Direct Speech, Indirect Speech
and Connecting Words
PRACTICE
Nilzon Antonio Quiñones Valencia
Bachelor of Modern Languages – Uniquindio
Specialist in Administration of Educational Informatics – UDES
Magister in Digital Technologies Applied to Education - UDES
Direct Speech – Change into Indirect Speech
• Imperatives:
1. “Clean the table”, said my mom.
A/ My mom said to me to clean the table.
2. The teacher said, “Don´t cheat on the test”
A/ The teacher said to us not to cheat on the test.
3. “Bring a chair”, she said.
A/ She said to bring a chair.
4. The old man said to him, “always speak the truth.”
A/ The old man advised him to always speak the truth.
5. He said to Ann, “Tell me your problems.”
A/ He told Ann to tell him her problems.
Direct Speech – Change into Indirect Speech
• Sentences:
1. He told Mary, “I love you very much”
A/ He told Mary (that) he loved her very much.
2. John said, “I walk.”
A/ John said (that) he walked.
3. Mr. Brown said, “My daughter has left for school.”
A/ Mr. Brown said (that) his daughter had left for school.
4. They told me, “we were living in Paris.”
A/ They told me (that) they had been living in Paris.
5. He said, “I loved you so much.”
A/ He said to me (that) he had loved me so much.
Direct Speech – Change into Indirect Speech
• Yes/No Questions:
1. “Can you type.”, she asked.
A/ She asked if I could type.
A/ She asked whether (or not) I could type.
2. Anggy asked Oscar, “Do you love me?”
A/ Anggy asked Oscar if he loved her.
3. He asked, “Do you have any experience?”
A/ He asked Ruth if/whether she had any experience.
4. He asked, “Are you the teacher?”
A/ He asked me if I was the teacher.
Direct Speech – Change into Indirect Speech
• Information Questions:
1. “What do you do on weekends?”, She said.
A/ She asked me what I did on weekends.
2. Bob asked, “who got the job?”
A/ Bob asked who had gotten the job.
3. The teacher asked Leiny, “Why didn´t you come last class?”
A/ The teacher asked Leiny why she hadn´t come last class.
4. He asked, “Why don´t you study hard for the exam?”
A/ He wondered why I didn´t study hard for the exam.
What type of connectors do you know?
• Contrast
• Addition
• Example
• Sequence
• Time
• Purpose
• Result
• Cause
Group I: Cause and effect
connectors:
• Consequently: Por consiguiente, Consecuentemente, En consecuencia
• As a result: Como resultado
• Then: Luego, después
• Due to it: Debido a eso
• Thus: Así, En consecuencia, Por consiguiente, Consecuentemente
• Because of that: A causa de eso
• Therefore: Por lo tanto
• For: Porque
• Owning to: Debido a
• As: Puesto que
• Since: Puesto que, Ya que
• For this reason: Por esta razón
Group II: Addition and Comparison
• Also: También
• Hence: De aquí, Por lo tanto
• Besides/Moreover: Además de
• Accordig to that: De acuerdo con
• Furthermore: Además, Es más
• Therefore: Por lo cual, por eso
• In addition: En adición, además
• Not only…but also: No solo…sino que también / No solo… sino que
además
Group III: Contrast and Consequence
• Instead of: En vez de, en lugar de
• Instead: En vez, en lugar, en lugar
• However: Sin embargo, No obstante
• Nevertheless: Sin embargo, No obstante
• On the contrary: Al contrario
• On the other hand: Por otra parte, Por otro lado
• In contrary: Al contrario
• In spite of that: A pesar de
• Regardless of that: Sin hacer caso de
• Conversely: A la inversa
• In spite of that: En lugar de eso
• Yet: Sin embargo
• Although: Aunque
• Whereas/While: Mientras que
Examples – Group I:
• Hector was a very good student who studied constantly; consequently, he found a very
good job after he graduated from college.
• Hector decided not to use a map; consequently, he got lost and never found his way
out of the forest. There he died.
• I have long been interested in science and animals; therefore, I have decided to study
biology in college.
• Someone called in a bomb threat; As a result, school was cancelled.
• The government did not prepare for the hurricane; thus, many people suffered.
• Rent is too expensive in Cali; for this reason, I have decided to move to Buenaventura.
Examples – Group II:
I don´t like going to the beach in the summer; in addition, it´s always
crowded. Furthermore, sometimes people are sitting very close to you.
Not only, you can listen to their conversations but also, you can even
smell their sunscreen lotions.
Examples – Group III:
• New York is not a small city. It is quite big instead.
• I would rather to use a real gun to shoot alien instead of using a water gun.
• He is not our best worker, but nevertheless he tries very hard.
• Life in the United States is easy compared to other parts of the world; on the
other hand, the stress of daily American life makes one wonder how easy it
really is.
• Although, English may be a hard language, it is spoken all around theworld.
