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Lecture 8

The document discusses 3-dimensional force systems and solving 3D particle equilibrium problems. It provides examples of drawing free body diagrams and using the three scalar equations of equilibrium (ΣFx=0, ΣFy=0, ΣFz=0) to solve for unknown forces. Students will learn to draw 3D free body diagrams and apply the equations to solve 3D particle equilibrium problems with up to three unknown forces. Worked examples are provided to demonstrate the process.

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Lester John
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43 views16 pages

Lecture 8

The document discusses 3-dimensional force systems and solving 3D particle equilibrium problems. It provides examples of drawing free body diagrams and using the three scalar equations of equilibrium (ΣFx=0, ΣFy=0, ΣFz=0) to solve for unknown forces. Students will learn to draw 3D free body diagrams and apply the equations to solve 3D particle equilibrium problems with up to three unknown forces. Worked examples are provided to demonstrate the process.

Uploaded by

Lester John
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ENGR-1100 Introduction to

Engineering Analysis

Lecture 8
THREE-DIMENSIONAL FORCE SYSTEMS
Today’s Objectives:
Students will be able to solve 3-D particle equilibrium problems by
a) Drawing a 3-D free body diagram, and,
b) Applying the three scalar equations (based on one vector
equation) of equilibrium.
In-class Activities:
• Reading Quiz
• Applications
• Equations of Equilibrium
• Concept Questions
• Group Problem Solving
• Attention Quiz
APPLICATIONS

You know the weight of the


electromagnet and its load.
But, you need to know the
forces in the chains to see if
it is a safe assembly. How
would you do this?
APPLICATIONS
(continued)

This shear leg derrick


Offset distance is to be designed to lift
a maximum of 200 kg
of fish.
How would you find
the effect of different
offset distances on the
forces in the cable and
derrick legs?
THE EQUATIONS OF 3-D EQUILIBRIUM
When a particle is in equilibrium, the vector
sum of all the forces acting on it must be
zero ( F = 0 ) .
This equation can be written in terms of its
x, y and z components. This form is written
as follows.
( Fx) i + ( Fy) j + ( Fz) k = 0
This vector equation will be satisfied only when
Fx = 0
Fy = 0
Fz = 0
These equations are the three scalar equations of equilibrium.
They are valid for any point in equilibrium and allow you to
solve for up to three unknowns.
EXAMPLE I

Given: The four forces and


geometry shown.
Find: The force F5 required to
keep particle O in
equilibrium.
Plan:
1) Draw a FBD of particle O.
2) Write the unknown force as
F5 = {Fx i + Fy j + Fz k} N
3) Write F1, F2 , F3 , F4 and F5 in Cartesian vector form.
4) Apply the three equilibrium equations to solve for the three
unknowns Fx, Fy, and Fz.
EXAMPLE I (continued)
Solution:

F1 = {300(4/5) j + 300 (3/5) k} N


F1 = {240 j + 180 k} N
F2 = {– 600 i} N
F3 = {– 900 k} N

F4 = F4 (rB/ rB)
= 200 N [(3i – 4 j + 6 k)/(32 + 42 + 62)½]
= {76.8 i – 102.4 j + 153.6 k} N

F5 = { Fx i – Fy j + Fz k} N
EXAMPLE I (continued)

Equating the respective i, j, k components to zero, we have


 Fx = 76.8 – 600 + Fx = 0 ; solving gives Fx = 523.2 N
 Fy = 240 – 102.4 + Fy = 0 ; solving gives Fy = – 137.6 N
 Fz = 180 – 900 + 153.6 + Fz = 0 ; solving gives Fz = 566.4 N

Thus, F5 = {523 i – 138 j + 566 k} N


Using this force vector, you can determine the force’s
magnitude and coordinate direction angles as needed.
EXAMPLE II

Given: A 600 N load is supported


by three cords with the
geometry as shown.
Find: The tension in cords AB,
AC and AD.
Plan:

1) Draw a free body diagram of Point A. Let the unknown force


magnitudes be FB, FC, FD .
2) Represent each force in its Cartesian vector form.
3) Apply equilibrium equations to solve for the three unknowns.
EXAMPLE II (continued)
FBD at A z
FD FC

2m

1m 30˚ y
2m A
FB
x
600 N

FB = FB (sin 30 i + cos 30 j) N


= {0.5 FB i + 0.866 FB j} N
FC = – FC i N
FD = FD (rAD /rAD)
= FD { (1 i – 2 j + 2 k) / (12 + 22 + 22)½ } N
= { 0.333 FD i – 0.667 FD j + 0.667 FD k } N
EXAMPLE II (continued)
FBD at A
Now equate the respective i , j , k
z
components to zero. FD FC

 Fx = 0.5 FB – FC + 0.333 FD = 0 2m
y
 Fy = 0.866 FB – 0.667 FD = 0 1m
2m A 30˚

FB
 Fz = 0.667 FD – 600 = 0 x
600 N

Solving the three simultaneous equations yields


FC = 646 N (since it is positive, it is as assumed, e.g., in tension)
FD = 900 N
FB = 693 N
READING QUIZ
1. Particle P is in equilibrium with five (5) forces acting on it in
3-D space. How many scalar equations of equilibrium can be
written for point P?
A) 2 B) 3 C) 4
D) 5 E) 6
2. In 3-D, when a particle is in equilibrium, which of the
following equations apply?
A) ( Fx) i + ( Fy) j + ( Fz) k = 0
B)  F = 0
C)  Fx =  Fy =  Fz = 0
D) All of the above.
E) None of the above.
ATTENTION QUIZ
z
1. Four forces act at point A and point
A is in equilibrium. Select the F3 = 10 lb
P
correct force vector P. F2 = 10 lb

A) {-20 i + 10 j – 10 k}lb F1 = 20 lb A y
B) {-10 i – 20 j – 10 k} lb
C) {+ 20 i – 10 j – 10 k}lb x
D) None of the above.

2. In 3-D, when you don’t know the direction or the magnitude


of a force, how many unknowns do you have corresponding
to that force?
A) One B) Two C) Three D) Four
GROUP PROBLEM SOLVING
Given: A 3500 lb motor and
plate, as shown, are in
equilibrium and supported
by three cables and
d = 4 ft.
Find: Magnitude of the tension
in each of the cables.
Plan:
1) Draw a free body diagram of Point A. Let the unknown force
magnitudes be FB, FC, F D .
2) Represent each force in the Cartesian vector form.
3) Apply equilibrium equations to solve for the three unknowns.
GROUP PROBLEM SOLVING (continued)
FBD of Point A
z

W
y
x
FD
FB FC
W = load or weight of unit = 3500 k lb

FB = FB(rAB/rAB) = FB {(4 i – 3 j – 10 k) / (11.2)} lb


FC = FC (rAC/rAC) = FC { (3 j – 10 k) / (10.4 ) }lb
FD = FD( rAD/rAD) = FD { (– 4 i + 1 j –10 k) / (10.8) }lb
GROUP PROBLEM SOLVING (continued)
The particle A is in equilibrium, hence
FB + FC + FD + W = 0
Now equate the respective i, j, k components to zero
(i.e., apply the three scalar equations of equilibrium).
 Fx = (4/ 11.2)FB – (4/ 10.8)FD = 0
 Fy = (– 3/ 11.2)FB + (3/ 10.4)FC + (1/ 10.8)FD = 0
 Fz = (– 10/ 11.2)FB – (10/ 10.4)FC – (10/ 10.8)FD + 3500 = 0

Solving the three simultaneous equations gives the tension forces


FB = 1467 lb
FC = 914 lb
FD = 1420 lb

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