , T h e T h r on e s o f th e .
t Beza nge , p 7 95
. . M od e rn Uh iverl al History , vol . xi ii p 4 06
. . .
35 8 H I TO S RY or THE JEW S .
M ess i a h He w a s d
l g
or e re d p i l ly
a rt cu a r to en a r e
on th e m
.
e n d ea v ou re d to re me d th is a b u se H roh ib ite d
*
e
y p .
Th i s
pontifi
'
ob l ig d
th e p reach er to mak e a p ra y e r to G od , but
e
mmon
i
in R m T
o e) h ey h a d l
a s o a n a ca d e my in t h i s c it
y,
a nd a
pp ea re d to a ss u me
k in d of s up e riority ov e r
a
d ec is ion s s l
A D At th is p e riod C h a rl es k ing of
‘
. .
, ,
p er m itti n
g t h e m to r e tu r n a n d re s id e in th e ,
a rts th e l d d th w h o h a d s tud ie d th e
p y p e as e ; a n o s e
s o h on oura bl e to th os e w h o fra me d
"
ca us e d l a w s ,
th e m a n d s o consol in g to th e H e b re w p eop l e to b e
, ,
re v ok e d
:
Gi b s o rne onth C h i ti R l ig i
e rs an e on.
1 M d
'
o ern U i H i t l xiii p 4 08
n v e r. s . vo . . . .
1 G g i
re o re s E
’
y o th e R f
ss ao m t
ni f th J w e p 16r9 a on o e e s, . .
360 msr onr or THE JEWS .
w arr e n xxvn : .
—Oi th
.
l
P ortuga — Account of robio, a ce
. O l b t d S p i h J w —Of th
e ra e an s e e
ty
se v eri of th e Sp a nish government — Th e Spa ni h s and P ortuguese
Je ws c ai l m th e ir desce nt from th e tribe of J uda h , a nd refuse to
re re se n t e d to th is mo na rch th at th h d
p e
y a c on ,
th e y e n ga g ed to p rese nt h im e ig h t h u nd re d th ou
sa n d crow n s of ol d x l
g
C ha rl es w a s at fi rs t d is p ose d to re tu rn a fa v ou ra bl e
a n s w er to th e ir p etition , b ut ca rd ina l X ime n e s e x
e rted a l l h is in fl ue n ce to d is s ua d e th e k in g from p e r
w hich th e J e w s offe re d h im ,
for th e l ibe r ty of con
S C h pte x iii
ee a r v . t Basna ge .
362 ms r oa v
'
or r u n JEWS .
Th e j
re ect on i of th is of
fer fill ed th e m w i th te
na me k in g
of th e of S a in , th a t, if th e
p y w ould
th e p a l a ce a n d se v e ra l h ous e s in th e ci t a nd
, y
s ub u rb s in ord er th a t w h ile th e p eop l e w ere
,
re tors m ig h t fly to th e p a l a ce a n d a ssa ss in a te th e
k in g T h e g ra n d in qu is itor w a s a l so e n ga ged
.
in th is p l ot a ga in s t th e g ov e rn me n t a n d th is wa s , ,
h ow e v er w a s n ot e ffected
, Ba eze a rich J e w is h .
,
cri me w e re s e v e rel y p u n is h e d s f
V tot Re l ti
er
’
s f P t g l p 82
vo u ons o or u a , . .
t T h gh th J w hou b e d f t eas o
e s and om othe
a ve ee n acc use o r n, s e r
i st
n ances s imil t th t f th aro pi o
y g iat th h ou
o f B e c ns rac a a ns e se o ra
g z h
an a b av e
p d th g ee n t p rt f th ese
rov e c , ti w e re a e r a o ac usa on s e re ,
sa y s a l t th th h ild of impo t ; d th
a e au or, e c the ren s u re an e re a re o r
a ne c d te o f s o t y t I 17 4 9 M l t w
a con ra r ved by
na u re. J w n , a a as sa a e
f m f mid bl
ro a or pi y a Th T k i h l
e cons h d mbi ed to
rac . e ur s s a ves a co n
d t y th wh l
es ro e d f k igh t i th i l d ;
o e or er o d y l h d
n s n e s an an ev er s ave a
t k
a en a l m th t p t h i m t t d th Th i tre h o
so e n oa o u s a s er o ea . s a c e r us
d es i g
n w as d isco v e red by a J ew wh o k e p t the
'
stood th e T urk is h l g g
an u a e , a nd h a v in g ove rhea rd d isco urses wh ich
h e th o u h t g s uspicious , went immed ia te y l a nd infor med th e gra nd
HISTO RY OF TH E JEWS .
of th e ir b reth re n w h ich h a s ca us e d th e m to be
.
d C th l i b t i w dl J w s ; th e h a ve
’
g oo a o c s u n a r e y
y ,
a b oun d e d in v a ri ous
r a n k s a nd
p ro fe ss i ons a nd ,
W
h a ve n ot h es ita t e d to fill th e most sacred d e p a rtmen ts
B ry done s Tou r , p 16 3
’
. .
Ve rtot s Re vo
’
l u tio ns in Po r tu a gl .
t S o u th e y s
’
Le tte rs from S pa in a nd P o tuga l
r , v ol . i p 112
. . . Mur
b
p y
'
s T ra l ve s in Po rl uga l .
36 4 msr on r or THE s s .
sus e cte d H e n ce it h as b ee n sa id
‘
p . that w he n
.
,
-
d on th e te stimon y ef
'
a n d a re a rti cul a rl o o d
p y re r e ~
.
r
Ba l m
.
a sa r O r ob io, !a c e le b ra te d S a n ish J e w w h o
p
w a s ca refull y e d uca te d i n th e re l igion of h is a n
c es tors b h i n ts w h ss um d th m s k of
y s
p a re o a e e a ,
ui s h e d for h is ta l e n ts a nd l e a rnin g ; a n d h a v in g
g ,
s tu die d th e s ch ol as tic
p h il os o h
p y a s it m s ta ug h t in
' ‘
J uda is m w a s s u dd e nl y s e ize d a n d
'
, s
S w in h u m s
‘
Tr a ve sl to Sp a in , v ol . i .
p . Th ose J ews w ho,
in Sp ia n and P o rtu a gl , h a ve bee n co mpe lled to p rofess C hri ti
s ani ty ,
ar e ty l d
s e new C h i tir s ans .
”
t Bio gr a
ph ica l Di tio c na ry , v ol . 11. p 34 3
. .
366 H I S TO R Y or T HE JEWS .
ma n g ion in w h ich h e
w as e d uca ted s ince it is , to a tta ck th e
O p in ion s of oth ers t ha n (1 our ow n ,He .
"
w h ich took p l a ce 16 87
'
, ,
n ica n s a n d J e s ui ts ca m
,
e a n nua ll
y to th e sy n a g og ue
,
l a tion xl ‘
A l a te a ut or h in forms
t Ca th ol ic cl ergy us, th a a
ma n wh o h a d recently qu itted S pa in after a res i
, ,
a nd th a t th e ca ta in of a a cq ue t w ith w h om h e
p p ,
“
, ,
w e re J e w s th oug h th ey h a d liv e d l on g in S p a in
,
J
t Th e e ws a re s a id to h a ve bee n nu merous in th e Span is h and
P ort u u ese monas te ries and n n n ne ries ; and th a t many o f th e p riests ,
g '
v er s al H is tory , v ol . xiii. p 85 7 . . 1
n rs ronr
'
or r a n JEWS . 3 67
E ve n as l a te
l of th e e igh tee nth
as th e c os e .
ce ntu ry on be l ie v e d to b e a J e w w h e th er
an
y p ers
, ,
h e h a d p rev iousl y a p p ea re d a s a Ca th ol ic or n ot ,
.
,
H is maj es ty
'
a ga in st th e J e w s J ul y 2 2 1800 , , .
motive of th e ir j ourn ey a nd w h e th er th ey be d es i
r ous or n ot of m a k in g a n
y s ta
y i n th e k in gd om .
a n d to e x p el a ll w h o m a
y b e d iscov ere d in it For .
a l on g t im e th e l a w s of th is monarch
y h a v e for
T he S p a n ish a n d P ortuguese J e ws }: cl a im th e ir
de sce n t from th e tribe of J uda h ; a n d found tbe se '
Gi b th C h i ti
s o rne on R l igi p 110
e r s an e on, . .
I It i id that i
s sa bo t 17 5 5 wh t ib l
n a th q uaku i
' ’
, , en a err e ea r e n
L i bon destroy ed
s th irty th ousa nd of th e inh a bitants , th e P ortu guese
be ie ved th at th e mercy of God mi h t be obtained by
l g b urni g some n
1 It a
ppears th a t th e Jw e s h a ve n o a ccura te ded uction of their
d escent or gd iea l ogy th ey s u ppose tha t th ey are in gene ra of th e
‘
l
tribe of uda h and Ben a min , wi th som
J e am j
ong th e m of th ej ribe of
. .
W
368 H I ST O RY OF THE J e ws .
ca p t iv ity I n con s e q ue n ce of th is s up p os e d S
.
riority th ey
,
till v e ry l a tel y w ould n ot by ma rria ge
, ,
oth er n a tions T h ey h ad ‘ ‘
. es
a n d if a Port ug ue s e J e w e v en in or ,
.
y
'
a rel a tion .
a n d s h ow and
In P ortuga l th e n a me of a J e w is a te rm of s uch
'
sa r
y to e na ct a l a w w h ic h forb a d e a n y p e rs on tb ,
ca ll a no th e r b
-
y th at a
pp e ll a tion If a m a n wh o is .
'
s t l e d a J e w to h is fa ce sta bs th e oii e n der th e l a w
y ,
W W
d oes n ot con d e mn h im; a nd tr ifling as th is regu -
' m
t i
l a on a
y a pp ea r it h ”
a s
p ro d uc ed b e n efi ci a l
W W
W
,
'
e ife cts fi
'
1' U tin.
W
G re , whoJ th is fact; infor ’
qf
'
.
' '
1 Letters of certain J ewr to V lt ire
o a
p. 2 3
mm
.
,
of the J e ws ,
p 52.
C H A P T E R X X V I II .
Acco u n t o f th e J n ine H ll
’
sd — Od f th G m J w d l d !
o an e o e er an e s e u e
his bre th w
re ni th t h p m i f
e M i
ro h — T h y ct c d m
se o i a es s a e e re a a e cs
an d ys g g
na o t Am t d mmf A
u es a t fM
s er a B I l -
h a cc o u n o e na sses en s rae ,
d l th Er l d bb i wh fl i h d i H ll d d i g
‘
an se v e ra o e a rne ra es , o our s e n o an , ur n
th t
e se ve n ee n th t y — O f th i
ce n u r t t t l t p id e r s a e a a a er er o .
l on g a ii ord e d th e J e ws a fa
'
H O L LA N D h a s
v ourite a s l u m ; a n d th e l e n it of th e g ov e rn men t
y y ,
e na b l e d th e m to a ccu mul a te w e al th .
o th e r a rt of th e w orld ‘ P a rt of th e J e w s e mi
p .
s ub s is te d b etw e e n th e mxl
'
G e rma n J e w s ca me to A msterd a m in b rd e r to
, ,
th e c ity w ith th e h op es of a M e ss ia h w h om h e
, ,
re te n d e d to h a v e s e e n a t S tra s b u rg w h e n h e w a s
p
on l y fourtee n y e a rs ol d H e a ffi rme d h im to b e .
Bas n age , p 7 3 8 . .
th e C ath ol ic , th ey l d
s e tt e G e rma ny
in Z e igh l e r .
a ss er te d th a t , he res e rv e d a d ia d e m a n d s w ord to
pres e n t to th e M ess ia h ,
w h e n h e s h oul d b e of a ge
to a sse rt h is d ig n it a n d a e a r in a r m s H e was
y pp .
?
g iou s c on trov e rs ies T h o s e w h .o ga ve c re d it to th e
T h e fi rs t a ss e mbl y of J e ws in A ms terd a m e x ci te d ,
b ut H e b re w b ook s a n d a cop y of th e M os a ic l a w
, .
rea d il y p romis e d fi
"
e
y y y ev e
l
, ,
’
to th e d estruct i on of J e ru sa l e m H e w a s s ucce e d e d .
Basnage , p 7 89 . .
B B 2
3 72 n rs r onv or THE JEWS .
r e ti re d T h is s ch is m l a s te d a b out tw en ty y e ars
. . ,
a nd th e d is p u te s b e tw e e n th e tw o p artie s w e re con
d uc te d w ith re a t an imos ity ; But, in 1639, the s e
g
d iv is ion s w e re ter mina ted ,
a nd th e th ree s
y na gogu es
u n ite d in on e f '
E
T he J ews of A ms te rd a m fou nd e d
d e mies a s a ca
w ell a S s y na gogu e s a n d on e of th e m ca ll e d; T he
'
'
, ,
g ove rn ed by so me of th e mos t l ea rn e d me n of th e
n a tion T h e ir fl ouris h in g s ta te in H oll a n d d urin g
.
y ea r 16 73 +
M a n y cel eb ra te d ra bb ie s h a ve fl ouris h ed in H ol
l a nd a mon g w h om M e na ss es Ben I sra el wa s e mi
,
*
u e n tl d is tin g uis h e d T h is grea t ma n w a s b orn in
y .
H eb re w l a n g ua ge b y ra b bi Uz iel a n d ma d e s uch ,
r a id r o g re s s i n th is a n d oth e r b ra n ch es of k n ow
p p
l edge th a t a fter h is tutor s d ea th h e w a s ch ose n to
,
’
w h e n h e wa s on l e igh tee n ea rs ol d A t th
y y e a
g e .
of fifte e n h e b e a n to re a ch d h i d i s at
g p a n s s c ou rse ,
th a t , w h e n onl y tw e n ty h e p u bl is h e d th e fi rs t
,
p a r t o f h is C o n cil ia to r
i o n t h e P e n ta t e u c h in ,
,
l
Ba s n a ge , p 7 89 . . f Ibid .
me n of th e ga e , as othe rs;
T h e H op e of I s ra el he
”
h is p rod ucti on s s ty l ed , , ,
a tte m e , th a t th e A me ri ca n na tiv e s a
te d to ro v r e 1
p p
‘
a n d E n gl is h ; a n d p a rt of t h e m in D utc h a n d
G e rma n .
L isb on in th e y ea r 15 7 5 H is p a re n ts w h o a s s umed .
,
.
y p o,
s op h y a nd me d ic in e a t S a l a ma nca a nd C oimb ra .
‘
p yh s io a t L is b on till H e a c q u ired gr e a t ce l e
Bi h p H t l
s o d R manC th l i d i i
ue , a e a rn e b o D a o c v ne , o se rve s , a
i g my t y i H ll d l w
r n s a i d e
n d t o i it M
an Bas I ael
n uc o v s e na ss e s en sr ,
a ve r
y l d J w k
ea rne w t m by h i e ,
p t t
noi nd h io w iti ge s re u a on a n s r n s,
'
e d ition of t he H eb re w Bi bl e
i
w h ic h w as r e p rin te d
'
n :
,
‘
U riel Ac ost a w a s bor n in P ortuga l , tow a rd s !th e
cl ose of th e H
s ixte en th c e n tur
i a re n ts w e re o f
y s
p .
.
, y p r n c p es n i
th e ch u rch h is a ss id u ity in e xp l a in in g th e e v a n ge
,
, ,
)
Md Ui
o e rn l H i t y l xii i p 487 1 i bid
n v e rsa s or , vo . . . .
' ’
.
HISTO RY O F THE JEWS .
c re e d of th e con fe ss ors
. Bu t s till h is d is tress i n . .
i
n ie s f
"
a
go
a v e u h on oura bl e a n d ofi ta bl e e m l o me n t
g p a n p r p y ,
l eft a n e l e ga n t h ouse w h i ch h is fa th er h a d b u il t .
of U ri el 1 .
‘
1 De Rossie 8 Hebre w ’
Bi
ogra p h y . 1
37 8 a rs roa r
'
or THE JEWS .
ever th in g as th d irec te d It w h ow e v er
y e
y as . , ,
Acosta
’
s Account of h is L ife.
f
1'
Th e re a re tw o de grees of exco mmunica tion a mong the Jews ;
th e l esse r w h i c h on y l l
e xc u des a
pe rso n from s ome
p a rt ic ul a r soc ie ty .
*
se
a s n a g og ue full of e o le a s se mbl e d to s e e h is
y p p ,
1 6 4 7 ) l e a v in g a m i h g v
( p f hi
'
a n u s cr t w c a e a n s e
-
w a s b orn in A ms terd a m 16 32 b ut h is fa th e r w a s
,
It p p as p i i g th t A t d id
ea rs ur r s n t i mp l th p t ti
a cos a no ore e ro e c on
o f th m g i t t
e af Am t d m t g
s ra es o d h im f m th
s er a i l ,
f o ua r ro e v o e n ce o
hi s nati B th w
on.
pp hu i e th t th
as aC h i ti rew l d
ens ve tb a e r s a ns ou no e
m ore f bl t h im th
a v ou ra th J w
e o d l i d p th p mi
an e e s, an re e u on e ro se
l his toir e d es J
’
v ir a
mentioned pa rticul a r s
a re
t Th e
tak en
ab o ve
e
o
ar
l
t h e ife of Acosta
H uma nm V ita e,
”
by Limborch .
380
ori
H I STO R Y
n a ti e of
on T HE JE W S .
. s -
J
y e a rs to th e stu d
y o f th e o l o g y b u t b e g a n v e r
y ,e a rl y
'
re s tra in t it w ould im os e u on h im H e a l s o re fu s e d
p p .
ch e rous l a tta ck e d a n d w ou n d e d b a J e w a s h e wa s
y y ,
b ut h e b el ie v e d th e a s sa ss in d es ig ne d to murd er h im .
on l e n t h ims e lf to h e C h u rch es of h
'
n ot w t t e
y
Lu th e ra ns a n d Ca lv in is ts b ut freq ue ntl y e xh orted ,
B g p
a sna 7 4 1e, E n y .l ped i o.l x ii p
c c o 6 9 3 a, v . v . . .
382 ms ronv '
or THE JEWS .
n ers ,
i t ll t f G d ; th t th
n e ec o o m l i th i g b t t h id f
a e sa e sou s no n u e ea o an
h m b dy
u an oth t th i id
; af th b dy s d th b d y it l f
ea o e o an e o se a re o ne
an d th ~
em th i g th t G d
sa e n l d t xi t
; a b o i dco u no e s , or e co nce v e ,
w e re th i ibl
e v s i ih il t d d th
e un v e rs e a nn f th t th i ibl
a e an e re o re a e v s e
i
u n v e rs e i ith s e th m b t
er e sa tl t e su ti l tt ib te
s a nce . o r a ea s a n e s se n a a r u
M o nt l M
hy a
g zi
a ne , 1809 . C ’
a rr s Tou r to H oll a nd , 1806 .
H I STO RY or THE J EWS . 383
CH AP TE R XX I X .
Stil e Je ws m i xil ed f om E gl d th ee h
re a n e r n an r un d red a nd fifty y ea rs .
— C mw ll ro l t tt mp t th i t
e re s o ves o a e e r re u rn . -
M e na s ses Be n I s ra e l
re p i t E gl d i
a rs o d t l i it h imi
n an n or e r o so c n be h lf
a of h is b re th re n .
A nu mber of this p e op l
e, h o we ve r, re tu rn to E gl n a nd a nd a re
l
Anne , to ob ige the m to p rovid e for the ir ch il d re n if th e y s h ou d l
e mbra ce C
h ris tia nit — O f ose s a rcus , a conv e rted J e w
y . M A bi M .
-
ll
i s p a ss ed in th e re i n of Ge or e g g II
for th e i r na tu ra i a tio n ; b u t. lz
q
So on repe a e d , in con se u e n ce of th e p op u a r c a mou r — S ta te of
l l l .
B rita in ? ' 6
Life of C romw ll e .
3 84: H ISTORY or THE JEWS .
in n oce n t a p e op l e w ould h a p p il y b e re p ea l e d
, .
me gi li m C mwell a ccord in g
'
A na v en to a
p ar a e nt conv e ned by ro ,
w a s p a s s e d to s e ttl e th e m i n th e cou nt r N o t v
y e e n .
s o much a s a s in gl e ro cl m ti w m d e in th e ir
p a a on a s a
s u ms for a n e s ta b l is h m ent It is e v e n sa id t h a t th e
y.
,
w ith c on te mp t .
q u ir ie s h o
, we v e r w e re n ot c o n d ucte d w i th a ll th e
,
W
s ec rec s uch a s ch e m e req u ire d a n d th e rea l motiv e
y ,
W
l
th ird y , th a t th ey sh ou d l m a in ta in th e ir own
p oor — . i th erby
’
s Vin
dica ti on of the J ew s , p 4 . .
G re goire add u ca th e l if
e of C mwell
ro by G re go rio Leti as
”
a o of o f this fa ct e fi nd th e re , sa s he , a n a ccount of th e
p r .
y
d e p u ta tion of th e J e ws to th e p rotec tor , wh o , ins tea d of a ss uming th e
q u l ity
a of M ess ias , g
wa s ve ry a n r y a t th e ir re ues t
”
G regoi re s
’
q .
—
Bd or matson o
f the J ams , p 2 44
‘
E s sa y on the . .
ms r onv '
or r u n JEWS .
1
387
I s ra el a ga in a t th e ir h ea d a rriv e d in E n gla n d , .
c e n ce to se ttl e in th e k in gd om H e on l y con n iv e d .
C h a rl e s II ga in e d by b rib e s a n d in d iffere n t to
. ,
a nd , a s h e in trod uce d th e s a l e of p a te n ts of d e n i
e x e ll e d th e m a n d th ey a re con s id ere d a s a l ie ns in
p ,
th e ey e of th e l a w xl T h ey w e re n ot p ermitte d to
'
e xa s e ra te d h is s ubj ects
p r e m it te d th e a l ie n d,
u ty
a ll g ood s e x orte d in fa v ou r of th e J e w s
p .
T h is w a s u n iv ersa ll y re s en te d by th e E n glish me r
ch a n ts ,
w h o w e re ap p reh en s iv e th a t th e s a me d utie s
w ould a l s o b e re mitte d u p on imp orted g ood s Pe .
j y
o o f th e C h r is tia n m e rc h a n ts w a s s u e rs e d e d
p ,
D ur in g th e re ig n of q u een An n e a b ill w a s ‘
,
,
G en t e l
ma n s Ma ga zme’
, 1810 . l
'’
Bl a ck stone , vo l . iv .
p 37 2
. .
1 G e n e man s M a ga z ine
tl
’
, 1810 .
W h e n W ill ia m p rince , of O ra n g
w a s p rep a rin
e, to d e th rone g
J mes 11 h is fa the r in l a w
a .
- -
, S ch w a r tza u , a J e w of Ams te rd am, e nt l
h im a bo v e e ig h ty th ou san d p ound s s te r li g
n , ll g h im
te in , l fy ou a re
G r egoi r e s E ssay , p 42
’
. .
388 msr onr
'
or T HE JE S W .
3 tes ta n t ch ild re n
p as s e d
ligi ng ob th e J e ws to p rovi d e for th ei r Pro
.
