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DAF Trainee Doc MX-13 Engine Service Manual

The document provides information about the MX-13 engine from DAF Trucks. It is a 6-cylinder inline engine that meets Euro 6 emission regulations. Key features include common rail direct injection, variable turbo geometry, and an exhaust aftertreatment system. The engine has a displacement of 12.9 liters and is designed to provide torque between 1,500-2,900 Nm while producing up to 510 horsepower. The document outlines the engine components and systems in detail.

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92% found this document useful (12 votes)

5K views126 pages

DAF Trainee Doc MX-13 Engine Service Manual

Uploaded by

Vallentuna Verkstad

We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.

Available Formats

Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

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Trainee document MX-13 engine

EN2/10
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©201243 DAF Trucks N.V., Eindhoven,

The Netherlands.
In the interest of continuing product development,
DAF reserves the right to change specifications
or products at any time without prior notice.
No part of this publication may be reproduced
and/or published by printing, by photocopying, on
microfilm or in any way whatsoever without the
prior consent in writing of DAF Trucks N.V.
The content of this training material is solely
meant for training purposes and can therefore not
be used for actual “life” situations. The
information in this document is subject to
changes. For the correct chassis specific
technical data it is imperative to consult the
service documentation via Service Rapido.

STRUCTURE

Structure

BASIC ENGINE
1
FUEL SYSTEM
2
AIR INLET AND EXHAUST
3
COOLING SYSTEM
4
LUBRICATION SYSTEM
5

BASIC ENGINE
Contents

CONTENTS
Basic Engine

Page Date

1. INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1 . . . . . 201243

1.1 General Information MX-13 engine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1 . . . . . 201243
1
2. COMPONENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-1 . . . . . 201243
2.1 Electronic control unit PCI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-1 . . . . . 201243
2.2 Cylinder head and valve cover . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-2 . . . . . 201243
2.3 Pistons and liners . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-3 . . . . . 201243
2.4 Crankshaft and bearings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5 . . . . . 201243
2.5 Camshaft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-7 . . . . . 201243
2.6 Gear train. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-9 . . . . . 201243
2.7 Oil sump . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-10 . . . . 201243
2.8 Crankcase ventilation module (L090) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-13 . . . . 201243

BASIC ENGINE
Contents

BASIC ENGINE
Introduction

1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 GENERAL INFORMATION MX-13 ENGINE

The MX-13 engine is compliant with Euro 6-

emission regulations. The MX-13 engine has the 1
following technical layout:
- 6-cylinder in line
- 4 valves per cylinder
- Common Rail Diesel Direct Injection
- Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR)
- PCI engine control system (PACCAR
Common Rail Injection)
- EAS-3 (Emission Aftertreatment System)
- VTG (Variable Turbo Geometry) with
intercooling
- Bore & stroke 130 x 162 mm
- Displacement 12.9 ltr.
- Compression ratio 17.7:1
- Weight approximately 1260 kg.
Figures may be dependent of vehicle
configuration.
PACCAR MX-13
Nm 2900

120815
torque
2700

2500

2300

2100

1900
375
1700
340
1500
300
1300

kW 380
output 510 hp

360 490
375
470
340
450

320
340
430

300 410

390
300
280
370

260
350

330
240

310
220
290

200 270

ECE R24-03 (ISO 1585) EURO 6 250

180

8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 x 100 min-1

i402053

BASIC ENGINE
Introduction

2
3
1

4
7

6
5

i402147

BASIC ENGINE
Introduction

9
1
10

i402148
1 EGR valve (L095)
2 Rotary speed actuator (L037)
3 VTG
4 Coolant pump
5 Oil module
6 Oil cooler
7 BPV (L096)
8 Fuel dosing valve (L124)
9 EGR Cooler
10 Common rail
11 Common rail pump unit (L092 , L093)
12 Fuel filtration module
13 ECU
14 Crankcase ventilation module (L090)

BASIC ENGINE
Introduction

.....................................................................................................................................................

1 .....................................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................................

BASIC ENGINE
Components

2. COMPONENTS
2.1 ELECTRONIC CONTROL UNIT PCI

PACCAR Common rail Injection (PCI)

The main task of the PCI engine management 1
system is to control the engine so it runs as
smooth and efficient under all possible
circumstances. An in-depth description of the 1
functions and controls of the PCI is covered in a
separate module. The heart of the PCI is the
electronic control unit (ECU), a sophisticated 4
computer which contains electronic power
supplies, central processing units, memory,
sensor input circuits, and output driver circuits.
On some equipment the ECU may communicate
with other electronic controls via the CAN
network. The ECU functions as the electronic
governor controlling the fuel system. The ECU 3
receives input signals from the sensors and other
systems like EAS (Emission Aftertreatment
System). The ECU energises the solenoids from 2
the injectors and common rail pump units to
control timing and engine speed accurately. I401566

The electronic control unit is mounted on the

cylinder block with rubber insulating bushes (2).
The electronic control unit has two 62-pin
connectors and a 92-pin connector. Input signals
from various sensors are continuously processed
and compared with data stored in various maps
(tables) in the electronic control unit. Actuators
are energised on the basis of the signals received
and the maps. The housing (1) of the electronic
control unit is directly connected to the engine
block. The electronic control unit incorporates an
atmospheric pressure sensor and a temperature
sensor. There is an air vent (3) for the
atmospheric pressure sensor in the housing of
the electronic control unit. An identification sticker
(4) is attached to the electronic control unit.
What factors determine energising of
the actuators?

.....................................................................................................................................................

BASIC ENGINE
Components

2.2 CYLINDER HEAD AND VALVE COVER

Cylinder head
1 Cylinder head
1
2
2 Valve bridge
3 Spring cap
4 Valve spring
5 Valve spring 3
6 Valve spring 4
7 Valve stem seal 5
8 Inlet valves
9 Outlet valves 6

The cylinder head is a one-piece cylinder head, 7

made of compact graphite iron with integrated
high pressure lines to feed the injectors. Four
valves are used per cylinder, actuated from a
camshaft that is positioned in the cylinder block.
The inlet manifold is integrated in the cylinder
head.
The cylinder head is mounted to the cylinder
block with a steel multi-layer gasket.
1

i402054

Valve cover
The valve cover covers the valves and is made of
cast aluminium. The crankcase gases collect
here and led through a labyrinth before being
discharged to the crankcase ventilation module.
How many valves per cylinder are
fitted?

.....................................................................................................................................................

BASIC ENGINE
Components

2.3 PISTONS AND LINERS

Piston
The one-piece pistons are made of steel with a
closed gallery. The arrow on the piston must point
towards the front of the engine. Oil jets cool the 1
pistons by spraying a large amount of oil into the
piston gallery in the piston head. The gallery is
equipped with holes through which the oil is
supplied and discharged back to the oil sump.

M201495-2

Liner
The cylinder liners (3) contain an anti-polishing
ring (2). This ring has a slightly smaller inner
diameter compared to the cylinder liner and
prevents carbon build-up on the upper part of the
piston (1). Any such deposits are harmful since
they disturb the oil film on the cylinder liner, which
again leads to liner polishing. The anti-polishing
ring (APR) does not need to be specifically
fixated, as it is kept perfectly and tightly in place
by thermal expansion.

1
2
3

M201632

BASIC ENGINE
Components

1 Anti-polishing ring
2 Liner 1
3 D-ring - oil resistant
4 D-ring - coolant resistant

1 Wet cylinder liners are used. D-rings seal against

coolant leakage.
4
What method is used to secure fixation
of the anti-polishing ring? 3

i402055
.....................................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................................

BASIC ENGINE
Components

2.4 CRANKSHAFT AND BEARINGS

Crankshaft
1 Crankshaft
2
3
Crankshaft main bearing shell
Crankshaft main bearing shell
1
4 Thrust washer crankshaft

The engine has a crankshaft with seven bearings.

The thrust bearing of the crankshaft is placed on
the 7th main bearing. The crankshaft has no
balance weights. For a correct balance the
crankshaft journals have holes drilled in them.
The vibration damper is attached to the
attachment flange at the front of the crankshaft.
The drive gear drives the camshaft and the air
1
compressor via the idler gear. The crankshaft
gear wheel drives the oil pump directly. The
flywheel is fitted on the attachment flange, which
is pressed on the crankshaft.

i402056

Engine block
The engine block is made of compact graphite
iron (CGI). The main bearings (7) are split
fractured to keep the machining of the bearings 7
exact. Die cast numbers on the main bearing
caps and in the lower block indicate the proper
position. Thrust bearings mounted on the seventh
main bearing cap absorb clutch forces.
7

M201490-2

BASIC ENGINE
Components

Bearings
The connecting rods are split fractured to keep
the machining of the bearings exact. This process
also provides a much bigger mating surface
between the parts (1). Care must be taken when
1 handling the main bearing cap and the
connecting rod and rod caps, to prevent damage
to the mating surface. Each cap is marked with an
identification that must be matched with its
original position.

2328 2328

M201509-2

On which main bearing are the thrust

washers positioned? 1

M201510
.....................................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................................

BASIC ENGINE
Components

2.5 CAMSHAFT

1 Camshaft
2 Locking plate

The camshaft is driven by the crankshaft via the

1
idler gear. By using a dowel pin, the drive gear
can only be fitted on the camshaft in one position.
Cam A1 to A6 actuate the intake valves; B1 to B6
actuate the exhaust valves. C5 and C6 are three-
lobed cams that actuate the pump units for the
common rail system.

i402057

A6
C6 B6
A5
C5 B5
A4
B4
A3
B3
A2
B2
A1
B1
i401968-2

BASIC ENGINE
Components

What is the shape of cam C5 and C6 in

the drawing?

1
.....................................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................................

BASIC ENGINE
Components

2.6 GEAR TRAIN

1 Idler timing gear

2 Hub, idler timing gear
3
4
Pulse ring
Camshaft gear
1
5 Vibration damper
6 Plug
7 Crankshaft gear
5
The camshaft, compressor and auxiliaries are
driven by gears at the flywheel side of the engine.
Via the idler gear (1), the crankshaft gear wheel 4
(7) drives the camshaft drive gear (4) and the air
compressor. The crankshaft gear directly drives 3
the oil pump gear. 6
A PTO (Power Take Off) is installed, depending 2
on the application of the engine.
1
A vibration damper (5) is installed at the front end
of the crankshaft to reduce vibrations.
True of false: the gears are positioned
7
at the flywheel side of the engine.

i402058

.....................................................................................................................................................

