SHIP CONSTRUCTION , SHIP SAFETY &

ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION

2nd Mate written notes

Question wise
By : Anupam Singh Rajput
: SMART MARINER(Please subscribe)
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Q NO 3
• SHIP CONSTRUCTION(SKETCH & LABEL)

Q NO 7
• SHIP CONSTRUCTION THEORY

Q NO 4
• MARPOL/BALLAST WATER
MANAGEMENT

Q NO 8
• MARITIME LEGISLATION(SOLAS/ISPS/ISM)

Q NO 9
• LEADERSHIP AND TEAM WORKING SKILLS

Q NO 5,6
• SHIP SAFETY/ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION
• PRECAUTIONS/CHECKLISTS
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Ques no 1: As per code of safe working practice, precaution need
to be taken for working overside or painting ship side/draft mark (5
times)

1. All equipment and ropes to be used for the job shall be thoroughly
inspected.( Stages, Ropes used for fixing staging, ropes used as
lifelines, Safety Harness, Work Vests, Lines used for securing tools
and the Ladder).
2. Proper PPE shall be donned at all times.
3. Adequate non-skid shoes to be worn.
4. Ensure area is clear of any slipping hazard.
5. Harness and lifeline to be used at all times.
6. Lifebuoy to be kept ready.
7. Rescue boat shall be ready for immediate deployment.
8. All concerned personnel to be informed.
9. Safety Line connected to the safety harness must have only
sufficient slack to allow for free movement of the personnel.
10. Weather / Vessels condition should be suitable for work.
11. Safety nets to be rigged were applicable.
12. Company-specific Working Aloft checklist to be complied with.
13. Follow safe practices as per COSWP.
14. Electrical connections shall be isolated prior to commencing work
on electrical components and EIC to be issued.
15. Display notices/ placards prohibiting the operation shall be placed
at all controls of Ships whistle, Radars, MH/HF device as
applicable.
16. Sufficient personnel to attend the person working aloft at all times.
17. Whilst lowering any objects, safety lines/ buckets to be used.
18. Prior lowering any objects, ensure that all personnel in space are
clear underneath.
19. If Painting is to be carried out within the jurisdiction of any port,
approval must first be sought from the port Authorities.

Ques no 2: As per code of safe working practice, precaution need

to be taken for working aloft (7 times) or funnel (5 times)

1. It must be ascertained that the work to be undertaken complies with the local port
regulations;

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 QUES NO 6. SAFE WORKING PRACTICE/ CHECKLISTS
2. A proper pre-meeting should be held before commencing the work and work permit
should be obtained for the duration of the work; all concerned personnel to be informed.
3. Personnel under training shall not be assigned aloft or over side related jobs;
4. Personnel who are carrying out the work should be physically fit;
5. The personnel should be clearly instructed of work scope, procedure and precautions to
be taken;
6. Personnel should be notified of working in vicinity of radar scanner, aerials and funnel &
whistle;
7. Rolling period and wind speed must be taken into consideration to find out if the work can
be carried out safely or not;
8. The power source to potential hazards such as ships whistle, radar, etc. should be
isolated from their power source and accidental activation prevented by the use of warning
signs and / or removal of fuses;
9. Traffic under the working site must be prohibited as far as possible by cordoning off to
prevent injury to passerby due to falling debris / accidental dropping of objects;
10. Equipment to be used by the personnel working aloft or over side should be securely
housed in tool belts / bags;
11. Tools / equipment that cannot be carried on a person should be hoisted to the place of
work in secure containers;
12. All anti-falling measures for tools must be taken into consideration;
13. Personnel carrying out the work must wear all appropriate clothing and should be
provided with adequate personal protective equipment;
14. Condition and strength of safety harnesses, lifelines, safety belts should be properly
checked;
15. Equipment to be used must be correctly and properly rigged and measures must be
taken to prevent damage by chafing;
16. Bosun chairs, stage boards, scaffoldings & ladders should be checked for good
condition;
17. Condition and strength of ropes and lifelines must also be checked;
18. If portable ladders are used, it must be checked if they have been set correctly at
suitable places;
19. Warning notices must be posted at proper places to avoid accident by use of such
equipment during working;
20. Watchman must be posted where working crew is insufficient to take appropriate
measures to prevent accidents;
21. Upon completion of the jobs, all equipment must be removed from the site and warning
notices / isolated systems restored to normal condition; and
22. Concerned personnel must be notified of completion of the job.