V
I t a p p ea rs , th a t in 172 3 th e , ch urch of E n gl a n d
w a s d ee p l y inte rested i h is xtra
e
w h o re s id e d in th is city a n d we re in a ffl ue nt cir ,
v a n ta ge in th eir p ow er ; a n d b e w a s ca refull y .
in structe d in H eb re w C ha ld a ic a n d Ra bb in ica l , ,
l ea rn ing B ei ng s en t to H a mb u rg to comp l e te h is
.
fa th er wh o h a d b ee n on a v oy a ge to I n d ia returne d
, ,
c h a n ge w h i ch h a d ta k en p la ce in h is re l ig ious
se n ti me n ts H is fa th e r th rea te n e d h im w i th b e in g
.
h e ma d e h im th e mos t a ll uri n g a nd ma gn ifi ge n t
W
offe rs to in d uce h im n ot to d e s er t th e s y na gogu e .
c a ted h is work .
390 HIS T O RY on THE JEWS .
British s ub ects,
j th ey would con tra ct a w a rm a tta ch
me n t to th e E ngl ish const itution a n d coun try a n d ,
r
p p o er ty a n
, d s
p e n d th e i r i n co m e in t h e k in gd o m
a n d th a t con n ecte d a s th e w e re w ith th g rea t
,
y e
a ccord in g to th e p rop h e c ie s w e re to re m
, a i n w ith ou t
sa me p u r os e w a s re e n te d to th e h ous e s ub scrib e d
s
p p ,
sa fe d to i v e it th e roy a l sa n c tion s l
'
g
T h i s a ct w h ich d uring th e l a s t sess ion h a d tri
,
E ve ry p a rt of th e k ingd om re s ou n d e d w ith t e
roa ch es of th e min is tr w h o h a d e n force d s uch a n
p y ,
of p a rl ia me n t in structions w e re se n t to a l mos t a ll th e
,
S m l l t C ti f H m I bid
’
o e ti
s on n ua on o u e. .
2: Am g th l gy h w D T k t k d id d p t
‘
on e c er , o e ve r, ean uc er oo a ec e ar
i fn f th
a vo u r o t l iz ti f th J w d w t bl y d fence
e na u ra a on o e e s, a n ro e a in e
o f thi m s Th
e as u re .
pp t f th b ill t
e o t d h im w ith g
o ne n s o t e , rea e rea .
ru d d i l
e nes s a n t hi
v ru e nce on i H w t ly
s occas on . ly e as n o on se v ere
a tt k d i p mph l t
ac e n w p p
a e s, d m g zi
ne s ; b t th p
a
pl
e rs , a n a a ne s u e eo e
o f B i t l b
r s o t hi fligy d
u rn d i
s e i l t g th
resse with h i n ca no n ca s, o e er s
l tt b h lf f l iz tiom— P b h Ch v ol i
’
e e rs on t
e a o na ura t a u c a ra c ers , . .
p 140
. .
L ondon Ma ga z ine
5 .
3 92 msr onr or THE JEWS .
.
th e g re a te s t mis ch ie f w h ich ca n b e d on e to re li
,
s irit of
p p a rt
y T h.e b ill w a s h o w e v er r e ea l e d
, p ,
s e ss ion . T h e b is h ops h a d ge n e ra ll y a p p ea re d
sa tis fi e d w ith th e in d ulge n ce g ra n ted to th e J e w s
*
,
a n d th e a cq u ies ce d a l s o in th e re ea l of th e b ill
y p .
T h e p a rl ia me n tary l ea d e rs of th e p eop l e e n d ea ,
by th os e w h o re s e n te d th e z ea l a n d l oy a l ty w ith
h i h h k h l a te re b e ll ion
w c t e
y w e re n o w n t o opp o s e t e .
ii. p 386 ;
.
394
ma t i on a n d th at th ey could n ot a t a ny p eri od b oa s t
ms ronr '
or run JE S W .
“
,
of more l ea rn e d a nd e nl ig h te n e d ra bbi es th a n D r .
,
J e ws wh o h a v e a p p ea re d in E n gl a n d Da v id Le v i}: ,
a n d D Is ra el i§ a re e min e n tl y d is ti n gu is h e d
’
.
L
born in ond on, 17 6 2 , a t th e h ouse of h is fa th er irsc h H Le i wh o
v n,
wa s th a t p eriod
at ch ie f ra bbi in th e c ity . Some time afte r, h e
re moved to er in , B l a nd his son was ca ll ed to ofi ciate in London ,
1802 .
1 Dr
'
. M e nd o a , l th e p re s iding ra bbi of th e P ortu guese s
y na gogue ,
is a na tiv e of Leghorn .
1 The l
ce e bra te d a u th or of th Disse rta tions on th e P roph ecies ,
Account of th e C e re monies of th e J e ws , Tr l
a ns a tion o f the P e nta
sM J gin l y l if d is
'
. D Is rae l i, w h o is sa id to be of e w is h o ri , in ea r e .
c o v e re d a l l
tas te fo r po ite ite ra tu re , and is th e a u th or of a n u ber of m
lg a nt m h m id th C i iti f it t e a urie n, a p hi m L V
“
e e oe es e u r o o e ra u r
p , s ,
v ol p we
’
1.
Mum
. . .
I
'
s London P ol ice, p 2 0,
.
msr on r or THE JEWS . 395
Th e J e ws in y g a ll
o g ues th e ir
o n the i r s na
“
,
s a b ba th a n d s ol e m
da y s n fes tiv a ls e xh ib it th e ir
'
, ,
a ri t of th e ro a l fa mil y in G re a t B ri ta in A n d it
p y y .
th e m
“
, h a v e l a tely a dd res se d to th e i r b reth re n
a s tron g e x h orta ti on to ob ey th e l a ws ; n ot to ca rry
,
th e ir co mmun ity .
”
The J e ws in E ngl a n d ,
t b
con ri ute towa rds th e
p oor s
’
qual ly w ith th e oth er inh a bi ta n ts
ra te s , e .
th e n u mb er of th e ir oor h a v in g m u ch in c re as ed
p ,
to M r C ol q uh ou n a u th or of th e P ol ice of th e
.
,
, ,
, ,
W
~
Ad m R l ig i o l d Di p l y d l i p
’
a s e ous r s a e , vo . . .
396 msroa v O F THE JEW S .
E s q rs tw o e min e n t J ew is h merch a n ts
. .
M r C ol q uh ou n th e y a moun t to t w en ty six th ou
.
h a v e n ow fi ve s y na gogues in L on d on viz on e , .
a n d on e w h ich is a k in d of c h a el of eas e a t W e s t
p
min s ter or in th e S tra n d O f th ese th e ch ie f is
, .
,
r es id e as forme rl y in th e O ld J e wry I
,
.
pa r ti l
cu a r, h as bee n d esc ribed by Va n ven , as a ma n wh o is a n O
h onou r to g l
h is species in enera , and to h is n a tion in p a rticu a r
”
l .
fortune , wh ich e xpo sed h im to bank rup tcy ; in conse q ue nce o f w h ich
W
a nd dera n ed ; na
per iod to
p ut a
h is l if S
e, e pt. 2 3 , 1810, a ed g fifty th ree y ea rs .
— Commcr cia l N aga
a ia e,N ovembe r , 1810 .
t Lond on P o ice, p 2 l . 1
.
1 Ad
‘
am ’
s Re igious l or ld Di p l s ay ed , v ol . i p 79
. . .
398 msr onv '
on THE JEWS .
v l i
a re e a t on from G od T h e s ucce ss th a t a tte nd ed
.
this b e ne v ol e n t a tte mp t d o es n ot a p p ea r h ow e v e r
, , ,
to h a v e b een con s id e ra bl e l
.
ae
of te p h il im or a k in d of l ea th e r ba n d
,
to w h ich is ,
t ermina te d b y th e d iv is ion of u nh a p p y P ol a n d ,
th e S econd g ra n te d to th e I s ra el ite s d is p e rs e d
,
to a ca d e m ica l d e g re e s in t h e l a
y f a c u l tie s a n d a l s o ,
a s s uch ,
ei th e r for th e ir b r e t h re n o r f o r C h ris ti a n s
,
.
J w i h R p it
e s e os o ry , v ol . i p l
. . .
I Cox H i to y H
‘'
’
e s s r of th e o use of Austria , v ol . iii .
p 5 7
. 7 .
3
; G re g oire s Hi toire d es Sectes Rel igie uses
’
s , to m
. ii p 3 8
. . .
ms ronr '
or THE JEWS . 399
In J e w w a s a d mitted to th e d egree of
a
marry a secon d ,
a nd al l th e h
ot e rs w ere c on d e mn e d
It is b ut j us ti ce to th e J e ws to a ck now l edg e th a t ,
th e l ea rn in g a n d l ib e ra li ty of min d e x h ib i t ed b y
se v era l of th e i r n a tion u p on th e con tinen t ha v e ,
r ob a bl y p a v e d th e w a y for th e s te p s w h ich h a v e
p
be e n ta k e n in th eir fa v our A mon g th ose w h o .
a c it of A n h a l t i n U S a xon in 172 9 H
y pp e r
y e ,
.
M th ly M g zi 179 8
on a a ne , .
4 00
M endol soh n ,
msr onv or THE JE
b il ity of h is fra me th a t a t th e ea rl y a ge of te n
i
, ,
n a dd ition to th is mis
'
a v er c ul ia r n a ture I
y p e .
p o v e rt
y b e ,
in g obl ig e d to tra v e l on foot to B e rl in to
ci t s eve ra l e a rs i d ig e nt k w d fte
y y n , u n n o n a n o n , ,
w a n d erer w a s a t l e ng th
,
in v ited by a ra bb i to
,
ru d e n c e and th e s ch ol a s tic p h il os op h y of th e
p ,
J ew s fi "
r
A P ol is h me d I s rae l M os es w h o wa s d is
J ew na ,
d ea th of h is b el ov ed frie nd D r K is ch a J e w ish , .
,
p yh s icia n su
pp l i
,e d h im w ith b ook s a n d d e v ote d ,
so me p a rt of h is time to th e in s tr uction of a s tu d e n t,
Mo th l y M g zi 17 9 8 n a a ne, .
402 msr onr or r u n JEWS .
es sa y on meta p h y s ica l s ci e n ce
th e evid e n ce of th e .
wh ich h e a l wa y s h ad in v ie w O ne of h is p ub l i .
ca tion s s t l ed
y , T h e R itu a l of th e ,J e w s w a s ,
L ev in .
, ,
J e rusal e m in w h ich ,
”
h e J e ws
h a v e a l a w an d n ot a , d og mas
ca n n e v e r b e re v ea l e d ; a n d th a t th e on l y d octri ne
o f h is n a tion is th e re l ig ion of na tu re H is a d .
a d eg ree th a t i t is s up p os e d to h a v e occa s i on e d h is
,
a» Mo nth l y M g z ine
a a , 17 96 . In P russ ia , the ra bb i w as m
eat- e ai l!
na ry c h annel of th e ov ernment g
He was the ad udica to r o f d isp uted . j
tes ti monial p rope rty , and responsib e for the j ust pe rformance of h is l
offi ce . Th e i mpord a nt ch a rge th us d evo vi ng upon the chid rabbi in l
P russ ia, o cca s io ned a de mand on F
th e pa rt of rede rick l l . for th e
tra ns l a tion of the cod e of l a ws on
'
th at subj ect, w h ich was efi ected by
Hi rsc h Lev i n, fath e r of th e p resent p resid in ra bbi of th e G et
-
u g m
s
y na g o gue i n Im doa , in con unction with Mend ol soh n.— E ur op e
j m
M ac a r ch , 1811 .
t Zimmerma n on l
So itude .
gen ius an d se n s ibil ity a nd h is w h ol e l ife a ma ,
th re e y ea rs It h a s b ee n sa id of M e nd ol soh n th a t
. ,
w h ich a re u s ua ll y p a id to th e fi rs t ra bb ies .
h s icia n , w h o w a s b orn i n A n s p a ch a n d s e tt e l d in
p y
Berl in ,
was sa i d to b e th e
fi rs t na tura l ist of h is age .
th is c ity and
p
,
u b l is h ed w ork s on
p h il os o h
p y and
D D 2
4 01
d is tingui sh ed h im , w ho
s e lf h a w ork on l ite ra r s ubj e cts a n d th e d ra ma
y y .
Be n D a v id p re s id en t of th e s oc iety of th e frien d s
,
o f h u ma n it a t B e rl in a n d a uth o r of s e v e ra l p ro
y ,
T he re h a s b ee n of l a te a l ite ra ry j ourna l in
B erl in comp ose d in H e b re w by s ev era l in tel l igen t
,
J e w s in w h ich th e re v e ries of th e Ta l mu d a re
,
l a ng ua ge It is e di te d by Mr F ra n k el a n d Wolf
. .
,
M a n y i n te ll ige n t J ew s do n ot a p p rove of h a v in g
s e a ra te sch ool s e x cl us iv e l r o ria te d to th e
p y a
pp p
,
7 ch il d re n of th e ir ow n n a tion
of th e C h ris tian s b
y r
But th e p rej udi ce s
ej ec tin g th e m or a t l ea s t
.
7
c itie s in G e rma ny i n N ure mb e rg F urth '
as , ,
a n d S e e ze n p a r ticu l a rl,y fo r
p oo r c h ild re n T h ey .
h a v e b e e n a l mos t a l l e s ta bl is h e d a n d s up p orte d by
v ol unta ry con trib uti on s T h es e sch ool s w hich a re .
,
a rra ng e me n t of th e b u il d in g a n d th e a d min is
tra tion of th e e s ta bl ish me n t ma y s e rv e a s mod el s .
T h ey a re ta ug h t th e H eb re w La tin F rench a nd , , ,
n a tu ra l h is tor
y m ,
a th e m a ti cs t e ch n ol ogy ,& c , .
At S e e ze n th ey a dd to th e a b ov e th e G re ek
,
l o t o f g r o u n d a ll otte d to h im w h i ch h e is to cu l ti
p ,
'
com l ica te d
.
G regoire’
s Histoire des p . 3 86 .
p ro v id ed ,
S ch ottl ae nde r h a s d for the s tu
co mp il e
'
a n d G e ise n h e im er w h o is g on e to s t ud y th e me th od
,
s a id formerl th t t F kf t th C th l i h d
y a a, ra n or e a o c s a
th e ra n s th e p l a ces W ha t th en h a d th e J ew s ?
.
a ma nn e r , ha t
fi ne d in th e n a rrow p a th s of
t , con
the ramp ar ts th ey da re d n ot u n d e r e na l t of
,
p y ,
An in fa mous toll p l ac e d th e J ew s on th e l e v el of
cl ov e n foot e d a n ima l s
-
By th e e fforts of J a cobs on
.
p r i m a te o f G e r m a n
y se t th e e xa mp l e F r a n k fort ,
’
w ome n if u n ma rried a t th e a ge of t w e n ty fi ve a re
‘
-
, ,
s ubj e ct to th e s a me i m os ition T h e J e w s ar e
p .
n e m l o on l J ew i s h l a boure rs T h os e w ho a re
p y y .
O th m h f mp p t i ti m aft h i g f i h d th i b
e rs arc ro ure a r o s , er av n u rn s e e r su
WW
As P res id ent of th e I rae litish
s cons is tory , Il a bou r incessa nt y in l
cl earin g as fa r as l
poss ib e th e ch a os of ou r i nte rior constitu tion .
Some en lg i h tened ra bbies and secul ar me rhbe rs of the col ege , exert l
th e mse l me p ious work
ves in th ee a l rea d
sa
y see th e cou ntry .
h ope from tha t q ua rter for a more h a ppy and co ns ol ing futurity .
W
s na
Seeze n, pa rticul a r
y Iapp y my sel f to ed u calte i l
n i t ar tizans and
O n the easte rn pa rt of th e ed ifi ce
Bl essed is h e wh o co meth in th c na me of th e Lord .
O n th e south s ide :
same C reator 3 ”
On th e western pa rt
Heark en al so to a stra nger, wh o is not of thy peop e Israe , b ut l l
ll
com e froma d is ta nt coun try for the ove of th y na m l
”
sha e .
The north portico i s d ecora ted wi th two h a nds oined togeth er, j
inscr ibed w ith th ese words ;
My ho use sha ll be ll l ”
ca ed an house of p ra y er for all peop e.
s ev e ra l k i n gd o m s T .h e y w e r e f o rm e r l y e x c l u d ed
l ion s o f J e w s in th a t e m p ire o f w ,
h ic h n u m b e r ,
ab o u t fo u r h u n d re d t h o us a n d i n h a b it t h e R us s ia n
ro v in ce s o f P o l a n d I n 1 8 0 5 Al e x a n d e r e m p e r o r
p .
, ,
of R u s s ia
p u
,
bl is h e d a n Uk a s e w h ic h ,
a m o n g,
o th e r
p
v
ri i el g e s g,
ra n te d th e m t h e l ib e r ty o f e d u c a t in g
th e i r ch ild re n in a ny of th e s ch ool s a n d u n iv ers itie s
i n th e e p m i t h w ll o w d t o t b l ish
*
e er e a e e s a
r e o r y
sch ool s a t th e ir ow n e x p e n s e I n 1817 a n oth e r
.
,
,
,
p io u s c o m m e n ta ries u on th e te x t
p o nc e in th e ir
,
ta me n t b eg in w i th J osh ua a n d e v e n th e
, most
a nc ien t d id n ot con ta i n th e P e n ta teuch T h a t p a rt
.
of th e B ibl e w a s k e p t a p a rt b ut on l y in a pri n te d
,
Th e y
e a tiono d
'
f
'
g rea t d th i h il dre n
w h o a re t a ug h t p ubl icl y in th e s na g ogues *
a uc
p y e r ,
y .
T h e J e w s ha ve a l s o ob ta in ed p riv il e ges in S we d e n .
I n De n mark w h e re th ey h a v e e nj oy e d s ufi c ie nt
,
y o u th I t i
. s a s eci es of free sch ool
p
-
a n d w e ll ,
e n d ow e d At th e e n d of th e y ea r 1805 th e n umb er
.
,
of p u p il s w as forty A p u bl ic e xa mi na tion w a s .
a nd in sh ort th a t th is es ta bl is h me n t w a s in a v ery
, ,
fl ouri sh i ng condition i
D r. Cl a rk , a l a te ll
tra v e er, e nte r dd th i fortre
s ss , a nd c onv e rsed
guish ed h onou r at P g
e tersb u r , a fte r h a v in g
b een se nt for expre ss y l
by th e
. e mp res s C a th er ine
”—
Cl a rk s Tr a vel s in R us s ia , Ta rta ry , a nd
’
.
-
Tur k ey , p 3 87 . .
ki nd s of g ood s Th e merch a n ts op p os e d th e ex
.
u n ited to d e m a n d of th e ki n g th a t th e n u mb e r of ,
ch a rg e and th a t th e s h ould n ot b e a ll ow ed to h a v e
, y
othe r comm e rce b ut t h a t of l a wful i n tere s t I
an
y n .
e n ce wa s g ra n te d th e m u on con di tion th a t th ey
p
sh ould res id e i n th e q ua rte r a s s ig ne d th e m a n d b e ,
p ro h ibi ted , p d
un er e na fromh a vi ng
l ty of a h ea v y fi ne,
h ous e s in a ny oth er p a rt of th e city T h e d isp utes .
w e re p ermitte d to b ri n g be fo e th e ra bb ie s or ch iefs
r
of th e ir commu nit di s ute s w it h th e ir c c rel ig ionis ts
p
-
y ,
n ies a n d im os ition s T h a id th e k in g a n
*
ey p
, p .
a n n ua l tr ib ute of tw e n ty t h ousa n d 1 iv re s .
of w h ich tw o w e re a t N a n ci T h a t of L un e vill e .
F h E y l p d i T hi t ibute w p id by th J w f
renc nc c o e a. s r as a e e s o
M tz d f th M i
e , an o ty e d th d omi ti
e ss n coun r of d ty , un er e en na on u
th a t is th os e of Al sa ce Lorra in & c
, , , .
s ol a te d th e m in p re ce d in g ag es But th e p ubl ic .
of cos tu me ma d e th e m k n ow n a n d th e b a d e ffe c t
,
The d ecree , p a ss ed in 17 90 ,
th e m c itiz e n s l
.
ae
th e ir b re th re n on th e g rea tn e s s of th e b oon a d ,
th e i r h a b its a n d ma n n e rs w h a te v e r mig h t te n d to
e tua te re oss ession s a n d p rej ud ice s a ga i nst
p per p p
th em .
th a t a n a s s e m b l y of t h e p ri n c i
p a l J e w s s h a ll
It w t h p t
as on f G g i
e re t h
or b i h
o p freB l i wh
o re , h d en s o o o s, o a
e l
mi t y d i ti
ne n g i h d h sim nl f b y
u s h i e x ti ise f f the s e er ons n a v ou r o
J w th t th ti l mbl y pa d th d
e s, a e na o na as se w h i h p t th ms se e e c re e, c u e
on l l w ith th
a e ve t f th itiz
e res
—T o lz e c qf th S e ns . r e nsa c ans e an
h cd n m, p 830
‘
. .
m '
s roa v or "
ra n J EWS . 4 19
be v
con en e P a ris a n d th a t commiss i on ers sh a l l
d in ,
b e a p p oin te d to ma k e k n ow n to th e m th e rdy al
5 w h o sh a ll a t th e sa me time col l e ct th e ir
, , ,
a s to th e mea n s th ey d e e m th e fi ttes t to
re e sta bl ish a mon g th e ir b re th re n th e e xerc is e of
It w a s l d th a t t ere s ha ll be a s us
a so e na cte ,
“h
e n sion for a a r from th e d a te of th e p re se n t
p y e
g , p
ta ined a ga in s t h usb a n d men n ot t ra de rs of th e ,
h usba n d men a re in fa v ou r of J e w s .
of J ul n e x t ; th a t in a l l th e de a rtm e t of the
y p n s
s h oul d b e na m
“
'
°
a d e ut ed a n d fi ve d e utie s for
’
p y p ,
a th ou sa n d T h ey w ere to b e n omina te d by th e
.
.
p , t e a n h o ers ,
-
,
tegrity a n d k n owl e d g 1
”
e
'
.
E E 2
42 0 n 1s roa v or
'
TIIE JEWS .
th e J e w i s h n a tion a n d th e a ll eg ia n ce d ue b th e m
,
y
to t e F re n
h c h g v e rn me n t
o l
.
ae
, p c ,
th es e comma n ds w ould of
‘
of th e F re n ch code ,
th e ir d uty to ob ey th e da w s of ( th e s ta te a n d th a t . ,
a ck no wl e dge d n o
, .
e l i tes w e re ge n e ra ll y a ns w ered ia a m a n n er a re ea bl e
‘
g
to B uo na p a rte T h e e p itome o f th eir a ns we rs ; is
”
, .
a s foll ow s : th ey decl a re d in th e fi rs t p l a ce th a t in
'
n e ra l p ra ctice of m a rr in g onl ne w i fe th a t
'
y y o . ,
s in ce th ey w ors h ip l ik e u s th e G od of h ea v en a n d
, ,
e a rth . An d a ccord in gl y th e re h a v e b e e n a t se v e ra l ,
of th e ra bb ie s is a g a in s t th e se marria g es T h ey .
n ot forbidd e n th e J e w s to i n t er m a rr
y w ith n a tion s
n ot of th e ir re l ig i on e t a s ma rria g e a ccord in g to
y , ,
a civ il ,
i
b ut n ot in a rel g ious s ense .
