additionalmathematicsadditionalmath

ematicsadditionalmathematicsadditio
nalmathematicsadditionalmathematic
sadditionalmathematicsadditionalmat
hematicsadditionalmathematicsadditi
onalmathematicsadditionalmathemati
csadditionalmathematicsadditionalma
thematicsadditionalmathematicsadditi
onalmathematicsadditionalmathemati
csadditionalmathematicsadditionalma
thematicsadditionalmathematicsadditi
onalmathematicsadditionalmathemati
csadditionalmathematicsadditionalma
thematicsadditionalmathematicsadditi
onalmathematicsadditionalmathemati
csadditionalmathematicsadditionalma
thematicsadditionalmathematicsadditi
onalmathematicsadditionalmathemati
csadditionalmathematicsadditionalma



CIRCULAR MEASURES


Name

........................................................................................


Circular Measures
[email protected]
2
CHAPTER 8 : CIRCULAR MEASURES

8.1 Radian

(a) Unit for angle
(i) Degree and minute [ 1
o
= 60]
(ii) Radian

(b) Radian - 1 radian ( 1 Rad.) is angle that subtended at the center of a circle by an equal in
length to the radius of the circle.











Angle of a whole turn =
Radius
circle a of nce Circumfere



=
r
r 2t
= rad 2t


(c) The relation between degree and radian.






8.1.1 Converting measurements in radians to degrees and vice versa.














Angle AOB = 1 rad
t rad = 180
o

1 rad =
t
o
180

1
o
= rad
180
t

t
o
180

o
180
t

Radian Degrees
1 rad =
t
o
180
= __________
1
o
= rad
180
t
= _________

A
B
O
r
r
r
Circular Measures
[email protected]
3
Exercise 1:
1. Convert each of the following angles in degrees to radians (in terms of t )
(a) Example:
30
o
=
30
180 6
t
t

(b) 45
o
=

4
t
(
(


(c) 60
o
=

3
t
(
(


(d) 75
o
=

5
12
t
(
(


(e) 90
o
=

2
t
(
(


(f) 270
o
=

3
2
t
(
(



2. Convert each of the following angles in degrees to radians
(a) Example:
15
o
=
15
3.142 0.2618
180

(b) 25
o
=

[0.4364]
(c) 75
o
12 =

[1.3123]
(d) 65
o
15=

[1.1390]
(e) 150
o
=

[2.6183]
(f) 115
o
=

[2.0074]
(g) 26
o
=

[0.4538]
(h) 8.5
o
=

[0.1484]
(i) 325
o
=

[5.6731]
(j) 95
o
20 =

[1.6641]
(k) 65
o
32=

[1.1440]
(l) 315
o
=

[0.5570]

3. Convert each of the following angles to degrees.
(a) Example:
rad
6
t
= 180 30
6
t
=
(b) rad
3
2
t =
[120]
(c) rad
4
3
t =
[135]
(d) rad
4
7
t =
[315]
(e) rad
6
7
t =
[210]
(f) rad
4
2
t =
[90]
(g) 0.6 rad =


[34.37]
(h) 4.32 rad =


[247.59]
(i) 5.12 rad =


[293.32]

Circular Measures
[email protected]
4
8.2 Arc Length of a Circle



arc length, u r s = , u = radian







Exercise 1:
1. In the following circle, calculate length of arc, s.

B
A
0.9 rad
5cm
O

2. Calculate the length of arc S which subtends an angle of 20
o
at the center of a circle of radius
5 cm. (Give your answer correct to 2 decimal places.)







[1.75cm]
3. Calculate the length of the major arc PQ of the circle below. Give the answer correct to 3
decimal places.







[41.894cm]



S
O 20
O
5 cm

O
8 cm
60
o

P Q 8 cm

A
B
O
r
u
5(0.9)
4.5
s r
cm
u =
=
=

Circular Measures
[email protected]
5
4. Find the length of the minor arc, S which subtends an angle of 65
o
36 at the center of a circle
of radius 6 cm.


[6.871cm]
5. The radius of its circle is 4.2 cm and the angle that subtends of the minor arc is 1.4rad. Find
the length of the major arc AB.








[20.513cm]
6. The length of the minor arc of the circle which radius 12 cm is 20.4 cm. Calculate the angle
that subtends at the center.(Give the answer in degrees and minutes)








[9723]











S
6 cm
O
65
o
36

B
A
O 1.4 rad

20.4 cm
12 cm
O
u
Circular Measures
[email protected]
6
Exercise 2:
1. Given that the length of arc, S of the circle is 6 cm. Find its radius.






[11.458cm]
2. Calculate the radius of the circle below if the length of arc AB is 14 cm.








[5cm]

3. Given that the length of major arc PQ is 31.5 cm. Find the angle,u below.








[102.2]

4. Given that the length of the minor arc of the circle which subtends an angle 45
o
at the center is
15 cm. Find its radius. Give the answer correct to 1 decimal place.