BASIC ENGINE
Components

2.7 OIL SUMP

The bottom of the engine block has a sump

reinforcement plate. This reinforcement plate

1 stiffens the construction of the bottom of the

engine block, so the engine produces less noise.
The sump is made of special reinforced polymer
material. The sump is bolted directly to the engine
block flange with pre-mounted bolts with metal
inserts (detail A). The gasket is pre-mounted in a
groove (detail B). The sump is equipped with a
bayonet drain plug (C) and an oil level sensor (D).

M2 01 309

BASIC ENGINE
Components

B
D

i402059

BASIC ENGINE
Components

True of false: The oil sump is mounted

directly to the sump reinforcement
plate.

1
.....................................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................................

BASIC ENGINE
Components

2.8 CRANKCASE VENTILATION MODULE (L090)

i402052

BASIC ENGINE
Components

i401936

Overview
All engine combustion processes produce
exhaust gases. A small portion leaks from the
combustion chamber down into the crankcase
where the exhaust gases mix with oil and turn into
crankcase gases. These gases must be
discharged constantly to prevent pressure
building up inside the crankcase. The emission of
oil (airborne and oil borne) coming out of the
crankcase ventilation, is restricted to certain
values (demands by several governmental rules).
The crankcase ventilation module must be able to
remove oil out of the crankcase gas stream to a
certain amount. When the gases leave the
module they flow back to the environment.

BASIC ENGINE
Components

A crankcase ventilation module protects both

engine and environment. The stringent Euro 6
emission limits prohibit that blow-by gases which
are loaded with oil mist are discharged into the
environment in an unclean form. The crankcase
ventilation module performs these required
cleaning functions and returns the separated
1
engine oil to the oil sump. The cleaned gas is
compliant with the emission regulations and can
be transported to the environment.
Operation
The crankcase ventilation module is based on the
centrifuge principle. Crankcase gas, that contains
a certain amount of oil mist, enters the module at
the lower connection (red arrow). An electrical
driven, internal element with 98 circular discs
rotates at 12.000 rpm, separates the heavier oil
mist from the crankcase gas.

i401945-2

BASIC ENGINE
Components

Red Crankcase gas entering module

arrow
Blue Cleaned gas exiting module
arrow

1
Yellow Oil back to sump
arrow

i401937-2

The separated oil is thrown outwards against the

wall, drops down and is collected in the lower part
of the housing. From there the oil drains back to
the oil sump via the drain valve and the
connection (yellow arrow). The connection is
covered to prevent oil splashing from the sump
into the connection.
The cleaned gas leaves the module at the top
connection (blue arrow) and flows to the road
draft tube. The crankcase ventilation module is
maintenance-free. For diagnostic purposes the
rotating element has a speed sensor (Hall-
sensor) that reads the magnet of the motor to
provide feedback on its operation to the PCI
ECU.

BASIC ENGINE
Components

What is the shape of the elements that

actually separate the oil from the
crankcase gas?
What type of speed sensor is used to
monitor the rotation speed of the
element?
1

.....................................................................................................................................................

BASIC ENGINE
Components

FUEL SYSTEM
Contents

CONTENTS
Fuel System

Page Date

1. INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1 . . . . . 201243

1.1 System introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1 . . . . . 201243

2. SYSTEM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-1 . . . . . 201243

2.1 Overview Fuel system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-1 . . . . . 201243
2.2 Fuel supply system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.3 Low pressure system. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-3 . . . . .
2-4 . . . . .
201243
201243
2
2.4 High pressure system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5 . . . . . 201243
2.5 Fuel Return lines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-9 . . . . . 201243

3. COMPONENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-1 . . . . . 201243

3.1 Fuel lift pump . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-1 . . . . . 201243
3.2 Fuel filtration module . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-2 . . . . . 201243
3.3 Pump unit, Common rail, injector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-9 . . . . . 201243

FUEL SYSTEM
Contents

FUEL SYSTEM
Introduction

1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 SYSTEM INTRODUCTION

The fuel system consists of a fuel supply system,

a fuel filtration module, a high pressure system
and a fuel return system.
The fuel supply system transports the fuel from
the tank to the fuel filtration module. The fuel
filtration module has multiple tasks such as 2
filtering and heating of the fuel and separating
water from the fuel.
The high pressure system is used to pressurise
and inject the fuel in the combustion chamber
under high pressure.
The return system transports the excess amount
of fuel back to the tank or fuel filtration module.

.....................................................................................................................................................

FUEL SYSTEM
Introduction

FUEL SYSTEM
System

2. SYSTEM
2.1 OVERVIEW FUEL SYSTEM

Fuel system MX-13 engine

2
a a a a a

P
b 4
U

T P
U U
c
e d

M M
b b

3
a
k l g m
c
j n
e d h c
b
i
f a
o M
b
2
a
1 q p

b c

R
d
U
e
a
6
i401926

1 Fuel Module
1a Fuel sieve
1b Hand priming pump
1c Filter element and water separator
1d Fuel heater
1e Water drain valve - Water in Fuel Sensor
1f Activated carbon canister
1g Deaeration filter (circulation)
1h Drain line (filter change)

FUEL SYSTEM
System

1i Water overflow (redundancy)

1j Test connection fuel pressure
1k Supply fuel EAS - Fuel dosing valve
1l Fuel connection to gallery
1m Fuel return from gallery
1n Fuel inlet from lift pump
1o Fuel to lift pump
1p Fuel return to tank
2 1q
2
Fuel inlet
Fuel lift pump
2a Pump unit
2b Non-return valve
2c Safety valve
3 Cylinder block
3a Injector back leak valve
3b High pressure pump units
3c Fuel pressure regulating valve
3d Pressure sensor
3e Temperature sensor
4 Common rail
4a Common rail pressure relief valve
4b Pressure sensor
5 Cylinder head
5a Injector
6 Fuel tank
6a Tank Sieve
6b Coupling supply line
6c Coupling return line
6d Pressure valve
6e Tank level sensor

FUEL SYSTEM
System

2.2 FUEL SUPPLY SYSTEM

Fuel supply
The fuel from the tank (6) enters the fuel filtration
module via shut-off valve (6b) in the supply pipe. b c
A tank sieve (6a) and a filter in the hand priming
pump prevent any larger impurities from the
bottom of the fuel tank getting into the fuel d
2
R
U
system. The return fuel from the fuel filtration e
module flows back to the tank via a shut-off valve a
6
(6c). The shut-off valves (6b and 6c) are opened
when the fuel lines are connected. When the fuel i402024

lines between engine and chassis are

disconnected, the valves close.
The tank is equipped with a level sensor (6e) and
a pressure valve (6d) in the filler cap.

.....................................................................................................................................................

FUEL SYSTEM
System

2.3 LOW PRESSURE SYSTEM

The low pressure fuel supply system consists of

a fuel lift pump and a fuel filtration module.

Fuel lift pump

The fuel lift pump transports the fuel from the tank

2 to the fuel filtration module.

Fuel filtration module
The fuel enters the fuel filtration module at the
hand priming pump (1b). k l g m
It flows via connection (1o) to the fuel lift pump c
and enters the fuel filtration module again at (1n). j n
Fuel passes via the integrated fuel heater (1d) e d h
through the fuel filter element (1c) and automatic i
water separator which is part of the filter element. f
The separated water is collected and the level is o
sensed by a water-in-fuel sensor that activates b
the automatic drain valve (1e). The water is
discharged to the environment via an activated a
Carbon Filter (1f). 1 q p
An orifice in the water separator (1i) deaerates
the water bowl, an orifice in the filter (1g) i402020

deaerates the filter, both lines are connected to

the return fuel gallery (1m).
The outlet for the clean fuel (1l) is directly
connected to the fuel gallery in the cylinder block.
There is a test connection on the fuel filtration
module for measuring the fuel pressure (1j).
The solenoid valve on the fuel intake module
controls the fuel supply to the fuel dosing valve of
the EAS-3. The dosing module injects fuel in the
exhaust during the active regeneration process.
Clean fuel is supplied by the fuel filtration module
through a direct connection (1k) but the solenoids
are controlled by the ECU of the Emission
Aftertreatment System (EAS-3).

.....................................................................................................................................................

FUEL SYSTEM
System

2.4 HIGH PRESSURE SYSTEM

2 3 4 5
i401932
1 Common rail
2 Injector (B421 - B426)
3 Common rail pressure relief valve (L094)
4 Pressure sensor (F854)
5 Common rail pump unit (L092, L093)

The high pressure system comprises of a high

pressure fuel accumulator (common rail, 1) which
is connected to 6 injectors (2), fitted into the
cylinder head. Two electronic controlled unit
pumps (5) are fitted into the engine block to
supply high pressure fuel to the common rail. The
pressure in the rail is controlled by the common
rail pressure release valve (3) and measured by
a pressure sensor (4).
The high pressure in the system is delivered by
two pump units that are mounted in a special
gallery in the casting of the cylinder block. Two
tappets are mounted within the pump bores of the
engine block, and the tappet rollers contact the
cam surface. The pump units are pressure
lubricated by the oil system.

FUEL SYSTEM
System

a a a a a

2 P
U b 4

T P
U U
c
e d

M M
b b

3
a
i402023
3 Cylinder block
3a Injector back leak valve
3b High pressure pump units
3c Fuel pressure regulating valve
3d Pressure sensor
3e Temperature sensor
4 Common rail
4a Common rail pressure relief valve
4b Pressure sensor
5 Cylinder head
5a Injector

.....................................................................................................................................................

FUEL SYSTEM
System

7
2
a
6 3 a

CR d
1 c 2
b
P
5
a
c
4 b

i401982
1 Pump unit
1a Outlet metering valve
1b Plunjer
1c Check valve
2 Common rail with pressure release valve
(L094)
3 Injector with solenoid
4 Fuel supply line
5 Fuel lift pump
6 Return fuel from common rail pressure
release valve
7 Return fuel from injector
8 Fuel tank

The fuel is transported from the tank (8) via the

supply line (4) and fuel lift pump (5) to the high
pressure pump unit (1). If the outlet metering
valve in the pump unit is not activated, the fuel is
pumped back into the fuel supply line. When the
outlet metering valve in the pump unit is
activated, the return is closed and the fuel is
pumped at high pressure to the common rail (2)
through the checkvalve (1c). When the ECU
activates the solenoid valve in the injector (3) an
injection takes place.
The ECU controls the solenoids from the injectors
(3a), the outlet metering valves from the pump
units (1a) and the common rail pressure relieve
valve (2a) to affect the pressure in the rail. The
regulation of the pressure in the rail is carried out
by actuating the outlet metering valve located

FUEL SYSTEM
System

within the high pressure pump. The discharge of

the rail pressure, during large drops in rail
pressure demand, is carried out by the common
rail pressure release valve (2a). The outlet
metering valve pulse demand and the common
rail pressure release valve current demand are
computed depending on the total rail pressure
demand, rail pressure feedback, rail pressure
error, engine speed, fuel quantity demand. The
2 rail-mounted pressure sensor monitors the fuel
pressure in the rail.
What happens to the fuel when the
outlet metering valve is not activated?