Ques no 3: As per code of safe working practice, precaution need to

be taken for entry into enclosed space (2 times)
The following are the points that need to be followed before entering an enclosed space:
1. Risk assessment to be carried out by a competent officer, as enclosed or confined space
entry is deficient in oxygen, making it a potential life hazard.

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QUES NO 6. SAFE WORKING PRACTICE/ CHECKLISTS

2. Risk assessment that needs to be carried out must include what work to be done, rescue
operation to be followed etc.

3. Potential hazards are to be identified such as presence of toxic gases.

4. A list of jobs to be done should be made for the ease of assessment for e.g. if welding is
to be carried out or some pipe replacement is to be done. This helps in carrying out the work
quickly and easily.

5. Opening and securing has to be done and precaution should be taken to check if the
opening of enclosed space is pressurized or not.

6. All fire hazard possibilities should be minimized if hot work is to be carried out. Emptying
the fuel tank or chemical tank nearby the hot work place can do this.

7. The confined space has to be well ventilated before entering.

8. The space has to be checked for oxygen content and other gas content with the help of
oxygen analyser and gas detector.

9. The oxygen content should read 20% by volume. Percentage less than that is not
acceptable and more time for ventilation should be given in such circumstances.

10. Enough lighting and illumination should be present in the enclosed space before
entering. As far as practicable lightings should be intrinsically safe.

11. A proper permit to work has to be filled out and checklist to be checked so as to prevent
any accident which can endanger life.

12. Permit to work is to be valid only for a certain time period. If time period expires, a new
permit is to be issued and checklist is to be filled out again.

13. Permit to work has to be checked and permitted by the master of the ship in order to
work in confined space.
14. Duty officer has to be informed before entering the enclosed space.

15. Proper signs and “Men at work” sign boards should be provided at required places so
that person should not start any equipment, machinery or operation in the confined space,
putting life of the people at risk.

16. The checklist has to be signed by the person involved in entry and also by a competent
officer.

17. One person must always be kept standby to communicate with the person inside the
space.

18. The person may also carry a lifeline with him inside the enclosed space.

19. The person should carry oxygen analyser with him inside and it should be on all the time
to monitor the oxygen content.

20. As soon as the level drops, the analyser should sound the alarm and the space should
be evacuated quickly without any delay.

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 QUES NO 6. SAFE WORKING PRACTICE/ CHECKLISTS
21. No source of ignition has to be taken inside unless the master or competent officer is
satisfied.

22. The number of persons entering should be constrained to the adequate number of
persons who are actually needed inside for work.

23. Rescue equipment is to be present outside the confined space. Rescue equipment
includes breathing air apparatus and spare charge bottles.

24. Means of hoisting an incapacitated person should be available.

25. After finishing the work, when the person is out of the enclosed space, the after work
checklist has to be filled.

26. The permit to work has to be closed after this and responsible officer notified of the
completion of the work

Ques no 4: As per code of safe working practice, precaution need to

be taken prior doing hot work on main deck of cargo ship (7 times)
Following procedure to be followed for carrying out hot work maintenance on ships:
1. Refer and follow "Hot Work Precautions Matrix" before starting the job;
2. A work planning meeting to be held and a formal or informal risk assessment to be carried
out of the work place;
3. A responsible officer, who is not directly involved in the hot work, must be designated to
ensure that the plan is followed;
4. The atmosphere of the hot work area should be tested and found to be less than 1% LEL;
5. Firefighting equipment must be arranged and kept ready for immediate use;
6. Fire detectors of the work place must be checked for proper working;
7. Measures should be taken to prevent scattering sparks, such as spark shelters;
8. Confirm that no other work such as repairing pipelines, that may cause leak of
combustible gas or oil, is being done in the same compartment;
9. Arrangements for placing required watchmen for monitoring hot work area and adjacent
areas should be made;
10. Provision must be made for sufficient ventilation and lighting;
11. Evacuation routes/passages must be properly designated/secured;
12. The condition of tools and equipment must be checked and found satisfactory;
13. Personnel involved in work must be provided with appropriate personal protective
equipment and danger indications, safety ropes etc. installed at work site as necessary;
14. Areas where fire is directly applied must be clearly marked;
15. All crew engaged in the hot work should be adequately trained and clearly instructed in
precautions to be observed when carrying out hot work;
16. Measures must be taken to prevent fire from coming in contact with gas, residual oil,
sludge and other dangerous and combustible materials;
17. Check there is no dangerous and combustible materials on the other side of the
bulkhead, deck head or division on which hot work is to be carried out;

