INTRODUCTION TO ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

WHAT IS ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE?

• Artificial Intelligence or AI is the new face of technological innovation responsible
for the new age all around us.
• It refers to the simulation of intelligent behaviour in computer.
• AI was first coined in 1956 by a cognitive scientist, John McCarthy.
• The main thought behind the project was to explore ways to make a machine that
could reason like human, was capable of problem solving and self-improvement.
• AI systems have been used across areas creating solutions for individuals and society.
• AI refers to the ability of machines to perform cognitive tasks like thinking,
perceiving, learning, problem solving and decision making. Initially conceived as a
technology that could mimic human intelligence, AI has evolved in ways that far
exceed its original conception.
• With incredible advances made in data collection, processing and computation power,
intelligent systems can now be deployed to take over a variety of tasks, enable
connectivity and enhance productivity.
• Artificial Intelligence is the Intelligence of machines, and it is the branch of Computer
Science that is concerned with the automation of intelligent behaviours.

Artificial Narrow Intelligence (ANI)

AI that is programmed to perform a single task extremely well.
Symbolic AI :
Symbolic AI requires programmers to meticulously define the rules that specify the behavior
of an intelligent system. Symbolic AI is suitable for applications where the environment is
predictable and the rules are clear-cut.
Machine Learning :
Machine learning, the other branch of narrow artificial intelligence, develops intelligent
systems through examples called datasets. A developer of a machine learning system creates
a model and then “trains” it by providing it with many examples.
Artificial General Intelligence (AGI)
Artificial general intelligence is also called strong AI or deep AI.
This is a concept of the machine with general intelligence that mimics human intelligence,
with the ability to think, understand, learn, and apply its intelligence to solve any problem as
humans do in any given situation.
Artificial Super Intelligence
(ASI) is the hypothetical AI, i.e. we have not been able to achieve it but we know what will
happen if we achieve it.
So basically it is the imaginary AI which not only interprets or understands human-behavior
and intelligence, but ASI is where machines will become self-aware/self-vigilant enough to
surpass the capacity of human intelligence and behavioral ability.

Applications of AI:
SELF DRIVING CARS
•Self – driving vehicles are the ones in which human drivers are never required to take
control to safely operate the vehicle. It is also known as autonomous or driverless
cars.
• They combine sensors and software to control, navigate and drive the vehicle.
HEALTHCARE
• AI supported apps are used by the pathologists for real-time detection of cancer.
• It also helps people with visual impairments to use the touch feature of the app to
explore the objects.
• AI systems are also capable to think based on logic-based and pattern matching
algorithms to beat humans in games like chess.
• Robotics has made a huge impact using technology where they can learn to perform
actions like humans.
• Assistive robots and drones have been used in search and rescue, bomb squads and
agriculture.
USES OF AI IN DAILY LIFE
• Music and media
• Smart Home devices
• Online services
• Smartphones
• Smart cars
• Social media feeds
• Video games
• Online Ads Network
• Navigation and travel
• Security and surveillance

AI DOMAINS
A machine is AI if it can apply the 3 domains of AI that are Data, Computer
Vision, and Natural Language Processing.

Data Science

Data Science is all about applying mathematical and statistical principles to data or In
simple words, Data Science is the study of data. This data can be of 3 types
– Audio, Visual and Textual.
Computer Vision

Computer Vision in simple words is identifying the symbols from the given object (pictures)
and learning the pattern and alert or predicting the future object using the camera.

The goal of computer vision is to understand the content of digital images.

Applications of Computer vision are Facial recognition, face filter, Google lens

NATURAL LANGUAGE PROCESSING (NLP)

• It is the technology used to aid computers to understand the human’s natural
language.
• Processing of the natural language is required when an intelligent machine needs to
perform some actions based on instructions given by you.
• Recent technologies such as Siri, Google Assistant, Alexa, AI based chatbots and so
on provide interactions using Natural Language Processing (NLP) in interpreting user
questions providing meaningful solutions.
• Applications of NLP include Speech Recognition, Sentimental Analysis, and Machine
translations.
GAMIFICATION
• It is the process of adding game-like components to a task to encourage user
participation.
• AI is used to generate responsive, adaptive, or intelligent behaviours primarily in
Non-Player Characters (NPCs) like human-like intelligence.
SMART CITIES AND SMART HOMES
SMART CITIES
• Smart cities are cities that have digital technology embedded across all city functions.
Objectives of Smart cities: -
• Provide basic infrastructure
• Quality of life
• Clean and sustainable environment
• Bringing in harmony and quality of work life
• Application of smart solutions
Components of Smart cities: -
• Smart governance
• Smart living
• Smart mobility
• Smart economy
• Smart environment
• Smart people
SMART HOMES
• Smart homes are digitized homes with smart devices powered by AI technology.
• All the smart devices will be interconnected using IoT.
PURPOSE OF AI (SUSTAINALBE DEVELOPMENT GOALS)
• Sustainability is the development that satisfies the needs of the present without
compromising the capacity of future generations, guaranteeing the balance between
economic growth, care for the environment and social well-being.
• Sustainable development includes the following:-
▪ Resource conservation
▪ Recycling and reuse of waste materials
▪ Bio-resources
▪ Planting more trees
▪ Green grassy patches
▪ Biodegradable materials.
▪ Use of technologies
Sustainable Development Goals (SDG)

POSSIBILITIES OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

• Education
• Healthcare
• Security
• Agriculture
• Service Industry
• Transportation
 • Entertainment
AI ETHICS
• Ethics is defined as the moral principles governing the behaviour or actions of an
individual or group.
• It includes the following components:
Inclusion, Bias and Privacy
• Inclusion is the ability to imagine and achieve a good life in every area that is
meaningful.
• Bias is a phenomenon that occurs when an algorithm produces results that are
discriminatory due to the errors made by the programmer.
• Privacy protections typically concern regulating access to a person or what is known
about him/her.
AI Ethical Objectives
• Responsible
• Reliable
• Equitable
• Traceable
• Governable

Ethical Concerns related to Implications of AI systems:

Privacy Concern:
Data is the lifeline of AI systems. Thus the security and privacy of data are the most
challenging factor related to AI systems.
Adoption Concern:
The human workforce will be affected by the adoption of AI systems. The adoption
concerns include Job loss and unemployment, Security and No Judgement.