9
o we d th e n a t i on s i n ce th ey w e re a d mitte d to th e ,
th e ir b re th re n a n d n ot a s s tra ng e rs
, th a t th e true ,
T ransactions of th e San
h ed rim , p . I E2 , I5 S .
a l ar m “ THE JEWS
: or
. 42 3
co mmand ed th e m to l ov e th e s tra n ge rs ,
for, sa
y s he
to th e I sra el ites , y e w e re st an r ge rs la n d of
i n th e
d ecl a re , th a t th ey a re b ound to l ove
‘
e
y
re th re n w h o ob s e rv e th e p rece p ts of th e
w h a te v er th e ir re l ig ious op in ion s ma y
o th e rw is e be th a t it is th e ir in cu mb e n t d uty to v is it
th ei r s ic k ,
b ury th e ir d ea d , a s s is t th e ir p oor, a nd
p f
er or m e v e r
y a ct of h uma n ity tow a rds th e m, a s
w e ll e s th e I s ra el ite s ; a n d in s h ort th a t al l th e
'
, ,
th e S up re me B e in g e ve ry on e in h is ow n w a y At
‘
.
,
th e p re s e n t time es p e c a ll y w h e n th e y a re in cor p o
i ,
, ,
w a rs F re nch J e w s h a ve b e en s ee n fi g h ting d e sp e
ra tel a ga ins t th e ir b re th re n th bj ts of coun
y e s u ec ,
Th ese
p re ce p ts a re , to a b s ta in from id o a try , from b asph e my , l l
fro m ad u l l
te ry , a nd not to k i l or h u rt ou r n e i h bo urs , ne i th er to rob, g
stea l , nor d e ce iv e , to e a t on ly th e fl es h of a n i ma l s k il l ed , an d , in
s h o r t, to o bse rv e th e l
ru e s o f j us tice a nd ta k e ca re th a t i t be i mp a r.
42 4 H ISTO RY or TH E JEWS .
a s uffi c ie n t n u m b er of J e w s to ma in ta in on e a fter ,
is in a s ta te of u n ce rta in ty ! “
th is da y w h a te ve r con ce rns th e e l ection of ra bb ies
,
a h ous e of j u stice ; th e ra bb i b e in g j ud g e a d d ,
h a v e to this da y a l w ay s d e p e n d ed on the w il l
, ,
e nj o e d
y . S in ce th e re v ol ution th es e ra bbi nica l
,
T h e J e w s ra is e d to th e ra n k of citiz e n s h a ve
, ,
con forme d in e v e ry th in g to th e l a w s of th e s ta te ;
'
a
p i i p l e of ch a rity a nd n ot a s a commerci al
r nc ,
c on s id e re d a s ma d e to a ma n in w an t ; for in cas e
of a l oa n to a me rc h a n t e v e n a J e w rofi t a de
p , ,
T h e l oa n mus t b e g ra tuitous w h en it is n ot in te nd e d
for commercia l s p ecul a tion s T h ese h uma ne l a w s .
,
a s ta te a n d h e ld a ra nk a m on g n a tions
“I f th e re mna n ts of th is p eop l e n ow sca tte re d
.
,
, ,
c ou n tr t h e n o l on g e r h a v e h a d to m a in ta in a m o g
y y
, n
me n diffe re n t p
of ers ua s ion s .
es
a s h a re r in h is p rofi ts Th is is th e op in on of a l l
i
th e J e w i sh d octors xf
The b irth da y of th e Fre n ch
-
e mp eror ,
w a s oh
se rve d by th e J e w is h d e p utie s on Augus t 15 th ,
T ra ns actions of th e Sa nhed rim, p 2 00, 2 01 . .
?
P t Ibid .
msr onv on .
THE JEWS . 42 7
d Th e imp e rial ea gl e wa s p l a ce d a b ov e
.
d e n omin a tions }
.
of th e s a tis fa ction th e ir a n s w e rs h a d g iv e n h is
i mp eria l maj es ty At th e time it wa s d ecl a re d
. to
b e th e mp e ror s in ten tion to to th e m th e
’
e s ecure
th us a cq u ire i n th e e y e s of th e J e w s of a l l coun
,
th e contin ua n ce of th e ir s ittings 1
” ‘
.
th e tic a d d re s s to th e s y n a g og ue s s ig n e d
by th e p re s id e n t T h is
a dd res s w a s s oon a fte r a n s w e re d by on e of con c ur
u p on th e M a in e .
alE
b l is h in g a sy na gogue a nd a c on s is tory in e v e ry
d e p a rtme n t w h ich c on tain s two th ousa n d in d iv id ua l s
rofe ss in g th e re l ig ion of M os es
p .
T h e s e a ts of th e sy n a ogu es w e re to b e in th e
g
mos t p o pe l o us c iti e s ; a nd ea ch of th e m w a s to b e
su
p e rin te n d e d by a ra bb i a n d tw o e ld ers . N0 one
ca n be a me mb e r of th e c on s is tor
y w h o dd icte d
h as a
h ims e lf to u su rious
p ra ctice s . A mong oth er fun c
tio n s w h ic h a re to be e xe rc is e d by th e c on s is to r
y,
th e y a re to s ee th a t th e ra b b ies do in p ub l ic or
n ot,
c on fir e th e decisions of th e g ra n d sa n h ed rim .
T h ey a re l
a so d irec ted to do a l l in th e ir p ow e r to
e n cou ra ge th e I sra e l ites to foll ow a gricul ture a nd
Tr ansa ctions of th e Sa nh edrim.
4 30
wh o
HISTO RY
ve rse 9.
ce rn ing th e m in Ma rch ,
forb id s th em ,
s ubj ec ts to J e w s mus t b e d e ma n d e d u n l es s th e i r ,
w h ich p a te n t is to be g ra n te d to suc h in d iv id ua l s
.
foll owin g ch ap te rs .
msr onr on THE JEWS . 431
i
c on t n ue d d urin g te n y ea rs , in th e h op e, t a a er h t ft
!
of th is a s s e m bl y a n d ch a rg es man y of th e me mb e rs
,
j ects of F ra n ce ? H a v e sa y s h e ,
an
y of our ,
y ou ? or h a ve th e
y
. d e m ons tra ted a n
y a
pp ro v a l of
y ou r
p roc e e d in g s ? In E n gl a n d th e y w ould h old n o
c ommun ion w ith ou e ith e r on rel igi ou s or ol itica l
y p
s ubj ects es ec ia ll a s th e l oca l w e l fa re of th e cou n
,p y
try s o i mp e riousl forb id s it 1 ‘
y .
F ra n ce w ill b e g iv en in th e foll ow in g ch a p te r
, .
t Letter to th e S a nh ed ri m , 1808, p 32 . .
342 HISTORY or r un JEWS .
W
C H A P T ER XXX I I . .
O f th e J w i H ll d — T h y
e s n
p h ib it d f m th
o an e a re ro e ro e e xe rcise of
th e t
ar s a nd p f i — C d t f th S di —Th
ro ess ons on uc o e n cs e ll g
inte i e nt
y .
J ews i Am t d m
n t pl d p
s er a t it t co nce r a an, an rese n o ot.
— T he y are opposed by th e S y ndics , a nd form a ne w co mmunity ,
_
O f th e ir a l te rca tions w ith th e Sy n dics — Re u . g l a tions o f th e ne w
co mmu nity .
— An a c coun t of th e l it e ra ry Jw
e s i n Ho ll a nd — T h ree
d e p u ties from the sc h is ma tica l co mmu n ity in H ll o and are sc a t to
th e g ra n d sa nh edr i m a t P aris , and a g ree to th e d ec isions of th a t
asse mbly .
*
S I X TY P ortug ues e a n d G erma n
th ousan d
J ew s inh ab it H olla n d A ms te rd a m con ta i ns n ea rl y .
c om a re d w ith th l ti th t w x c ise d
p e cru e e s a ere e e r
s cour e d w a s ron ou n ce d a ga in s t h im w h o p ur
g p
ch a se d mea t of a n y b utch e r b ut th a t of th e com mu
The wh o l e of th is ch a ter is a n ab rid ed g trans l a tion from G re
p
H
goire s isto ire dc Sec tes Re i iouses
’
lg .
a s;
T he
‘
'
t we n ty th ree me mb ers of th e n ew
-
commun it , in
y
ord e r to s ubj ect th e m to th e fi n e of on e h u n d re d
c ite d
'
w h ich h a d b een re p ea l e d T h e d e fe n da n ts ;
confid e n t th a t th e is s ue of th e s u it m
, .
u s t b e i n th e ir
e a rn es tl e n trea te d th a t it m ig h t b n ou n ce d b
y e r o y
‘
p
th e trib u na l But th e S y n d ics ob ta in ed a con tin u
.
a tion of th e ca u s e a n d th e d e fe nd a n ts w e re s ub
,
c os ts .
T he w commun i ty h a v e d is ca rd ed from th e ir
’
ne
In g e n era l a m on g th e J e w s,
th e ce re mony of ,
p
e x cep t th e g ra n d p ens ion er S c h immel p e n n ink
B u t,
i n g e n era l th e p ro fe s s ors of th
,
e p re d omina nt
, .
on l
y C h ris tia n s ; a n d th e re fore e x cl ud e d va m l a nn ,
a J ew a
p y
,h s ic ia n a n d m e ch a n ic a n d th e i n v e n t or ,
y o ne o ,
th re e me moirs in p ra is e of th e d iscovery
T h is ex cl us ion fa ll s up on m
.
n ow h on ou r H oll a n d w ith th e ir re s id e n ce
; a mong
w ho m a re B el in fa n te D esol l a C a p p a doce
, a nd , ,
a dd in g th e n a me s of th e h s icia n s a t th e H a g ue ;
p y
H ey ma n P ol a k a n d S te in p rofessor of b ota n y
, , , ,
w ho h a s p ub l is h e d ‘ a d is s e rta tion de H d ro e
y p
P in to th e y ou nge r a u th or of a w ork on th e effi ca cy
,
'
s ix time s by th e a ca d e my
c row n e d of sc e nces i at
of v arious w ork s , w h o c ou ld n e v er ob ta in e mp l oy
of a s h ip of w a r w h o i n a n a v a l a ction in l 7 8l
, , ,
e l ite s h a v e b ee n re p re se n ta tiv es of th e p e op l e ; th e
s id e d a t th e na tion a l a ss e mbl y At th e b a r of
'
A sser M e nd e z a n d M ey e r T h e l a st n a med wa s
, , .
re ce iv e d a t th e b a r w h en on l y s ix te e n y ea rs of a ge ,
b e in g a p up il of p rofessor C ra s wh o w a s a cq ua inted ,
a n d a p li ca ti on of p e n a l l a w s
p
?
T h e w ork a rri v e d
”
C H AP T E R X XX I I I .
O f th e Je ws in th e ma n e mp ire — T h e y a re
O tt o nu merou s in C onsta n
tinop l e a nd S a l on ich i — S ome p a rticul a rs g
p ectin th ose of re s
.
l
A ep p o a nd Pl a e s tine — 0f th e inde e ndent ewish tribes in th e J
p
hi hg l a nd s of H edj as in Ara b ia —An account of th e ir emi ra tion
. g ;
i n to Ch i na an d I nd ia .
to th e ea s t w h e re th ey h a v e e x p erie nce d fe we r
,
g g p ,
o
g g ues, a nd a n h u nd re d a nd fi v e th ousa n d fa mil ies
in th e forme r of th e s e c ities fi "
con te mp t th ey h a v e re n d e re d th e ir s er v ice s in d is
,
of w h ich , th rou h th e g su
p in e ne s s a nd in d ol e nce o f
th e T urk s ha s fa ll e n in to th e ir h a n d s
“th
.
,
It is sa i d ,
at th e Jews in C on s ta n tin op l e a re
A fe w a mon g th e m a re p hy s icia n s , b ut n on e
Ba snage , p 7 l 8
. .
m sr onr .;or r a n , ,
JEWS . 439
tra ffi c e v e n th e
,
T h e J ew s in th e O ttoma n e mp ire p a y a h ea v y
3ta x to th e P orte for th e ri h t of e xe rcis n g th e ir
g i
re l ig ious w ors h i a n d th e a re s ubj ec t to a ch ie f of
p y ,
th e ir ow n n a tion ca ll e d C och a p ,
Pa sch a w h ose ,
p o w er o ve r th e m is sa id to b e e v e n g rea ter th a n
J e ws a t Al ep p o a re comp u te d a t a b out fi ve
Th e
th ousa n d T h ey p osses s a sy na gog ue in w h ich
.
,
th ey h a v e a ma n us crip t of th e O l d T es ta me n t s a id ,
col ou r of th e ir b a b oo e a nd th e form of th e i r
g ,
*
l a tter bl ue T h ey al l w ea r b ea rd s e v e n fore ig n J e w s
.
,
ar e ob l ig e d b e p riest to s ub mi t to th is c us to m
y th :
T h ey s p ea k more corrup t A ra b ic th a n th e C h ris
i
V .
H eb re w l e tters a s th ey a re sa id to d o in oth e r
a
,
e t b e on d th e ir s a l ter T h e ir b ook s a re ch ie fl
y
'
g y p .
su
pp l ie d fr om V e n ice .
Fe w of th e m a re e ith e r ma n ufacture rs or me
ch e n ies T h e p r1n c1p a l p a rt a re e ith e r merch a n ts
.
a re J e w s a nd , by b e in g e mp loy e d to a ct in th a t
,
ap a c ity by m os t of th e g rea t me n th ey a cq u i re a n ,
e te ns iv e
‘
i n fl ue n ce ov er th es e w h o de s p is e a nd
con te mn th e ir rel ig ion T h ey a re g e nera ll y more
'
'
s ob er th a n the C h ris tia n s .
T h e ir ch ie f p riest is ca l l e d K h a k h a n or gr ea t ,
p p l e ov e r w
e o , h om th ey e x ercise b oth te mp ora l a n d
s iritua l w b t t h l a tt i l w bj t to
p p o er ; u e e r s a a
y s s u e c
tu res a re re a d b th em in H e b re w a nd ex l a ine d
y p ,
s ch ool s a re k e t b
p y i n fe rior
p r ie s ts f "
e v e n th e n it is g e n e ra ll y don e by a C h ri s tian s e rv a n t .
m
, ,
E urop ea n mod e s t
T h e J e w s more fre quentl y th a n th e oth e r inha
,
. .
, ,
s u ch cas e s th e n ot on l ll i n th e ir o vn ra b b ies
y y ca
y ,
u s cco u n e o, . . .
442 msr on v or r a n JEWS .
“
,
on th e l ow er cl a sses .
E
th e c ity a t th a t
p e r,
iod con ta i n e d th re e th ous a n d ,
J e w s xl ‘
Ru sse ll ’
s Accou nt A epp o of l .
1 M r de
'
. C h a tea u bria nd , a ce e bra ted l F re n ch a u th o r, wh o v is ited
)Z
o f ou r
s h in in g
S
in th e
a v iou r, he ob s e rv es ,
W
.
e a re s n r .
~
th e y sh o u ld b e see n a wa itin g , u nder the mos t cru el and opp res siv e of
al l d es po tis ms ,
‘
'
The J e ws in x tre me
A rab ia a re re ga rd ed w i th e
con te m t ; a n d
'
a s in T u rk e , d e s ise d a l ik e b
p y p , y
M a h ometa n s a n d C h ristia n s
’
T h ey ab oun d in .
"
p , .
c on tain s tw o th ousa n d
'
T h ey ca rry on a g rea t .
’
tra de a n d a re th e b e s t a rtists in A ra b ia
,
O n e of th e ir .
merch a n ts n a me d O ra ek i h a d b ee n d urin g tw e n ty
,
'
e ig h t ea rs n d e r tw o s ucce ss iv e ima n s o f Y m en
y u , e ,
comp troll e r of th e cu s to ms a nd of th e ro a l
y ,
y o n e ,
'
tra c t of cou n tr is ca l l e d K h e ibar a n d th e J e ish
y ,
in h a b ita n ts a r e k n ow n in A ra b ia by th e n a m e of
I '
t mp l mi th e
f
i e f w h i h th
e, o d t c t ere p oes n o re a n one s one u on a n o r,
{
th y tille sti t dw ll ;
con d w ith th
n ue oit w e
p l t d
an e cross as ere an e
p t
uh i
on h d e rd b di g th
ea m t t h
s, th ti
an ll l i g to th i
en n e o e ear , . s c n e r
d l b
e rro rs , an d th m d p l bl i f t ti
a ou r u n er — 4m e sa e e ora e n a ua on.
”
. c
‘
r ica n R ev iew , JVo 1, J a nua ry .
, 1811 .
Ni b e uh r s
’
T ra ve s .l
4 M?
4
ms ronr '
or THE JEWS .
in d e p en d e n t h e ik s a nd a re d ivid e d in to th ree
sc ,
a ti on h a v e e n a bl e d th e m to se rv e th e ir free do m
" E
p r e .
a n d d e te s te d b th e s ect of th e P h a ris e e s
y .
T h e J e ws se ttl e d th e ms e lv e s in C h ina u nd er th e
d y nas ty of th e H a n w h ich bega n in the y ea r 2 06
,
b ut it is n ot k n ow n a t w h a t p art of th e p e riod th ey
a p ea re d in th e e m ire T h n ot on l in cre a s e d
p p e
y y
.
th e ir a b od e w e re H a m teh en P ek in g a nd Ca i
-
, ,
Ni b h T le u r s
’
ra v e s .
t B ti N te t T itu ol iii p 5 78
ro
’
er s o s o ac s, v . . . .
44 6 '
ru s ronr or THE JE S W .
H e obs e rv es h ow e v er th a t th is ca n o nl y be de te r
,
“
,
a cq ua in te d w ith th e H eb re w l a n g ua g e )
a ma g n ifi ce n t cha i r ra i s e d v e ry h ig h a nd ric h l
y ,
g
s a bb a th a n d on da s of g rea t sol e m n it th e la w
, ,
y y ,
a n d o th e r p a rts of th e O l d T es ta me n t a re re a d .
T h e sy n a g og u e is a l so furn is h e d w ith a ta bl e of
in ce n se ,
ma g n ifi ce n t ca n dl es tick s la rge ca n dl es , ,
a ce n s e r e r fume s d i t i g o w h ic h th e
p , a n a
p a
, n n n ,
u o n ta bl es
p a n d s urrou n d e d w ith rich cu rta in s
,
i n ,
l a w is s h u t u p
,
T w el ve of th ese ta b e rna cl e s rep re
.
T h e C h in e se J e w s s trictl y ob s e rve th e sa b b a th ,
a n d d o n ot k in dl e a n y fi re or d ress a n y food on t h a t
L a y T h e y a l s o ob se rv e c ircu mcision a n d se vera l
,
d . ,
W
, ,
p .
t inte rboth a ms
’
H i to y of C hi
s r na , v ol i p . . . 111, 112 .
HIS TO RY OF TH E JEWS .
i
occa s on a l fest iv a l s a nd fa s ts
Th ey p ra y a n d rea d .
th e l a w w ith th e th a l e d or v e il ov e r th e ir fa ces , in
m
.
re e mb ra n ce of M os es T h ey a l so ab s ta in from
.
re ta in th e J e w is h ma nner of k ill in g
‘
of th e ir C h im ins or g rea t me n of th e ir l a w B ut
g ,
.
of ce n s e rs T h e l a rg e s t of th ese w h ich IS in te n d e d
.
,
th e h a ll T h e n e xt w e re th os e of M ose s J os h ua
.
, ,
s exes . T h e ma n d a rin w h o is ov e r th e m is a l s o
e n titl e d to h a v e h is ta b l e t s e t u i n th e h a ll inscrib e d
p ,
w ith h is o w n na me ,
a n d a ll h is titl es .
alE
Th e J ews in forme d
fa th er G oz a n i th a t th ei r ,
d es e rt a n d th a t th e n u mb er of J ew s w h o l e ft
,
E gy p t a mou n te d to s ix h u nd re d th ousa n d Th ey .
W
,
in h a b ita n ts of C h ina .
W h e n fa th er G oz a n i s p ok e to th e m of th e M es
s i ah o mi se d a n d a n n oun ce d in th e Hol S cri
p r , y p
t ures th ey e x h ib ited g rea t a ston ish me nt But whe n
, .
a l rea dy a p p ea re d a n d w a s ca l le d J es us C h ris t th e
, y ,
re l ie d
p th a t th e
y,
h a d h ea rd of a h ol
y m a n n a me d
of th e b ook s of th e O l d T e s ta me n t a n d h a d l os t ,
i n h a b ita n ts j T h e J e w s sa y s b e “ a re n u me rous , ,
from C och in ca ll ed J e ws T ow n ,
It is a l mos t
’
.
w h oll y in ha b ite d by th i s p e op l e w h o h a v e t wo ,
in te ll ig e n t me n w h o a re n ot ig n oran t of th e p res en t
,
A md t ll ob
o e rn th t “ if th i b
ra v e erll y th f t se rves, a s e re a e ac ,
th i t o ld
e r a nces ors c u t h b y p t f th t no t ib wh ave e e n an ar o e en r es o
Dr . B u ch a na n s
’
fi rs t tour to C och in w as i n N o ve mbe r ,
1806 , a nd
he re ma in ed in the co untr
y t il lF e brua ry , 1807 . H e a ga in v is ited it
in J an ua
ry , 1808 .
45 0 n rsr onv or r un J ews ,
a nd n ine t
y a nd th is p l a te of b ra ss w e s till h a v e in
os s e s s ion
p .
a n d a mon g th e s e ca me t h a t ma n of g re a t w is d om ,
,
M l b i l g g
a a ar c d h an t ; d i
ua w ld th t it
e an t
c a ra c er an s no so o a ca nno ;
b w ll
e e d t d Th J w p
u n e rs oo H b w l. l ti f it
e e s re se rve a e re ra ns a on o
w h i h th y p
c t d t th l
e d th
re s en e Th i i td m t
o e ea rne au or. s a nc e n oc u en
b gie i th f ll wi g m
ns n e d i g t th H b w t
o o n l ti an ne r a ccor n o e e re ra ns a on
I n th e p e a ce of G od th e k in g , w h ic h h a s ma de t he e a rth ac »
u
p my h a nd, a nd h a ve ra n te d by th is , g d eed wh ich ma ny h u nd red
th o u sa nd y ea rs sh a ru n —I , d we in a t Cra nga n o r, h a v e
ll ll g g ra n te d , in
th e th irty -
s ixth y ea r of my re i
gn , in th e s tre n gth of p ow er I h a v e
g ra nte d , i n t he s tre n gth of p owe r I h a ve gi ve n
.
Th en fo ll th e p riv i
ow lg
e e s o f n ob i l ity , s uch as
p ermission to ride
on a n e l e h a n t ; to h a ve
p l
h e ra d to go before to
a a n n o u n ce th e n a me
a nd di g n it
y ; to h a ve l
th e a mp of th e d a y ; to wa k l u p on ca rpets
s pre a d u
p on th e e a rth ; a nd to h a v e trump e ts an d cy mba l s s o un de d
be fo re h im . Ki n
g Airv i th e n a
ppoints Joseph R a bba n to be c h ie f
th a t it is g
s i ne d by se ven g
k in s a s witnesse s . T
, h ere is n o d a te in th is
mentione d g
as s i n s for th e
d a te ofth e tra nsa ctio n, th e y ea r of th e crea tion 4 2 5 0, w h ic h is in
J e w is h co m uta tion , A 4 9 0 It i s we k n ow n , th a t th e fa mous
D ll
p . . .