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 QUES NO 6. SAFE WORKING PRACTICE/ CHECKLISTS
Ques no 5: As per code of safe working practice, precaution need to
be taken when welding repair is to be carried out (2 times)

Secure Gas Cylinders in Vertical Position: Compressed gas cylinders must be handled
with utmost care and always be secured in vertical position even if they are full or empty. Full
and empty cylinders to be segregated and marked clearly.

• Store in Right Spaces: Never store oxygen and acetylene cylinder together in one space
whenever possible. Keep them separately in well ventilated spaces. Ensure when not in use,
their caps should always be on them.

• Keep Grease and Oil Away: Control valves and fittings should be kept free of oil and
grease. Never operate cylinder valves and parts with oily and greasy hands.

• Ensure Flame Arresters Are Properly Fitted: Ensure non-return valves and flame
arresters are fitted in the acetylene and oxygen cylinder lines. One flame arresters is
normally fitted in the low pressure side of the regulator near cylinder and other near the
torch.

• Keep Pressure of Oxygen Higher: When performing gas welding, ensure the pressure of
oxygen is always higher than the acetylene to avoid acetylene going back to the oxygen line.

• Handle Acetylene With Care: Acetylene should not be used for welding at a pressure
exceeding 1 bar of atmosphere gauge as it is liable to explode, even in the absence of air,
when under excessive pressure.

• Rectify Cause of Backfire: In case of back fire, the first priority should be to close the
oxygen valve and then immediately close the acetylene valve. No operation is to be
performed until the cause of backfire is rectified.

• Handle Flashback Carefully: In case of flashback or explosion of the gas pipes, first
action must be to isolate the cylinder valves for both the cylinders. Further action to be taken
as per ship’s fire drill procedures.

• Ensure Proper Connections: The connections between the hose and blowpipe and
between hoses should be securely fixed with fittings to comply with Regulatory Standard.

• Keep a Steady Watch: A regular watch to be kept on the temperature of acetylene

cylinder. If the temperature is elevating, it is to be considered same as flashback or
explosion situation for taking action.

• Prevent Interchange of Hoses: Manifold hose connections including inlet and outlet
connections should be such that the hose cannot be interchanged between fuel gases and
oxygen manifolds and headers.

• Replace Old and Faulty Hoses: Any hose in which flashback has occurred must be
replaced with new one.

• Handle Hoses Properly: While performing the job, the hoses should be laid properly and
kept out of any moving machinery, sharp corners, high temperature areas etc. Ensure they
are not dangled, knitted or tipped over.

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 QUES NO 6. SAFE WORKING PRACTICE/ CHECKLISTS

Ques no 6: As per code of safe working practice, precaution need to

be taken during mooring/unmooring

Mentioned below are ten points that must be considered while handing mooring operation on
ships:
1. Don’t Allow Any Extra Crew Member on the Deck: Ensure that no extra personnel are
present at the mooring station except those who are involved in the operation. Anyone who
is not assisting in the mooring operation must be asked to leave the mooring station for
his/her and other’s safety.

2. Consider Weather Condition: Before planning the mooring operation, consider the
weather condition by taking factors such as wind and current. The ship’s master and
responsible officer must have the details of current and future weather data before
commencing the mooring operation.

3. Have knowledge of Snap Back Zone and Rope Bight: All personnel involved with the
mooring operation should be aware of the snap back zones and rope bight.

