3.

PARTS OF REMOT TERMINAL UNITS

3.1.REMOTE TERMINAL UNITS MODELS:
1.SCHNEIDER RTU:
MICOM C264 is the compact and modular substation and Bay
controller communicating with IEDs and SCAD, acquiring input/outputs
(I/O) or measurements and providing open automation processing in
demanding electronic magnetic environments.
MICOM C264 is Schneider Electric’s compact and modular Bay
controller &RTU for demanding electrical substations.
High performance and ready for system Integration, MICOM C264 is the
rugged device, perfect for smart management of electrical substations.
With embedded cyber security respecting the latest standards (IEC
62351,Sys logs), it offers a simple way for administration, security logs
and offers high levels of robustness for critical infrastructures.

Fig1: Schneider RTU MICOM Fig2:Schneider RTU MICOM

C264 (40T) C264 (80T)
ALSTOM RTU:
Alstom's C264 substation controller is a sophisticated
solution supporting many applications and functions for
substation control, communication, monitoring, protection and
automation.
CONTROL AND MONITORING
Flexibility, reliability and ease of use are among the top
features required in a substation computer; the MICOM C264
has these applications combination of dual redundant fibre
optic Ethernet, modular I/O, an expandable design and an
extensive library of functions make the C264 the ideal solution
for a wide array of applications in substation digital control
systems. It is suitable for retrofitting and modernizing existing
installations. Provides both legacy and cutting edge
communication interfaces

Fig3: ALSTOM RTU

SYNERGY RTU:
Synergy has integrated serial communications that are a
compatible subset of the widely recognised Modbus RTU
protocol (slave). The serial communications (RS485) is
accessible from the RJ12 connection.
ASCII and RTU transmission modes are defined in the Modbus
protocol specification. Synergy uses only the RTU mode for the
telegram transmission. Function Code
This field also contains a single byte, where the master specifies
the kind of service or function requested to the slave (reading,
Writing, etc.).According to the protocol, each function is used
to access a specific type of data. For the available list of
supported functions.
3.1 REMOTE TERMINAL UNITS CARDS
1.BIU CARD: BIU Card is abbreviated as “Basic Interface unit”
card. It consists of 24 pins and 23,24 are supply pins. It supplies
power to RTU and it is also called as power supply card. It
receives analog status like frequency, nv,mvar,pf from MFT in
the control panel.
2.CPU CARD:CPU Card is a Printed Circuit Board (PCB) that
contains the Central processing unit (CPU) of a computer.
CPU cards are specified by CPU clock frequency and bus
type as well as other features and applications built into
the card.

Fig4: BIU CARD Fig5: CPU CARD

3. DI CARD : DI Card is abbreviated as “Digital Input Card". It
consists of 24 pins. It receives Digital status like Circuit breaker,
Bus Isolator, etc., from CMR in the control panel.
4.DO CARD : DO Card is abbreviated as “Digital output Card".
It consists of 24 pins. The function of the digital output card is
to sending the commands about the digital status. It consists of
10 channels that it can send of 3 feeders.
5.AI CARD: AI Card is abbreviated as “Analog Input” Card. It
Consists of 24 pins. It is operated with 4 to 20mA and receives
output of OLTC (Overload Tap Changer) for maintaining
required temperature.

Fig 6.0:DI CARD Fig 6.1: DI CARD

Fig 7: DO CARD Fig 8: AI CARD

3.3. CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT CARDS: (CPU)
A central Processing Unit (CPU) card is a printed circuit board
PCB that contains a CPU unit. A CPU card is responsible for the
major activities of the RTU. It communicates to RCC through
modem on one end and talks to peripheral cards on the other
end to achieve SCADA functionalities of RTU. Regular CPU,
which connects via the computer’s motherboard , a CPU card is
connects to the backplane circuit board. This type of CPU
slightly harder to maintain but offers advantage of being easily
upgradeable or down gradable , depending on the user’s needs
and preferences. Normal CPUs are shaped as either a square
chip or a small card. To install the CPU, the user opens up the
computer and drops the CPU into the designed spot on the
motherboard. A CPU card performs all the same functions as
regular CPU, managing all processes ,but the difference comes
with the installation method and the continued used of the CPU

Fig 9: CPU CARD

3.4.WIRING DEVICES (CMR,MFT, ETHERNET SWITCH)
(CONTACT MULTIPLE RELAY (CMR):
Contact multiple relay is a relay that has multiple contacts in its
functions. If one of the contacts is failed than other contacts
works. CMR is used for sending digital status to RTU from the
control panel that involves line Isolator, Bus Isolator, Circuit
breaker status etc. Its operating voltage is 220v DC. The no. of
CMRs is depending on the number of feeders.

Fig12: CONTACT MULTIPLE RELAY

MULTI FUNCTIONAL TRANSDUCER (MFT):
Multi FUNCTIONAL transducer is used as the Communication
between substation and RTU. It measures most of the electric
quantities including voltage current, pf, energy. All essential
can be Programmed to the output. It can be applicable for 3
phase 3 wire and 3 phase 4 wire system.
 Fig 10: MFT (Multiple Function transducer)

ETHERNET SWITCH:
Ethernet Switch Functions as a central station connecting
computers, printers and every other Wired devices to each
other. The switch is also wired to the router and modem to
access the internet. The wireless counterpart to Ethernet is Wi-
Fi. An Ethernet switch is one of the three major functions in a
wireless router, and although stand-alone Ethernet switch have
up to 48 ports ,the Ethernet switch in the wireless router
typically has only four ports.

Fig15:ETHERNET SWITCH
 3.4:PROGRAMMING DEVICES:

MODEM:
A Modem is a portmanteau of “ modulator -demodulator"
-is a hardware device that converts data from digital
format intended for communication directly between
devices with specialized wiring, into one suitable for
a transmission medium such as telephone lines or radio. A
modem modulates one or more carrier wave signals to
encode digital information for transmission, and and
demodulates signals to decode the transmitted
information. The goal is to produce a signal that can be
transmitted easily and decoded reliably to reproduce the
original digital data. Modems can be used with almost any
means of transmitting analog signals, from light-emitting
diodes to radio. A common type of modem is one that
turns the digital data of a computer into modulated
electrical signal for transmission over telephone lines, to
be demodulated by another modem at the receiver side to
recover the digital.
 Fig 16 : MODEM

RTU (REMOT TERMINAL UNIT):

A remote terminal unit (RTU) is a microprocessor-
controlled electronic device that interfaces objects in the
physical world to a distributed control system or SCADA
(supervisory control and data acquisition) system by
transmitting telemetry data to a master system, and by
using messages from the master supervisory system to
control connected objects. Other terms that may be used
for RTU are remote telemetry unit and remote telecontrol
unit.

Fig17: RTU (Remote terminal unit)

MULTI FUNCTIONAL TRANSDUCER (MFT):

Multi Functional Transducer is used as the communication
between substation and RTU. It measures most of the electric
quantities like Voltage, Power, PF, Current, Energy. All
essential can be Programmed to the output. It can be applicable
for 3 phase 3 wire and 3 phase
Fig18: MFT (MULTI FUNCTIONAL TRANSDUCER)
4 wire system.

LOCAL/REMOTE SWITCH (L/R)

L/R Switch is used in two ways
Local Switch
Remote Switch If we put the L/R Switch in load then we didn’t
get any commands [CB OPEN, CLOSE] from SLDC or if we put
the switch in Remote, then we get the commands from SLDC.

Fig 19: Local /Remote Switch (L/R)