Ma l a ba ric k ing ,
C e ra m Pa ru mnl ma de ,
g ra nts to th e J e ws , Ch ris tian s ,
w a s d e stroy e d a n d w e h a v e h e a rd from o ur fa th e rs ,
s e lv e s on e of o ur ch ie fs ca ll e d to h is a ss ista n ce a n
,
d isp os s es s ed u s of C ra n ga n or k ill e d p a rt of u s , ,
a n d ca rrie d
p a rt in to ca
p tiv it
y By th ese ma ssa cre s
.
ch il d re n of I s ra el B e n i I s ra e l ) w h o ca me from th e
( ,
oth e r l a c es b e s id e s th os e w h o formerl i h b it d
p , y n a e
th is c o un tr
y x f
The M al a b a r con fi rm th e fore
nat iv e a n na s of l
goin g a ccoun t in th e p rin cip a l circu ms tan ces : a s -
Th i i m t
~
f th J bil
s c rcu t mp t i t b f d i
s a n ce o i e u ee ru e s s o e ou n n a s
mil t f th J w
a r a c co u n f M l b p b l
o i h d i th ehi t y f e s o a a a r, u s e n e s or o
th w k
e f th l
or d f M h 16 99 It i t
s o e e a rne
y t
”
or a rc ,
. s no n e ce ss a r o
supp th t t h
ose t mp t b l g d t th t mp l f it i w ll
a e se ru e s e on e o e e e, or s e
knw o th t i
n , y id bl t w i J d
a n e ver th w j bilcon s e ra e o n n u ea. e re ere u ee
t B u ch a na
’
Ch
R esea rch es , p 2 18— 2 2 0
ns ris tia n . .
Th e J e ws of C o ch in , s a y s o u r a u th or,
“
l oad ed h im with civ i
ne g Jw h
ro e s a d n ine s
y na gog u es, th ree in C och in, a nd th e o th e rs in
th e v icinity . In the Fr ench tra ns l a tion of th e tra ve l s o f P P ul i
. a n
fa mi ies l .
”
T hi s a ccou nt is cop ied v e rba ti m from th e l
re a tion of
P a iv a ; a nd th e l
e e ments of wh ich h is l l
ca cu a tion is co mposed give as
J e w s ta k es p l a ce th e mour
*
, ru
th roug h ou t a l l A s ia
9
.
B uch ana ’
n s Research es in Asia , p . 2 2 1,
HISTORY OF THE JE S W .
C H AP T E R XXX I V .
Of th J w i Am ri
e e —Of th i
s ttl m t i S i
n e ca e r se e en n u r na m a nd Ja
m i —B t f w h
a ca ttl d i N w E gl
u d — Of J
e a ve se e n e n an ud a h M o nis .
— S t t f th J w i N w Y k P h il d l ph i C h l
a e o e e s n e or , a e a, a r es ton , Virgi
n ia , a nd G e o r ia g .
p a r e n t cou n tr
y y b F e rd in a n d a n d I sa b e ll a .
of P ortug ue se J e w s w h o re s id e d in th a t cou n tr
,
y .
It a p p ea rs from th is w ork th a t i n th e y ea r 16 39 , , ,
of C a e n n e H is cou n tr me n w h o a cc om a n ie d
y .
y p
h im w ere to b e a ll ow e d th e full e nj oy me n t of e v e ry
c iv il a n d re l ig ious p riv il e g e on con d ition th a t th e
y ,
s h oul d g ra n t th e sa m e w ith ou t re se rv e to a l l w h o . -
con q ue s t of th is i sl a n d b th F re nch ih 16 64
y e -
F rench En cy cl opedia .
4 56 msro ny or run J a ws .
4 *Monthl y Re vi w 1792
e ,
.
45 8 ms ronv '
or me JEWS .
a s ton is h in g T h e on e is n a me d J os ep h Ba rious
.
,
.
a n d th e o th er I sa a c N a sc i T h e l a s t is a n e xtra .
ord in a r
y man ,
if w e c on s id e r th a t he n ev e r ha s
b e en ou t of S urina m ,
w h e re h e w a s b orn re ce ive d
n o a id b ut from h is
ge n ius ; a n d h a s rise n
ow n .
th is ma n w h o p a ss e s e ig h t h ou rs e v e ry da y in h is
.
s tud
‘
y ,
cel e b ra te d me n in E urop e e m l o s h im
‘
s e lf a s th e
p y ,
I n d ia n Ga l ib i l a n gua ge a n d th ink s h e fi nd s th e
,
th e me s in it to b e H e b re w ” E
.
to wa rd s th e m I n th e re ig n of W ill ia m 111 of
. .
b eca us e th ey w e re d e s ce n d e d from th os e w h o h a d
crucifi e d ou r S a v iour ; b u t th e k ing re fu s e d to
at l ea s u re T h oug h th e g ov e rn me n t w a s comp a
p .
Th e mp il e r of th is H istory w as fa voured
co w ith th e a bov e
l e ng th , h owe v e r ,
th ey be ga n to ma k e a cén s id e r
a nd e rform d iv in e w o rs h ip a cc ord in g to th e ir ow n
p ,
a cq ua in ta n ce w ith th e ir b re th re n d is p e rse d ov e r th e
u n e q ua l a n d op p res s iv e ta x a tion s a n d h a v e th e
p ri ,
os se s s io n a n d e nj oy me n t of it th ey a re p rotected
p
e q uall y w ith oth e r s ubj e cts .
io us s ch is ms T h e
y a re divid ed in to tw o
p a rtie s
g .
,
o ne of w h ic h is ca ll e d th e S mou s e J e w s w h ic h is a n ,
e p ith e t of con te mp t T h e ir b re th re n re ga rd th e m
.
a ll ia n c e s b
y m a rria g e w ith C h ris tia ns T h e
y h a ve .
,
w h e re th ey v oc ife ra te to th e g re a t d is tu rba n ce of
n ei h b
th e g ou rh ood f
L o g s H ist ry of J m i
n
’
olo
p 2 93 T h y j oy l mo t
a a ca , v . 11. . . e en a s
e y p i il ge po es ed by th
ev r r v e C h i ti w hit x pti g onl y th
ss s e r s an es, e ce n e
righ t f ti g
o t l tio
vo nf b i ga t d to
e ec i th
ns , s o e n re u rne se rv e n e a
h ol d i g y o ffi o f m g ist y
—nE d w
and H i to y ce a rac . ar
’
s s r
L g H i to y of J m i
on
’
s s r a a ca , v ol . ii p 2 9 6
. . . G re goire s ’
His toire
d es S e t Re l ig ie u se s tom ii
c es , . .
p 36 0
. .
460 HISTO RY or THE JEWS .
a re n o co mmon be gga rs of th is
h a v in g a n e s ta bl ish ed fun d for th e
oo r T h re re am o n g th is o l se v era l v e r
p . e a e
p p e
y
op u l e n t p l a n te rs a n d ca p ita l me rch an ts ; a n d it is sa id ,
W
a ll ow e d th e ubl ic e x e rcis e of th e ir re l i ion th
p g e y ,
T h e J e w s h a v e n e v er b e e n n u me rous in N e w
E ngl a nd ; b ut a mon g th ose h o s e ttl e d in th e
col on ie s so m e h a v e b ee n di s ti n g ui sh ed for th e re ~
H e is s ta te d to h a v e b ee n a n a tiv e of Alg ie rs w h o ,
ch a n g e h is rel ig ion ,
w hich h e p rofes se s to h a v e
d one w ith p e rfect d is in tere stedn css th ough h e ,
y e .
p u r os e of a cq u irin g
p t h e
“ ro u i tio o f th e
p n n c a n
p ro mis e d de s ig n of re n d e r mg th e m an e xa l ted
na tion in th e l a tte r da y gl ory of th e M ess ia h ’
s
al l n a t on s, i to d es ire a
p a rtici
p a tion in th e ir fu ture
gl orious s ta te s
}
So ca th o ic l w as th e in te rcours e b etw e en th is
l ea rn ed l e a rn e d C h ris tia n th a t th ey ofte n
Jew an d ,
.
D H lm L if f P id t Stil
r. o es s
’
t I bid
e o res en es. .
mszronr or r 111; JEWS . 463
p y ,
b
w h e n ra b i C a riga l ofiicia te d, b ut at th e ord in a r
y
se rv ice b e fore h is a rr va i l ,
a nd a fter h is d ep a rt u re .
"
a n d in to th e ir s na gog ue s
y .
re ma rk s th a t
,
th is c iv il ity a n d ca th ol ic is m towa rd s
th e J e w s is w orth y of i mita tion It is to b e fea re d .
Sta te s .
Ho lm es s
’
L if
e of P res id e nt S til es .
1 R ev G ersh om
’
. S e ixas , th e p re sid in g ra bbi.
HIS T O RY O F TH E J EWS .
’
ch os e n a nn ua ll
y yb th e co m m u n ic a n ts o f t h e s oc ie ty ,
T h e trus tees h a v e th e ma na ge me n t of a l l th e
t emp ora l ities a s is cus toma ry in oth e r s ocie ties
, .
is al tog e th er in th e H eb re w la ng ua ge e x ce p ting in ,
a rticul a r ca s es v id d f i th tit ti f
'
p p ro e o r n e c on s u o n o
a b ou t one h u n d re d a n d fifty y ea rs .
of th os e w h o a rriv ed a fte r N e w Y or k b e ca me a n
n e v e r a tte m te d to de riv e t he m of it ; on th e co n s-
a
p p
tra ry th ey gra nt ed l e tt e rs p a ten t to se v e ra l J e w is h
,
S l ws f N w Y k
ee a o e or .
46 6 HISTO RY or TH E JEWS .
na t i on in C ha rl e s ton T h e s ea ts in the J e w i sh
.
“
th e H e b re w l a n gu a ge in th e coll e g e of N e w Y ork
'
T h e J e w s in C h a rl e s ton e nj oy e q ua l l ite ra ry
a dva n ta g e s w ith th e oth e r me mb e rs of th e c ommu
n it ; M o s t of th e a re n ts b e in g r ic h th e j u d ice
y p p re ,
th e H e b re w s ca n b oa s t of s e v e ral me n of ta l e n ts
a n d l e a rn i n g a mon g th e m T h ose J e w ish ch il dre n
.
a ca d e m h ere th e F re n ch It a l ia n L a tin a nd
'
y , w , , ,
b ra n ch es of l ea r n in g T h e Re v Ca v a l h o me n
. .
,
l a n g ua g es .
I
T h e d res s a n d h a b its of th e J e ws in C h a rl e s ton
do n ot d is tin g uis h th e m from th e oth er c itiz e n s .
O p e n a n d h os p ita bl e a s Ca roli n i a ns g e n e ra l ly a re
, ,
th a t l ov e of ea s e a n d p l e a s u re w h ich cl ima te as , ,
w e ll a s na t i on a l ch a ra cte r te n d s to n ouris h
,
I nd i .
v id ua l s
,
h ow e v er a mon g th os e in th is cou n try
, ,
th e re p re s e n ta tiv e s of th e s ta te .
T h e in s titutions w h ich th e J e ws h a v e e s ta
bl ish ed in C ha rl est on a re ch iefl y rel igi ous a nd
,
H IS T O RY O F TH E JEWS .
T h ey h a v e b uil t a n el e ga n t sy n a gog ue .
a n d b u ri a l to th e d in g a n d th e
y
T h e mos t mod ern ins tituti on is a s oci e ty for
cf of or h a n s
p T h e ca ita l is a l rea d
p .
y cou s i
d e ra bl e a n d it is y ea rl y 1n crea sing
,
Th e ch ild re n .
re ce iv e e v e r a dv a n t a g e w h i ch is n eces sa ry to e n a bl e
y
th e m to b e w ell informe d a n d h on ou ra bl e cit iz en s of
th i oun t ry
e r c ” .
6
th e re ma y b e a b ou t a n h un d re d s ca tt ere d th rou gh ou t
th e s ta te w h o a re a n d w ill b e come me mb e rs of th e
,
T h e U n ite d S ta te s is p erh a p s th e on l y p l a ce , ,
h a v e on th e c on tra ry
,
b ee n e n coura ged a n d in , ,
T h e J ew s in a l l th e U n ite d S t a t es e x cep t M a s
.
s a ch us e tts
I a re e l ig ibl e to
, o ffi ce s of tru s t a nd
h on ou r ; a nd so me of th e m in th e s ou th e rn s ta te s
in e mmercia l men
’
a re ot
he . T h ey a re g en era lly co g
y
1 Acco rd in g to th e C o tit
ns u tion o f M a s sa ch use tts , th ose wh o a re
. H a 2
C H AP T E R XXX V .
O f th e rite s an d ce re m i f th J w 0f th
on e s o e e s. -
e ir s
y na gog ue wor d
'
sh i
p .
—
‘
M e th od of obs er v i n g th e s a b b a th — O f the ir l
ce e bra tion o f
th e fes tiva l s of th e ne w moon ; th e p a ss ov e r ; d a y s of e ntec ost ; P
feas t of tru mpe ts ; o f ta berna c e s ; l a nd of P u rim — 0f th e feas t a t
.
th e d ed ica tion of th e te mp e l .
—0f th e J e w ish fe as ts on th e g rea t
occas ions . -
G ov e rnme n t a nd d iscip ine l of th e J ew ish ch u rch .
T H E J e w s s in ce th e d e s tructi on of th e ir temp l e
, ,
of th e s h ea f of th e fi rs t fru i ts of b a rl e h a r v e s t on th e
y
morrow of th e p a s sov er th e tw o w a v e l oa v es ma d e
of fi n e fl ou r w h ich w e re th e fi rst of th e w h ea t
,
th e l a n d to re s t ; a n d a l s o th e y e a r of j ub il e e w h e n ,
th e re w a s to b e a g e n e ra l re l ea s e of l a n d s se rv a n ts , ,
p l e d es
g & c ,
th e cl ea n s in g of th e l e p e r ;
. w i th
va rious oth e r l oca l ce re mon ie s too n u merou s to be
me n tion e d § .
1 Le v itic u s xxv 2 .
, 3 .
‘ D
9 a vid Le v i s
’
Ce re monies of th e Jew s, p 22 1
. .
HISTO RY or THE JEWS .
w h ich w a s in th e te mp l e H e re th e P e n ta t e uch is .
c uri ou sl y e mb roid e re d W h en th e J e w s sa y th e i r .
ra y e rs i n th e morn in g th e y p ut on a ta l ith or va i l
p
o v e r th e i r oth er cl oth e s a n d a rob e w ith fri n ges a t ,
a l s o th e T e p h il in or P h l a cte ri e s
y .
J e w s w h i ch a re n ot con ta i ne d in th e P e n ta teu ch
, ,
B ut th e S p a n is h a n d P ortu g u e s e h a v e a n oth e r ,
a n d ob s e rv a n ce th ey al l a g ree .
I t is an i
a rt c e l of fa ith a mong u s, ys a v id
sa D Le i th a t
v ,
be ca use it is a g of
si n o u r a ck n ow ed l gi g n th e A l migh ty to be th e
C rea to r of a l l th ings ,d th a t h e h a s po we r to d o as
an h pl e ease s ; a nd
P 19 0 .
f O ck l e y
’
s tran s l a tion monies o f th e Jew s
of Le o M od e na s
’
C e re ,
I n the y g og ue w orsh ip
s na th e C oh e n or p ries t ,
qu e n tl y d el iv er a se rmon ; b u t th e ir d iscou rs es a re
n ot com ose d in H e b re w
'
w h ich fe w of th e J e w s a t
p ,
t f tl u n d e rs ta n d b u t in th e l a n g ua g e of
p res e n
p e r e c
y ,
s cr i ture a rticul a rl i n th e d e ca l og ue O n t h is
p p , \ y .
r id in g o n h ors e ba ck in a ca rr ia g e g oin g by w a te r
, , ,
s tru me n t
: T h e
y a re l ik e w is e forb idd e n to in te r
th e ir d ea d or mourn or fa st on th e sa b b a th
, , b ut
a re s ome time s e rmitte d to circ umcis e a c h ild be
p ,
L ev i s
’
Ce re mon ies
'
of th e J e ws .
1* D a v id L e vi s C mon ie s of th e J 7 , 8— 17 Th e
’
e re ew s , p . . ra bbies
W
1: V oc a l mu s ic is v e ry co mmon in th e ir s
y gogna u es, b ut instru
me n t l
a mu sic is se ld o m u sed ; y e t not be ca use it is dee me d imp rope r,
fo r th e y s na gogue in Pr gu a e g
h a d a n o r a n b u t b e ca u se i t ca nnot b e
p e rfo rmed on th e sa bba th o r l
h o ida y s — J al a m s R el igious ’
or l d D is
p l ay ed .
472 a rs ro '
mr or T HE JEWS .
th e morn in g w e re th e fi rs t da y As so on a s th e
.
t i me a rriv es the y l ea v e a l l ma n ne r of w o rk a n d , ,
T h e wo me n a re bou n d to l ig h t a l a mp w ith s e v e n
in re me mbra n ce of th e da y s of th e
cott on w i ck s
w eek , y
,
s a in g,
“
Bl e s se d a rt th ou O L o rd ou r , ,
lig ht th e l a mp of th e sa bba th
’
T h e rea s on w hy
”
.
“
,
l a mp of th e sa bb a th )
T h ey th en s p rea d a cl ea n cl oth up on th e ir ta bl e ,
a n d s et tw o l oa v e s Of b rea d u p on it b ak e d on ,
th e ma n na w h ich fell w it h d e w u n d e r a n d a b ov e it ,
'
e t d es ce n d e d n ot (for on th e F rid a y th ey h a d
y ,
l a ce d a t ta bl e th e ma s te r of th e fa mily ta k es
p ,
a c up of w i n e re p e a ti n g th e th ree fi rs t v e rses in th e
2 nd ch a p te r of G en e s is a nd a fter i v mg G od
, g
th a nk s a nd e nj oi n i ng th e m to ob serv e th e sa bb a th
, ,
L i C mo i s & ’
ev s e re n e , c.
474 HISTO RY O F T HE JEWS .
ne xt d ay in h on our of th e fe stiv a l . On th is h ol y
day th ey b ese ech G od to b e me rciful ,
a nd g ra n t
th e m a n in h e rita n ce in th a t d a y , w h ich is all sa bb a th ,
a n d ete rn a l re s t In th e e v e n in g , a s
ale
. s oon a s th e
s ta rs a
pp e a r, th e y
b b a th is e n d e dsu
pp ose th e sa ,
a n d th a t it is l a w fu l to d o a n w ork a fter th e h v
y y a e
a tte n d e d th e e v en i ng r a ers a t th e s n a g og u e
p y y .
S e p te mb er T h e J e w s h a v e a tra di tion th a t th e
.
y e a rxf O n th e fi rs t of e v e r
y m on th th e
y ce l e b ra te
th e fe a s t of th e n e w moon p ra y in g G od to re s tore ,
th e m to th e h ol y c ity a n d erec t th e te mp l e a t J er u ,
s a l e m w h e re th ey coul d re n d e r th e of
,
fe rin g for th e
fea s t a ccord in g to th e l a w N umb ers xxv iii , .
M e a n in g th e g
k in d om o f th e M ess ia h for th ey su
pp os e th a t th e
l
w o r d is to c o n ti n ue s ix th o usa nd y e a rs , (a ccord in g to t h e s ix d a y s o f
th e c re a tion ) an d th e se ve n th to b e th a t of th e M es sia h . I t is th a t
w h ich is h e re a ll ud e d to , as be in g th e d a y w h ich is a ll a n e n ti re s ab
b a th — D a v id L ev i ’
s Ce r e mon ie s of th e J ew s ,
p 2 06 . .
Th e J ews ca ll th e se v e n th mon th of th e c iv i l , th e fi
‘
rs t o f th e
l
ec c e s ia st ica l yw ,
bec a u se at th e d e p a rtu re o f t h e ch i ld re n of I s ra e l
fro m E g
yp t , i t is j
e n o in e d , th a t th is month sh a ll h e u n to th e m th e .
g
b e inn in g of mo nth s ,
a nd the fi rs t mon th in th e y ea r — E xod us
”
.
xii 2 . .
w h ol e in c l ud es e ig h t d a y s O n th e e v e n in g p re
.
ob s erv e s a fa s t i n re me mb ra n ce Of G od s me rcy i n
’
fe a s t th e J e ws a re obl ig ed to e a t onl y u n l e a ve ne d
,
*
b rea d a n d re fra in from serv il e l a b ou r T h e tw o .
fi rs t a n d two l a s t d ay s a re k ep t a s s trictl y a s th e
s a bb a th on l y th ey p ermit fi res to b e k in d l e d
,
a nd ,
p p re a re food A s th e .
y ca n n ot n ow of fe r th e p a sch a l
‘
s a crifi ce th e p a s s ov e r ca k e s a re p l a ce d on th e ta b l e
,
w e ek s . It is a l so s ty l e d in s cr ip tu re th e d a y of ,
fi rs t of th e ir fru its in th e te mp l e At p re s e n t th is .
se rv il e l a b ou r is r oh ibi t d A i t w i tit t d t
p e s . a s n s u e o
re ca ll th e re me mb ra n ce of th e l a w s b e in g g ive n a t
’
s n a g og ue a n d a l l th os e
y , p a s s a g es fr om th e
p pro h e ts
ra ll h a ve a s e rmon d el iv e re d in ra is e of th e l a w
y p .
Th ey g ll
be in th e pas so ve r with ca re fu y se a rch in g th e h ouse , an d
re moving e v e ry th in g l
wh ich h as h ad ea v en in it .
H I ST O RY OF THE JEWS .
ca tiv it d f t h w lf f th g v m t
*
p a n o r e e a re o
y , e o e rn e n
u n d er w h ich th e d w e ll
9
y .
T h e fe a s t of ti u mp e ts is ob se rv e d on th e fi rst a n d
s e con d of T is h ri o r S e te mb e r th e s e v e n th of th e
p , ,
ro h e ts a rt of th e tw o fi rs t c h a te rs of th e fi rs t
p p p ,
p
of S a muel a re rea d T hey th e n p ra y for th e p ro
.
a n d bl ow th e tru m e t h i h is ma d e of a ra ms
’
p w c ,
h orn + s a y in g j Bl e ss e d be th ou O L ord ou r G od
,
‘
, , ,
.
ki ng of th e un iv e rs e w h o h as sa n cti fi e d u s w i th h is
,
comma n d me n ts a n d c o mma n d e d u s to h e a r th e
'
, ,
te na n ce .
O n th e morn i ng d da y th ey re p a ir to
of th e secon
th e sy na ogue an d re p e a t n e a rl th e s a me ra e rs
g , y p y
a s on th e
p re ce d in g da
y T h e
y t h e n re a d th e 2 2 n d
.
c h a te r of G e n e s is w h i ch g iv e s a n a ccou n t of
p ,
,
’
t Th e tru mpe t is ma d e o f a ra ms ’
h orn i n re me mb ra nce of Abra
h a m8 ’
se e in g a ra m c a ug h t by th e h o rns 1n a th ick e t, w h ich h e took
a nd of
fe re d for a b u rn t offe rin to th e g Lord , ins te a d of h is son .
G enes is xxii [2 — 15
. .