4. Check All the Mooring Equipment: Check all the equipment (mooring winch, drums,
windlass etc.) involved in the mooring operation for any kind of problem. Proper routine
maintenance is the key to ensure smooth running of mooring equipment and systems. Don’t
forget to check the load sensors of mooring winches.

5. Check the Tail of Mooring Line: If the mooring wire line is provided with tail (short
lengths of synthetic fibre rope which are placed in series with the vessel’s winch-mounted
wires to decrease mooring line stiffness and thus to reduce peak line loads and fatigue due
to vessel motions) ensure same size and material of tails are used for all lines in the same
service (breast, spring and headlines). Different tail size and material would lead to uneven
load in the mooring line.

6. Tend One Line at a Time: Only one line should be tended at a time during mooring
operation. If this is not done, it may increase the load in the other tended lines. If two lines
are tended together it may lead to overloading and breakage. Follow the orders of the
master or responsible ship officer properly to avoid any kind of mishap.

7. Keep a Check on the Mooring Line Load: Ensure that the allowable breaking load in
any of the mooring lines does not increase 55% of its Maximum Breaking Load (MBL). This
is to prevent the line from breaking.

8. Keep a Continuous Check: Load on the mooring lines must be checked continuously
even after the mooring operation is over. If there is any change in the ship’s ballast
condition, the lines must be slacked or tightened accordingly. The condition of the rope
material should also be checked to foresee unfortunate accidents.

9. Avoid Mixed Mooring: Mixed mooring is extremely dangerous. Generally, mooring lines
of the same size and material should be used for all leads, if this is not possible due to the
available equipment, all lines in the same service, i.e. breast lines, spring lines, headlines
and stern lines should be of the same size and material.

10. Arrange Mooring Lines Symmetrical: All mooring line must be arranged as
symmetrical as possible with the breast line. The breast line should be perpendicular to the
longitudinal centreline of the ship and the spring line should be parallel to the longitudinal
centre line.

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 QUES NO 6. SAFE WORKING PRACTICE/ CHECKLISTS

Ques no 7: As per code of safe working practice, precaution need to

be taken while at anchor station

1. Presence of crew members wearing proper personal protective

equipment (PPE) for assisting the anchor station

2. Confirming the anchor used for the operation (Port or Starboard)

3. The anchor lashings and bow stopper are removed prior commencing the
operations

4. When using hydraulic windlass, make sure the pumps are started prior
operation

5. Check the working of Windlass and its controls

6. If bow thrusters are likely to be used during anchoring, ensure that the
required ventilations are open

7. Anchor day signal (ball) is ready for hoisting after terminating the operation

8. Walkie-talkies radios to be checked

9. Ensure that ship sides are clear of obstructions

10. Keeping a track on how many shackles are lowered

Ques no 8: As per code of safe working practice, precaution need to

be taken while rigging pilot ladder

Here are few points to consider while rigging the pilot ladder:
1. The top portion or head of the pilot ladders should be secured at the strongest point of the
vessel.
2. Pilot ladder should be positioned and secured, so that it is clear of any discharges from
the ship, with parallel body length of the ship and as far as practicable within the half way
length (amidships) of the ship.
3. All steps of the pilot ladder should rest firmly against the ship side. In certain ships, where
constructional features such as fenders or rubbing band prevent the implementation of

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 QUES NO 6. SAFE WORKING PRACTICE/ CHECKLISTS
above safety features, special arrangements are to be made for safe embarkation and
disembarkation.
4. Two man ropes not less than 28 mm and made of manila rope or other material which
gives firm grip for climbing the ladder, should be rigged along the side of pilot ladder if
requested.
5. During night, the whole length of the pilot ladder, point access and egress should be well
illuminated. A life buoy with self-igniting light and a heaving line should be kept ready. Hand
hold stanchions and bulwark ladder are to be used if required.
6. If the point of access from sea level is more than 9 meters, a combination ladder should
be used. A combination ladder is a conjunction of pilot ladder and accommodation ladder
.This is a common arrangement found on vessels with high freeboard. The accommodation
ladder is rigged in such a way that it leads aft of the vessel and has a slope angle of not
more than 55 degrees.

