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Laboratory Activity No. 7

This document describes an experiment to investigate the behavior of RLC circuits using an AC power supply, multimeter, resistor, inductor, and capacitor. Key findings include: 1) RLC circuits have a characteristic resonant frequency where the impedance is minimized and current is maximized due to cancellation of reactances. 2) The voltage across components varies with frequency - the resistor voltage is constant, inductor voltage increases, and capacitor voltage decreases as the resonant frequency is approached. 3) At resonance, the inductor and capacitor reactances cancel out so the circuit behaves as a pure resistor and the resistor voltage is maximized while the inductor and capacitor voltages go to zero.

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Ian Ebones
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24 views5 pages

Laboratory Activity No. 7

This document describes an experiment to investigate the behavior of RLC circuits using an AC power supply, multimeter, resistor, inductor, and capacitor. Key findings include: 1) RLC circuits have a characteristic resonant frequency where the impedance is minimized and current is maximized due to cancellation of reactances. 2) The voltage across components varies with frequency - the resistor voltage is constant, inductor voltage increases, and capacitor voltage decreases as the resonant frequency is approached. 3) At resonance, the inductor and capacitor reactances cancel out so the circuit behaves as a pure resistor and the resistor voltage is maximized while the inductor and capacitor voltages go to zero.

Uploaded by

Ian Ebones
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Laboratory Activity No.

7
AC RLC Circuit Analysis

Objective
To investigate the behavior of RLC circuits at AC and understand the concepts of impedance,
resonance, and frequency response.

Materials Needed
● Power supply (AC)
● Multimeter
● Resistor (R)
● Inductor (L)
● Capacitor (C)
● Connecting wires
● Breadboard (optional)

Results and Discussions

Figure 1. Construction of circuit


Figure 2. Measurement of voltage across each components

Figure 3. Measurement of current in the circuit


Calculating the the Impedance using Ohm’s law;

𝑍 = 𝑉/𝐼
𝑍 = 5𝑉/1.577𝑚𝐴

𝑍 = 3170.6Ω

Calculating Theoretical Impedance using the equation below;

𝑍 = √𝑅^2+(XL-XC)^2
𝑋𝐿 = 2𝝅𝑓𝐿
𝑋𝐿 = 2𝝅(50𝐻𝑧)(10𝑚𝐻) = 3.14Ω
𝑋𝐶 = 1/2𝝅𝑓𝑐
𝑋𝐶 = 1/2𝝅(50𝐻𝑧)(1𝑢𝐹) = 3183.1Ω

𝑍 = √(100)^2+(XL-XC)^2

𝑍 = √(100)^2+(3.14Ω-3183.1Ω)^2

𝑍= 3181.53Ω
Measurements are subject to some degree of error. The accuracy of a measurement is
constrained by the accuracy of the measuring tool used and the inherent variability in the
measurement process. Environmental circumstances, equipment calibration, and human
error are only a few examples of the variables that can alter the measured numbers.
Calculated values are founded on theoretical models and mathematical connections that
frequently make simplifying assumptions. These presumptions might not accurately reflect
real-world circumstances and might ignore crucial elements that have an impact on the
calculation's correctness. Engineers and scientists may need to make assumptions or utilize
indirect techniques to estimate certain values when direct measurement is difficult or
impractical. There may be some inconsistencies between computed and measured values
as a result.

To explore resonance in an RLC circuit, we can vary the frequency of the AC voltage while
measuring the voltage across the circuit components. The voltage across the resistor will be
constant at all frequencies, while the voltage across the inductor will be in phase with the
current and will increase as the frequency approaches the resonant frequency. The voltage
across the capacitor will be 180 degrees out of phase with the current and will decrease as
the frequency approaches the resonant frequency. At the resonant frequency, the inductive
and capacitive reactances cancel each other out, resulting in a purely resistive circuit. This
means that the voltage across the resistor will be at its maximum, and the voltage across the
inductor and capacitor will be zero.
To find the resonant frequency, we can use the following formula:

fr = 1 / 2π√LC

where f_r is the resonant frequency in Hz, L is the inductance in Henrys, and C is the
capacitance in Farads.

In this case, the resonant frequency is:


fr = 1 / 2π√(10 mH)(1 μF) = 1591.55 Hz

As we vary the frequency of the AC voltage, we can observe that the voltage across the
circuit components will increase and then decrease. The voltage will be maximized at the
resonant frequency of 1591.55 Hz

Additional Questions:

1. Based on your observations, discuss the behavior of RLC circuits at AC.


- The behavior of an RLC circuit at AC depends on the frequency of the AC
source. At low frequencies, the reactance of the inductor is small, and the
reactance of the capacitor is large. As the frequency increases, the reactance
of the inductor increases while that of the capacitor decreases. At a certain
frequency called the resonant frequency, the reactance of the inductor equals
that of the capacitor, and their effects cancel each other out, hence, at this
situation, the circuit behaves as if it only has a resistor.
2. Explain the concepts of impedance, resonance, and frequency response in relation to
the RLC circuit.
- In an RLC circuit, the impedance is minimized at the resonant frequency. This
means that the current flow through the circuit is maximized at the resonant
frequency. The frequency response of an RLC circuit is typically bell-shaped, with the
maximum impedance at the resonant frequency and the minimum impedance at
frequencies that are far from the resonant frequency
3. Summarize your findings and any patterns you discovered.
- The resonant frequency of an RLC circuit is the frequency at which the inductive
and capacitive reactances are equal and opposite. This means that the net reactance
of the circuit is zero, and the circuit behaves like a pure resistor. At the resonant
frequency, the voltage across the resistor is at its maximum, and the voltage across
the inductor and capacitor is zero. This is because the inductor and capacitor are
effectively cancelling each other out. The inductor opposes the current flow, while the
capacitor enhances it. At the resonant frequency, these two effects are perfectly
balanced, resulting in a purely resistive circuit.
Conclusions

In conclusion, in a series RLC circuit, the voltage across the resistor is constant at all
frequencies. The voltage across the inductor is in phase with the current and increases as
the frequency approaches the resonant frequency. The voltage across the capacitor is 180
degrees out of phase with the current and decreases as the frequency approaches the
resonant frequency. It is noted that the behavior of an RLC circuit depends on the frequency
of the AC circuit.

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