.....................................................................................................................................................

FUEL SYSTEM
System

2.5 FUEL RETURN LINES

Return lines
There are four return systems distinguishable:
- Leak off from injectors
- Leak off from common rail pressure release
valve
-
-
leak off from fuel gallery
Return line from fuel filtration module 2
These four systems have in common that they
supply a path for fuel that is not used for the
combustion but has been transported into the low
or high pressure system. For several reasons the
fuel must be transported out of these systems
and led back to fuel filtration module or fuel tank.
5

a a a a a

P
b 4
U

T P
U U
c
e d

M M
b b

3
a
k l g m
c
j n
e d h c
b
i
f a
o M
b
2
a p
1
q

b c

R
d
U
e
a
6

i402036
Leak off from injectors: fuel flows from a gallery in
the cylinder head and an external steel line to the
fuel return gallery in the engine block. The
connection is equipped with a non-return
pressure valve (3a). The non-return pressure
valve serves to prevent fuel entering the cylinder
if an injector is pulled when there is still pressure
on the fuel tank. The other function of the non-
return valve is to keep the return gallery in the
cylinder head filled with pressurised fuel (600 -
750 kPa) to prevent cavitation in the injectors.

FUEL SYSTEM
System

a a a a a

P
b 4
U

T P
U U
c
e d

M M
b b

2
a
k l g m
c
j n
e d h c
b
i
f a
o M
b
2
a p
1
q

b c

R
d
U
e
a
6

i402035
Leak off from common rail pressure release
valve: when a large drop in rail pressure demand
is needed, as a result of changes in engine load
the common rail pressure release valve (4a) is
opened. The leak off fuel is led back to the inlet
side of the fuel filtration module (1).
5

a a a a a

P
b 4
U

T P
U U
c
e d

M M
b b

3
a
k l g m
c
j n
e d h c
b
i
f a
o M
b
2
a p
1
q

b c

R
d
U
e
a
6

i402037
Leak off from fuel supply gallery: When the
pressure in the common rail is high enough, the
overhead metering valves of the pump units are
not activated and fuel is pumped back into the
fuel supply gallery. Anon-return pressure valve
(3c) regulates the pressure in the fuel supply
gallery. The leak off fuel from the pressure valve
is led back to the return line to the tank.

FUEL SYSTEM
System

a a a a a

P
b 4
U

T P
U U
c
e d

M M
b b

2
a
k l g m
c
j n
e d h c
b
i
f a
o M
b
2
a p
1
q

b c

R
d
U
e
a
6

i402038
The internal leak-off fuel from the pump units is
discharged to the return gallery in the cylinder
block via a bore. The return gallery is directly
connected to the return (1m) in the fuel module.
When the cap of the fuel filter is loosened, the fuel
is drained from the filter housing back to the tank
via two drainholes in the filterbase (1h). These
drainholes also prevent the engine from running
when there is no filter element installed.

.....................................................................................................................................................

FUEL SYSTEM
System

FUEL SYSTEM
Components

3. COMPONENTS
3.1 FUEL LIFT PUMP

The low-pressure fuel supply system consists of

a fuel filtration module and a fuel lift pump. The
fuel lift pump transports the fuel from the tank to
the fuel filtration module.

A Suction side 2
B Delivery side
1 Pressure release valve 1
The fuel lift pump is fitted together with the
steering pump (tandem pump) at the rear of the
air compressor. The crankshaft in the air A
compressor drives the tandem pump. The fuel lift
pump is a gear wheel pump.
A pressure release valve (1) is fitted in the fuel lift
pump to protect the low-pressure area of the fuel
system against excessive fuel lift pump pressure B
caused by excessive flow resistance.

i401400

The drawing shows the schematic of

the fuel lift pump (2). What is the code
for the pressure release valve in the c
schematic? b

a
M

2
i402021
.....................................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................................

FUEL SYSTEM
Components

3.2 FUEL FILTRATION MODULE

The low pressure fuel supply system consists of

a fuel filtration module and a fuel lift pump.

1a
1q
1k 1m

1o
1l

1g 1f
1i
1h

1p
1j
1n
1d
1e
i401927

FUEL SYSTEM
Components

1 Fuel filtration module, L097

1a Fuel sieve
1b Hand priming pump
1c Filter element and water separator
1d Fuel heater
1e Water drain valve - Water in Fuel Sensor
1f Activated Carbon canister
1g Deaeration filter (circulation)
1h
1i
Drain line (filter change)
Water overflow (redundancy)
2
1j Test connection fuel pressure
1k Supply Fuel EAS - Fuel Shut Off Valve
1l Fuel connection to gallery
1m Fuel return from gallery
1n Fuel inlet from lift pump
1o Fuel to lift pump
1p Fuel return to tank
1a Fuel sieve
1b Hand pump
1c Filter element and water separator
1d Fuel heater
1e Water drain valve
1f Activated Carbon canister

The fuel filtration module has five basic functions:

1. Fuel filter and water separator
2. Water discharge to environment via AC
(activated carbon) canister
3. Fuel heater
4. Water separation to AC
5. Hand priming pump

FUEL SYSTEM
Components

4 3

i402039

FUEL SYSTEM
Components

Fuel heater
The fuel from the fuel lift pump enters the module
at the blue arrow. All fuel entering the module is
passing the fuel heater. Under warm/hot
conditions the heater will not function. When the
incoming fuel is below 2+/-5 º C, the bi-metal
switch will close and the heater will warm up.
Since the heater is a self-controlled part, through
a fuel immersed bi-metal switch and PTC heater
stones, parasitic power consumption will be
excluded.
2

i402033

Fuel filter and water separator

The main filter element consists of a inner and
outer filter element. The outer element is a
conventional filter element that has a filtering
capacity up to 3 microns. The inner element is an
insert with a special hydrophobic coating to
separate the water from the fuel. The filter
element is patented with No Filter-No Run
feature; use of non-original filter will result in
strongly reduced engine performance. No filter
use will result in non-starting engine. When the
filtercover is removed, the filter is lifted and the
lower O-ring opens two small drainholes to drain
the content of the filtration module back to the
tank. The clean fuel is led through an internal
bore in the filtration housing and exits directly into
the fuel supply gallery in the engine block

FUEL SYSTEM
Components

A
B
2 C
D

i402034
A Fuel in
B Fuel through filter element
C Clean fuel
D Separated water

Water separation to AC
The water that is separated from the fuel by the
fuel filter is collected in the water bowl in the lower
part of the filterhousing. The water level in the
lower bowl is sensed by a Water-In-Fuel sensor.
When the separated water level in the bowl is
reaching the sensor pins, the voltage reading of
the sensor will change and trigger the engine
ECU to give a time based actuating signal to the

FUEL SYSTEM
Components

solenoid of the draining valve. The valve opens

the entrance to the Activated Carbon canister (1f)
and the water is drained. If the WIF-sensor has a
malfunction the voltage reading will be so that the
ECU interprets this as a fault and give that info to
the driver’s info panel. There is a drain hole (1i) to
deariate the lower bowl and provide redundant
safety in case the valve is malfunctioning.
Water discharge to environment via AC
(activated carbon) canister
2

A
B
C
D
E
F
G

i402062
A Fuel in E HC-contaminated water
B Fuel through filter element F Clean water
C Clean fuel G Activated carbon
D Separated water

FUEL SYSTEM
Components

The separated water will be directed to an AC-

canister where activated carbon reduces the
remaining hydrocarbon content in the water to a
maximum of 2 ppm. When the AC-canister is
completely full the water will be drained to the
environment. This water is clean like drinking
water. The water-in-fuel disposal needs to be
serviced accoring to the maintenance schematic.

2 Hand priming pump

1q Entrance side
1o Exit side

The hand priming pump can be used for bleeding

and filling the fuel system. The fuel is entering the
fuel module at the hand priming pump. It contains
a 300 micron sieve to protect the in- and outlet
valves of the pump. This sieve is a fit- for-life part
but can be serviced in case of severe
contamination. The hand priming pump must be
screwed out before it can be operated. From the
hand priming pump the fuel flows (1o) to the fuel
lift pump. The one-way valve makes sure that the
fuel cannot flow back towards the tank during the
piston stroke. The pump piston must be screwed
in after use. 1q
1o
The fuel is entering the pump housing at
connection 1q and is leaving at connection 1o to
flow to the fuel lift pump.
1p 1n
What are the tasks for the hand priming
pump?
i401923

.....................................................................................................................................................

FUEL SYSTEM
Components

3.3 PUMP UNIT, COMMON RAIL, INJECTOR

Pump unit

5 2
6

2 8

9
3

10
11

i402031
1 High pressure connection
2 Clamp
3 Capnut
4 Plunger return spring
5 Header
6 Disc spring
7 Stator
8 Outlet metering valve
9 Pumping body
10 Plunger
11 Thust pad

FUEL SYSTEM
Components

The outlet metering valve (OMV) is integrated in

the pump units and is controlled by the ECU. The
actual amount of pressure build up to supply the
rail is calculated by the ECU depending on
several parameters (input signals). The ECU
sends an actuation signal to the outlet metering
valve at a calculated time before the plunger
reaches top dead center (TDC), using the
remaining part of the stroke to build up the
2 pressure. When the requested amount of fuel is
high, the outlet metering valve will be closed in an
early stage, when the requested amount is low
the actaution will take place later during the
stroke. The outlet metering valve is equipped with
a check valve that only has to be actuated for a
short period of time and will remain closed untill
the plunger is moving downwards. The pump
units do not require an electronic trim due to the
closed loop ECU rail pressure control strategy
which adjusts each pump logic as required over
the life of the unit.
Common rail
The pressurized fuel is send to the high pressure
rail. The rail volume is meant to keep the fuel
pressure stable during the injection cycles.
The high pressure system includes a common rail
pressure release valve (L094) and a pressure
sensor (F854) which are part of the rail assembly.