Ques no 9: As per code of safe working practice, precaution need to

be taken while rigging MOT ladder (2 times)

1. The MOT Ladder/gangway must be properly rigged and deployed.

2. It must be safe to use and adjusted as necessary to maintain safe access to the
vessel.
3. MOT Ladder/gangway adequately lit at all times, with a minimum of 20 lux at a
height of 1m.
4. A lifebuoy with self-activating light and buoyant line must be posted adjacent to
the MOT Ladder/gangway.
5. The MOT Ladder/gangway MUST NOT be used at an angle greater than 30°
above the horizontal plane unless it is specifically designed for operation at greater
angles, normally up to 50°.
6. Where necessary a bulwark ladder must be provided, safety fenced to a minimum
height of 1m.
7. Guard ropes must be kept taut at all times and stanchions must be rigidly secured.
8. The MOT Ladder/gangway must be kept clear of cargo operations and quayside
obstructions.
9. The MOT Ladder/gangway must be kept clear of any materials, substances or
obstructions likely to cause a person to slip or trip.
10. A safety net should be mounted where a person may fall from the MOT
Ladder/gangway, ship’s deck or quayside.
11. The aim of the safety net is to minimize the risk of injury arising from falling
between the ship and the quay or falling on to the quay or deck and as far as
reasonably practicable the whole length of the MOT Ladder/gangway should be
covered.
12. Safety nets should be securely rigged, with use being made of securing points on
the quayside where appropriate.

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 QUES NO 6. SAFE WORKING PRACTICE/ CHECKLISTS
Ques no 10: As per code of safe working practice, precaution need to
be taken while embarkation of pilot (4 times)

1. The access area shall be kept free and clear at all times and can
also be marked with permanent signs
2. The pilot ladder should be checked after it is rigged preliminary to
ensure it is properly secured to the ship by a crew member by
descending few steps. While doing so safety should not be
jeopardised. The crew member should always take care of their
own safety by wearing a life jacket and a lifeline if appropriate
3. The duty officer should closely monitor continuously and observe
the pilot all the time while he is on the ladder. He should always
remain in contact with the bridge via walkie talkie, report every
event and inform the bridge at once on the safe arrival of a pilot
onboard
4. A canvas bag or net and a rope should be kept ready at the
embarkation position to hoist aboard any baggage the pilot might
have with him
5. A pilot dedicated lifebuoy with water actuated automatic light and
lifeline should be readily available
6. If a retrieval line is being used, care should be taken that it does
not hinder the pilot nor obstruct the safe approach of the pilot
boat.
7. At night the access area should be well illuminated to facilitate safe
boarding and deboarding
8. A spare ladder should always be available onboard
9. Pilot ladders remain the most efficient way for pilots to board
vessels. The transfer of a pilot between the pilot boat and ship is a
significant risk that needs to be carefully managed
10. Periodic inspection of the boarding arrangement, especially the
pilot ladder should be an ongoing process and should be
inculcated into the planned maintenance system onboard ships
11. Each pilot ladder, accommodation ladder and its associated
equipment should be properly checked and stowed after every use.
12. Ropes should also be checked for any kind of deterioration.

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 QUES NO 6. SAFE WORKING PRACTICE/ CHECKLISTS
Ques no 11: As per code of safe working practice, precaution need to
be taken for changing navigational bulb in bad weather (3 times)

1. Prepare the work permit

2. Put the lock out tag and inform the officer who is on duty
3. Try to do the routine maintenance when the ship is in the port
4. Before climbing up the main mast, take the working aloft permit
5. Switch off the radars and take out the fuses
6. Disable the power supply of the nearby ship whistle
7. Switch off any other communication devices as the antennas, which are
usually located near the mast, generate radiations harmful for humans
8. While working on navigation lights at sea, check the wind flow meter for
wind speed and direction. If the wind is heavy avoid climbing on the
mast
9. Check for rolling and pitching of the ship. If it’s too much, don’t climb
the mast

Ques no 12: As per code of safe working practice, precaution need to

be taken for hadling and taking care of batteries on ships (2 times)

1. Compartments in which batteries are kept should be well ventilated to

prevent any buildup of dangerous and flammable toxic gases.