4 78 msronv or TH E JE S W .
g o s e v e n times r ou n d th e a l ta r i n re m e m b ra n c e o f ,
th e s a bb a tica l y ea rs s in g in g th e 2 9th P sa l m , On .
a s sa g es fromth e l a w a n d h t d t rea t th e
p r
p p o e s a n e n ,
s e v e ra l p ra e rs in h on our of th e l a w a n d bl e s s
y ,
g oin g to th e sy na g og ue in th e e v en in g a nd sa y in g ,
O n th e fourte e n th of Ad a r or Ma rch th e J e ws , ,
th e ir d e l iv e ra n ce from th e d e s t ru c tion d es ig ne d by
H a ma n T h is fes tiv a l is ob s erv e d tw o d ay s a nd
. ,
a s ol e m n fa s t is ob s e rv e d in re me mb ra n ce of E s th e r s
’
,
a rch me n t is re ea te dl r e a d d uri n g th e fe a s t a n d
p p y ,
a s ofte n a s th e na me of H a m a n f is me n tion e d it is
-
D id L i C m i f th J w p 12 5
av ev
’
s e re on e s o e e s, . .
I m pl
n so e th di g i
a ces l d d w ith
e rea n p H m
s c onc u e cu rses u on a
an d h i w if
s d bl
e, i g
an
p E th
ess n d M d ai
s u T
onh y h ds er a n or ec . e a
a ma n in fig y
ef to re
p resen t H a ma n s
’
p u n is h me nt . But th is c usto m
h as bee n for a c ons id era b e l time d isuse d , beca us
e it was ins in ua te d , in
H I STO RY OF THE JEWS . 479
c us to ma ry ld re n ( w h o h a v e li ttl e wood en
for th e ch i
tha t th e y sh ou ld e n d ea v ou r to d e s troy th e ra ce of
A mal ek P a rt of th e fi rs t da y is s p e n t in fe a s tin g
.
T h e J e w s a t th e p re s e n t da y ob s erv e ma n
, , y
fe s tiva l s w h ich w e re n ot a p p oin ted by M oses I n .
b ra n ce of th e v ictory th e y ob ta in e d ov e r A n tioc h us
E p ip h a n e s T h is ty ra n t h a v in g p rofa n e d th e
.
,
a s p l e n d id ma n ner a n d l a ts e ig h t d a y s ; a n d is a p
,
s
p o in te d to b e k e t b
p y l ig h tin g l a m p s T h e re a s on.
w e re a bl e to ob ta in a fresh s u l
pp y .
T h e g rea t da y of e x p ia tion is ob s e rv e d by th e
J e w s th ough th ey h a v e n o h ig h p ri e s t to offi c ia te
, ,
th e fa s t comme n ces th e th in k it a d u t in cu mb e n t
y , y
u on th e m to a s k
'
p p a r d o n o f t h os e th e
y h a v e o f
fe nd e d to ma k e res titution to th os e w h om th ey
h a ve d e fra ud ed of a ny p rop e rty ; to forg iv e th ose
w h o h a v e offe n d e d th e m a n d in sh ort to d o e v e r , y ,
h i ch ma y
‘
th in g w v to evi n ce th e s i n ceri ty of
s er e
th e ir re p e nta n ce .
l
at
T h is g rea t fa st is ob s erv e d on
th e te n th d a y of th e mo n th T is h ri or S ep te mb er , .
I n th e p reced in g gl y e ve n in
‘
th e y re
p i a r to th e s na
gog ue w h e re th e y re ma in sa y i n g p ra y ers u p w a rd s
W
,
of th re e h ou rs ; a n d w h e n th e y re tu rn from th e
y s na g og ue t th ey
a s te a n
y ma y
ki n d of s us te n ot
k in d of l a b ou r e v e n to k in dl e a fi re a n d ob serve
, ,
this d a y a s s tric tl y a s th e s a bb a th .
in th e ir p ra y e rs th e a dd ition a l sa c rifi ce of th e da y ,
c on d uc t th e m to J e rus a l em w h e re th e m a offe r
y y ,
.
,
l fi p rese nt th e sa me e fl ec t, p rov id ed it is m
'
p f
ace o i h s a cr ce , as a t aec o
l ow in
g ev ening .
482 '
a rs roa v or r un JEW S .
so me offence a ga i n s t G od T h ey fa s t al so on th e .
t
n ot ob se rv e d a t p rese n t
a
.
ra bbi es ,
a n d th es e th ree combi n e d form a ki n d of
Be th D in or th e h ouse of j ust i ce
, As the p ri es t . .
w i th th e te mp l e th e t erm h ig h p ri es t is a n e x p l od e d
,
t i on s of th i s p on t iff w h i ch w e re only a p p li ca bl e to
,
th e te mp l e . H ence th e ch oi ce of ra b b i is n ot con
fi ned to th e tribe of Le vi ; al th ou g h th a t t ri be be
th e onl y on e th a t th ey c once iv e ca n n ow b e a t a ll
di st i n g ui s h ed Its me mbe rs a re al l a t p res e nt con
.
y
se rvi ce ; for th ose a mon g th e m th a t a re d esce n d e d
ca l l e d fi rs t to th e l a w T h ey a l so p ers ona te th e
.
a i d th e m T h e L e vi tes i e t h ose w h o a re de
p .
, . .
wa s h th e h a n d s of the C oh en im b e fore th ey go to
th e be n edi ct i on & c , W i th al l th i s th e ra bb i h as
.
th i n g l th i s t rib e T h e
h e be of
’
no to d o, u n ess .
u rp ose from th e g e n e ra l ma ss of l e a r ne d ra bb ie s
p
in th e con g re ga ti on w h os e h e a d h e is con s is ts , ,
, &c H e is ge n e ra ll y a ll ow e d
,
.
com e te n t sa l a r w h ich t og e t h er w i th p e r
'
a
p y , ,
s ome re s id in g ra bb ie s in G e rm n d I ta l h a ve
p a n
y a y ,
s om e in te rven i n g frie n d
l
‘'
.
me ter;
M i g i l l g l o i ti i l w y p f m d by th
a rr a e, n a re u ar s c e es , s a a s e r or e e
W
va l id . Th e ce re mony of th rowin g th e sh oe ta k e s p l a ce wh e n a J ew
re fuse s to ma rry h is b rothe r s widow, ’
a nd is g rou nd e d on De uter e
ono myxxv 9 . .
p 4 8, 4 9
. .
i I
bid .
4 84 msr oa v or r a n JEWS .
C H AP T E R XXXV I .
0f the re l igi ou s te ne ts of th e (
J — Articl e s
fa ith wh ich were
ews of
d ra wn u p by a im M l
o n ides in t h e e ev enth ce n tu r — E x ana tion of l
y p
th e ir bel i ef res pe ctin se ve ra a rtic es —g l l
rev a ence of in de it
y
P l fi l
amon th em — g Of the ancient sects wh ic h rema in a t rese nt amon
p g
.
, ,
for e v e r .
h s e n a me b e bl e ssed ) is on e ; a n d th at
a tor , ( w o
s u ch a u n i ty a s is in h im ca n be fou n d in n on e o th e r ,
a n d t h a t he a l on e h a s b ee n o ur G od is a nd for e v er , ,
s h a ll b e .
3d . I b eli e v e w i th p e rfect fa i th th a t th e C re
, ,
a t or h se n a m e b e bl e ss e d ) is n ot corp orea l
, ( w o n o r ,
l ik e n ed u nto h im .
h s e na me b e ble s s ed ) to b e th e fi rs t a n d l a s t a n d
( w o ,
th e l a s t for e v e r .
Th e
J ews con s id e r th e un i ty of G od as one of
th e mos t es se n tia l of th e a b ov e a rt i cl es The .
Ch ri st i a ns a n d J e ws sa y s Ba sna ge s e p a ra te a t ,
'
,
u n i te d i n th e a d ora ti on of on e G od a bs ol u tel
y ,
w hi c h e nti re l y s e ara te s
p th em
y
Th e
'
.
”
J e w i s h n a t i on e v er si n ce th e i r di s p ers i on h a v e
, ,
u n i ty of th e S up re me B e i ng .
is to s ubd ue th e w orld a n d re in s ta te th e m in th e i r ,
ow n l a n d th e J e w s s t ill w a i t for h is a p p e a ra n ce
, .
e n d ea v ou re d to c a l cul a te u p on th e s e v en ty w ee k s of
S m l
41 ed C h i ti w ite h we fi d th e d o t i of th e o n
»
o e ea rn r s an r rs , ve r, c r ne
t i ity i th J wi h C bb l
r n n d e p po e th t th th
s a
p i ip l
a a, an su se , a e ree r nc a
I n d ia n l
. n ti q uii ics , v ol . iv p. . 45 4 . H ora: S ol ita rite , v ol . i p
. . 3 5 8,
‘
and Ba sn a ge s H is tory ef the J ew s , p 2 00
’
. .
p ea ran ce .
i I O
H ST RY or TH E J E
'
W S.
‘
487
te nd to sha k e th e fa i th of th e ig n ora nt ; a n d Ma i
mon ides h a d a n ey e to th is in th e comp os iti on of
‘
a n d a l th ough h e re ta rd h is
&c .
te x t s in I sa i ah &c w h i ch sp ea k of a sufferi n g M e s
, .
s i ah som
, e h a v e h a d recou rse to th e id ea of two
a n d p ow er T h is h ow e v e r is sa id n ot to b e
.
, ,
of M ed ras h or comme n ta ry
, An d y e t s ome th i n g .
n t th e m
”
i e lv e s one h ea d H i
a
pp o s ( ose a w ho , .
h e sa y s is th e person ca ll e d b y th e Ra bb ins l
M es ,
’e
for to re ign ov er th e m 1
” '
.
As to th e ch ara cte r a n d mi ss i on of th e i r M es s ia h ,
h e is to be of th e t ribe of J ud a h th e l i nea l d e ,
th e
(Aba rba nel
rabb ins,
modern titl e but wh en we a re sp eak ing of th e
Rabbies is th e
ancien t M ish nica l a nd T a l mud ical d oc tors
conce rnin
on
.
H osea
g
’
iii
.
,
th e te rm ra bbins is th en
more p roperl y used — A d a ms R el igious orl d D isp l ay ed
Mr .
th e de a th of th is pe rsona
Le vi s
W ,
a
y s, tha t
ge ,
.
th is op in ion o f
w as wh a t gave
Ch mof ufl eri ng M e ssia h
'
rise to th e ri sti an sy s te th e p rop h e cies
‘
a s , as
of th e Ol d T estament do not i l
ncu ca te a ny su ch p rincip e l wh a te ver ”
.
— D is ser ta tzon ’
s ce n da n t of D a v id ,
a n d ca ll ed by h is na me . H e is
to b e e n dow e d w ith th e p iritsof r o h d h is
p p e c
y a n
i
s
p of
p , .
p
I s ra e l p l a n t th e m s a fel y in th e ir ow n l a n d a n d
, ,
s u bd ue th e ir e n e mies a n d th e re b b rin g th e w h ol e
y ,
ta k e n p l ac e
“
H is c omin g a n d th e ir re s tora tion h a ve n ot y e t
b eca us e th ey a re s till un w orth y of
,
.
b e in g re d ee me d a n d h a v e n ot rep en te d or h a v e , ,
me n t At th e sa me time th ey in s is t th a t th e ir re
”
.
b e ma n y w ick e d a n d u n b el ie v in g a mon g th e m) b ut
’
a n d r i h te ous
t
T h os e th e re fore w h o a re rig h te ous
i
g .
,
“
fi na l res tora tion l .
‘
T h ey b el ie v e th a t J ud ea w ill fi na ll y be th e
, ,
Th ey wi ll ,
”
s a y s a ce ebra te d l Je wish writer, no more fo ll ow
d ou s mira cl es th e n b e p e r formed in
, th a t w i s ll , w
i ma k e th eir igh t ll
s u ch a a stin l
imp ression on th e m, a s e ntire y to d estroy th e ir e v i
g l l
W
'
l Ada ms Re igious
‘' ’
l or l d Di pl s a
y ed .
490 HI S T OR Y or THE JEWS . .
an d in S ol omon s t e m l e A nd i fi t ill
’
p n n e h e n w .
, ,
a ck n ow l e d e th e u n ity of G od a n d h is k in gd om
g ,
a g reea bl e to w ha t Z e ch a ri a h sa id ch a xiv
p , . .
th e M ess i a h a n d h is ki n gd om w h i ch th ey s till a v ow ,
th e oth e r g en era l
se rv es ,
“
Accord in gl y D a v id Le v i oh .
th e oth er na t i on s
”
.
W
J ew s wh i ch a re n ot con ta i n e d in th e th irtee n a r
,
th e gr ea t a nd s tu e nd ou s
p l
mi rac es wh ich w i ll th en be wrou gh t by God
for th e d e iverance l of th e na tion, al l na tions wi sa nctify h im as
ll
gre a nd h ol y G od — L ev i 8c
”
D is s er ta tions ,
’
a at . s .
1 '
Th e fi rst g rea t e nd ,
”
sa y s Da v id Le vi , wh ich I pa rti ca ll a
L ev i
’
s D is s er ta tions , dy e .
W
W
msr oa r or T HE JE S . 4 91
ticl es . Th e l dg ed th a t th ere is in
ra bb ie s k
a c now e ,
riz e d th a t th e s in of Ad a m a n d E ve w a s s o d ee p l y
p
e n g ra v en a n d th a t it w as s ea l e d a s i t w ere w ith th e
, ‘
W
to a l l th e ir p ost erity it was b e ca us e a l l th i n g s w ere
fi n is h e d th e day th a t Ad a m w a s crea te d a n d h e was ,
th a t w h e n h e s in n ed a l l th e w orld s inn e d wi th h im
,
.
e a rta k e of h is s in a n d s h a re i n th e p u n i sh m en t
p ,
of it, b u t n ot in th e s in s of h is
The bb ie s t ea ch th a t th e e vil s in w h ich men
ra ,
T h e J e w s ma in ta in th a t th e s ou l s of th e rig h t ,
h e ll w ith fi re a n d oth e r p un is h me n ts T h ey s u p .
o th at th
p se , g
c rimi na l s a re of e t e rn a l d ura t i on w h il e oth ers ,
Fl e u ry
’
s Ancient p 341 I s rae l it e s, . .
L ev i s Ce r moni es , 8 —
’
7
'
e 3e p 8 1 15 . . .
M
1 O ne p a rty of e w s , w ith a imonides a t th eir h ea d , su p pose th a t
J
l g
th e s o u s of th e ri h teo u s a fte r d e a th a re to in h a bit th e a rd e n of
g
Ed en till th e ppe a ra nce of th e
a M es s ia h , a t wh ich epo ch th e ir s ou s l
a re to be u n ite d to th e ir bod ies , a nd e n o j y th e l
de igh ts p repa red for
th e m by th e M essia h d urin g a th ou sa nd ea rs . Th i s o inion is
y p su
p
ported by M enasses Ben I s ael and Ab
r arbanel . — Ba snage, p . 3 9 1.
4 92 n Isr oa v or TH E J a ws .
d ea d a n d ima g in e
,
d e l iv e re d from
rg a tor o t h e g re at d a o f e x ia tion
p u y n y p .
T h ey s up p ose th a t n o J e w u n l e ss g u il ty of h e ,
.
o w er of p urif n g s ou l s a n d e x ia tin g s in
i
p y p .
ob s erv e w h a t a re ca ll e d th e N oa ch id es or s e v e n ,
re ce ts of th e s on s of N oa h ; b ut it is th e u n a n i
p p
mous op in ion of th e ir ra bb ie s th a t th e S in a ite co; ,
b e tw e e n G od a n d th e J e w s th a t th ey th e re fore a re ,
b ou n d to th e ob serv a n ce of it ; bu t t ha t it is n ot
b in d in g to th e res t of ma n k in d ; for if th ey d o b ut
k e e p th e l a w of n a ture th a t is th e p rece p ts (if th e , ,
W
b e p a rta k ers of e t erna l life 1
'
.
B p 3
as na e ,
g 90 Pi t R l ig.io C e m. i f th
ca r J w
’
s e us re on es o e e s.
1 L i L tt to D P i tl y p 16 17 d M im id
’
'
ev s e ers r. r es o e , .
, , an a on es n
R p t h p iii q ot d i Ad m R l ig io l d D i pl y d ’
e e n a nce , c a . . u e n a s e us or s a e .
M S h tt di t
r. c o f th i tit t
, t See z
re c or o p de d i ns u e a en , ronou nce a s
co u rse at th d d i ti n of th e templ e i th t p l
e e ca o J l y 17 th 1810 n a a ce, u , ,
494 HIST O RY or T HE JE S W .
a re tw o d iffe re n t
p a r ties in th e n a tio n w h o s l ig h t th e
r
p p o h e c ie s w h ich s p ea k of th e ir futu re re s tora tion ,
p h il os op h ers l ig h t n ed m en w h o sa s h e
erfe ct d e i s t s *
e n e a re
,
y , , ,
p n o t b e li e vi n g a s
y ll a bl
, e of re v el a tion ,
c ouv in e d
‘
th e l a ws of Mo ses a re n o l g on e r bin d in g up o n th e m, as not
b e in g a dapted to th e i r circu mstances at this d ay , th e y a re w i in a n d ll g
re a d
y to b e come h ristia ns a s fa r a s C re l a tes to th e mora doctri nes o f l
C h ristianity , p rovided th ey sh a not be ll re q u ired to be li eve th e mira
l
cu o n s p a rt of th e Ch ris tian creed , a nd a b ov e al l , th e div inity of
J esu s C h rist ; a nd
p rov ide d th e y ma y be a d mitted to enj oy al l th e
righ ts a nd p riv i eges l j
e n o ed
y by th e membe rs of th e es ta bl ish ed re l i
gi o n.
T h ey a sk Dr T ell e a d i
.
’
rs v ce on th is p l a n, a nd wh e th er h e th in k s it
M r d e Lu c ,
. a l
ce e b ra ted ch e mis t a nd l g
th eo o ia n , h a s p u b ish ed l
a l e tte r to th ese J w i wh i h
e s, n c h e bo d y a d va nces to mee t th e m on
l l
th e g rou n d Dr . T ll l d h
e er e u es ll
e te s th em th a t fa r from s crup in l g
p o ints of C h i tir s an d octrine , th ey o u gh t not e v e n to a b and on th e
s ta nda r do f M oses ; th a t th e h is to ry of th e ea rth an d its p rese n t a p
e a ra nce a re l
th el p oss ib e tes timon ies
s tron ges t of a l to th e truth of
p
.
t he M
osa ic h isto ry , a n d t h a t if th ey w ou d on y ta k e th e p a ins to b e l , l
l l
be tter na tu ra p h i os oph e rs , th ey w i not be so re a dy to re nounce ll
th e ir fa ith a s ew s
”
h ere h a ve bee n n u me rous p a mp h e ts more
J . T l
w ritte n a nd p u b li h s ed u po n th is j
s ub e c t, whi ch made , as th e F re nc h
te rm it, a gre a t se n s a tion i n th e n orth of Ge rma ny — L etter s f r om a n
A meri ca n r esid en t a b r oa d on v a r ious top ics o ff ore i n g l iter a t ur e, p ub
l is h ed i n th e Por t Fol i o, M on th ly M aga zine , v ol .1800, a n d
L ev i s
’
Disse rta tions on th e P rop h ec ies , v ol . 11. Mr . L ev i se e ms
to v iew it as on e rea son wh y in de ity fi l ga i n s so much ground a mong
msr oa r or THE JEWS . 495
ea sy c i rcu ms ta n ce s th a t th ey a re in a n d th e sp l e n d id ,
v ol up tuous ma n n e r in w h i ch th ey liv e ne i th er
"
for n or d e s i re a
T h e sa me a u th or re a rk s th a t b oth th ese p a r m ,
l ik e ma n n er b ea r G od s cov ena nt in th e fl e sh ’
.
”
E v e n th ose of th e na t i on th a t h a v e n ot th e l ea st
S p a rk of rel ig ion in th e m w ould y et b e h ig h l y ,
th e monia l l a w
ce re .
”
W
as
p re te nd th a t th e g v e th e m we e d el ive red to h im b y
l a ws h e t
a r th e
C t of l l th i g
rea o r a d th a t th e time w as ot f d i t t wh e
n s, an n ar s an n a ll
th e ci i l iz ed worl d w oul d be of one rel ig io
v th t is d eism n, a ,
. hen
ou r uth or e xp e
a d h is u p rise a t h e i g
r ss e J ew t l k th u s
s r ar n a a , a nd
me sentiments ” —Cl a rk e s Tr a n sl a ti on of H en ry An
W
’
e nterta ins th e
’
sa . s
1 '
T
h is , s a y s Mr Ada m,
”
is n o d oub t wonde rfu , a nd ma y be
. l
a dd u ced a s a p roof of th e tru th of p rop h ecy , a nd th a t th e ews a re
‘
J
h e d to e th er by a n inv is ib e a nd A mi h ty h a nd —Rel z
l g l l g
”
gious or l d .
D isp l ay ed, v ol . i .
p 25
. .
4 96 , méroa r '
or r u n J EWS .
th e Ca ra ite s , th e S a ma ri ta n s
di scip l es of ,
a nd th e
A na n b ut th e a ccou nt w h ich h e g ive s of th e l a s t ,
y .
c ul tiv a te th e l a n d T h e re is a v e ry a n cie n t a n d
.
D s ch ou fa it K a l e n ea r Ba h ch is a ra y in th e C rimea
, ,
T h e s e ct of th e S a dd uce es h a v e ma d e b ut l ittl e
fi gure s in ce th e d e s truction of J e ru sa l e m A fe w .
o th e r
p l a c e s ; b u t th e
y a re r a re l y fo u n d a t l ea s t ,
th e re a re b u t fe w th a t d e cl a re th e ms elv e s of th e s e
G g ire H i to i d S t R l ig i
o re s
’
s re t m es p 3 08
e c es e e use s , o . 11. . .
l Pi
‘'
t R l ig i u C
ca r
’
s em i o s e re on e s .
4 98 H IS TO RY or TH E JEW S .
CH AP TE R xxxvn .
th e S m i ta s re p ecting th e ir c
a ar o d ition be l ief a nd c us tom
n s n , , s.
* S a ma ri ta n s w e re s ca tt e re d in s ma ll n um
TH E
b e rs ov er s ev eral coun t ries of th e ea s t ; th ey h a d
n D a ma s c us
‘
y , , , ,
S a ma ria th e ir ch i ef p l a ce h a s al wa y s b ee n N a p l es
, ,
or N a p l ou s e th e a n c ie n t S i ch e m th e bi rth p l a ce of
, ,
of By za n ce w h il e h e mig h t h a v e k e p t to th a t of
,
on e h un d re d S a m a rita n s
p oor a n d mis e ra bl e a t , ,
v ea u p re te n d s th a t th e w h ol e n u mbe r of S a ma ri ta ns
,
‘
a t N a p l ou s e ,
w h e n h e vi si te d th e city did n ot ,
e x ce e d on e h un d re d a n d fi fty in div id ua l s .
th e ti me of Ad ri a n th ey p l a ce d th e fig ure of
,
a cc use d th e m of w ors h i p p in g a d ov e .
W
a n a ns w er i n H e b re w w h i ch th e l ea rne d S lv est e r
, y
d e S a cy tra n sl a te d i n to La tin from th e a utog ra p h s
d ep os ite d in th e na t iona l lib rary a n d w h ich h a v e ,
co w h i c h th ou d e m a n d e st S e n d us tw o w orth
py .
y ,
th e ra ce of P h i n e h as son of E l ea z a r s on of Aaron
, , .
H e is a ccordi n g to th e m th e tw o h un dred a n d
, ,
'
th es e p on tifi s n e ve r l ea v e th e i nsid e of
'
P h i n eh a s , a nd
M a in e in,
L ud ol p h s e nt by him a l et te r to
th e S a ma rita n s H e re ce iv e d a n s w e rs w h i ch a re
.