L094

F854
i401930-2

FUEL SYSTEM
Components

The common rail pressure release valve has the

following principal functions:
- To enable rail pressure to be reduced rapidly
when required.
- To provide a pressure limiting function in the
event of loss of control of the rail pressure
due to a failure of, for example, the rail
pressure sensor or the electronic control

-
unit.
To enable open loop rail pressure control for 2
‘limp-home’ operation in the event of failure
of the High Pressure Sensor.
- To permit a minimum rail pressure sufficient
to enable a ‘limp-home’ function in the event
of loss of electrical power to the High
Pressure Valve.
- To provide a heating function during cold
start by bleeding off a controlled flow of
pressurised fuel back to the intake side of the
fuel filtration module.
When the common rail pressure release valve
(4a) is opened, the fuel is led back to the intake
side of the fuel filtration module (1).

i401921
Injector
The injectors are mounted in the cylinder head,
and are held in place by the injector clamp and
accurately orientated to provide a good sealing
interface with the injector pipe that is held in place
by a tube nut.

FUEL SYSTEM
Components

2
3

5
6

2
7

9
i402032
1 Injector body
2 Capnut
3 Header
4 Stator
5 Nozzle control valve
6 Piston guide
7 Barrel
8 Sealing washer
9 Nozzle

FUEL SYSTEM
Components

Camshaft
The camshaft is equiped with two triangular lobes
(C5 - C6) so the pump plungers in the pump units
are pumping six strokes over 360º camshaft
degrees (720º crankshaft). The stroke of the
pump units is configured such that there is one
pumping cycle per combustion event to ensure
that the pressure at each injector will be
nominally the same at the start of the injection
sequence. The pump units are phased to the
engine crank position.
2

A6
C6 B6
A5
C5 B5
A4
B4
A3
B3
A2
B2
A1
B1
i401968-2

Injectors - Electronic Trim

The electronic trim is used to ensure that all
injectors run with nominal timing and fuel
delivery. This is achieved by adjusting the
beginning and end of the electronic drive
waveform for each injector to compensate for
spread in actuation and deactuation times of the
actuator in each injector and to correct for
variations in fuelling due to nozzle flow variations.

i400772

FUEL SYSTEM
Components

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2 .....................................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................................

AIR INLET AND EXHAUST

Contents

CONTENTS
Air inlet and exhaust

Page Date

1. INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1 . . . . . 201243

1.1 Introduction of air inlet and exhaust system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1 . . . . . 201243

2. SYSTEM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-1 . . . . . 201243

2.1 System overview: Air inlet and exhaust system. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-1 . . . . . 201243
2.2 System description Air inlet and exhaust system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-4 . . . . . 201243
2.3 MX Engine Brake system description general . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-6 . . . . . 201243

3. COMPONENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-1 . . . . . 201243

3.1 Turbo (VTG) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.2 Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR)-valve (L095) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3-1 . . . . .
3-4 . . . . .
201243
201243
3
3.3 Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR)-cooler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-5 . . . . . 201243
3.4 Back Pressure Valve (L096) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-6 . . . . . 201243
3.5 Fuel Dosing Valve (L124) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-7 . . . . . 201243
3.6 Emission Aftertreatment System (EAS-3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-8 . . . . . 201243

4. CONTROL FUNCTIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-1 . . . . . 201243

4.1 Air Management system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-1 . . . . . 201243

AIR INLET AND EXHAUST

Contents

AIR INLET AND EXHAUST

Introduction

1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 INTRODUCTION OF AIR INLET AND EXHAUST SYSTEM

The air inlet and exhaust system is the collective

noun for the engine parts that supply the engine
with clean inlet air and discharge of exhaust gas.
The inlet air is filtered, compressed, cooled and -
under some circumstances- mixed with exhaust
gas before it enters the combustion chamber.
Exhaust gas is used to drive the turbine, -under
some circumstances- cooled and led back to the
inlet side. Exhaust gas is also subject to an
extensive chemical process to remove the 3
hazardous components, before it enters the
atmosphere.
The exhaust system can be used as an engine
brake system.

.....................................................................................................................................................

AIR INLET AND EXHAUST

Introduction

AIR INLET AND EXHAUST

System

2. SYSTEM
2.1 SYSTEM OVERVIEW: AIR INLET AND EXHAUST SYSTEM

Air inlet and exhaust system

5 8
3

6 3

i402102

AIR INLET AND EXHAUST

System

1 Air inlet
2 Turbo with variable geometry (VTG)
3 Intercooler
4 Inlet manifold
5 Exhaust gas manifold
6 Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR valve
7 Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR cooler
8 Venturi
9 Back Pressure valve (BPV)
10 Fuel Dosing valve
11 Emission Aftertreatment System

3 Air inlet
Fresh air enters the air inlet behind the cabin and
passes through the air filter before reaching the
compressor side of the turbo.
Turbo with variable geometry (VTG)
The VTG plays an important role in the total air
management system. The operation of the
turbine side of the VTG is related to the operation
of the EGR-valve and the BPV, different
cooperation strategies control the exhaust gas
composition that the engine delivers to the EAS.
The compressor side of the turbo supplies the air
for the combustion process.
Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) valve
The Exhaust Gas Recirculation is part of the total
air management system. The operation of the
EGR-valve is related to the operation of the VTG
and the BPV, different cooperation strategies
control the exhaust gas composition that the
engine delivers to the EAS.
Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) cooler
The Exhaust Gas Recirculation cooler reduces
the temperature of the exhaust gas that is led
back to the inlet side of the engine.
Back Pressure Valve (BPV)
The Back Pressure Valve is part of the total air
management system. The operation of the BPV
is related to the operation of the VTG and the
EGR-valve, different cooperation strategies
control the exhaust gas composition that the
engine delivers to the EAS.
Fuel dosing valve (HC-doser)
The fuel dosing valve injects fuel into the exhaust
pipe before the oxidation catalyst during
regeneration to raise the temperature of the
exhaust gas.
Crankcase ventilation Module
The crankcase ventilation Module removes soot
and oil out of the crankcase gas stream to a
certain amount.

AIR INLET AND EXHAUST

System

Emission Aftertreatment System (EAS-3)

The Emission Aftertreatment System converts
the harmful components in the exhaust gas to
secure that the emissions of the engine comply
with legal regulations.

.....................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................... 3
.....................................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................................

AIR INLET AND EXHAUST

System

2.2 SYSTEM DESCRIPTION AIR INLET AND EXHAUST SYSTEM

Overview
The air inlet and exhaust system for the MX-13
can be divided into several subsystems:
- Air inlet system
- Exhaust system
- Emission Aftertreatment System (EAS-3)
- Air management system
Exhaust system

3 The exhaust gases leave the cylinder through two

exhaust valves per cylinder and leave the engine
via the insulated exhaust gas manifold (5). The
exhaust gas flows via the turbine (9) to the EAS-
3 (10). The turbo, as part of the air management
system, has a sliding nozzle ring to control the
flow of the exhaust gases through the turbine.
After leaving the DPF unit, the exhaust gases
enter the SCR unit. The SCR unit consists of a
combination of the Selective Catalytic Reduction
catalyst and an Ammonia Oxidation catalyst. The
main purpose of the SCR system is to reduce the
amount of nitrogen oxide (NOx).
Air inlet system
When the turbo charger compresses the inlet air,
the temperature of the air increases. To improve
combustion, the intercooler cools the boosted air
before it reaches the inlet manifold in the cylinder
head. As the air exits the intercooler, it is routed
to the inlet manifold. The cooled, boosted air
mixes under specific circumstances with small
amounts of cooled exhaust gas before entering
the inlet manifold. The inlet manifold routes the
inlet air to each cylinder for combustion. Inlet air
enters one side of the cylinder head and exits the
other side as exhaust gas. The inlet manifold is
integrated in the casting of the cylinder head,
each cylinder has two intake valves.
Emission Aftertreatment System
The EAS-3 (3th generation of Emission
Aftertreatment System) can be divided in two
major systems, namely the DPF (Diesel
Particulate Filter) system and the SCR (Selective
Catalytic Reduction) system. After leaving the
engine, the exhaust gases enter the DPF unit.
The DPF unit works in combination with a Diesel
Oxidation Catalyst and a Diesel Particulate Filter.
The main purpose of the DPF system is to reduce
the particles in the exhaust gases.

AIR INLET AND EXHAUST

System

i401989

Air management system

Depending on the engine mode and composition
of the exhaust gas the air management system
controls the position of the VTG, EGR-valve and
Back Pressure Valve. In NOx standard mode,
when the NOx level of the exhaust gas towards
the EAS can be low, recirculation of exhaust gas
is desirable. The EGR valve opens and exhaust
gas flows via the EGR cooler through the venturi
to the inlet air manifold where it is mixed with the
inlet air.
In High efficiency mode, when the NOx level of
the exhaust gas towards the EAS can be higher,
recirculation of exhaust gas is not needed. The
EGR valve closes, sliding nozzle and BPV are
opened.
In SCR-heating mode and in DPF-regeneration
mode the EGR valve, sliding nozzle from the VTG
and the BPV are closed to generate as much heat
as possible to burn of the collected soot in the
DPF.

.....................................................................................................................................................

AIR INLET AND EXHAUST

System

2.3 MX ENGINE BRAKE SYSTEM DESCRIPTION GENERAL

Introduction
MX Engine Brake is available as an option.
This decompression brake delivers the best
performance in the higher engine-speed range,
indicated in blue on the rev counter.
MX Engine Brake always operates in conjunction
with the VTG.
The electronic unit in the engine management
system switches MX Engine Brake on and off.

3 Engine brake
When activated the engine brake opens the
exhaust valves near the top of the compression
stroke (at approximately 60º BTDC), to release
the highly compressed air through the exhaust
system. The compression stroke is used to slow
the truck down. Because the exhaust valves open
before TDC little energy is returned to the piston,
the energy of the truck forward motion is
dissipated. Opening is done by the CR cam on
the camshaft. Furthermore the exhaust valves
are opened shortly after BDC. This is done by the
BGR cam on the camshaft. Now exhaust gas
enters the cylinder and gives a higher pressure
above the piston, which induces further slowing
down of the truck. In the non braking mode the
solenoid is closed. Oil is pushed in and out of the
master slave piston (tappet). In the braking mode
the solenoid is opened. By opening the solenoid
oil will flow to the actuation piston (LM0 control
valve). When the actuation pin is pushed down,
the ball in the LM0 control valve is seated,
creating an hydraulic lock. Oil is trapped between
the master slave piston (tappet), lash setting is no
longer hydraulically compensated.
The component consists of 6 engine brake units
with actuation system (dedicated cam,
solenoids). The illustration is showing a
disengaged brake.