2. A conspicuous label stating “No Smoking/No Naked Lights” should be

displayed on the outside of the door leading into the compartment as well
as inside the compartment so that the personnel makes no mistakes

3. The compartment for the storage of batteries should be strictly

used for the purpose of storing batteries and nothing else. For example, other
pieces of lights and scraps such as NUC or RAM lights must not be lying
around

4. The light bulbs in the compartment must be protected by gas tight

enclosures and all the wiring leading into the lights must be well insulated
and not a messy bunch

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 QUES NO 6. SAFE WORKING PRACTICE/ CHECKLISTS
5. All battery connections must be clean and neat and tight

6. Batteries must be securely stowed in their position

7. Metal tools must be squared up and not left lying on top of the batteries
as they may lead to short circuits

8. Because the presence of metals in contact with batteries might lead to

a mishap, rings should not be worn by personnel when working with batteries
as they may cause burns

9. Whenever the batteries are moved, especially really big ones, they should
be carried horizontally. In case of really heavy battery, sufficient personnel
must be assigned for the carriage of the same. The liquid solution within the
batteries might cause corrosive injuries and even damage the clothing, hence
utmost care while handling them is important

10. The battery compartment must be kept locked to prevent inadvertent

use and the key safely placed in a box outside

Ques no 13: As per code of safe working practice, precaution need to

be taken for purging & gas freeing on oil tanker (3 times)

1. Ensure Proper Maintenance of Inert Gas Safety Devices is Carried Out

2. Ensure Adequate Oxygen Level
3. Ensure There are no Combustible Gases
An important point to note is that the inert gas does not affect the
toxicity of hydrocarbon gases and thus the latter can be extremely
dangerous (as it is flammable).
4. Remove Toxic Components of Flue Gases
An approved combustible gas indicator should be used to measure the
presence of flue gases in the tank. Flue gases contain sulphur dioxide,
carbon monoxide and nitrogen which need to be properly measured
during the gas freeing process.
5. Check Tank Pressure

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 QUES NO 6. SAFE WORKING PRACTICE/ CHECKLISTS
Check the tanker pressure before opening any tank lids, ullage plugs or
tank washing openings. Inerted cargo tank pressure must be adequately
reduced before opening any tank.

6. Prevent Air From Entering the System

In the event of an inert gas system failing to deliver the required quality
and quantity of inert gas, or is not able to maintain a positive pressure in
the cargo tanks, action must be taken immediately to prevent air from
being drawn into the tanks.

7. Take Measures to Prevent Electrostatic Ignition

The presence of hydrocarbons in the tanks can be dangerous. If the tank
atmosphere contains flue gas, which has small particulate matter
containing a small electrostatic charge, there is a possibility of an
electrostatic ignition when the oxygen content of the tank rises due to
the ingress of air.

8. Ensure Proper Functioning of Blowers

Generally on oil tankers, blowers are used for gas freeing and hence an
air inlet (suction from the atmosphere) at the suction side of the blower
with blanking arrangement must be provided.

Ques no 14(a): Precaution need to be taken while bunkering (6 times)

1. Responsibilities of each officer are explained

2. Sounding is taken before bunkering and record is made
3. A checklist is to be filled so that nothing is missed
4. All deck scuppers and save all trays are plugged
5. An overflow tank is provided in the engine room which is connected to
the bunker tank and bunker line. Ensure the overflow tank is kept empty
to transfer excess fuel from the bunker tanks
6. Adequate lighting at the bunker and sounding position are to be
provided
7. No smoking notice should be positioned near the bunkering station