,
W
i n s e rte d by M ori n in h is An tiq uita tes E ccl es iae
O rie n tal is T h e l a s t re p l y w h ich w a s ma d e in
.
,
a ss is ta n ce to r e p a i r th e ir h oly p l a ce .
L ud ol p h w h o i nh e rited from S ca l ig er a n a rd e nt
,
h e a sse rts e h a s a s ma n a t G a za I t
a re, p r
p , y .
a e rs b a l e tt e r w h ich th e y w ro te to J ose h
p
pp a y
'
ma n ded of
H I STO RY O F TH E JE W S .
h im a nd th a t the H eb re ws in E n
,
b roth e rs .
“
I t i s n ot t rue say s H un t i ngton th a t
,
e th e i r
,
“
I p ers ua d e d th e m th a t th ey h a d b reth re n in my
cou n t r ;
y I su
pp o rt e d th e c on t ra r
y op i n i on b u t ,
th ey w ould n ot b eli e ve me .
I n th i s p e rsua s i on th e S a ma ri ta n s, in 16 72 se nt
, ,
g ,
n ea r to G erizi m th e h a bi ta t i on of G od a n d a d
, ,
s en t p res en t s to th e i r h ol y p l a ces .
a n d k e p t up a corre s p on d en ce w i th th e m u n til th e
an b S ch n u rre r
y ,
w as d ece iv e d in th i s p a r t icul a r .
W h il e G regoi re bi sh op a n d s e na t or w a s ocen
, ,
a n a e h a vi n g el a se d s i nce th e l a te s t of th e s e
g p
a ccou n ts h a v e b e e n rece iv e d h e b e in g ea g er to, ,
, , , .
r e s on se s
p w ,h i c h a rriv e d in 18 0 8 a tte s t a ze al a t ,
on ce e n l ig h te n e d a n d cou rt e ous .
(1 A cre ) i in b el ie vi ng th a t th e E n gl is h J e w s
’
p ers s t
a re of th e ir s e ct T h ey l iv e in th e mos t a bj e ct
.
ar e i n th e se rv ice of th e ch ie f of th e cou n tr
'
y .
h
ot e rs e n d ea v our to ga i n i t b
y i n d ustr
y ; th e y i a
Th e d e sk on w h ich th ey s crip t u re s
p e , .
th ey in v ok e th e S up re me B ei n g th ey d o n ot sa y ,
s mb ol of th i s bi rd w h i ch h a s th e form of a d ov e
y .
I f th ey a re forced 1n t h e i r e mp l oy me n t to touch
a s t ra n g e r or h is a rme n t th e urif th em s elv es
g y p y
a mon g th e m
, ,
a s s oon a s
p o ss ibl e T h e
y m a rr on l
y y
selv e s .T h e d ea d are con sid e re d i mp ure ; th ey
.
ca us e th e m to b e b u rie d b th e T urk s a n d C h ri s
y
tia n s . T h e me n h a v e th e ma n n ers of th e w retch e d
of a ll cou n trie s b e in g in te mp e ra te
,
A fe w of th e i r .
l icity .
At th e i r p a ssov er th ey go annuall y up on Ge
r izi m to offe r a s h ee p for a sa crifi ce F ormerl y
'
fi ce d a s h ee p a n d a l a mb ; b ut th eir mea n s be i n g
s t ra it e n e d th ey con t e n t th e ms elv es a t p re se n t w i th
,
a g e n e ra l offe ri n g .
p a r ti cul a rl y th e S e ra f e l B el e d o r
-
S e-
ra f o f th e ,
th e m b ut th ey e sca p e d by p re te n d in g th e y w e re
,
J ew s T h e S a ma rita ns sp ea k A ra bi c a n d corrup t
.
H e b re w .
th e S a ma ri ta n s of N a p l ouse th e q ues t i on s of G re
,
o ire a m l ifi e d a n d ob ta in e d from th e ch ie f of
g p ,
W
th e i r sy na g og u e a n a ns w er in A ra bi c wh ich wa s
*
,
Al e pp o .
e h a v e re ce iv e d o u r ki n d l e tt er in w h ich o u
y y
W
p pro os e th irt
y q ues tions c on ce rn in g th e re l ig ious
d octrin es of th e S a ma ri ta n n a tion Y ou d e ma n d .
y , ra n y o
re q ues t .
t i ta n s a re n ow fou n d ? Y ou w ill fi nd a n a ns w er to
th is q uestion a mon g th e oth ers ; b ut w e d es i re y ou
to e x a min e th e l ette r w h i ch y ou h a v e rece iv e d from
P a ri s a nd s ee if a ny me n ti on is th ere ma de of th ose
,
Th e 2 ] st artic e wi l ll a
ppea r u ndoubted ly v e ry obsc ure, and e ven
u n intell ig ibl e.
ms ronr '
on TH E JE S W . 5 07
G regoi re w h e th er h e h a s a ny k n ow l edge of th es e
,
a n d w ith th os e w h o a re in R us s ia .
Th e 14 th of J ul y a ccord in g to th e G reci a n
ca l e n d a r ; th e ea r of th e H e b re w e ra s i n ce
y ,
Ad a m ; th e y ea r 32 5 6 s in ce th e d ep artu re of th e ,
W
I sra eli tes from E gy p t ; T uesd ay 3d of J uma el h i ,
12 2 3 (of th e H eg ira )
, .
S ig n e d S a l a me K a h en mKah en m of th e S a ma ,
r i ta n n a tion a t N a l ous e
p .
S i ch e m p ra is e th e Lo rd
, A men . .
a n d J ad a b ut it is n ow a h u n d re d y ea rs s in ce w e .
w h o wa s g oi n g to J eru sa l em a n d h a d a H eb re w ,
h a v e b een a ny S a ma ri ta ns in E gy p t .
c h ild re n .
n a me d b o u r l ord J a cob th ki g f t h S m
y e n o e a ,
a
rita n s a n d w h e re h e res id ed
, as is writte n in ou r ,
hol y B ibl e .
e a re rea ll
ca ll e d I s ra e l
w h om s p ra n g th e tw e lv e trib es w h o e n te re d in to
.
y d
from
,
e
,
W .
a g a in b th e n u mb e r of s ix h u n d re d th ous a n d
y .
W
, ,
of A mmm ; a n d w h o e n tere d in to th e l a n d o f
C a na a n w h e re w e th e d escen d a n ts of th e fi rs t
, ,
s e ttl e rs
,
s till con tin ue a fte ral l th e mig ra tion s w h ich
,
h a v e h a p p e n e d to u s e a re of th e trib e of
.
A rt 6 th T h is is th e d iffe re n ce b e tw e e n th e
. .
J e w s a n d ourselv e s ; th e l a w is on e a n d con s is ts of ,
A rt 7 th T h e ir l a w is e x a ctl y th e s a me a s ours
’
. .
ma n d me n ts g iv e n by G od to M os e s S ome ra bb ie s .
h a n d e d d ow n on th e ta bl e s of p recious s ton e
m
.
F ro th is w e s h a ll n e v e r d e v ia te a n d con form ,
y t , .
A rt 9th T h e re is th e n n o d iffe re n ce b e tw e e n
. .
o ur l a w a n d th a t of th e J e w s e xce p t in th e
’
‘
, ,
ch a ra cte rs .
5 10 msr oa r '
or ra n JEWS .
p re ce t
p th ere mea n t , H ea r, O I sra el , G od is our
G od h e is on e, &c .
oth e r a n i ma l s w roug h t b m n s ha nd s P
’
e
y
G od sa y s a ga i n T h ou s h al t fea r a n d a d ore the
,
s h a l t s w ea r b
y h im H ow t h e n ca n w e w ors h i
.
p
ima g es a n d forg et h is comma n d s T h ere a re in a n y
'
h im a t al l t ime s .
th e e n d of th e t i me of g ra ce a n d th e d es t ructi on of , .
G od comman d e d al l I s ra e l to ob serv e i s in a fi x e d ,
a n d i n v a ri a bl e ti me w h i ch is th e fi rs t mon th of th e
,
ea r a s i t is sa id T h is is a l a w for a l l a ge s on th e
y , , ,
s u n i t is to b e ob se rv e d in th e c h osen p l a ce w h i ch is
, ,
W
nis ronr or TH E
'
J EWS . 5 11
W
M oun t G eriz im . e ea t i t a t mid n ight, a ccor d in g
to th e ri tes p res cr ib e d by th e l a w, a nd th a t 01
106
15 th .
w h ich a re comma n d e d a s it is sa id
vi ct i ms w ith th e r i te s
e offe r ou r
Y ou s h a l l
, ,
“ '
.
th e g oa ts or from t h e s h e e p a n d k ee p it u n til th e ,
i n th e fi re a n d ea t it in h a s te rej oici n g
, T h i s sa .
p y ,
to b e d e ta il e d .
W
Art l 6 th T h e s e sa crifi ces ough t to b e offe re d
. .
w e h a v e ma d e th e m in th e ci ty a s w e ca n not n ow ,
rep a ir to th e mou n ta in .
c i ty ) a n d s a cr ifi ce to th e Lord o u r G od .
of th e p e op l e of I s ra e l in to C a n a a n M ou n t G e riz im ,
h is l a w . T h e sa crifi ce of th e pa s s ov e r mus t n ot b e
ma d e in a ny of th e in ha b ited p l a ces w h ich th e L ord
h as g iv e n y ou b ut on l y in th e s p ot w h ic h G od h a s
,
.
d es ig na te d for th is p urp os e T h i s p l a ce is th e .
.
th a t it ca n b e offere d b ut on ce a y ea r T h os e .
to p e rfor m th e m b ut onl
W
f or t we n ty ea rs p as t
y y ,
ci t
y b ec
, a us e it is c o m p ris e d in th e c h o s e n
p l a ce s .
of Le v i b ut n o I ma n
, or g ra n d p on tiff
, I n this .
c oun tr
y w e h a,v e h a d n o p r i es t s o f A a ro n f o r o n e
h un d re d a n d fi fty y ea rs p a st .
l a w in H e b re w H a k ch e m H a gga dol a n d in A ra bi c ,
.
, ,
w r i tt e n in th e l a w H e h a s a l so oth er p ri vil e g es
.
w h i ch w ould b e too l on g to d e ta il .
a re divid ed i n to d ifl e re n t cl a ss es a n d w h a t a re th es e,
W
ob s e rv e d d ivi s ions T h es e are th e e n ga gemen ts
.
I s aa c a nd J a cob; a n d b efore th es e w i th N oa h a nd
, ,
a l s o w ith P h in e h a s by w h i ch h e es ta bl ish e d h im
,
a n d th re e e n ga g e men t s w i th M os es ; a n d th e H e b re w
W W
sea , w h ich a pp ea rs in th e ecli p ses of th e s u n a n d
mobn a n d th e conj u ncti on s by w h ich w e k now ou
,
'
th e feas t w h i ch w e cel e b ra t e a n d on w h a t da y of ,
th e w e e k it w il l ta k e p la ce e h a v e ma ny oth e r
.
W 111 mm or ra n J aw s.
W
e ca nn ot ma rry , b ut con forma bl y to th e l
ru es ,
a nd in th e d eg re es p er mi tte d by th e l a w .
on sa bb a th s a n d fe s tiva l s w h e n w e o to th e te m l e
g ,
p ,
w e d re s s w h oll y in w h i te .
W
E gy p t D a ma scus A sca l on a n d Ce sa rea
, , But s ix
, .
h un d re d y ea rs h a v e el a p s ed s i n ce th es e we re ca rri e d
,
a wa
y b y th e F ra nk s a n d a re n
, ow fo u n d i n th e i r
w h i ch h a v e ta k en p l a c e in p as t a ges a ccordi n t o
g ,
th e w ill of G od .
a nd ro h ibi t ed in ma rri a g e T h e p ra e rs w h i ch
y
p .
a re th re e p ra y e rs for th e sa bb a th a n d ea ch h ol y da y ,
s s ov e r ; th e fea s t of s e v e n d a y s w h e n w e ea t
p a ,
ri zi m th e fea s t of P e n t ecos t w h i ch is ob s e rv ed ,
a ce rta i n n u mb er of d a y s a n d is termi na te d b
, y
a sol e mn fe s tiv a l in w h ich w e p rese n t ourse lv es
b efore G od A t th a t t i me w e do n ot sl ee p a n d
.
,
e mp l oy ourse lv es w i t h ou t ceas i n g d ay a n d n ig h t in ,
.
,
rea di ng th e l a w a nd p ra i s i ng G od
,
Th e fi fteen th .
'
n s ron r
r or T HE JEWS . 5 15
th e . t w e n ty -
secon d is th e fes tiv a l of '
l
c os in g of a l l th e h ol y d a y s w i th , ce re mon ie s
Al l .
W
, p ,
a n d th
ep l a ce f o r th e s a c ri fi ce s enj oi ne d in th e l a w , .
'
ra
p p y
,
e v e n in g .
th e y e a r 1808 of J e s us C h ris t,
.
T h e l ea rne d a u th o r to w h om w e a re in d e b te d for
th is re ce n t a ccou n t of th e S a ma rita n s ob se rv es ,
th a t d urin g on e h un d re d a n d n in e te en y ea rs th e
c ommun ica tion b e tw e e n th is s ect a n d th e E u rop ea n s
L r. 2
5 16
of th e i r sect were to be
'
n rsr oa r or TH E J E
found in
W S.
R uss i a G e noa
W
a nd .
T h ey a re n ot k now n in a ny p a rt of E urop e a nd ,
t h a t th os e of J a tfa a n d N a pl ous e a re th e o nl y S a ma
t ita n s i n e x is te n ce . h a t th ey s a y of th e tra n s mi
ra tion of th e ir b re t h re n w h o w ere ca rrie d to
g ,
E urope by th e F ra n k s a p p ea rs to b e tota ll y d es
,
U n de r th e na me of th e P a l es tin e A s s oci a ti on
'
,
,
a s oci e ty h a s rece n tl y b een forme d in E n gl a n d the ,
h ol y l a n d a n d th e a dj a ce n t c ou ntries
,
T h e a mia bl e
.
be fore h is ey es h e w il l fi nd in i t th e e x p ress i on of my
,
e s t e em a n d m
, y d es i re th a t h e a n d h is w orth
y coa d
S amari tans .
5 18 ms ronir '
or THE JEWS .
In d
or e r to rea d es ig ns I s ra el a ss umed th e
liz e h is ,
ma sk of ex emp l a ry p ie ty a nd j oi ne d to h is n a me
' '
t h a t of Ba l sch e m or p os s ess or of th e n a me of G od
, .
w h om h e ca ll e d Ch as idi m T h is na me d es ig na ted .
w ith th e e ld e rs of th e sy n a g og ue of B rod to w ri te ,
vi s i te d h im to p rocl a i m th a t w h oe v e r l ov e d G od
, ,
w i th th e C h a s id irn w h o u n d e r th e ma n tl e of h y po
‘
, ,
os t o ul e n t p e op l e a n d
p ,
a n d w h ich co n ta in s a b om i na bl e p rin ci p l e s He .
p
d a ng e rous sa id he to p e rmit rea son to i n terfe re in
, ,
m ay or ru n J EWS . 5 19
se rv es ,
th a t th e se id ea s a re con tra ry to th e J e w is h
l a w ; for M os es comma n d s us tos tudy th e la w s of
rel ig ion a n d th e s ta t e For w h y s h ould G od h a v e
.
I f p ra y er is n ot a ccomp a n i e d w i th a fe rv e n t
e l e v a tion of th e h ea rt to G od w h a t is it b ut a n
, ,
i n crea s e it it is n eces sa ry to p ra y s l ow ly a n d
, ,
m M a ny of our na tion in d ee d
.
w ith out c l a o u r ?
ra e r a re su e rfl uous et t h e serv e to s t re n g th e n
p y p y y
ou r recoll e ction .
p rl nc i l e
p e
,
s ec iall
p y a mo n g t h os e w h o h a v e re ce iv ed
ch e m s t i h
'
p a r za n s to s uch a d e g re e t a t th e
y ,
a s su me d a ne w for m T o a s ingl e l ea d e r th ey s ub
.
p .
a e a re d a t K ors tch ik a nd Z ul k ie w i tw o t
pp n p a r s , .
I n th e fi rs t p a rt h e g iv e s to h is foll ow e rs a g e n e ra l
.
,
y ,
b u t e v e n a re wa rd ,
a d h e re n ts to p ra y to Ab ra h a m th e fa th e r of th e ,
J e w s w h o h a s con d ucted s o ma ny of h is u n ha p p y
,
ra ce to th e t ru e b el ie f a n d w h o h a s p re s e rv e d it in
, .
d o n ot b el on g to th e H e b re w n a ti on e s p e cia lly h is ,
s ect .
ta tion s ha v e fa il e d , a nd w h il e w e
d e r j us t ice to
.
re n
th a t m o st of th e m h a v in g th e i r re s id e n ce ou t Of
,
ma n I w rote ma ny l e tters to h im to O p e n h is ey es
W
, ,
th e e s t i ma bl e con d uc t h e h a d b e fore ma i n ta i n e d
I w rote a l s o to th e p ri n cip a l d irector of th is se ct ,
a l s o a j o urn e
y I m a d e w i th th e sa me v ie w s
'
B ut .
re n ce w ould be i n te re s ti n g to ma n e op l e I p r i n te d
y p ,
E mbold e ne d by th e s ucces s of th is p a mp h l e t I p ub ,
l is h ed in th e s a me c i ty my w ork K iw roth Ha ta y w a
, , ,
w h ic h is a s e v e re b ut i mp a rtia l critic is m u p on th e
,
a p roba ti on of th e w i s e Ta l m u d is ts w h e th er n a
p ,
tio n a l or fore ig ne rs
'
I a m n ow a bout to giv e
.
WW
.
by a dd ress i n g me in th i s d esp ot i c
n itey s t. h o has d
or e re d y ou to
P Are y ou more w is e th a n many oth ers ,
w h o h a v e fa il e d in th e e n te rp riz e I f y ou h a v e an y
th in g to obj ec t to u s, a t l ea s t it w a s n ot n e ces sa ry to
div ulge it to d iscre di t i
ou r n a t on , a rea l dy too much
h u mbl e d .
I s r a el L ochel .
y It is t our
n e cessa r to correc
ou f ou k n ow it is n ot p e rmitt e d to a n y i n di
y , or
y
W
v id ua l e ccl e s ia s tica l or civ il to foun d or p a tronize
, ,
a n e w s ect . It is sa id in h ol y w rit th e l a w s a re
t ,
H a s a ny ma n e v e r ch a n g e d h is G od a n d h is fa i th
h y fro m th e comme n ce me n t of y our se ct h a v e
y o u a ffe cte d a cl a n d es tine
p rog r e ss ? I f y ou on l
y
a sp ire to th e titl e of s e a ra tis ts l iv e a s a con s id e ra bl e
p ,
rej e ct th e ir O p in ion s ; b u t y ou a b h or a l l w h o a re
n ot of
y o u r s ec t A s to w h a t
.
y ou sa
y re s
p e cti n
g
'
re ve n g e th e d ea th of J es us C h ris t u on th e d e s ce n d
p
a n ts of th e J e w s T hey do n ot b el ie v e th a t the
.
J e w s s h o uld b e obl ig e d to d e te s t a l l w h o a re n ot of
t h e ir rel ig ion T h ey do n ot b eli ev e th a t our rel ig ion
.
Le t us h op e .
B ut ma ny of th e C h ri s tia ns w ill n ot s ee th a t th i s
accu sa ti on is onl y a p re te n ce i n v e n te d b y h a tre d
a ga in s t ou r n a tion T h ey h a v e l e ft us n o oth e r
.
ti a ns d o n ot h a te th e J e w s a s s uch ; a n d i n e x ,
W
s ta te I h a v e d on e n o i nj ury to our n a ti on I th i n k
,
.
.
I s r a el b h or th e ma xi ms of y our
L oe bel . I a
O u forb id th e s i ck to con s ul t a p h y s ic ia n ; a n d
y ,
ou ta k e money from th e u nh a pp y a n d p e rs ua d e
y ,
th e m y ou ca n a v e rt from th e m th e w ra th of h e a v e n .
By y ou r d ish on es ty a nd ra p me y ou h a v e ma d e
'
th ous a n sd o f me n to p er i s h ; y o u h a v e ca u se d di
v orce s , ,
. .
5 26 ms roa r
'
or ra n J a ws .
a n e w ord e r c on s id e ri n th a t s ome me mb e rs of th e
, g
s e ct of p i ous J e w s (d ie f rom e n j u
, d e n ) h a d ma d e
re mon s t ra n ce s a ga in s t th e m .
to th e e mp e ror w i th a cop y of my p a mp h l e ts a n d
, ,
u nl ties in A ustria n a n d R us s ia n P ol a n d
, .
of Pol a n d e s pe ci a ll
, y a t G rod z is k a t B iel s k a nd a t , ,
S trik ow
*
.
The th or of th e w or
l ea rn e d au rom w h ich th e k f ,
a b ov e a ccoun t is t ra n s l a t e d ob s e rv e s T h us en ds
‘
, ,
eve r ,
b ee n contra di cte d by a P oli s h J e w w ell ii1 ,
c ri mes i m u te d to th e C h a s id im a re s o e normous
p ,
W
a ca use of th is ki n d u on th e e x cl us iv e e vid e n ce of
p
on e a dv oca t e
e
“
b el ie v e a l l th a t G od h a s ta ug h t a n d Ord a in e d in th e
Ol d T e s ta me n t T h e g ra ce of G od is in d isp e nsa bl e
.
bl as p h e mi es a ga i ns t G od G od is th e C rea tor of .
a l l th a t e x is ts ; G od is o ne in e s s e n ce a n d tr i l e in
p ,
e rs on I t i os sibl e th a t G od b e ca m i t
p . s
p e n ca r na e ,
e x i a t e h u ma n s i n s A ccordi n g to th e h i
p .
p r o p ec e s ,
*
1 G re goire s His toire de s Sec tes Bel igie use s , tom ii
’
. .
528 HISTO RY O F THE JEWS .
u n d e r th e d irce
'
W
,
m
'
a n d a s th e w e re in ce ssa n tl i n s ul te d b th ore
y y y e
n u merous Ta l mudi s ts w h o ca us e d th e m to be e x
,
p t e
y ,
w e re con d e mn e d to p a y th e m a fi n e a n d a l so to ,
te c tor of th e A n ti T a l mu d is ts a n d e x h orte d th e tw o
-
a rtie s to l iv e l n d t h t th i th e
p p ea ce a n o s e a rc ru ,
n
d is ts w rote to A ug us tus II I k in g of P ol a n d a n d to .
,
to th e a rc h b is h op of L e mb u rg d ecl a rin g to h im th a t ,
th e y re cog n iz e d J e s us C h ris t a s th e M e s s ia h a n d ,
d es ire d ba p tis md
T ow a rd s th e concl us ion Of th e l a s t ce n tu ry th e re ,
w e re a t P ra g ue J e w s w h o w ere or w h o w e re s a id ,
'
to be ,
d is c ip l e s of Z a b a th a i T ze v i T h e ra b bi
e xc o mmu n ica te d th e m e v e n r om th e oth er w or l d
f ,
a n d in te rd ic te d th e m from e n te ri n g th e s n a g o gu e
y ,
ca us e d s e v e ral of th e p rin c ip a l p e rs e cu to rs to b e .
p rese n t time h a s be e n m
e n tio n e d in c ha
p te r 2 2 nd .