AIR INLET AND EXHAUST

System

10 4 2
9 1
11
3

12
7 5

6
8
3
i400862-2
1 Solenoid valve
2 Cylinder head oil supply
3 Non-return valve
4 Accumulator
5 Control valve
6 Exhaust valve push rod
7 Piston operating valve
8 Camshaft
9 Operating valve
10 Exhaust valve rocker
11 Bridge for exhaust valves
12 Exhaust valves

General operation of MX Engine Brake

If the engine brake is activated, both the VTG and
MX Engine Brake come into operation. This
means that MX Engine Brake always works in
conjunction with the VTG. If MX Engine Brake
has been activated, no fuel is injected and hence
no combustion will take place.

AIR INLET AND EXHAUST

System

Position A: Induction stroke

The piston moves down and the cylinder is filled
with clean air. Since the exhaust brake is also A B
operated, a high pressure is built up in the
exhaust manifold.
By opening the exhaust valves briefly during the
induction stroke, additional charge pressure is
obtained in the cylinder.
Position B: Compression stroke
The piston moves up and compresses the air in
the cylinder, creating a braking force.
At the end of the compression stroke the exhaust
3 valves are opened. The compressed air can now
escape to the exhaust system. Otherwise this
compressed air would press the piston down
faster.
Position C: Power stroke
The piston moves down and the exhaust valves
are closed.
Position D: Exhaust stroke
The piston moves up, as during a normal exhaust
stroke. C D

i 400165

AIR INLET AND EXHAUST

Components

3. COMPONENTS
3.1 TURBO (VTG)

Turbo with variable geometry (VTG)

The position of the sliding nozzle ring determines
the amount of exhaust gas that is allowed through
(A). When the nozzle ring is fully withdrawn, the
opening is maximum and the speed of the
exhaust gas to drive the turbine wheel is low.
Boost pressure is also low as the compressor
wheel rotates at low speed. When the nozzle ring
is fully extended, the opening is minimum and the
speed of the exhaust gas to drive the turbine
3
wheel is high. Boost pressure is also high as the
compressor wheel rotates at high speed. A
watercooled, CAN-controlled actuator (B)
controls the position of the sliding nozzle ring.
The speed sensor monitors the speed of the
shaft.

A B

E C

i401938
A Exhaust gas
B Electronic actuator
C Inlet air
D Boost air outlet
E Exhaust gas outlet

AIR INLET AND EXHAUST

Components

The VTG plays an important role in the total air

management system. The operation of the VTG
is related to the operation of the EGR-valve and
the BPV, different cooperation strategies control
the exhaust gas composition that the engine
delivers to the EAS.
The VTG uses a turbine stage where the
swallowing capacity is automatically varied while
the engine is running. This permits boost
pressure to be set, providing sufficient energy to
drive the compressor at the desired boost level
wherever the engine operates. This is achieved
3 by varying the area of a nozzle; a set of guide
vanes that control the flow of exhaust gas through
the turbine. The vanes slide axially. The sliding
nozzle ring alters the aperture through which the
exhaust gases flow onto the turbine wheel. This
alteration in the geometry of the turbo charger
increases the boost as the nozzle is closed down.
Reducing the aperture increases exhaust
manifold pressure and increases the turbo
charger speed. As the nozzle ring opens up, the
exhaust pressure reduces and the turbo charger
boost decreases.
A watercooled and automatically calibrated
electric motor actuator (B) is fitted on the VTG for
an accurate operation.
Operation
* Minimum turbine exit area (1) 1
* Maximum exhaust manifold pressure
* Maximum shaft speed
* Maximum boost pressure

When maximum boost pressure is needed the

actuator moves the nozzle ring to close the
aperture to reduce the exhaust gas flow. This
results in maximum shaft speed and maximum
exhaust manifold pressure. Under specific
circumstances this helps to improve the flow of
exhaust gas through the EGR.

i401658

AIR INLET AND EXHAUST

Components

* Increasing turbine exit area (1) 1

* Reducing exhaust manifold pressure
* Reducing shaft speed
* Reducing boost pressure

i401659

* Maximum turbine exit area (1) 1

* Minimum exhaust manifold pressure
* Minimum shaft speed
* Minimum boost pressure

When shaft speed is at a critical (high) level, the

actuator moves the nozzle ring to open the
aperture to maximise the exhaust gas flow . This
results in minimum shaft speed, minimum
exhaust manifold pressure and minimum boost
pressure. The nozzle ring position is infinitely
variable between the end limits.
In how many positions can the nozzle
ring be set?
What is the influence on the shaft
speed when the nozzle ring opening is
set to maximum open?

i401660

.....................................................................................................................................................

AIR INLET AND EXHAUST

Components

3.2 EXHAUST GAS RECIRCULATION (EGR)-VALVE (L095)

A Flow from exhaust manifold

B Flow to EGR-cooler B
1 Actuator with integrated sensors
2 Coolant connections
3 Valve

When EGR flow is required, the ECU commands

1 2
the EGR actuator (1) to open the valve (3),
allowing exhaust gas to flow through the cooler
3 from A to B. Cooled exhaust then flows into the
inlet manifold where it is mixed with inlet air. If
A
additional EGR flow is required, the ECU closes
the VTG and BPV accordingly. The EGR-valve is
a Smart actuator, so it has integrated software to
control the position of the valve, instead of being
directly controlled by the ECU. The valve
assembly is coolant cooled (2) to increase the
durability of the actuator.
The EGR-valve (L095) plays an important role in
the total air management system. The operation
of the EGR-valve is related to the operation of the
VTG and the BPV, different cooperation 3
strategies control the exhaust gas composition
that the engine delivers to the EAS. The EGR
valve is located between the exhaust manifold at
the entrance side of the VTG (A) and the EGR
cooler (B). The assembly consists of a motor, i401970
valve and a sensor. The CAN controlled motor is
used to position the butterfly valve. An internal
sensor monitors the motor’s position. The valve
assembly is coolant cooled (connections 2) to
increase the durability of the actuator. When the
EGR-valve is opened there is a larger amount of
exhaust gas routed back to the inlet manifold
(flow from A to B). The fail-safe position of the
valve is closed, so no EGR is possible in case of
an electrical failure.

AIR INLET AND EXHAUST

Components

3.3 EXHAUST GAS RECIRCULATION (EGR)-COOLER

EGR cooler
A Exhaust gas EGR-cooler in A
B Exhaust gas EGR-cooler out
C Coolant EGR cooler in
D Coolant EGR cooler out

When the EGR valve is opened there is exhaust B

gas flowing towards the inlet manifold. The
exhaust gas passes the EGR valve and flows into D
the EGR cooler at connection point A. The EGR
cooler contains many small pipes for the exhaust 3
gas to flow through. Coolant flows around these
pipes to cool the exhaust gas. At connection point
B, the cooled exhaust gas flows to the inlet C
manifold of the engine. Two pressure sensors i401958

measure the pressure drop over a venturi to

measure the amount of exhaust gas. The coolant
for cooling the exhaust gas flows into the EGR
cooler at connection point D. The coolant flows
out of the EGR cooler at connection point C,
directly into the water pump.
Mixing exhaust gas with the inlet air means that
there is less oxygen available for the combustion
process. The result is that there is less heat
produced during the combustion, this has a direct
influence on the production of NOx. The level of
NOx engine out is an important parameter for the
Engine Emission Aftertreatment System (EAS),
which is the leading controller for the final tail pipe
emissions.

AIR INLET AND EXHAUST

Components

3.4 BACK PRESSURE VALVE (L096)

Back Pressure Valve

1 Housing 1 2
2 Valve
3 Actuator

The BPV plays an important role in the total air

management system. The operation of the BPV
is related to the operation of the VTG and the
EGR-valve, different cooperation strategies
3 control the exhaust gas composition that the
engine delivers to the EAS. The assembly
consists of a housing, valve and a motor with
integrated sensor. The CAN controlled motor is
used to position the butterfly valve. An internal
sensor monitors the motor’s position. The valve
assembly is coolant cooled to increase the
durability of the actuator.
The housing of the valve is used as a support for
the fuel dosing module, NOx sensor, lambda
sensor and temperature sensor. The fail-safe
position of the valve is open, so no actuation of
the valve is possible in case of an electrical
failure.
The BPV has three functions that it can fulfil:
3

- EAS-control
- Non-MEB braking
- Advanced engine control
EAS-control: When the BPV is closed there is a
high back pressure buildup in the exhaust i401975
manifold. The result is less flow and -when the
HC-doser injects fuel- more heat generated for
active and stationary regeneration
(aftertreatment).
When the engine is not equipped with a MEB the
BPV can be closed to block the exhaust flow so
the engine uses the compression force to slow
down the engine. The BPV supports the VTG in
this, as the sliding nozzle ring of the VTG also is
capable of limiting the exhaust gas flow.
The BPV also has a task in engine control, by
closing the valve the pressure drop over the VTG
can be reduced rapidly to prevent the VTG from
overspeeding.

AIR INLET AND EXHAUST

Components

3.5 FUEL DOSING VALVE (L124)

1 Coolant exit 1 2 3
2 Fuel supply
3 Coolant entrance

The fuel dosing valve (L124) is mounted after the

Back Pressure Valve. During regeneration, the
fuel dosing valve injects fuel into the exhaust pipe
before the oxidation catalyst. This is to raise the
temperature of the exhaust gas after the
oxidation catalyst to the temperature at which the
soot is 'burned' in the DPF by the oxygen in the 3
exhaust gases. The fuel dosing valve is activated
with a duty cycle so the amount of injected fuel
can be regulated to keep the DPF at the correct
temperature. The fuel is supplied at connection i401680

(2). When the engine is running, engine coolant

enters the fuel dosing valve at connection (3).
The coolant flows through the fuel dosing valve
and cools it down; it leaves the fuel dosing valve
at connection (1). From here it flows back to the
engine.

