Scribd
Upload
23 views21 pages

Lecture - 9

1) The document discusses the calculation of slenderness ratio for tension members, which is defined as the ratio of the member's unsupported length (L) to its minimum radius of gyration (rmin). 2) It provides methods for determining the principal axes and calculating rmin for various steel sections, including built-up sections. 3) The AISC recommends a maximum slenderness ratio of 300 for tension members to prevent buckling during shipping, erection, and under wind or earthquake loads.

Uploaded by

Azeezan Alessa
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
23 views21 pages

Lecture - 9

1) The document discusses the calculation of slenderness ratio for tension members, which is defined as the ratio of the member's unsupported length (L) to its minimum radius of gyration (rmin). 2) It provides methods for determining the principal axes and calculating rmin for various steel sections, including built-up sections. 3) The AISC recommends a maximum slenderness ratio of 300 for tension members to prevent buckling during shipping, erection, and under wind or earthquake loads.

Uploaded by

Azeezan Alessa
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 21

Structural Steel Design CE 434

Tension Members
Lecture 10

Prof. Ghazi Abu-Farsakh


Eng. Mutaz AL-Dwairy

1
Tension Members 2

Slenderness-Ratio
In order to satisfy Limit-state of serviceability in a tension member, slenderness-ratio is used
for such purpose. Slenderness-ratio is a measure for buckling-strength of a compression
member. In a member, a compression force may be induced during handling, transporting, or
erecting a member.
Slenderness-ratio is defined as 𝐿/𝑟𝑚𝑖𝑛 ≤ 300

L: is the unsupported length of the member.


𝑟𝑚𝑖𝑛 : is the least radius-of-gyration about minor centroidal principal axis

Civil Engineering Department


Tension Members 3

Location and Direction of Principal axes by Inspection


• If a member is singly symmetric, one of the centroidal principal axes of the
cross section is the axis of symmetry; the other centroidal principal axis is
perpendicular to the axis of symmetry at the centroid.

X any Y are
Centroidal
principal axes

Civil Engineering Department


Tension Members 4

Location and Direction of Principal axes by Inspection


• If a member is doubly symmetric, the two principal axes are the axes of
symmetry.

Civil Engineering Department


Tension Members 5

𝑪𝒐𝒎𝒎𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒔 𝒐𝒏 𝑹𝒐𝒍𝒍𝒆𝒅 𝑺𝒕𝒆𝒆𝒍 𝑺𝒆𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏𝒔


W, S, M sections
• Doubly Symmetric Section → the two principal axes are the axes of symmetry.

• 𝑥 is major principal axis


• 𝑦 is minor principal axis
• 𝑟𝑥 > ry
• 𝑟𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 𝑟𝑦
• The values of Ix , Iy , rx , and ry are provided by the AISC manual

Civil Engineering Department


Tension Members 6

𝑪𝒐𝒎𝒎𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒔 𝒐𝒏 𝑹𝒐𝒍𝒍𝒆𝒅 𝑺𝒕𝒆𝒆𝒍 𝑺𝒆𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏𝒔


Channel Sections

• 𝑥 is major principal axis


• 𝑦 is minor principal axis
• 𝐼𝑥 > Iy
• 𝑟𝑥 > ry
• 𝑟𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 𝑟𝑥
• The values of 𝐼𝑥 , Iy , rx , and ry are provided by the AISC manual

Civil Engineering Department


Tension Members 7

𝑪𝒐𝒎𝒎𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒔 𝒐𝒏 𝑹𝒐𝒍𝒍𝒆𝒅 𝑺𝒕𝒆𝒆𝒍 𝑺𝒆𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏𝒔


T-Sections

• Singly Symmetric Section


• Either 𝑥 or y is major principal axis depends on
the dimensions of the section.
• The values of Ix , Iy , rx , and ry are provided
by the AISC-manual

Civil Engineering Department


Tension Members 8

𝑪𝒐𝒎𝒎𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒔 𝒐𝒏 𝑹𝒐𝒍𝒍𝒆𝒅 𝑺𝒕𝒆𝒆𝒍 𝑺𝒆𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏𝒔


L-Sections

• Unsymmetrical Section.
• 𝑥 and y are not principal axis.
• The values of Ix , Iy , rx , and ry are provided
by the AISC-manual
• 𝑢 is major principal axis
• 𝑧 is minor principal axis

Civil Engineering Department


Tension Members 9

𝑪𝒐𝒎𝒎𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒔 𝒐𝒏 𝑹𝒐𝒍𝒍𝒆𝒅 𝑺𝒕𝒆𝒆𝒍 𝑺𝒆𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏𝒔


L-Sections

The values of r𝑧 and 𝛼 are provided


by the AISC manual.
To get I𝑧 , I𝑢 , r𝑢
I𝑧 = 𝑟𝑧2 𝐴
I𝑧 + I𝑢 = I𝑥 + I𝑦 → 𝑔𝑒𝑡 I𝑢

r𝑢 = 𝐼𝑢 /𝐴

Civil Engineering Department


Tension Members 10

Computation of Moment of Inertia


Built-up section
The moment of inertia of built-up section about any axis equal to the sum of the
moment of inertia of all the elements about that axis.

Civil Engineering Department


Tension Members 11

Example (1)
Compute 𝑟𝑚𝑖𝑛 about the centroidal principal axis for the following built-up section.