1 G rego ire Hi t
s oire des Sectes Re i ie uses , tom lg p 3 12
’
’
s . 11. . .
5 30 ms ronv '
or THE JEWS .
C H AP T E R XXX I X .
O f th e d iss im l ti u af m y J w wh h
on o
p f an e s o a ve ro esse d th e Ch ristian
Socie ty .
a mon g h is b re th re n w h o in a l l a g e s h a v e
“
rofe sse d
p
, ,
v ol un ta ril y b ut by comp ul s i on a s i n S p a in a n d
, ,
e l s e w h e re ; th a t n otw ith s ta n d in g th e y s ee me d to
a os ta tiz e a n d p ret e n d e d to e mb ra ce C h ris tia n it
p , y ,
return to J u d a is m I a m free to a s se rt sa y s h e
”
“
.
, ,
th a t th ere is s ca rcel y a n i n s ta n ce of a J e w e v er
h a v in g e mb ra ce d C h ris tia n i ty on th e p ure p rin cip l es
of re l igion b ut me rel y from i n te re ste d
,
It is a n a ck n ow l e dge d fa c t th a t th e re h a v e b e e n
mul titud es of d isse mbl ing J e w s p a rticul a rl y in ,
. 5 31
doubfl es g m
a nu mb e r in e ve r
y m
a
g, e w h o h a v e p ro:
— _ _
fess e d
—
th e
s ome of w h om h a ve w ritte n a n d
fi ’
of i ts tru th
‘
*
’ "
re a c h e d in d e fe n ce of th e fa ith th e
i
p y o n c e d e n ie d .
S e ve ra l in s ta n ce s a p p a re n tl y of th is k in d ,h a ve b e e n
,
b e ca me a z ea l o us p re a ch er of th e G osp el H e l iv e d .
a n d d ie d in H oll a n d s ]
In 17 97 J ua n J os e p h H ey d eck a l ea rn e d J e w ish
, ,
con v e r t in S a in u bl is h e d a t M a d rid w k
p p a ,o r ,
of or ie n ta l l a n g u a g e s in th a t cou n try ;
P
M r La p id oth a w ea l th y a n d re s p e c ta bl e J e w in
.
,
W
th e J e w is h re l ig ion ; a n d h a v in g s e cre tl y p roc u re d
a N e w T e s ta me n t a n d con tin ue d h is re s ea rch e s , ,
In Ch pm E a
’
an s u se biu s we h a v e a n a cc o u nt from ol fi u s , J . Se a
l ig K idd B y l J l
'
e r, e r, a e, &c . of tw e n ty -
n in e ews of ta e n ts a n d c re d it
con v e r e t d t C h i ti o r s a n it
y by a n 'a c c u ra te in ves ti a tio n of th e p rop h e g
c ie s . S m f th
o e o e se h a v e be e n me n tioned in ch a p te r xxv a nd oth er .
p a rts o f th is w o rk .
1
'
Ch ris t ia n Ob se rv e r , 1809 .
1
'
G re g oi re s
’
Hi t s o re , i &c
6 32 H I S TO R Y O F TH E JEWS .
“
C h ri s tia n rel igi on I n 1805 h e a n d h is fa mily ,
a bou t th e
y ea r 18 00 i n a t te m p
, tin g th e co n v e rs ion of
r in ci l es Of C h ris tia n it T r ct w l o ri t e d
p p y a s .ere a s p n
con ta in in g e v id e n ce s Of th e d iv in e origin of th e
'
G os p el T h is S oc ie ty w a s a t fi rs t comp os e d of
.
in a h is tory of th e J e w s th a t to th e mun ifi ce n ce of
,
Re v th e Lord s B is h op s Of S t D a v id s a n d G l ou
. .
’
E g l ic l M g z
va n e i a 1 806 a a ne , .
5 34 H ISTO RY O F THE JEWS .
a re s ure
p r og n os tics of its
p pe r e tu i t y I t is
. o n e o f
t h ose institutions w h ich l ik e th e B ibl e S ociety
, , ,
n e ed s o n l t o b e p rop os e d t it lf t
y o , s e o
ro rie t a n d 1 ma add b th d iv i bl ig ti it
p p y y , y e n e o a o n
I e n terta in a cOn fi de nt h op e th a t th is
,
i n v olv es .
,
e n d ure ,
to u se a n orie n ta l e x p re ss ion a s l on g a s ,
s u n a n d moon e n d u re or a t l e a s t a s l on g a s th e re
, ,
is a J e w in th e w orld w h o is n ot a C h ri s tia n
“T h ere is a mea s ure I would p rop ose to th e
, .
a n d s u cce ss I w ould ;
th e e ve n ts of th e l a te w a r i n I n d ia a col ony Of ,
is th e c ol on y of th e W h ite a n d Bl a ck J e w s of
C och in T h e n u mb e r is ca l c ul a te d to b e a b out
.
s ix te e n th ou sa n d . I a m in forme d th a t th e n u mb e r of
,
J e w s in th e U n ite d K in gd om is n ot co mp ute d to b e
g re a te r th a n fourte e n th ousa n d S o th a t ou r J e w is h
.
e r mitte d me to e xa min e th e ir l ib ra r ie s a n d th e ir
p
s n agog ues ; a n d th e re se n te d to me ma n y v a l u
y y p
a bl e ma n u s cri ts w h ic h a re d e p os ite d in th e l ib ra ry
p ,
H ISTO RY O F THE JEWS . 5 35
of th e Of C a mb rid g e ;
un i e rs it
v O Of t h i
y n e e s e s
a roll of th e P e n ta te uch on g oa ts s k in s d e d re d
’
y ,
T h e H in d oos ca ll th e m I s ra el i th ey ca ll th e ms e lv e s
B e n i I sra e l a n d n ot J e w s ; for th e ir a nce stors d id
-
,
h ea rd Of th e s econ d te mp l e th ey n ev e r h ea rd of th e
C h ris tia n a ccount Of th e comin g Of th e M es sia h .
a n ce Of th e
‘
sa
p l ia r r ite s
bb a th , a nd Of ec u , d e mon
s tra te th a t th e
y a re J e w s T h e W h ite J e ws o f .
w ith th e m b e ca us e th e y do n ot b el on g to th e s econ d
,
th e p e op l e s O u th e ir a ccou n t ,
T h e W h ite J e w s .
e x e c t a s e c on d C rus fro m th e W e s t w h o s h a ll
p y
*
,
b u il d th e ir te mp l e th e th ird a n d l a s t time
‘
“
th e h ea th e n w orld .
I w a s in formed th a t ma ny y ea rs a go on e of ,
th e J e w s tra n sl a ted th e N e w T e s ta m en t in to H e b re w
th e a rg u me n ts of h is n e ig h b ours th e S y ri a n C h ri s ,
n ow i n th e l ib ra r of th e u n iv e rs it of C a mb ridg e
'
y y .
h
h l y ity i
o c p t to th mi d Of th J w wh
s e v er res e n th
e bj t i
n s e e s, en e su ec s
c oncern n i g th m l e ti ; fo th
se ve s as a na gh w ith ut k i g d on r ou o a n , an
‘
w ith ou t t y th y
a coun r t tl y p k f th
, e ity f th i
cons a n tio s ea o e un O e r na n.
Di t s a nc e O f tim d pl c mt h
e an ff t i
a e s ee bl it ti g th
s o a v e no e ec n o e ra n e
m mb l ti I Oft th ugh t f th
“
re e f th d
ra n ce O e es o a on . i th en o o e v e rse n e
P l m If I f g t th 0 J
sa s, or e l m l t my igh t h d f g t h
ee , e rusa e , e r an or e er
cu nn n i g T h y p k f P l ti
. e s ea b i g l O t h a es d d
ne as e n c os e a an , an
ea s il y e ibl
a cc ss It i b e.m d i s f th i
e co b bi i
e a n or m n a nce O e r ra ns n so e
p l
a ces , th t w h a m,
b i l d
en a w h an h h l l l
u m
s a ne ll ou se , e s a ea v e a s a
par t f oit fi i h d un n s m bl m f ui
e , d
as a n e w it n i t th
e o r n, an r e o ese
w d
or s, Z h L h h i i m m y of d l ti
e c er ac orc a n , . e. n e or es o a on .
T h i h p f b il di g th w ll f J
e r o es o re u l m th th i d nd
n e a s o e ru sa e , e r a
l t tim
as d
e, th pi
u n er f th M
e a us i h f
ces O d Cy e e ss a , or O a secon rus ,
b f
e ore hi mi g r l w y xp
s co n , d with g
a e a t a fid s e Th y
resse rea con e nce . e
ha ve ag l imp i th t th p i d f th i l ib ti f m
e ne ra re s s on , a e er o o e r e ra on ro
th e y , a s ure s ig
n of ou r a pp roa ch in g resto ra tion , th a t in a lm ost a l l
co un trie s th e re is a
g l l
e ne ra re axation of the persecutions a
g a ins t u s .
’
—R esea r ch es i n Asia , 2 2 6.
5 38 HISTO RY OF THE JEWS .
p y ,
L on d on .
b ut a k in gd om of J e w s to w hich th is S oc ie ty ma y ,
th e te n tr ib es s o l on g l os t h a v e a t l e n g th b e en
, , , ,
i n v es t iga tion of th e l ea rn e d In I n d ia th a t th e ,
W h en I w a s in th e s outh of I n d ia I a sk e d th e ,
, .
rom tl th t th w t b f n d in th e n orth
p p y a e,y ere o e o u ,
W
,
u n d e r th e a dv a n ta ges w h i ch my s up erin te n da n ce of
l ia m J on es h a d record ed it a s h is O p in ion th a t th e
W
,
th e bes t P er is an h istoria ns af r fi
m th a t th e Affgh a ns a re d esce nd ed
,
from th e J e ws ; a n d th e h a v e a mo ng th e m s e l v es t ra d itions of t h e
y
sa me import . It is ev en a sse rte d th a t th e ir fa mil ies a re d is tin gu is h ed
,
l s l a mis m th ey l
h av e s tud ious y concea e d th e i r ori in l g Th e l g g
an ua e
WW
.
th e y u se h as a l
ma n ifes t rese mb a nce to th e h a da ic, C l a nd a cons id e r
p 7
. 6 ,
a nd or k s o f Si r il l ia m J on e s , v ol . i p 33 6
. . .
rities .
H ISTO RY OF T HE JE
g h a n J e w s in C a l cu tta a t th e time : on e of my
.
‘ ‘
O w n s e rv a n ts w a s a n A fl h a n
g T h e Af l g h a n s a re
.
ge n e ra ll y re p u ted by u s to b e M a h ome da n s I a sk e d .
my s e rva n t if h e w a s a M a h ome da n ? No s a id
”
he ,
“ m
I a a Ma h omeda n J e w I p l a in l y d is .
”
,
ce rn e d in h is coun te n a n ce th e fea tu re s of th e
L on d on J e w T h e ge n era l a ccou n t of th e Afi gh a n s
'
W
is th is ; th a t th e ir a n cestors w ere J e w s ; th a t th e ir '
a n d O th e r k in g s of I s ra e l ; th a t th e M a h ome da n s
.
ca me u p on th e m w i th a n in v a d in g a r my a n d s a id ,
u n to th e m e a re J e w s a s w e ll a s
, y o u w e Ob s e rv e
c irc u mc is ion a n d k ee s in
‘
p,
th e sa bb a th ; l e t u cor
p ora te ou r na tion s a n d b e on e , e
p p o l e a n d u n ite ,
a ga in s t th e i n fi d e l s th a t t h ey ma d e a S h ow of
,
-
ie l d in g to M a h ome d a n is m a s th e J e w s of S a in
y ( p
a n d P o rtu g a l p re te n d e d to y ield to C h ris tia nity ) ; b u t
i n p roce s s Of time th e a s ce n da n cy of th e n e w re l i
g ion corrup te d th e ir a nc ien t in s titution s th e Ir sa cre d
b ook s b e g a n to d imin is h in n u mb e r a n d it ca me to
a ss a t l a s t h a i n ma n l a ce s th e c oul d b e on l
'
p t t y p y
, y
r ec og n iz e d to b e J e w s b th e ir cou n te na n ce b
y y ,
r e ce iv e th e m in th e s ta te in w h ich b y th e p rov id e n ce ,
Of G od th e y a re to b e foun d S ome Of th e J e w s
,
.
th e na me a s th e Affgh a n s of I nd ia
,
.
an
y ,
J e w i s h n a ti on .
L et l ette rs th en b e a dd re s s ed to th e se th ree
‘
a p a rt Of th i s S oci e t y : b ut n ot in th e ra bb in ica l
b ut in th e H e b re w Of th e O ld T esta men t w h i ch a l l ,
th a t h a v e ta k en p l a ce in th e w es t n a me ly th a t , ,
to b e res t o re d in a s i rit ua l s e n s e
p
T h e d octor e x p re ss e s h is s urp ri s e th a t th e
.
,
“
S ocie ty h a v e n ot as y e t Ob ta in e d a v e rs i on Of th e
N e w T e s ta me n t in th e H e b re w l a ng ua g e for th e
u se Of th e J e w s H ow st ra n g e
. sa s b e
y i t , ,
“
ea rs t h a t d u ri n g a iod Of ig h t n h u n d re d
a
pp , , p e r e e e
e a rs t h e C h ri st i a ns s h ould n e v e r h a v e g iv e n th e
y ,
u n b e li e f of th e J e ws a n d h a v e n e v er a t th e s a m
,
e
y .
to th e Ri h t g Re v th e
. L o d B i h op
r s of St . D a v id s ,
’
d a ted M osco w ,
F e b rua r
y 1818, by th e Re L ew is of S ta n s ted Pa rk S usse x,
”
m
v. a
y , ,
w h o , in co
p y an with th e Re v . N e h e mia h S o l mon
o ,
a co n v e rte d J ew ,
re cent ly o rd a ine d to th e minis try in th e ch u rch of E gl d n an ,
h a s tra
from H ll to R u ss ia , a nd from th e n ce t th C im
W
ve l le d o a nd o e r ea , for th e
l g th e p f th J w
.
l
Al l th e p u b ica tio ns of th e Lond on ocie ty S a re to be h ad at th e
h ouse, N0 10, a rd robe a ce, Doctors
’
o Pl C mmo ns.
C H AP T E R X L .
Gene ra l ch a ra c te r o f th J w m
e l d l it y — Of th
e s, ora an era r . e nu mber of
th is pe o l
e no w xi ti ge—C l d i g R fl ti
s n onc u n e ec ons .
p .
T H E J e ws ,
d in g th e ca l a mities th ey
n otw ith s ta n
in fa v our of th e fi rs t H e b re w s in sp i re d th e i r ,
W
th e D e ity n e v er h on oure d I n th e sa me ma n n e r .
u n ifo mi ty of v ie w s th a t a p p ea r to h a v e in fl ue n ce d
r
th e a ction s Of th is e xtra ord in a ry p e op l e th rou g h th e
cou rs e of s o ma ny a ge s f Th e Ra bbi n is ts w h ich ,
th e ir l a n g ua g e a n d re l ig ion a n d a b a n d on e d n one of ,
B g P 748 G g i
as na e, . th
. R f m ti
re f th J w
o re on e e or a on O e e s,
p 37
. .
t E ss a
y on th e C mme rcia l
o Ch a ra c te r o f th e J ew s , p 5
. .
5 44 H IS TO RY O F T HE JEWS .
s ta te Of th e E u ro ea n o w ers in th e middl e a g es
p p
furn i sh e d th e m w ith ma ny a nd e v e n l a w ful mea ns , ,
Th th e f th L tt
au for ot i J w t V lt i e t e e rs o ce r a n e s o o a re asse r s ,
th t a th J w b i g di p
e ed i d iff
s, t ti
e n h md s e rse n ere n na ons , a ve ass u e
a Ge rman J ew of M tz e , ap
p ea r b oth to be a bso u te l ly diffe re nt .
”
T h ese l
pe op e , h ow ev e r, sa y s ou r a u th or, h a v e bee n modi fied
by th e ir d ispe rs ion ; b ut th is mod i c a tion e xtends on y to , fi l tw o O bj ects
I
Rq ma tion of J e w s , p 3 4— 3 6
‘
goire on th e or the . .
a ccou n t th e a re j us tl ce n sura bl e w o th
y y o u r u n r
y ,
th e J e w s h a v e a ll a l on g
p a id som e a tte n t i on to th eir
W
titl e s om th e i r s ch ol a rs or on oth ers w h o d es e r ve ,
lg
Ada ms Re i ious
’
o l d D i pl r s a
y ed , v ol . i .
p.80 .
1' T h y f m l y t bl i h d th
e or er es a s e e ce ebra te dl a ca d e mies of J afna ,
T ib i
e r as ,J l m Ly dd C
e ru sa e , a, esa re a , S e p h o ra in G a i ll ee , Ph e ru ty ,
e s ta b li hi g
s n sch oo s l in G erma ny , a n d oth e r p l ace s ; a n d mak ing g rea t
imp rov eme nts in l it e ra ture . Th e fo ll ow in g a re th eir mo st d is tin .
mies
gu i sh e d a cad e i n th e p rese nt d a y ; v iz. S a l onich i, Fe z, P a d ua ,
Amste rd a m Rome ,
.
ms romr '
or TH E JEW S . 5 47
T he se a pp ea r to be of mod e rn in stitution a n d to ,
ra
p .
,
a nce s w e re b t h e m es ta bl is h ed a n d h a n d e d dow n
y ,
“h
A n in ge n ious a u tho r, wh o is sa i d to b e of J e w ish
ori
gind ha s , h ow e v e r , b
o ser e d, v th a t t e e n tire
s s te m of d H e b re w
uca tion is i n imica l to th e
e
y
ro g re ss of th e h u ma n min d D k d s ta tiona r
p a r a n
y .
Ad m R l ig i W l d D i pl y d l i p 5 7
‘
a s e o ns or s a e vo . . . .
,
t M B I
. B e rr l b t d l it y J w i l tt d
saa c e rr, a ce e ra e e ra r e , n a e er a
d ress ed to h is b re th re n , l 79 l , o bse rv e s , w e h a v e be e n i n a ma nne r
co mpe ll e d to a ba n d o n mora l a nd p h y sica l s c ie nces
th e p u rs u it of a l l
,
g a th e r a s mu ch mo ne y a s w o ul d e ns u re p ro te ctio n a n d sa tisfy th e ,
rap a c it of o ur e rsec u to rs — Tr a ns a c ti on s
f th e S aa h edn m ry Pa r is
’
’
y p o .
,
p 14
. .
54 8
. ms romr
'
or THE J a ws :
a nd romine n t M e n of l earn in g a m on g
p
th e J e ws a re obl ig e d to e n cou n ter n ume rous oh
sta cl e s ; a n d th e ir mos t ma l ign a n t a n d p ow e rful
e n e mies a re fou n d a m on g th e ir d ome stic a s s ocia t es .
e ta p h s i cia n s a n d i n d ustrious
y ,
W
l itera ry ch a racte rs of e mi nence S ensibl e tha t th ey .
d o n ot a t p resen t b ea r ch a in s u n d e r ty ra nts th ey ,
y ,
a n d it is c omp u te d th a t th e re a re fou r h un d re d
,
,
T h ey,
a re sa id to b e more n u me rous i n P ol a n d th a n a n y
p a rt of E urop e ; a nd h a ve b ee n es ti ma te d a t s e ve n
D I
’
s rae li V’
s a u rien , or S k etch es of th e Times , vol . 11. p 2 45
.
2 50.
p f
ro ess e d di sc ip l e s of the b e ne v ol e n t R e d ee m e r
viol a tin g the funda me n ta l p re ce p ts of th e G OSp él ;
a ssuming a sh e w of p ie ty a s a ma s k for a v a rice an d ,
a p re te n ce for p ill a g in g a n u nh ap p y e
p p o le I f .
of ind ig n a ti on a n d c om a ss ion a re s us e n d ed b y
p p
a s ton ish me n t w h il e w e conte mp l a te th e bus h
b urn in g w ith fi re a n d n ot con su med —a h el p l ess , ,
”
ra ce of me n w h om a ll n a tion s h a v e en d ea v oured to
,
f th J w f f g
'
S h h b uc th ast t e en i
e s a e o B t e e s or a s e r e s o a es . u
i th l t
n e d p as t
an t y th i d iti
resen h b g tl y am
ce n u r e r co n on as ee n re a e
li t d i
o ra e i u p t fE
n var o p C hsi tiar s o y D B h
u ro e . r s a ns ,
”
sa s r. uc a na n ,
in al l c ou n tri es g
be i n to cons ide r, tha t th e in dign ation a ga ins t th e
ind i g na tion o f ma n is l
re a xin g . Th e p ro h ec ies h a v e bee n fu
p l ed lfi l
re ga rd in g it . Th e g rea t c ri me at Cl a va r
y h as bee n p u nish ed by a ll
o f th e
n a tio ns : a nd we n ow h ea r th e w o rd s prop het ad d ressing us ,
i n A si a , p 2 10
. .
HISTORY or THE JEWS . 55 1
it e t se a r te d b a w on d e rful d est i n a t i on
p u rs u s y p a
, y
ge n era l ma ss of ma n k in d .
rese rv a tion of th e J e w s a s a d is t in ct p e o l e
p
“
,
is a n e v en t u n p a ra ll el e d i n th e a nn al s of h is tory .
cou rs e n a tion s
, rel ig ion s a n d coun t ri es
, Wha t is , .
p o w e r e m b ra c e d th e w h o l e s u r fa ce of th e k n o w n
gl b
o e ? T h ey are only re memb ere d a s mon umen ts
of th e v a n it
y o f h u m a n g r e a tn e s s R o m e a n d .
j
ofte n s ub u ga ted s ta n d s th e t e s t of th i rt re v ol v in g
, y
ce n turies a n d th e fi er or d e a l of fiftee n ce n turi e s of
, y
p e rs e cution w e st il.l p r e s er v e l a w s w h ich w e re
g iv en to us in th e fi rst d a y s of th e w orld in th e ,
M M i h el B
. c a
’
l
Appe a to th e ustice of in s a nd a tions , ”
e rr s J K g N
wr itt d p bl i h
en an u s e d a t Stras b u r g
in 1801, a nd cite d in th e Tra nsa c
tions of th e Pa risia n S
a n h ed rim T
his ea rned a u th or i s cou nse or
. l ll
a t l a w, membe r of sev e ra l a cad e mies de p u ty for the d e a rtment
a nd
,
p
of la S e ine .
He s ti continu es to ll l
e xe rt a ll h is ta e n ts in defen ce of
g
the ri hts and interests of th e ews, wh om he rove d
p , J ia th e a bove
work , entitl ed to the be nevolence of all soverei ns g .
s ta n d in g . W I O
H ST R Y OF
l n ha v e b ee n s p a re d by the undis
e a o e
TH E J E W S .
y y
d es truction .
”
T h e J e ws sa s a l a te C h ri s tia n a uth or
y ,
-
a re ,
a s a d is tin ct a n d
p p
ec ul ia r ra ce for u wa rd s of th re e
th a t, w h e n th ey a re in th e l a n d of th e ir e n e mie s h e ,
"
,
,
W
e x te rmina tion w h il e g roa n in g u nd e r th e m
,
os t furious .
in tol era n ce §
W
.
t c i tic u s xxxiii 4 4 . . J
e remia h xxx 11 . .
e ou g ht above al l ,
”
sa y s a J e wis h write r, to re turn ou r
5 54 .
msronv or ra n JEWS .
p re se n t y cen ur M atn
y p i ous
.
ale
a n d l e a r n e d men
h a v e s upp os e d th a t th ey w ill n ot on l be con v erte d
y
-
p
t h ose wh o l ive d a fter th e Baby l on ia n cap tiv ity h ave
fore told th e ir res tora t i on in simil a r terms with th os e
w h o p reced e d th e m The con currin g tes ti mon y
.
of th is O p i n ion + .
