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7 Segment Display

The document describes the design and implementation of a 7-segment digital clock using an Arduino Uno microcontroller and 4-digit 7-segment display. It explains that digital clocks use electronic oscillators like a 60Hz AC power source or quartz crystal to keep time and display hours in a 24-hour or 12-hour format. The circuit diagram shows how the 4-digit 7-segment display is connected to the Arduino along with other components like resistors and buttons. The working principle of the 7-segment display and multiplexing the digits is also explained. The methodology, hardware used, and conclusions are described to have successfully created a 12-hour digital clock.

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Muhammad zohaib
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304 views

7 Segment Display

The document describes the design and implementation of a 7-segment digital clock using an Arduino Uno microcontroller and 4-digit 7-segment display. It explains that digital clocks use electronic oscillators like a 60Hz AC power source or quartz crystal to keep time and display hours in a 24-hour or 12-hour format. The circuit diagram shows how the 4-digit 7-segment display is connected to the Arduino along with other components like resistors and buttons. The working principle of the 7-segment display and multiplexing the digits is also explained. The methodology, hardware used, and conclusions are described to have successfully created a 12-hour digital clock.

Uploaded by

Muhammad zohaib
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Swedish College of Engineering & Technology, Rahim Yar Khan

Seven Segments Digital Clock

Submitted to: Dr Waqar

Submitted By: M. Zohaib Iftikhar

Roll No: 20-EE-05

Session: 2020-2024

Department of Electrical Engineering


ABSTRACT
Digital clocks are often associated with electronic drives, but the “digital” description refers only to
the display, not to the drive mechanism. (Both analogue and digital clocks can be driven either
mechanically or electronically, but “clockwork” mechanisms with digital displays are rare). To
represent the time, most digital clocks use a seven-segment LED, VFD, or LCD for each of four digits.
They generally also include other elements to indicate whether the time is AM or PM, whether or not
an alarm is set, and so on. Older digital clocks used numbers painted on wheels, or split-flap display.
High-end digital clocks use dot matrix displays and use animations for digit changes.

INTRODUCTION

A digital clock is a type of clock that displays the time digitally (i.e. in numerals or other symbols),
as opposed to an analogue clock. Digital clocks typically use the 50 or 60 hertz oscillation of AC power
or a 32,768 hertz crystal oscillator as in a quartz clock to keep time. Most digital clocks display the
hour of the day in 24 hour format; in the United States and a few other countries, a more commonly
used hour sequence option is 12 hour format[citation needed] (with some indication of AM or PM).
Emulations of analog-style faces often use an LCD screen, and these are also sometimes described as
“digital”.

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
Components

4 digit 7 segment display pin out


Jumper wires
Arduino Uno
Push Button
Breadboard
4 resistors (1 K Ohm)

4 digit 7 segment display pin out


A 4-digit 7-segment LED display has 12 pins. 8 of the pins are for the 8 LEDs on each of the 7 segment
displays, which include A-G and DP (decimal point). The potentiometer that is used can be of any
value.
Arduino Uno
The Arduino Uno is an open-source microcontroller board based on the Microchip ATmega328P
microcontroller and developed by Arduino.. The board is equipped with sets of digital and analog
input/output (I/O) pins that may be interfaced to various expansion boards (shields) and other circuits.
The board has 14 digital I/O pins (six capable of PWM output), 6 analog I/O pins, and is programmable
with the Arduino IDE (Integrated Development Environment), via a type B USB cable. It can be
powered by the USB cable or by an external 9-volt battery, though it accepts voltages between 7 and
20 volts. It is similar to the Arduino Nano and Leonardo. The hardware reference design is distributed
under a Creative Commons Attribution Share-Alike 2.5 license and is available on the Arduino
website. Layout and production files for some versions of the hardware are also available.

Working Principal:
A 7 – Segment LED display, as the name indicates, is an assembly of LED bars, where each bar can
be powered individually. Each LED bar is in the form of a hexagon and the overall arrangement will
be in the form of ‘8’.
The following figure shows a general representation of 7 – segment LED display with dedicated names
to each segment.
Each segment can be powered separately to display digits from 0 to 9. The following figure shows the
pattern of digits displayed by a 7 – segment LED display.
Numbers on 7 – Segment Display
As mentioned earlier, in a 7 – segment display, the LEDs can be arranged in common anode or common
cathode mode. The equivalent circuit of a 7 – segment display in common anode and common cathode
configuration is shown below.

As mentioned earlier, in a 7 – segment display, the LEDs can be arranged in common anode or common
cathode mode.

The equivalent circuit of a 7 – segment display in common anode and common cathode configuration
is shown below.

To determine whether the 7 – segment display is common anode or cathode, a small test circuit can be
built. The common terminal of the display is connected to a current limiting resistor. The resistor is
given positive voltage and any of the segments (A to G) is connected to ground. If the segment glows,
then it is common anode display. If the segment doesn’t glow, reverse the polarity of the supply and
then it glows. This is a common cathode display. It is important to determine whether the display is of
common anode or common cathode type as the code for Arduino (or any microcontroller) will depend
on it. In this project, we are using a 4 – digit 7 – segment LED display. We can use a compact 4 – digit
module or use four individual 7 – segment displays and multiplex them to make a 4 – digit display.
Respective segment pins (A to G and DP) of all the 7 – segment displays are connected with each
other.
Hence, only 8 pins will be sufficient to control all the eight segments of all four displays. These eight
pins are connected to eight pins of Arduino.

Methodology:

Digital clocks use electronic methods such as the 60 Hertz oscillator of ac power or a crystal oscillator.
The digital clock typically displays a numerical hour range of 0-23, or 1-12 (am or pm) using liquid
crystal displays or LED displays.

Hardware:
Conclusion

The Circuit was purely designed with the basic knowledge on sequential circuit designing and with
the components provided by the authority. The Clock is expected to operate normally with desired
accuracy. Thus, this is how our main system has been built up. More and more knowledge involving
the whole system has been Gained with time and through more research.
We have completed this project successfully and have successfully Made a 12 hour digital clock.

References:
1. “Seven Segment Displays”. Archived from the original on 2012-04-04.
2. Rogers, Warren O. (1910-02-01). “Power Plant Signaling System”. Power and the
Engineer. 32 (5): 204–206. Archived from the original on 2014-03-31. Retrieved 2016-10-
06.
3. Clark, E. H. (December 1929). “Evolution of the Call-Indicator System” (PDF). Bell
Laboratories Record. 8 (5): 171–173.
4. “IEE Apollo DA-2110 Numitron Tube (DA2110, RCA DR-2110) – Industrial Alchemy”.
5. “Wamco KW-105AL Alphanumeric Minitron Display – Industrial Alchemy”.

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