[19.1cm]


S
r
r
O
30
o


45
o

15 cm
O

O
A
B
2.8 rad

31.5 cm
7 cm
P
Q
u
Circular Measures
[email protected]
7

8.2.1 Finding the perimeter of segment of a circle.

1 Find the perimeter of the shaded segment in each of the following diagram.

Example
5cm
2.1rad
B
O
A
O
x
M B A
7cm
51.56















(a)
7cm
1.8rad
B
O
A
O
B
A

(b)
10cm
2.2rad
B
O
A

O
B
A














(c)
5cm
115
B
O
A

O
B
A



5(2.1) 10.5
sin 60.15
5
5sin 60.15 4.3367
2 2(4.3367) 8.6734
8.6734 10.5
23.566
s r cm
x
x cm
AB x cm
Perimeter
cm
u = = =
=
= =
= = =
= +
=

[23.566cm]
[39.82cm]
[18.434cm]
Circular Measures
[email protected]
8
8.3 Area of Sector of A Circle
8.3.1 Determining area of a sector, radius and angle subtended at the center of a circle.









Note :
1 PQR is a minor arc and PSR is a major arc.
2 The shaded part is a sector minor and the left part is a sector major.

Exercise 1 :

1 Calculate the area of the shaded sector of each of the following diagram.

Example:
O
4cm
1.2 rad

(a)
B
A
O
6cm
2.2 rad

[39.6cm
2
]

(b)
4.8rad
10cm
O


[240cm
2
]
(c)
1.5trad
9cm O

[190.88cm
2
]
(d)
B
A
O
6cm
135

[42.426cm
2
]
(e)
200
10cm
O
\

[174.55cm
2
]

u
2
2
1
r A =
A = Area of a sector
r = radius
u = angle in radian

P
R
O
r
r
u
Q
2
2
2
1
2
1
(4) (1.2)
2
9.6
A r
cm
u =
=
=

Circular Measures
[email protected]
9
Exercise 2 :
1. Solve each of the following problems:
Example:



(a)








[5cm]

(b)




[11.31cm]
(c)





[2.967rad]
(d)





[4.375rad]
(e)







[1.75rad]
_ B
_ A
r O
A
B
O
A
B
O
_ B
_ A
O
u
A
B
O
u
B
O
Given the area and
the angle of the
shaded region OAB
is 100cm
2
and
3.5 rad respectively.
Find r.
Given the area and
the angle of the
shaded region
OAB is 25cm
2
and
2 rad respectively.
Find OA.
Given the area and
the angle of the
shaded region
OAB is 160cm
2

and 2.5 rad
respectively.
Find OB.
Given the area of
the shaded region
OAB is 72.7cm
2

and OA=7cm.
Find the angle u .
Given the area of
the shaded region
is 140cm
2
and
OB = 8 cm.
Find the angle u .
Given the area of
the shaded region
is 31.5 cm
2
and
OA = 6cm .
Find the angle u .
A
2
2
1
(3.5) 100
2
100(2)
57.1429
3.5
57.1429 7.56
r
r
r cm
=
= =
= =

Circular Measures
[email protected]
10
8.3.2 Area of a segment

Area of segment =Area of AOB Area of triangle AOB

= u u sin
2
1

2
1
2 2
r r
=





Exercise 1:
1 Calculate the area of the segment of each of the following.
Example:

B
A
6cm
45 O




(a)
B
A
4cm

t
3
rad
O




[1.448cm
2
]
(b)

B
A
8cm

t
2
rad
O


[18.272cm
2
]
(c)
B
A
10cm
2.4rad
O


[86.21cm
2
]
(d)
B A
9cm
80
O




[16.65cm
2
]

(e)
B
A
8cm
130
O



[48.09cm
2
]
Area of segment = ) sin (
2
1
2
u u r

A
r
2
2
45
45 0.7855
180

1
(6) (0.7855 sin 45 )
2
1.411
Area of segment
cm
t

=
=

Circular Measures
[email protected]
11
Past Year Questions:

1 SPM 2003(P1)

Diagram shows a sector ROS with center O.




The length of the arc RS is 7.24 cm and the perimeter of the sector ROS is 25 cm. Find the
value of u , in rad. [ 3 marks ]

2 SPM 2004 (P1)

Diagram shows a circle with center O.










Given that the length of the major arc AB is 45.51 cm, find the length, in cm, of the
radius.(Use t = 3.142 ) [ 3 marks ]


3 SPM 2005 (P1)

Diagram shows a circle with center O.










The length of the minor arc AB is 16 cm and the angle of the major sector AOB is 290
o
.
Using t = 3.142 , find

(a) the value of u , in radians
(Give your answer correct to four significant figures)
(b) the length, in cm, of the radius of the circle. [ 3 marks ]

R
S
S
O
R
u

A
B
O
0.354 rad

A
B
O
u
rad 8153 . 0 = u
(a) 1.222 rad
(b) r = 13.09 cm

r= 7.675 cm