, ,
e v e n ts w h i ch a c comp li s h th e m O v er the J e ws as .
D H tl y D P i tl y
r. ar e , d th
r. hr es w itte i def
e ,
an o e rs , a ve r n n e nce
o f the t ti f th J w t thei
res o ra on o ti e et y s At o l ter r na ve cou n r . a a
p i d
er o M F b h
r. p bl i
a er h d w k
as th ui bj s t
e i w hai h h or on s su ec , n c e
t Hart ey l ’
s Observ ati ons on Man, v ol . iii p 87 3
. . .
555
'
HISTORY os
’
rn n JEWS .
But w h il e th e op e ra tion s
D ivine P rovid en ce of
th e re d e mp tio n of I s ra el A n in sp ire d a p os tl e h a s
.
a s s ure d u s th a t th e J e w s
, th e n a tura l b ra n ch e s of
,
bel ie f w ill
, be g ra fte d l n a ga 1n
.
a nd
p a rtic i a te
p ,
e x il e s from th e ir ow n la n d a n d e x ose d
p a s th is
, ,
, ,
, ,
of fa ith .
Se e Romans xi 2 4 . .
APPE NDIX .
of wh ich s h a ll b e b rie fl
y m e ntioned .
th e l a st h ow e ve r is th e most p rob a b l e
, , H a d th e n ine .
from th e ir
'
th e y
d ev oir to
e a r.
th e “
But th e
g
I nd ia n America ns
re a t ben e fi ceut, s up re
a
p y
me , hol y
th e ir rel igiou s
s p i rit of
Th ey d o n ot
p y a th e l ea st p e rce ivab e
y l w orsh ip to an
s oe ve r. ’
W
p eo
p le ,
beca use th eir su
pp osed a ncestors , as th ey a fli r m,
w e re the immedia te govern me n t of th e De ity , w h o
und e r
of th e ol d d iv in e sp eech , h e a l wa y s ca l l s th em
be l ov ed , or
th eoc racy ,
or th at G od ch ose th em out of a ll th e re st of
ma nk ind ,
as h is p ec u l ia r p eOp l e , wh ich a l ik e a ni ma tes
Ada ir, p 15 . .
both the
stea d
y h a tred a g
W
h ite J ew a nd th e Red American w ith th a t
,
re nd e rs the m h a te d or d e sp ise d b y a l l
p
.
APPEN D IX
.
5 59
I
wi th Th e ndi a n l angu age a n d d ia l ec ts a p p ea r to h a ve
.
ll
th e fa ing of the e a f, a nd w in te r Th ey n umbe r th eir
l .
y ears from an
y of th ese fou r p e riod s,
for th ey h a v e n o
y ea r byl u n a r mo n th s l ik e th e I s rae l i
,
tes w h o rec k on ed b
y ,
moons Th e nu mbe r a nd regu l a r p eriod s of th e I n dian s
.
’
re l i iou s fe as ts is a d h i t i l f th t th o u nte d
g g oo s or ca
p r oo a e y c
6 th I n conformity to a nd a fte r th e ma n n e r of th e J e ws ,
.
Mr Ada ir h as
. a dd uced a n u mbe r of exa mpl es to sh ew the si m
il a rity of th e H e b re w a nd I ndia n l g g
an ua es.
5 60 A PPE N DIX .
I n d ia n s h a ve , l ik e th e H e b rew s
, a s acre d a rk , in w h ich
a re k e p t va rious h ol y l It is
v e sse s. ,
”
say s h e, w orth y
of n otice th at th ey n e ve r
‘
p l
th e grou nd , nor
a ce th e a rk on
s it on th e b a re e a rth w h il e th e rr in
y a re ca
y g it a ga in st th e
e ne my l
O n h il y grou nd w h e re s ton es are p l e nty th ey
.
l a ce it on th e m; bu t i n l e v e l l a nd u p on s h ort l ogs , a l w ay s
p
res tin
g th e mse l ves on th e sa me ma teria l s . Th ey h a ve a l so
a s stro n
g a fa ith of th e p ow e r a n d h o in ess of th e ir a rk , as l
e ve r th e I sra e l ites re ta ine d of th e irs Th e nd ia n a rk is . I
d ee me d s o s a cre d a nd d a ngerous to tou ch , e ith e r by the ir
ow n s a n c tifi e d w a rriors or th e sp oi ing e ne my l ,
th a t n e ith er
of th e m d a re medd l e w ith it on a ny a cc ou nt . It i s n ot to
b e h a nd l e d b y a ny , e xce p t th e C h iefta in a n d h is w a ite r,
u nd e r p e n a l ty of i ncu rring gre a t e vil ; n or w oul d th e most
‘
8th . I
Th e srae l ites h ad cities of refuge for th ose w h o
k ill e d a ers on I n l ik e ma n ner e a ch of th e
u na wa res .
p .
into it . In e ve ry I n d ia n n a tion
b e tw ee n l
th e festiv a s , fa s ts, a n d re igio u s rites o f th e l
H eb re ws
,
a nd th ose of th e Ame rica n I n d ian s . He oh
5 38
A ged a, cou nci l of J ews conv e ned a t th is p l a ce 33 9
p ro ceed in g s of th e as se mb l y 3 40
A goh a rd , b ish op , h is a tte mp t a a i ns t th e e w s g J 17 5
g
A rippa I g
ra nd so n to
. e rod th e G rea t, ma d e k in H g 56
Ag p ri pa 11 . a tte mpts to d is suad e th e J ews from enga in g gi n war 62
Ak ibh a , h is ch a ra cte r 103
fa v ou rs th e p rete nsions of Ba rch oc h eba 107
is p ut to a crue dea th l 109
l
A bi nus , th e Ro ma n o v e rn or, h is g ch arac ter 59
Al cimu s ma de h ig h i
p es t
r 25
Al pp e o, of th e J ew s in this c i ty 4 39
Al x e a n de r th e G re a t ente rs J er usa e l m in a friend y l man ne r
fa v ou rs th e J e ws 9
l
A exan de r J a n neu s , h is a te rca tion w ith th e h a risees l P 32
l
A e xa nd rina , h is w ife , fa v ou rs th e h a risees P 33
Al e xa n de r Se v e rus fa v ou rs th e Jw e s 12 0
Al exa nd e r VI .
pope , trea t s th e Jw e s with h u man ity 2 84
l
A e xand e r, (e mpe ror of R u ss ia ) h is e d ict i n fa v or of th e J ews . . 4 11
lg
A ie rs , th e e w s u n J j tl y p us ut to d ea th th e re 32 5
Al ma nsor , ca l ip h p t iz ,
a ron es th e J ews 16 8
l P
A ph onso eter , a conv e rted Je w 2 16
l
A p h onso, k in of S pa in, ra ise s th e g J ew s to c fli ces 184
Al ph o ns o V III . ca use of l
his ind u gence to th e J e ws 2 03
I ND EX . 5 63
W
.
l
A p h o ns o p ro tects th e XI
e ws . J
l
A sa ce , J e w s n u me rou s i n th a t p rov ince
'
Al sh e h , M o se s , a fa mou s J e w ish
p re a ch e r
Al -
a th e k ,
ca l ip h , O ppre sse s th e J e ws
Ana nu s , th e h i h p ries t, ta k e s g ar ms g
a a ins t th e Z e a o tsl
Aman n s re v ive s th e se ct of th e S dda u cees
An tioch u s th e G re a t c on q u e rs Sy i r a a nd P l a e s tine .
ml
1
.
Antipate r a de ie ute na nt of J u d e a
A ra b ia , of th e J e w s 1n th a t co un try . . . e .
A rc h e l
s so n of H e rod d eposed
au , , by Au gu tu s s .
Arme nia , J e ws
p s e r ec uted 1n tha t co u n try .
As mon ea n fa mi y , e n d l of th e i r re i g n . .
th eir
Athias , J ose p h . a ce e b ra ted l J e wish p rinte r
g J
.
Av i no n , of th e e ws in .
B .
B gd a t, ews n umerous in th is ci ty
a J 2 98
Ba l sch em, sra e , forms a new sect I l 5 17
Ba rch och eba p roc a ims h i mse f th e e ss ia h l l M 107
ra ises a n a rm a a ins t th e Ro ma ns
y g . ih .
B ar c u bb l i ti l J e w
, a ca a s ca . 2 70
B ed i t X III pope e d ea o s to co t th J w
en c .
, n v ur nv e r e e s
‘
2 57
Be j min d T ud l h i
n a o u t of th J w i
e th 12 th e a, s a cc n e e s n e c ent u
y
r 19 8
B d S t p ot cts th J w from th e C
e rn a r , . d r e e e s ru s a e rs 19 8
B ibl ig in f it d i i i
e, or i to h p te d o s v s on n c a rs a n v erse s
ea a r , a
B ombe g Da id p i t H b w book s i V i e
r , v , r n s e re n en c
B o g E tus M ximil i
r , o v e ted to C h ri ti
rne s ity a an, c n r s an .
B r g a r h bi h p of g g s th e Jews 1 a consp ir
a a, c s o ,
en a e n ac
y a
ga inst
th e h o of B g z u se ra an a
C bb l
a o t f
a a , a cc u n
‘
C l ig l mp
a u a, e l im di i h'
e ror, c a s v ne on ou rs .
C l iph M h m t t t f th J w
a s, a o e an , s a e o e e s u nde r
C d i J w i th i i l d d l d d by
an a, e s n s s an e u e an imp ostor
C it J w th i t
'
a ra e t e s, e r e ne s
l o y of i th C im
‘
co n , n e r ea
C a si mire th e G re a t
‘
gr a n ts p rivi lg e es to th e J ews
C m ere on ies of th e J e ws
C e sa re a ,
'
ll us be sie g J es e ru sa e l m
Ch ar e l m g e hi a d n , s c on u ct to th e J ews
Ch a r es l th B l d p i
‘
e
‘
Ch a r es l V I xp l th J . e e s e ew s from F ra nce
Ch a r es l V mp hi . e eror, s a v e rs ion to th e J e ws
Ch ar es l to f th J w n, o e e s in th is city
Ch a sid i m , th eir te ne ts
C h i ti
r s ti ans re re from J udea
C h h J wi h
u rc , e s , its gove rnme nt
Cl m t V f v J
m
ours th e
C l mt V I t
e en . a ews
by t h e d u k e of B ritta n
y
by t h e l f Ly
co u nc i o o ns 2 41
by th il f V i
e co u nc o e nn a ih .
by P h il ip th F i e a r -
ih .
by Ch l VI ar es
by F e rd in a nd a nd I b ll
sa e a
by th e co u nc i l of Vi e n na
by th e e mp eror of G ermany
by th e l f B il
cou nci o as
by p o p J h XX III
e o n .
E dicts i n fa v o ur of th J w by C h l e e s, a r es , k in g of N p l a es
by J ose p h 11 .
by Al e xa nde r
E d ga rd u s , ( Es d ras ) conv e rts ma ny
Ed wa rd 1 h is . s e v e rity to th e J e ws
g
E y p t, J ew s n u me rous in th is countr
y
l z
E e a a r, ze l ot h i p rty
a a , s a
Em a nue l (k i g f P o t g l ) h is cru l ty
,
n o r u a e to th e Jw e s
E sse nes , th e ir te ne ts
E th i p ia , o f the e ws
o J 1n th is co u n tr
y
E xp ia tion, (fas t of)
Fa ‘
aS b a , a n a ccou n t 0 f ooooo e c o l o e
'
o e e o e o e e o o o e e oo oooo . o
F l ix
e , ch a racte r o f
F e s tu s , s ta te of th e J e w s u n de r h is gove rn ment
Fe z, J ew s n u me rou s in
F l g ll
a e a n ts , th e ir c ru e l ty to th e J e ws
Fl o rus , c h a ra c te r of
F ra nk e l , ed ito r of a J e w is h l it e ra ry j ou rn a l
Fu rta do , (Abra h a m) p res ident of th e J e wish Assemb y l
G al il ee by th e Bomans
red u ced
z D
'
G a nt , ( a v id) a J e w is h h is toria n
G a l l l on ites , th e ir e ne s t t 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
.
0
G ed a l ia h , a l ea rned rabbi
M EX . 5 67
G e rs ion, a l ea rned ra bb i
_
G re goire (b i h op d to ) w ites in f ou of th J
, s an se na r r av r e ew s
Ext ra ct of a l etter
H ay , l
a ce e bra ted ra b b i
l
He i bron ne r, a conv e rt to Ch ris tian it
y
H el iod orus a tte mp ts
to p und e r th e te mp e l l
l gbl
H e io a l J
a us a ttem ts to b e n d
p ud a ism w ith . P g a a nis m
He ll i t d th S pt gi t i th i
en s s re a e e ua n n e r s na
y gog ues
H e nr y II t l t th J w
. o era es e e s
H en r y III O pp th J w . resses e e s
H enr y I V ( mp ) d f d th J w
. e e ror e en s e e s
Hera c li p t th J
us e rse c u es e e
h is ty ra n ny and c ru e ty l
re b u i ld
s th e temp e ; h is d ea th l
He rod ians , th e ir tene ts
H e rt z (Mark ) l
, a e a rne d J ew
Ho ll and , set t e l men t of th e J ew s in th is cou ntr
y
of th e l ea rn ed men w h o fl ou rish ed in th e se v e n te enth
ce ntur
y
op p ress ions of th e ir Sy ndics
i t od ced i t J l m n r u n o e ru sa e
I fi d l ity it p re l
n e mo g the Jew
,
s v a e nce a n s
I a fi
sa cs , ve e minenh rabbies of th a t
I hm l
s ae , Sop h i, his a v e rsion to th e Jwe s
J .
J b
a co son, his e fforts to civ i i lz e th e Jews 4 03
e xtract of a l e tte r from
J ama ica s ettl e men t of th e Jews in th is I sl and
, . ,
45 8
J a mes k ing of Arra gon a p p rov es of th e J ewis h
, , p ra y e r book s 2 53
J a mes I I k in g of En l a nd fa v ou rs th e J ews 3 81
g , ,
a th an , 2 83 red u ce d by om P
pe y , 35 ; its s tren g th p revi ous to its -
u nder . th e O tt m T o an urk s, 44 2 .
9 — 15 ; , th e y a re
pe rsecuted by Antioch us Ep iph anes , filmy .
rev o lt u n de r M a ttath ias , 2 1 they rega in th eir indep ende nce » 2 3 s .
5 70 I ND E X .
i n ta yI l , th 0— 2 86 ; e xa ct
2 87 — 2 9 1 a ccou n t o f th ose
t u ry to 16 6 5 , 2 92 — 3 04 ; of
a re d 16 6 6 , 3 05 — 3 16 ; a ccou nt of th e ir mb er a nd
—
a
p p e nu cond it ion
in th e sixtee n th a nd .
sev e nte e nth centuries , 3 2 8— 335 ; th e ir fl ou
ris h in
g s ta te in P ol a nd u nder J oh n So bie sk i i n th e se ve ntee nth
p a rts of Ge r
many a nd P ol a nd , 33 7 — 3 4 6 ; a ccou nt o f t h ose in I l ta y from th e
si xteenth to th e ei g hte e nth ce ntu ry , 3 4 7 — 3 5 9 ; th e y
‘
a tte mp t in
v a in to obta in a sett e l me nt a nd a to le ra tio n S
in p a in an d o rtu a , P g l
a nd a ss u me th e ma sk of Ch ris tia ni ty , 3 6 0— 3 6 7 0f th e ir sett e l
ment in H ll o a nd, an d th l e ear ned me n wh o pe a red a mong th em
ap
’
F
th ose in ra nce from th e ir e s ta b ish me nt i n e t to th e n ine tee n th l M z
ce nt u ry , 4 13 — 4 3 1 ; i n o a n d , in th e e i h tee nth a nd n ine tee nth H ll g
c e n tu rie s , 4 3 2 — 4 37 of th e ir sta te in th e T u k i h d omi
r s i
n ons , a nd
, ta k e n p riso ne r
M a ccabe us , th e motto on h is s ta n da rd
b e p u ri es th e fi te mp l e from th e p ol l u tions of An tioch u s .
h is d ea th
me d the Sa in t comp il e s th e M is n a
.
,
Jd h
u a , s u rna ,
J li
u a n, s u rna me d th e Ap osta te a tte m t to s ub v e rt th e C h ris tia n
p s ,
re l ig i on 12 6
h is d es i g n o f re b u i l d i g th
n e te mp l e fru s tra ted by a miracl e 12 8
38
I48
Le d in il l a h , K as se r, pe rse cu
tes th e J e ws
Le ml e in , Da v id , a n imp os tor
Le o Isa u ri c u s , h is se v e rit
y to th e J ews
R O B UU S . b is h o p of Cy p ru s , a tte mp ts to con ve rt th e J e ws
Levita E l i u t f
,
as , a cco n o
Le i N th p
v , or to Tz ai a n, rec u rs ev
Le i D id
v ,l b ted J wi h w it
av ,
a ce e ra e s r er
Le w i D b i p o pe ou t t of th J w u d
s, e o n a r, r s r s s a e e e s n er
Le w i I X pe cu t th Jews
s . rs e es e
Le w i X ll th m t F
s . re ca s e o ra nce
L o do So ci ty th i fl t to
n n t th Jew
e , e r e
‘
or s c on v er e s
Lu l a ne d emy f u ded i t h i
,
ity
n a ca o n n s c
L u th d te om p i er f m ece i i g th J w
e rs s e r n ce s ro r v n e e s
L z ti S im
u a f mo ,bbi eon , a a us ra
Ly N i h l
ra , co v e t to C h is ti c ityo as , a n r r an
M .
Md Ch O SO l omO D an impoS to r, , ‘
M asa d a , s u ic ide of th e e ws in t h is J
M as o ra , a ccou n t o f
M e n asses Be n I s ra e l ,
a fa mous ra b bi , acco u nt of
Me nd ol soh n , l
a ce e bra ted r a bb i, h is ch a rac ter . 3
M e ir A l gud es , a J e wis h p h y s ic ia n
M e ir Mi th ridos , a l ea rn ed ra bbi
Me ni ch o b ish op , of Sp i
p ro tect s th e r es, J e ws
M l
e ne a us, an a osta te h i h
p p ries t g
Me rsb u rg, J ew s b a nish ed from th is city .
M icbez , a J e w , p e rs ua d es Se im l II . to a tte mp t th e q
con u es t of
Cy p rus
Mi nof th e J Il
"
Mo rd eca i, ra bbi , p re te n d s to b th M
e i h
e ess a
M oors o
pp ress th e J e ws
M l y A h y iz
u e rc se es th e p rope rty of a rich J ew
M l y M h mt
u e
.
a o e ca u s
e s th e sy na o u es to be rebu i t g g l .
Mul ey e ws
Na ch ma nides, M oses f m , a a ou s
N ach mias ,
S m l mb
a thue , e ra ces e '
Ch rist ia n re l igio n
N as ci , Da v id ttl , l yi
se es a co on n S urina m
N a sc i, I aa c
s , a l ea rne d J ew 45 8
N e ro, Ro man e mpe ror , se nds an a r my a
g a ins t th e Jw
e s 66
R .
Ra bbinists ,
‘
l
Re u ch in d e fen d s th e J ews
'
R icci , a co nv e rte d J ew
R ich a rd I . ma ssa cre of th e Jew s in his r eig n
S a a dd onl a t, a J p h y s icia n
e w ish
1808
S a nh e d rim, i ts o ri gi g it did n ot e xi st
‘
at P a ris , 4 2 8; of th e ir p ro ce ed in g s.
S a ph e ta ,
'
J e w ish a ca de my in th is city
S a ra ce ns , th e y cu l ti v a te l e a rn in g
in th e d a rk a ges . 2
th e ir u nion w ith th e J e ws
S a nsa nd in g Je w , in th is p a rt of Africa
s
Sc h oo l s for J l
ew s esta b is h ed in Ge r a ny m
S ch oo l s e sta b li h
s ed in C ope nh a ge n
‘
S ec ts n ow e xistin g a mong th e
S ebu r ia ns , or s cep tics, a J ewi sh sect .
Se e ze n , co e ll g e at
g
S e pt u a int, th e G ree k tra ns l tia on of th e O l d T e t me
s a nt .
Se rea n s p re te nd s to be the M i e ss a h
l
S id e ins forms a new J e w is h
‘
s ec t
S ime on Ben J oc h a i, a re a t g
J
S imon , e wish h i h p rie st, h is ch a ra cter g
“ M J ga
S imon , son of atta th ia s, th e ew s be th e ir inde pe nde nce
‘
n
S ixtu s V .
pope , g
‘
ran ts
p i r vi e lg es to th e J ews 35 1
Sp i z B
no a , e ne d ic t, 3 c l
ee bra ted J ew a oo o ooo o
S p ire , b ish op o , pf r o te c ts t h e e w s a g a ins t th e
J C rusa d e rs
St iles , p
res id e n t, h is a t te n ti on to t h e e ws J
l
S u rin a m, se tt e ment of th e e ws in th is co ony J l
g g
sy na o ues , th e ir rise
S y ndics, th eir a rbitra ry cond uct
T be rn cl e
a a s, feas t of
J e rusa l e m
.
T lm d c
a u ,
a cou nt of th a t of . .
of th a t of B a b y on l
th e l a tte r is trans l
a ted into Ara bic
T emp l e, second , be gu n b y th e J e ws a fte r the ir re turn from ca p
tiv ity ,
1; co mp l ete d u nde r D ar iu s, 3; rebu i lt by He rod ,
4 0; de stroy ed by th e R omans
l
Te mp e , ins crip tions on one b ui t a t See zen l
Te ph il im See Pb il ac te ries.
T i J w m
ra n , e s assa cre d in tb is city
T i Mo
ra n , ses , a fa mou s ra b bi
Tre me l l ius , S a muel , a con v e rte d J ew
T mpets
ru ,
fea st o f
Tu k d c e r, ea n , fa vou rs th e na tu ra l iz a tion of th e J ews
V .
W
Vid a l , r a b b i, de fe nds th e e s a
W
Vis igoth , k in gs , th eir se v erity to th e Jw e s
W .
amba , k in g f th G th xp l th J w
o e o s, e e s e e s 16 6
il l ia m the C quer r b i gs ol o y of Jews to E gl
on o r n a c n n an d 22 1
W
W
5 76 I N DEX .
W i ia m Rufus fa v ou rs th e
ll
incesl a us , k in
i tey s t, So l mon,
o
g of B oh emi
J e ws
a, h is j
un us t cond u c t to th e J ews
Z aba th a ites , th e fo ll w s
o er of Za ba th a i Tzev i .
l o
Zea ots , th e ir ch a racter, 7 0 ; b a rbar us cond uct, 7 1; inso l ent
Zoh a r ,
a ca bb a l is tical w ork
F I NJ S .
Unive l
of Ca ifo rn ia
S O UTHERN REG IO AL LIBRA RY FACILITY
l l
405 Hi ga rd Ave nue , Los Ange es , CA 9002 4-1388
Re turn th is ma te ria to th e ib ra ry
l l
_
fromw h ic h it wa s b o rrowe d .
JUL 1 3