AIR INLET AND EXHAUST

Components

3.6 EMISSION AFTERTREATMENT SYSTEM (EAS-3)

WARNING! Smoke on first

regeneration:
During the first regeneration of the
Euro 6 Emission Aftertreatment
System the system will generate
smoke. Whilst the smoke is not
considered harmful sufficient
precaution should be taken to
minimise exposure by making sure
that the first regeneration is not
3 carried out in a confined/enclosed
space. Furthermore, inhalation of
the smoke must be avoided if
possible.
Background: Within the
aftertreatment system an insulating
material is used to prevent the
exterior of the system from reaching
high temperatures. The insulation
uses an organic binder for
packaging purposes which is known
to smolder once it reaches >300°C.
The combustion of this binder does
not affect the performance of the
aftertreatment system. During
normal vehicle operation the
maximum temperature reached is
below the temperature required for
the binder to begin smoldering.
During periodic intervals the
aftertreatment system will begin a
regeneration cycle. It is during these
regeneration cycles that the
temperature of the aftertreatment
system will increase to the point
where the insulation binder will
begin to smolder releasing smoke
from the aftertreatment system. The
binder is typically consumed within
the first full regeneration cycle after
which time no further smoke should
be seen from the system, however, it
is possible that the smoke may
continue in subsequent
regenerations until the binder is fully
consumed. Analysis of the smoke
shows trace quantities of Carbon
monoxide (CO).

AIR INLET AND EXHAUST

Components

3
6

7 1

2
3
i402104
1 Exhaust gas from engine
2 DOC (Diesel Oxidation Catalyst)
3 DPF (Diesel Particulate Filter)
4 Diesel Exhaust Fluid (DEF) doser
5 Decomposition pipe
6 Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR)
7 Ammonia Oxidation Catalyst (AMOX)

Operational background
In theory, when fuel is burned, there is a chemical
reaction taking place. Under the influence of heat,
Hydrocarbons (CxHy) break up and connect to
Oxygen (O) resulting in Carbon-dioxide (CO2)
and water (H2O). In practice though, this process
is disturbed by a number of hard to control
conditions such as excessive heat or lack of
oxygen. As a result, internal combustion engines
emit four major types of emissions:
- Oxides of Nitrogen (NOX)
- Particulate Matter (PM)
- Hydrocarbons (HC)
- Carbon Monoxide (CO)
NOX are highly reactive gases that form when
fuel is burned at high temperatures with excess
air. It is primarily composed of nitric oxide (NO)
and nitrogen dioxide (NO2).
PM is a mixture of solids and liquids that might
include soot from incomplete combustion.
HC’s are the result of unburned fuel and
lubricating oil.

AIR INLET AND EXHAUST

Components

CO, Carbon Monoxide is an odourless and

colourless gas that is the result of incomplete
combustion, primarily from a lack of sufficient
oxygen in the engine cylinder.
Component overview
The first compartment of an EAS system consists
of a DOC (Diesel Oxidation Catalyst), a ceramic
open structure coated with catalytic material. The
DOC is combined with a DPF (Diesel Particulate
Filter), a so called wall-flow filter that traps soot
(PM or carbon, C).

i401987

After DOC and DPF, the third step is Selective

Catalytic Reduction (SCR). The SCR is
positioned in the second compartment of the
EAS. In this process, NOx in the exhaust gasses
is converted into harmless water and inert
nitrogen, both present in the atmosphere. Before
the exhaust gas enters the SCR compartment, it
is dosed with Diesel Exhaust Fluid (DEF), 32.5%
CO(NH2)2 + 67.5 % H2O. The commercial name
for this mixed product of urea and water is
AdBlue. The last step is the Ammonia Oxidation
Catalyst (AMOX), to reduce the unreacted
ammonia from the exhaust gas before it enters
the atmosphere.
i401988

.....................................................................................................................................................

AIR INLET AND EXHAUST

Control functions

4. CONTROL FUNCTIONS
4.1 AIR MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

EGR system
The EGR (Exhaust Gas Recirculation) system is
used to reduce the NOx emission in the exhaust
gas. EGR recirculates a part of the engine's
exhaust gas back into the intake manifold. NOx is
mainly produced at high combustion temperature
and pressure. The intake air mainly consists of N2
and O2. Under high pressure and high
temperature N2 and O2 are oxidated to NOx. By
letting less air and more exhaust gas into the
3
combustion chamber, less N2 oxidates into NOx.
In addition to this, exhaust gas is an inert gas that
does not participate in the combustion process.
This results in a lower combustion temperature
and lower NOx emissions.
During engine operation, EGR flow is controlled
by the ECU according to multiple inputs including:
- engine load
- coolant temperature
- manifold temperature
- boost pressure
- oxygen level in the exhaust

AIR INLET AND EXHAUST

Control functions

Back Pressure Valve (BPV)

Positioned immediately after the turbo, and in
close coorporation with it, is the Back Pressure 1 2
Valve. The assembly consists of a housing (1)
with a valve (2), controlled by an actuator with
integrated sensors (3). The CAN controlled
actuator is used to position the butterfly valve. An
internal sensor monitors the position of the valve.
The actuator is coolant cooled to increase the
durability, a temperature sensor is integrated in
the housing. The BPV is a smart actuator, so it
has integrated software to control the position of

3
the valve, instead of being controlled by the ECU.

i401975

COOLING SYSTEM
Contents

CONTENTS
Cooling system

Page Date

1. INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1 . . . . . 201243

1.1 Introduction cooling system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1 . . . . . 201243

2. SYSTEM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-1 . . . . . 201243

2.1 Overview components cooling system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-1 . . . . . 201243
2.2 System description cooling system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-3 . . . . . 201243

3. COMPONENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-1 . . . . . 201243

3.1 Coolant pump . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-1 . . . . . 201243
3.2 Radiator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-3 . . . . . 201243
3.3 Coolant filter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-4 . . . . . 201243
3.4 Electronically controlled fan clutch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-5 . . . . . 201243
3.5 Component Description: Oil cooler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.6 Component Description: EGR Cooler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3-6 . . . . .
3-7 . . . . .
201243
201243 4
4. FUNCTIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-1 . . . . . 201243
4.1 Electronically controlled fan clutch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-1 . . . . . 201243
4.2 Cold Start speed control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-7 . . . . . 201243

COOLING SYSTEM
Contents

COOLING SYSTEM
Introduction

1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 INTRODUCTION COOLING SYSTEM

The goal of the cooling system is to keep the

temperature of the coolant between predefined
lower and upper limits, under all possible
environmental circumstances. Engine coolant is
used to transfer the heat (a result of friction and
combustion) from the engine to the environment.
Coolant is also used as a heatsource to warm up
the interior of the cabin and parts of the Emission
Aftertreatment System.
What are the coolant properties for the
coolant that has to be used in the MX-
13 engine?
4

.....................................................................................................................................................

COOLING SYSTEM
Introduction

COOLING SYSTEM
System

2. SYSTEM
2.1 OVERVIEW COMPONENTS COOLING SYSTEM

DR
L095

Ex L037 VTG L124 L096

AUX

4
IN
P R EC

OC ll 4 2
CH B 3 C 1
5
D

A
V

RAD
COM

i401981
I -II Coolant flow from coolant pump to oil IN Intarder
cooler V Verturi
A Coolant flow from coolant pump Ex Expansion tank
B Coolant flow to VTG COM Compressor
C Coolant flow to auxiliaries RAD Radiator
D Coolant flow to fuel dosing valve (L124) & DR De-aeriation
BPV module (L096)
1 Coolant flow to intarder (plugged for Non-
intarder)
2 Coolant flow from fuel dosing valve (L124)
& BPV module (L096)
3 Coolant flow to EGR-cooler (plugged for
intarder)
4 Coolant flow from VTG
5 Coolant flow to heater
L124 Fuel Dosing Valve
L096 BPV module
L095 EGR valve module
L037 Rotary speed actuator (VTG)
R Regulators (Thermostats) in coolant
pump
P Coolant pump
OC Oil cooler
CH Heater
EC EGR-cooler
AUX Auxilairy components

COOLING SYSTEM
System

.....................................................................................................................................................

COOLING SYSTEM
System

2.2 SYSTEM DESCRIPTION COOLING SYSTEM

4
3

C
4

5
||
A
|

A-D

1-5

| - ||

i401980

I - II Coolant flow from coolant pump to oil cooler

A Coolant flow from coolant pump
B Coolant flow to VTG
C Coolant flow to auxiliaries
D Coolant flow to fuel dosing valve (L124) & BPV module (L096)
1 Coolant flow to intarder (plugged for Non-intarder)
2 Coolant flow from fuel dosing valve (L124) & BPV module (L096)
3 Coolant flow to EGR cooler (plugged for intarder)
4 Coolant flow from VTG
5 Coolant flow to cabin heater

The coolant flow starts with the rotation of the

coolant pump. The coolant flows from the pump
into the low temp gallery (A).

COOLING SYSTEM
System

Approximately 17% of the coolant flows from A to

the oil cooler (I). From the oil cooler, the coolant
returns to the inlet side of the coolant pump. The
venturi (V) measuring the EGR flow is also
coolant cooled and connected to the coolant
pump with a separate line.
Inside the engine the coolant cools the cylinder
liners and the cylinder head, also some of the
coolant flows through the air compressor. From
the air compressor, the coolant returns to the
intake of the pump through a pipe.
There are three connection points at the low
temperature gallery of the engine (B, C, D).
From connection B the coolant flows to the VTG
and VTG actuator, with a separate line to the
4 EGR-valve actuator. The return from VTG and
actuator flows back to the block connection 4, a
part of the coolant from EGR valve actuator and
VTG actuator flows to the expansion tank, this
also deaerates the system.
From connection C the coolant flows to the
auxiliaries like gearbox cooler, heater for Urea
Dosing System, EAS and back to the suction side
of the coolant pump via the return line coming
from the compressor.
From connection D the coolant flows to the fuel
dosing module and the BPV-actuator and returns
to the high temperature gallery in the block via
connection 2.
From the high temperature gallery in the engine
block, the coolant flow depends of the application
of an intarder. When an intarder is used,
connection 1 is used and the coolant flows
through the intarder and EGR cooler to enter the
thermostathouse. Connection 3 is plugged in that
case.
The coolant flows through the EGR cooler directly
from connection 3 when there is no intarder
applied, connection 1 is plugged in that situation.
The high temperature gallery is also the supply
for the cabin heater system, connection 5 passes
through the coolant pump and returning to the
inlet side of the pump.

