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Vector Group Test of Power Transformer - Electrical4U

The vector group of a power transformer must be tested at the factory to ensure proper parallel operation. Different winding configurations can produce secondary voltages with different phases, preventing parallel use. Vector group testing involves applying primary voltage and measuring secondary voltages to verify the transformer matches its specified vector group. This ensures transformers of the same group can operate in parallel without circulating currents from phase differences.

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106 views4 pages

Vector Group Test of Power Transformer - Electrical4U

The vector group of a power transformer must be tested at the factory to ensure proper parallel operation. Different winding configurations can produce secondary voltages with different phases, preventing parallel use. Vector group testing involves applying primary voltage and measuring secondary voltages to verify the transformer matches its specified vector group. This ensures transformers of the same group can operate in parallel without circulating currents from phase differences.

Uploaded by

Harsh Patel
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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8/6/23, 11:39 PM Vector Group Test of Power Transformer | Electrical4U

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Vector Group Test of Power Transformer


Last updated October 27, 2020 by Electrical4U

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8/6/23, 11:39 PM Vector Group Test of Power Transformer | Electrical4U

Vector Group Test of Transformer


The vector group of transformer is an essential property for successful parallel operation of transformers. Hence every
electrical power transformer must undergo through vector group test of transformer at factory site for ensuring the
customer specified vector group of transformer.
The phase sequence or the order in which the phases reach their maximum positive voltages, must be identical for two
paralleled transformers. Otherwise, during the cycle, each pair of phases will be short circuited.
The several secondary connections are available in respect of various primary three phase connection in a the three phase
transformer. So for same primary applied three phase voltage there may be different three phase secondary voltages
with various magnitudes and phases for different internal connection of the transformer.

Let’s have a discussion in detail by example for better understanding.


We know that, the primary and secondary coils on any one limb have induced emfs that are in time-phase. Let’s consider
two transformers of same number primary turns and the primary windings are connected in star. The secondary number
of turns per phase in both transformers are also same. But the first transformer has star connected secondary and other
transformer has delta connected secondary. If same voltages are applied in primary of both transformers, the secondary
induced emf in each phase will be in same time-phase with that of respective primary phase, as because the the primary
and secondary coils of same phase are wound on the same limb in the core of transformer. In first transformer, as the
secondary is star connected, the secondary line voltage is √3 times of induced voltage per secondary phase coil. But in
case of second transformer, where secondary is delta connected, the line voltage is equal to induced voltage per
secondary phase coil. If we go through the vector diagram of secondary line voltages of both transformer, we will easily
find that there will be a clear 30o angular difference between the line voltages of these transformers.

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Now, if we try to run these transformers in parallel then there will be a circulating current flows between the
transformers as because there is a phase angle difference between their secondary line voltages. This phase difference
can not be compensated. Thus two sets of connections giving secondary voltages with a phase displacement can not be
intended for parallel operation of transformers.
The following table gives the connections for which from the view point of phase sequence and angular divergences,
transformer can be operated parallel. According to their vector relation, all three phase transformers are divided into
different vector group of transformer. All electrical power transformers of a particular vector group can easily be
operated in parallel if they fulfill other condition for parallel operation of transformers.
x
GROUP Connection Connection

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8/6/23, 11:39 PM Vector Group Test of Power Transformer | Electrical4U

Yy0 Dd0

0
(0o)

Yd1 Dy1

1
( 30o)

Yy6 Dd6

6
( 180o)

11
Yd11 Dy11
( – 30o)

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8/6/23, 11:39 PM Vector Group Test of Power Transformer | Electrical4U

Procedure of Vector Group Test of Transformer

Let’s have a YNd11 transformer.

1. Connect neutral point of star connected winding with earth.


2. Join 1U of HV and 2W of LV together.
3. Apply 415 V, three phase supply to HV terminals.
4. Measure voltages between terminals 2U-1N, 2V-1N, 2W-1N, that means voltages between each LV terminal and
HV neutral.
5. Also measure voltages between terminals 2V-1V, 2W-1W and 2V-1W.

For YNd11 transformer, we will find,


2U-1N > 2V-1N > 2W-1N
2V-1W > 2V-1V or 2W-1W .
The vector group test of transformer for other group can also be done in similar way.

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