Identify the following pictures and describe

how it can be used for measurement.

Do the following and write your answers on
your notebook.

a. Measure the length and width of your

Math book using your thumb’s width and
the ruler
b. Measure the length of your classroom
using foot length and meter stick
c. Compare your measurement with those
of your classmate (at least 3) and write
your observations.
Based from the activity, answer the following
questions:
1. Did you experience difficulty when you
were doing the actual measuring?
2. What have you noticed on your results and
of your classmates?
3. Can you relate an experience in your
community where non – standard unit of
measurement was used?
4. At present, what are some of the standard
unit of measurement are used?
Show to the class the different primitive ways
of measurements
During ancient times, an Egyptian
carpenter never misplaces his ruler
because it was attached to his body
From then on, people began to
use different units of measure.

The inch we use at present came

from the thickness or width of a
thumb according to Romans.

A yard, as decreed by King Henry

I of England, was the distance
from tip of his nose to the end of
the middle finger of his
outstretched arm.
 What you need to
know
▪ First things first, you need
to understand the basics
▪ There are two systems
of measurement
▪ US/CustomarySystem which
we use here
▪ Then there is the metric system which
is used all over the world
Information
▪ All countries have adopted the metric
system, including the United States.
However, in nearly all countries people
still use traditional units.

▪ For a country to switch to metric is a

process that happens over time. Only 3
countries in the world, have not officially
adopted metric as their primary system
of measuring.
 Myanmar
(formly known
Liberia (Settled as Burma)
United States by free-men and
former enslaved
blacks after
America’s Civil war.

Three countries have not officially adopted the

International System of Units as their primary or sole
system of measurement: Liberia, Myanmar, and the
United States.
Partial list of English
measurements was released in
1500 CE
▪ 12 inches = 1 foot
▪ 3 feet = 1 yard
▪ 5 feet = 1 pace
▪ 125 paces = 1 furlong
▪ 8 furlongs = 1 mile
▪ 12 furlongs = 1 league
 Why Learn to Measure?

 Valuable skill for a job

 Valuable skill for hobbies

Valuable skill for everyday life

MEASUREMENT

We obtain an understanding

of our environment by
observing the physical world
through measurements.

Measurement is a
comparison of physical
quantity with a standard unit.
 MEASUREMENT
It is expressed with numbers and units.

Physical characteristics can be expressed in

terms of fundamental quantities.

Our comprehension of the physical world is

based on fundamental quantities.
 History
The earliest known uniform systems of
weights and measures seem all to
have been created at some time in
the 4th and 3rd millennia BC among
the ancient peoples of Egypt,
Mesopotamia and the Indus Valley,
and perhaps also Elam (in Iran) as
well.
One of the earliest tools that human
beings invented was the unit of
measurement. In olden times, people
needed measurement to determine how
long or wide things are; things they needed
to build their houses or make their clothes.
Later, units of measurement were used in
trade and commerce. In the 3rd century
BC Egypt, people used their body parts to
determine measurements of things; the
same body parts that you used to measure
the assigned things to you.
The forearm length, as described in
the table below, was called a
cubit. The handspan was
considered a half cubit while the
palm was considered 1/6 of a
cubit. Go ahead, check out how
many handspans your forearm
length is. The Egyptians came up
with these units to be more
accurate in measuring different
However, using these units of
measurement had a disadvantage. Not
everyone had the same forearm length.
Discrepancies arose when the people
started comparing their measurements to
one another because measurements of
the same thing differed, depending on
who was measuring it. Because of this,
these units of measurement are called
non-standard units of measurement which
later on evolved into what is now the inch,
foot and yard, basic units of length in the
English system of measurement.
 FUNDAMENTAL QUANTITIES
Four quantities have been identified and specified as
fundamental.

These are:
 Length
 Mass
 Time
 Electric charge

They form the basis for other quantities

necessary to describe and understand the
physical sciences.
 Length

 We use length to measure location or size.

 Length is defined as the measurement of space in

any direction.

Note: Space has three dimensions, each is measured

by length.
 Consider a box:
Length (l)
Width (w)
Height (h)
 Time

Time is the continuous forward flow

of events.

 Events allow us to precise time,

without events, we have no innate
awareness of time.
UNITS OF TIME
 Mass

Mass quantifies matter.

Mass refers to the amount of matter

an object contains.
 STANDARD UNITS
A standard unit is a fixed and
reproducible value for the purpose of
taking accurate measurements.

 A set of standard units is referred to as a

system of units.
 British System/ English
System
British System uses the familiar unit of:
Length: foot
Mass: Slug
Weight: pound
Time: Second
Electric Charge: Coulomb
Note: It is also called the Gravitational
System of Units.
 Metric System
Metric System is considered to be simpler
than the British System as the conversion is by a
factor of ten.
The standard units of:
 Length – meter, m
 Mass – kilogram, kg
 Time – seconds, s
 Electric Charge: Coulomb

They are called the International System of Units (SI

units).
 Systems of units

Metric System British System

Length – meter, m Length: foot
Mass: Slug
Mass – kilogram, kg
Time: Second
Time – seconds, s
Electric Charge:
Electric Charge - Coulomb
Coulomb
Weight: pound
 International System of Units
There are seven base units of the International
System of Units.
 Meter, m, measures length.
 Kilogram, kg, measures mass.
 Second, s, measures time.
 Ampere, A, measures electric current.
 Kelvin, K, measures temperature.
 Mole, mol, measures amount of substance.
 Candela, cd, measures luminous intensity.
METRIC SYSTEM/ INTERNATIONAL
SYSTEM
Prefix Kilo- Hecto- Deka- Deci- Centi- Milli-
symbol k h da d c m
Value 1 000 100 10 1/10 or 1/100 or 1/ 1 000
0.1 0.01 or
0.001
 Common relationships

1 kg = 2.2 lbs.
1 lb. = 453.6 g
1 inch = 2.54 cm
1.06 qt = 1 L
1.0 mile = 1.609 km
 Derived Quantities

Derived Quantities are formed by

combining two or more of the fundamental
quantities.
Examples:
Area = length x width
Volume = length x width x height
Speed = distance/time
Density = mass/volume
 Converting Quantities
1. Use a conversion factor, a ratio relating
one unit to another.

2. Choose the appropriate form of the

conversion factor(s) so that the unwanted
units cancel.

3. Check to see that the unit cancel and that

you obtain the desired unit.
 Converting Quantities

Desired quantity and units = given

quantity and units x conversion
factor
 Temperature
A measure of hotness or coldness of an
object .
Types of temperature scales:
 Fahrenheit: on this scale the normal freezing and boiling
points of water are taken to be 32F and 212F
respectively.
 Celsius: Boiling point is 100C and the freezing point is
0C
UNITS OF TEMPERATURE
0ºC 32ºF
 100ºC = 212ºF
0ºC = 32ºF

0ºC 100ºC 212ºF 32ºF

 Relationship Between oC
and oF
oF = 1.8 oC + 32

K = oC + 273

There is no direct relationship between K

and oF. Therefore, one must go through oC
in order to get temperature in K.
 Answer the ff. questions:

1.What is the difference of between

English system and Metric System?
2.Give at least 5 units used in English
system, metric system, units of time and
units of temperature.
3.What is importance of measurement?
4.Can you cite a situation that
measurement can be used?
Content, images, text,
etc. used belong to the
rightful owner. No
copyright infringement
intended