.....................................................................................................................................................

COOLING SYSTEM
Components

3. COMPONENTS
3.1 COOLANT PUMP

4
3

i401941

COOLING SYSTEM
Components

1 Coolant from EGR-cooler

2 Coolant from engine return gallery to
cabin heater * ! no connection to pump
just passing through!
3 Coolant to radiator (hot)
4 Coolant to engine block and oil cooler
5 Rotation direction of the pump
6 Coolant from radiator

Coolant Pump
The coolant pump is located at the right-front side
of the engine and driven by a single belt from the
crankshaft pulley (5). The pump has two
integrated thermostats to reduce the pressure
difference over the pump. The coolant entering
4 the pump comes from the EGR-cooler (full flow)
(1) and flows, depending on the temperature,
through the radiator (3 » 6) or directly into the
engine block (4). The pump is equipped with a
sensor that detects a stalled pump, the sensor is
located at the V-belt tensioner.
The coolant entering the engine block is divided
between the main coolant gallery in the block and
the coolant supply to the oil cooler. The coolant
returning from the oil cooler enters at the rear side
of the pump. The supply for the cabin heater is
connected at (2) but this part of the pump has no
internal connection to the coolant pump. The
return gallery in the engine block feeds the cabin
heater.
The coolant pump is equipped with two
thermostats (1 and 2) to provide sufficient flow
over the pump. 2

I401942-2

COOLING SYSTEM
Components

3.2 RADIATOR

4
i402027

Radiator
The radiator is the heat exchanger to transfer the
heat from the coolant to the environment.
The coolant transported to the radiator enters the
radiator at the top and leaves it at the bottom. The
coolant flows from back to the coolant pump via
the coolant return pipe.
Function: cool down coolant to keep several
components at operating temperature
Input: hot coolant, ambient air
Output: cold coolant, hot air

COOLING SYSTEM
Components

3.3 COOLANT FILTER

A coolant filter may be included parallel to the

cooling system. The coolant filter is attached to
the coolant pump housing.
The task of the coolant filter is to filter the coolant
to prevent cavitation.
The coolant is cleaned in the coolant filter. If the
pressure in the coolant filter is too great due to
pollution, the filter element is pressed downwards
against the spring pressure. The coolant then
passes through the coolant filter unfiltered.

M201439

COOLING SYSTEM
Components

3.4 ELECTRONICALLY CONTROLLED FAN CLUTCH

Overview
The electronically controlled fan clutch provides
sufficient air flow through the radiator in all
possible circumstances, even in situations when
the truck does not have driving speed. An
electronically controlled fan clutch (B335) is used
for accurate control of the fan speed.

1 Stator
2 Valve 1
3 Rotor
4 Coil
5 Drive shaft
6
7
Supply chamber
Working area 4
2
The electronically controlled fan clutch checks
and controls the fan speed to make sure that the 3
flow of cooling air through the cooling system is
sufficient to keep the coolant temperature and/or 4
inlet air temperature within certain limits.

i401951
.....................................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................................

COOLING SYSTEM
Components

3.5 COMPONENT DESCRIPTION: OIL COOLER

C A

F H D

4
B

M201442
A Oil from engine block to oil cooler
D Oil cooler
E Cooled and filtered oil to engine block
H Coolant from engine block to oil cooler
I coolant from oil cooler to coolant pump

Oil Cooler
The oil cooler is part of the cooling system, the
heat from the oil is transferred to the coolant in
the oil cooler. The oil cooler is the heat exchanger
to transfer the heat from the oil to the coolant. The
oil cooler is located in the oil module at the right
side of the engine. The coolant which is to cool
the lubricating oil enters the oil module via
opening (H). From here the coolant flows through
the oil cooler (D) and leaves the oil module via the
channel (I) to the coolant pump.
Function: cool down oil to keep several
components at operating temperature
Input: cold coolant, hot oil
Output: hot coolant, cold oil

COOLING SYSTEM
Components

3.6 COMPONENT DESCRIPTION: EGR COOLER

A Exhaust gas in A
B Exhaust gas out
C Coolant from EGR cooler to water pump
D Coolant in

B
D

C
i401958
4
EGR Cooler
The EGR cooler is part of the cooling system, the
heat from the exhaust gas is transferred to the
coolant in the EGR cooler. The EGR cooler is the
heat exchanger to transfer the heat from the
exhaust to the coolant. The EGR cooler is located
at the right side of the engine. The coolant which
is used to cool the exhaust gas enters the oil
module via opening (D). From here the coolant
flows through the EGR cooler and leaves via
connection (C) to the coolant pump.
Function: cool down exhaust gas that is routed
back to the intake side of the engine to reduce
temperature of air entering the engine.
Input: cold coolant, hot exhasut gas
Output: hot coolant, cold exhaust gas to mix with
intake air

COOLING SYSTEM
Components

COOLING SYSTEM
Functions

4. FUNCTIONS
4.1 ELECTRONICALLY CONTROLLED FAN CLUTCH

Operation speed control

100%
ON

OFF

i401959
The speed control is shown in Fig. 401959 -
401963. In state 1, the opening (port) in the
supply chamber is kept close by the valve and
this annular chamber in the rotor remains filled
with silicon fluid. The valve is normally open but
in this state it closes by the attraction of the
magnetic field. Despite the drive speed, no torque
is transferred to the secondary side (stator). The
clutch is disconnected and the fan idles at a low
speed as a result of the bearing friction.

COOLING SYSTEM
Functions

50%
ON

OFF

i401960
In state 2, with the port temporarily open, the
centrifugal force causes the silicon fluid to move
into the working area. The shear friction of the
fluid in the extremely narrow, profiled working
area between the rotor and stator provides the
drive torque. The speed difference that always
occurs between the rotor and the stator as a
result of the slip is used to generate a static
pressure. This pressure on the outer
circumference of the rotor, pumps back the
silicone fluid into the supply chamber through a
return port in the disk – against the centrifugal
force. Depending on how much the valve is
opened, the working area can be filled to any
level, providing fan speeds between idle 1 and full
engagement 3.

COOLING SYSTEM
Functions

5%
ON

OFF

i401961
In state 1, the fan almost reaches the engine
speed, apart from a small remaining slip. The
degree of opening of the valve is controlled by
pulsing a magnetic field generated by a coil. The
valve closes when the magnetic field is “on” at it's
strongest and opens when it is “off”. The degree
of opening depends on the PWM-on-off time
proportions.

COOLING SYSTEM
Functions

0%
ON

OFF

i401962
When there is no power supply to the coil, no
magnetic field is generated so the valve is sprung
loaded in the fully open position. As a result, more
fluid is introduced than is drained off and the
clutch becomes fully engaged to make sure that
the fan speed, and therefore the fan speed is at
it's maximum. A Hall-sensor provides feedback
by continuously checking the desired fan speed
against the actual fan speed. Deviation in fan
speed leads to a system error warning. The fan is
electrically failsafe, should the electrical supply to
the coil be interrupted the fan is fully engaged and
is driven at maximum speed.

COOLING SYSTEM
Functions

100%
ON

OFF

i401963
When there is maximum power (100%) supplied
to the coil, a continuous magnetic field pulls the
valve to the fully closed position to make sure that
the fan speed is reduced to idle as quick as
possible. The silicon fluid from the working area is
pumped back into the supply chamber through
the return bore. The speed difference between
stator and rotor provides the pumping force.

COOLING SYSTEM
Functions

.....................................................................................................................................................

COOLING SYSTEM
Functions

4.2 COLD START SPEED CONTROL

Operation Cold Start speed control function

I Without Cold Start speed control function 2000
II With Cold Start speed control function I
A Input speed 1500
B Fan speed A

[rpm]
1000
The fan clutch is equipped with a Cold Start
speed control function, designed to prevent the 500
fan from rotating during startup of the engine. B
This saves fuel, noise and prevents dust blow. 0
00:00 00:02 00:04 00:06 00:08 00:10 00:12
The silicon fluid in the supply chamber is flowing [s]
into the working area when the coil is not 2000
energized. This is also the case when the engine
is not running, so theoretically the complete 1500
II 4
content of the supply chamber could settle into
the working area. When the engine is started and [rpm]
there is no demand for cooling the valve will be 1000 A
closed forcing the fluid from the working area
back into the supply chamber. This can take a 500
certain amount of time in which the fan is rotating B
at high speed, causing noise, dust and fuel 0
00:00 00:02 00:04 00:06 00:08 00:10 00:12
consumption. [s]
i401965

1 Partition wall 3:00 9:00

2 Supply opening to rotor
3 Return bore 1

The annular supply chamber is not continious but

contains a partition wall (1). This ensures that,
when the engine is not running, the amount of
silicon left behind in the supply chamber, can be
different depending on where the engine has
stopped. The amount of silicon remaining in the
supply chamber does not have to be pumped out 3 2
of the working area so less time is needed to 6:00 12:00
reduce fanspeed. The fanclutch is assembled to
the engine in the optimized position (12.00).
Taking note of the position of the dowel when
disassembling the fanclutch, will ensure that on
re-assembly the fan is fitted back into the
optimized position. Any other position gives less
advantage of the Cold Start speed control
function.

i401964

COOLING SYSTEM
Functions

LUBRICATION SYSTEM
Contents

CONTENTS
Lubrication system

Page Date

1. INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1 . . . . . 201243

1.1 Introduction lubrification system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1 . . . . . 201243

2. SYSTEM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-1 . . . . . 201243

2.1 System overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-1 . . . . . 201243
2.2 System description lubricating oil system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-2 . . . . . 201243

3. COMPONENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-1 . . . . . 201243

3.1 Oil pump . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-1 . . . . . 201243
3.2 Oil module . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-2 . . . . . 201243
3.3 Oil filter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-6 . . . . . 201243
3.4 Centrifugal filter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-8 . . . . . 201243
3.5 Oil Nozzle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-10 . . . . 201243

LUBRICATION SYSTEM
Contents

LUBRICATION SYSTEM
Introduction

1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 INTRODUCTION LUBRIFICATION SYSTEM

The goal of the lubrification system is to prevent

metal-to-metal contact between moving internal
engine parts, under all possible circumstances.
Engine oil is also used to transfer heat (a result of
friction and combustion) from the engine parts
that are not directly cooled by the coolant. The
heat from the oil is transferred to the engine
cooling system via the oil cooler.
Which engine oil specifications should
be used for the MX-13 engine?