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QUES NO 6. SAFE WORKING PRACTICE/ CHECKLISTS
8. Onboard communication, signs, and signals to stop the operation
between the people involved in bunkering are to be understood by all
the crew involved in the operation.
9. Red flag/light is presented on the masthead
10. Opposite side bunker manifold valves are closed and appropriately
blanked
11. All equipment in SOPEP(shipboard oil pollution emergency plan)
locker are checked and kept near the bunkering station
12. The pumping rate of the bunker fuel is agreed with the bunker barge/
bunker truck
13. The hose is then connected to the manifold. The condition of the hose
must be checked properly by the ship staff and if it is not satisfactory,
same to be notified to the chief engineer
14. Most of the bunker supplier send there crew to connect the bunker oil
pipeline coming from bunker ship/ barge. The ship staff must recheck
the flange connection to eliminate the doubt of any leakage
15. Once the connection is made, the chief engineer will ensure all the line
valves which will lead the bunker fuel to the selected bunker tanks are
open, keeping the main manifold valve shut
16. Proper communication between the barge and the ship is to be
established
17. Sign and signals are to be followed as discussed in case of
communication during an emergency
18. Most bunkering facilities (ship/ barge/ terminal/ truck etc.) provide an
emergency stop switch which controls the bunkering supply pump.
Ensure to check its working before commencing the operation
19. Once all the checks are done, the manifold valve is open for bunkering
20. During the start of the bunker, the pumping rate is kept low
21. After confirming the oil is coming to the proper tank, the pumping rate
is increased as agreed before
22. During bunkering, sounding is taken regularly and the frequency of
sounding is more when the tank is near to full.
23. Once the bunker is finished, it is a general practice to air blow the
bunkering supply line for discharging all the oil trapped in the pipelines.
At this stage, ensure all sounding pipe caps are closed and keep a watch
on those storage tank vents which are at its maximum limit.
24. After everything is settled, the hose connection is removed

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QUES NO 6. SAFE WORKING PRACTICE/ CHECKLISTS
(14.b): Immediate action to be taken in case of oil spill while
bunkering (6 times)

Immediate actions on oil spill during bunkering will be as follows:

1. Sound the emergency alarm.

2. Initiate emergency shutdown, stop all transfer and bunkering operations, close all valves
and inform the barge or terminal.
3. Inform the master and initiate the emergency response procedures.
4. Inform the port or local state authority.
Follow up Actions on oil spill during bunkering:

1. Identify the source of spill or leak and initiate measures to stop or minimize the overflow.
2. Drain or transfer the oil from affected area of the pipeline into empty tanks taking into
account stress and stability of the vessel at all times.
3. If there is a possibility of release of flammable vapors or its entry to the accommodation,
engine room or cargo holds, ventilations to these areas must be shut off.
4. Clean up operations must be started using the equipment available onboard.
5. All spilled oil that is collected must be carefully stored onboard till it can safely be disposed
off.
6. No chemical or dispersant to be used if there is a possibility of them going into the water
unless prior permission has been obtained from the port authority.
7. Oil gone overboard should be contained so that it will not spread and oil dispersants to be
used after getting permission from local authorities.
8. After the spill has been completely brought under control, oil spilled overboard and onboard
ship has been removed and the cause of spill ascertained and corrective actions taken, the
vessel can resume bunkering operation.
9. The chances of recurrences must be completely eliminated before starting bunkering.
10. Before resuming bunkering, permission from port or local authorities must be taken.
11. All incidents and corresponding actions to be recorded as it is required for further litigation
purposes.

Ques 15: There is a fire in Engine Room. Describe the procedure to

fight it.

1. Raise the alarm

2. Inform the master
3. Reduce the vessel’s speed and engage manual steering
4. Display not under command light, weather report, open communication with other
vessels in the vicinity and send urgency signals
5. Close all ventilation, fire and water tight doors Muster all crew take a headcount
6. Emergency fire pump running
7. Isolate all electrical units
8. Commence boundary cooling
9. Fight fire by conventional means
10. Main fire party to be properly equipped & back up party ready at all times
11. C/O should not to enter as he monitor progress and communicate with the bridge
12. Proper communication between bridge and engine room
13. Keep bridge informed accordingly of sequence of events
14. At all time firefighters to be well-equipped with breathing apparatus and firemen suit
15. Check on apparatus must be carried out prior to entering a space

YouTube: SMART MARINER Prepared by Anupam Singh Rajput