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Get Accuracy of Predictions in

Python with Sklearn

Measuring the performance of your model using the correct metric is a very
important step in the data science process. In this tutorial, we’ll look at how to
compute the accuracy of your predictions from scratch and with sklearn in
Python.

What is accuracy?
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Accuracy is one of the most common metrics used to judge the performance of
classification models. Accuracy tells us the fraction of labels correctly classified
by our model. For example, if out of 100 labels our model correctly classified 70,
we say that the model has an accuracy of 0.70

Accuracy score in Python from scratch

Let’s write a function in python to compute the accuracy of results given that we
have the true labels and the predicted labels from scratch.
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1. def compute_accuracy(y_true, y_pred):
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2. correct_predictions = 0
3. # iterate over each label and check
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for true, predicted in zip(y_true, y_pred):
5. if true == predicted:
6. correct_predictions += 1
7. # compute the accuracy
8. accuracy = correct_predictions/len(y_true)
9. return accuracy

The above function takes in values for the true labels and the predicted labels as
arguments and returns the accuracy score. Here, we count the total number of
correct predictions by iterating over each true and predicted label combination in
parallel and compute the accuracy by dividing the number of correct predictions
by the total labels.

Let’s try the above function on an example.

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1. # sample labels
2. y_true = [1, 0, 0, 1, 1]
3. y_pred = [1, 1, 1, 1, 1]
4. # get the accuracy
5. compute_accuracy(y_true, y_pred)

Output:

1. 0.6

We get 0.6 as the accuracy because three out of five predictions are correct.

Note that, the above function can be optimized by vectorizing the equality
computation using numpy arrays.

Accuracy using Sklearn’s accuracy_score()

You can also get the accuracy score in python using sklearn.metrics’
accuracy_score() function which takes in the true labels and the predicted labels
as arguments and returns the accuracy as a float value. sklearn.metrics comes
with a number of useful functions to compute common evaluation metrics. For
example, let’s compute the accuracy score on the same set of values as above
but this time with sklearn’s accuracy_score() function.

1. from sklearn.metrics import accuracy_score

2. accuracy_score(y_true, y_pred)

Output:
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1. 0.6
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You can see that we get an accuracy of 0.6, the same as what we got above using
the scratch function. It is recommended that you use the sklearn’s function
as it not only is optimized for performance but also comes with additional
parameters that might be helpful.

For more on the sklearn’s accuracy_score() function, refer to its documentation.

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With this, we come to the end of this tutorial. The code examples and results
presented in this tutorial have been implemented in a Jupyter Notebook with a
python (version 3.8.3) kernel having numpy version 0.23.1

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Author

Piyush Raj
Piyush is a data professional passionate about using data to understand
things better and make informed decisions. He has experience working as
a Data Scientist in the consulting domain and holds an engineering degree
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