..................................................................................................................................................... 5
.....................................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................................

LUBRICATION SYSTEM
Introduction

LUBRICATION SYSTEM
System

2. SYSTEM
2.1 SYSTEM OVERVIEW

7 5
6

4b 10
2

3 4d

4c 4a

1a
1

i402153
1 Oil sump
1a Oil pick-up strainer
2 Oil pump unit
3 Oilmodule
4a Camshaft bearings
4b Main oil duct
4c Main and Big end bearings
4d Oil pressure sensor
5 Valve train
6 VTG
7 Tappets common rail pump unit
10 Compressor

LUBRICATION SYSTEM
System

2.2 SYSTEM DESCRIPTION LUBRICATING OIL SYSTEM

4 d U 8
P 7

a
1 2 3 4 5 6 9
b

c 6
10
5
3 d
f
U 2
e T T a c

c a
b
b g

1
a

i402123
1 Oil sump 4b Main oil duct
1a Oil pick-up strainer 4c Main and Big end bearings
2 Oil pump unit 4d Oil pressure sensor
2a Oil pump 4.1-4.6 Oil nozzles
2b Oil pressure relief valve 5 Valve train
2c Oil pressure regulating valve 6 VTG
3 Oilmodule 7 Tappets common rail pump unit
3a Oil thermostat 8 PTO
3c Oil filter 9 Gear train
3d Oil temperature sensor 10 Compressor
3e Oil cooler
3f Oil pressure relief valve
3g Non-return valve
3h Centrifugal filter
4 Engine block
4a Camshaft bearings

LUBRICATION SYSTEM
System

The oil pump is driven directly from the

crankshaft. The oil pump (2a) draws the
lubricating oil from the oil sump (1) and pumps it
to the oil module (3). The lubricating oil flows past
the thermostat (3a) and directly to the oil filter (3c)
or goes via the oil cooler (3e). From here the
lubricating oil goes to the main lubricating oil
channel (4b) in the cylinder block. From the main
lubricating oil channel, the lubricating oil is further
distributed to the various components requiring
lubrication.
A centrifugal filter (3h) may be included parallel to
the lubrication system.
A pressure limiting valve (2a) is installed in the
lubrication system after the pump. When the
pressure set for the pressure limiting valve has
been reached, the valve opens and any excess
lubricating oil is discharged to the sump.
The lubricating oil is cleaned in the oil filter (3c).
5
From the main lubricating oil channel (4b)
lubricating oil is supplied to the crankshaft main
bearings (4c) and via an oil channel in the
crankshaft to the big-end bearings.
Lubricating oil is led from the main lubricating oil
channel to the camshaft bearings (4a).
From the camshaft bearings, a lubricating oil
channel runs through the cylinder heads to the
rocker seat (5).
From the main lubricating oil channel, the
lubricating oil goes to the bored hub of the
compressor gear (10). From the bored hub, the
lubricating oil reaches the compressor gear.
From the compressor gear, the lubricating oil is
supplied to the other gears.
The pistons and the upper big-end bearings are
lubricated with oil nozzles (4.1-4.6) that are
connected to the main lubricating oil channel
(4b). In addition to its lubricating function, the
lubricating oil has an important cooling function.
A bore at the top of the connecting rod makes
sure that the lubricating oil sprayed against the
piston head by the lubricating oil nozzles can
reach the upper big-end bearing.
A lubricating oil channel running from the main
lubricating oil channel is connected to the
lubricating oil pipes leading to the VTG (6).
The lubricating oil discharge pipes from the VTG
are connected to a channel in the cylinder block,
from where the oil returns to the sump.

LUBRICATION SYSTEM
System

A lubricating oil channel running from the main

lubricating oil channel is connected to the
common rail pump units (7); the oil that flows
through this channel is used to lubricate the pump
unit tappets. The return oil of the tappets flows via
the camshaft in the block back to the oil sump.
A PTO (8) may be included to the lubrication
system. From the main lubricating oil channel, the
lubricating oil goes to the bored hub of the PTO
gear (8). From the bored hub, the lubricating oil
reaches the PTO gear. From the PTO gear, the
lubricating oil is supplied to the other gears.
The oil pressure regulating valve (2c) regulates
the pressure in the oil circuit of the engine.

LUBRICATION SYSTEM
Components

3. COMPONENTS
3.1 OIL PUMP

1 Suction side 1
2 Drive gear
3 Oil pressure regulating valve
4 Delivery side 2
5 Oil pressure relief valve

The lubricating oil pump is a gear pump. Inside

the pump there are two gears, each with eight
teeth, that are responsible for the supply of the oil
to the lubrication system.
The pump is located at the rear of the engine and 5
is driven by the crankshaft.

5
4

M202008

1 Channel through the oil pump housing 1 2 3 4 5

from the main oil channel to the other side
of the engine block
2 Delivery side
3 Drive gear
4 Oil pump gears (eight teeth)
5 Suction side

M202009

LUBRICATION SYSTEM
Components

3.2 OIL MODULE

3c B C 3h E 3e

5 3a
A

F1
F2
F3
F4
i402156-2
F1 Oil flow to oil filter 'cold'
F2 Oil flow to oil filter 'hot'
F2 Oil flow to centrifugal oil filter
F4 Cooling circuit

LUBRICATION SYSTEM
Components

A Oil flow to oil filter

B Oil flow from oil pump
C Oil flow to oil cooler
D Oil flow to centrifugal oil filter
B
The lubricating oil is pumped from the oil pump
into the oil module via opening (B). From here the
lubricating oil flows down towards the thermostat.
The thermostat (3a) will arrive at a particular
position due to the temperature of the lubricating
oil. If the lubricating oil is colder then the wax
inside the thermostat, the thermostat will shrink
and the thermostat sleeve will move downwards. C
If the thermostat sleeve moves downwards it will
open the opening (A) to the oil filter (3c) and it will A
close the opening (C) to the oil cooler (3e). If the
lubricating oil is warmer then the wax inside the
thermostat, the thermostat will expand and the
thermostat sleeve will move upwards. If the

5
thermostat sleeve moves upwards it will close the
opening (A) to the oil filter (3c) and will open the
opening (C) to the oil cooler (3e). As a result more D
and more 'hot' oil will be brought to the oil cooler
(3e). The lubricating oil which is led to the oil
cooler will be cooled down and brought from here i402097-2
via a channel in the oil module to the oil filter. The
lubricating oil that flows through the oil filter will be
cleaned and led to the main oil duct of the engine.
The centrifugal oil filter (3h) is an option. If
mounted, a small percentage of the lubricating oil
flows down through the thermostat housing (D) to
the centrifugal oil filter (3h). The lubricating oil
that is filtered here goes directly back to the oil
sump.
The coolant that cools the lubricating oil enters
the oil module via opening (E). From here the
coolant flows (F4) through the oil cooler and
leaves the oil module via the channel to the
coolant pump.

LUBRICATION SYSTEM
Components

The oil temperature sensor is fitted in the oil duct

to the oil cooler (3e). When the thermostat closes
there will be no oil flow to oil cooler (3e) and the
temperature sensor. For this reason there is a
small bore in the top-side of the thermostat. This
bore provides under all conditions a low oil flow
along the oil temperature sensor.

i402091-2

LUBRICATION SYSTEM
Components

3 d
U
f e T T a

Main oil duct Pump

c
b g

Sump

The drawing shows the schematic of

i402124
5
the oil module (3). What is the function
of the part 3d in the schematic?

.....................................................................................................................................................

LUBRICATION SYSTEM
Components

3.3 OIL FILTER

The lubricating oil is cleaned in the oil filter. A

pressure relief valve (C), fitted in the filter housing
(B), opens if the pressure in the oil filter becomes
too high as a result of fouling or cold lubricating
oil. The lubricating oil then passes through the oil D
filter cartridge (A) unfiltered. The lubricating oil
which leaves the oil filter via opening (F) goes C
directly to the main oil channel of the engine.
A

5
B

M201437

LUBRICATION SYSTEM
Components

If the cap (D) of the filter housing (B) is unscrewed

and lifted upwards a little, this results in a
connection (E) to the oil sump. Because of this
the lubricating oil in the oil filter flows to the oil D
sump.
C
A

5
B

i402099

LUBRICATION SYSTEM
Components

3.4 CENTRIFUGAL FILTER

A centrifugal filter (H) may be included parallel to

the lubrication system. In this case, some of the C H E
lubricating oil will flow via the thermostat to the
centrifugal filter. Under the centrifugal oil filter
element there is a spherical bearing (A) which
ensures that the element can turn easily when
lubricating oil comes from two nozzles against the
underside of the centrifugal filter housing.
Centrifugal force separates the dirt particles and
pollutants from the lubricating oil. The dirt
particles are thrown against the wall of the
element and are deposited there. The clean
lubricating oil then flows back to the oil sump.

G A

5 i402105-2

Under the spherical bearing (A) there is a non-

return valve (G). The valve has an opening
pressure of 2 bar. The valve does not open when
the idle oil pressure drops below 2 bar. The
centrifugal oil filter will not rotate when the valve
is closed and therefore the idle oil pressure will be
higher. This prevents unnecessary warning on
the DIP-5. In addition, this non-return valve
enshures that when the engine is turned off the
main oil channel and the centrifugal oil filter
cannot fully leak out. Because of this the
lubrication system of the engine will be at
pressure more quickly when starting up.

i402100-2

LUBRICATION SYSTEM
Components

The drawing shows the backside of the

oil module. What is the purpose of
1 B
opening 1 and 3?

3
i402095-2
.....................................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................................

LUBRICATION SYSTEM
Components

3.5 OIL NOZZLE

Each cylinder has an oil nozzle. The oil nozzles

receive the lubricating oil from the main oil duct in
the engine block. The oil nozzle continuously
sprays a large amount of lubricating oil towards
the steel piston head.

i402073-2

The piston head is fitted with a cooling channel.

The oil nozzle sprays oil into the cooling channel.
By means of the upward and downward
movement, the oil is forced through the entire
cooling channel in the piston head so that the
5 latter is cooled. The lubricating oil splashing
around and leaving the piston head lubricates the
upper big-end bearing and the cylinder wall.
When working on the engine, always handle the
oil nozzle with care. If the oil nozzle is bent just a
couple of degrees, there is the risk that the oil
nozzle is no longer directed towards the piston
cooling channel. As a result, the piston head is no
longer cooled optimally which can lead to serious
engine damage.

M201495-2

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