Civil Engineering Department


Tension Members 12

Solution (1):
Firstly, we should locate the centroidal principal axes for the overall section by
inspection method.
𝑟𝑚𝑖𝑛 = min 𝑟11 , 𝑟22

𝑟11 = 𝐼11 /𝐴

𝐼11 = 𝐼11 𝑆 − 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 + 2𝐼11 (Plate)

Civil Engineering Department


Tension Members 13

𝐼11 𝑆 − 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 = 485 𝑖𝑛4


𝐼11 plate = 𝐼𝑎𝑔 plate + 𝐴𝑑 2
𝑏ℎ3 7∗13 7
𝐼𝑐.𝑔. plate = = = 𝑖𝑛4
12 12 12

𝐴 = 7 ∗ 1 = 7 𝑖𝑛2 𝑑 = 8“
7
𝐼11 plate = +7 ∗ 82 = 448.6 𝑖𝑛4
12

𝐼11 = 485 + 2 ∗ 448.6


𝐼11 = 1382 𝑖𝑛4
𝐴 = 𝐴𝑆−𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 + 2𝐴𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑒 = 14.7 + 2 ∗ 7 = 28.7 𝑖𝑛2

𝑟11 = 𝐼11 /𝐴 = 1382/28.7 = 6.94 𝑖𝑛

Civil Engineering Department


Tension Members 14

𝑟22 = 𝐼22 /𝐴

𝐼22 = 𝐼22 𝑆 − 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 + 2𝐼22 (Plate)


𝐼22 𝑆 − 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 = 15.6 𝑖𝑛4

1∗73
𝐼22 plate = = 28.58 𝑖𝑛4
12

𝐼22 = 15.6 + 2 ∗ 28.58 = 72.77 𝑖𝑛4

𝑟22 = 𝐼22 /𝐴 = 72.77/28.7 = 2.536𝑖𝑛

𝑟𝑚𝑖𝑛 = min 6.94 , 2.536 = 2.536 𝑖𝑛

Civil Engineering Department


Tension Members 15

Example (2)
Compute 𝑟𝑚𝑖𝑛 about the centroidal principal axis for the following built-up section.

Civil Engineering Department


Tension Members 16

Solution (2):
Firstly, we should locate the centroidal principal axes for the overall section by
inspection method.

Since the axis 2-2 is a centroidal principal axis, this


C.G. means axis 2-2 passing through the centroid of the
overall section. In other words we can locate the axis
2-2 by locating the centroid of the overall section.

Civil Engineering Department


Tension Members 17

The centroid may be found by equating the moment of the area of the entire
built-up section a bout a given reference axis to the sum of the moments of all its
components area about the same axis
𝑀𝑎𝑎 𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑙𝑙 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 = 2𝑀𝑎𝑎 𝐶 − 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 + 𝑀𝑎𝑎 𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑒
𝑀𝑎𝑎 𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑙𝑙 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 = 𝐴𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑙𝑙 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑦ത

𝐴𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑙𝑙 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 = 2𝐴𝐶−𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 + 𝐴𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑒


3
𝐴𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑙𝑙 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 = 2 ∗ 14.7 + 12 ∗ = 38.4 𝑖𝑛2
4

𝑀𝑎𝑎 𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑙𝑙 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 = 38.4𝑦ത

Civil Engineering Department


Tension Members 18

𝑀𝑎𝑎 𝐶 − 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 = 𝐴𝐶−𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 ∗ distance from centroid C − section to the axis a − a


𝑀𝑎𝑎 𝐶 − 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 = 14.7 ∗ 8.25 = 121.275 𝑖𝑛3

𝑀𝑎𝑎 𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑒 = 𝐴𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑒 ∗ distance from centroid C − section to the axis a − a

3 3/4
𝑀𝑎𝑎 𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑒 = 12 ∗ = 3.375 𝑖𝑛3
4 2

𝑀𝑎𝑎 𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑙𝑙 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 = 2𝑀𝑎𝑎 𝐶 − 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 + 𝑀𝑎𝑎 𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑒


38.4𝑦ത = 2 ∗ 121.275 + 3.375
𝑦ത = 𝟔. 𝟒 𝐢𝐧

Civil Engineering Department


Tension Members 19

𝑟𝑚𝑖𝑛 = min 𝑟11 , 𝑟22

𝑟22 = 𝐼22 /𝐴 = 1236/𝐴

𝐼22 = 2𝐼22 𝐶 − 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 + 𝐼22 (Plate)

𝐼22 𝐶 − 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 = 𝐼0 𝐶 − 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 + 𝐴𝑑 2

𝐼0 𝐶 − 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 = 404 𝑖𝑛4

𝑑 = 8.25 − 𝑦ത = 8.25 − 6.4 = 1.85 𝑖𝑛

𝐼22 𝐶 − 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 = 404 + 14.7 ∗ 1.852 = 454.3 𝑖𝑛4

Civil Engineering Department


Tension Members 20

𝐼22 plate = 𝐼0 𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑒 + 𝐴𝑑2

𝑑 = 𝑦ത − 0.375 = 6.4 − 0.375 = 6.025 𝑖𝑛

12∗ 3/4 3 3 2
𝐼22 plate = + 12 ∗ ∗ 6.025 = 327.1 𝑖𝑛4
12 4

𝐼22 = 2 ∗ 454.3 + 327.1 = 1236 𝑖𝑛4

𝑟22 = 𝐼22 /𝐴 = 1236/34.8

Civil Engineering Department


Tension Members 21

Slenderness-Ratio for Tension Members According to AISC


Theoretically, the slenderness does not affect the design of tension members
since the tension members are not subject to buckling under normal loads but
stress reversal may occur during shipping and erection and perhaps due to wind
or earthquake loads.
the AISC suggests that a maximum value of slenderness ratio for tension
members is 300 be used.

𝐿
≤ 300
𝑟𝑚𝑖𝑛

Civil Engineering Department

You might also like