TUMKUR UNIVERSITY

Third Semester B.Ed Degree Examination Oct: 2020

(CBCS Semester scheme)
Time : 3 Hr sub: EDUCATION Max Marks: 80
Paper: VALUE EDUCATION
SCHEME OF VALUATION
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Chandrakumar,R.
Asst.professor
Akshaya college of Education, Tumkur
PART A

1.Instrumental values

The values which are judged good for something ie personnel values- good for person, social values- good for
society, cultural values- good for life are called instrumental values.

The values are the tools which have particular utility character or help to achieve something good are called
instrumental values

2. The incidental approach

The incidental approach of value education implies imparting such education whenever an appropriate occasion
arises for the same.

An incident is an episode or experience in the life of an individual or group. It consists in identifying the wrong or
right actions of an individual or group, either pre-planned to occur or observed by accident, and reprimanding or
rewarding those concerned

3. Role of Community

Community development reflects and promotes a number of ideas. These include:

 Full citizenship
 Community led collective action
 Participative democracy
 Empowerment
 Problem focused learning
 Collaboration

4. Contemporary values

Scientific temper, Intellectual honesty, social service, protection of Environment

5 Value education

Value education is the education which develops individual physical, mental, emotional, social, and spiritual values
among children. It develops good qualities, habitts, attitudes, aptitudes etc.

The education which is bringing the awareness of the qualities and characters that increase the honour and value of
the life is called value education.

value education means "the process that gives young people an initiation into values, giving knowledge of
the rules needed to function in this mode of relating to other people,
6. Social value is a way of thinking about how scarce resources are allocated and used. It involves looking beyond
the price of each individual contract and looking at what the collective benefit to a community is when a public
body chooses to award a contract.

“Social Value is about maximizing the impact of public expenditure. It looks at what is created, and sometimes what
is forsaken, through a commissioning process. It is therefore also about what we value in the public realm. Social
value considers more than just the financial transaction.”

7 Value crisis

Value crisis is when the practice of members of the society starts deviating from the values we hold dear. When
there is a general acceptance of corrupt practices and unethical activities, then the society as a whole is in value
crisis. It creates a new normal of acceptance of dishonesty, lies and immoral behavior

Value crisis is the negative attitude or abnorm act against the standard values of the society, which affect the normal
life of the society.

8 Value and Nature of values:

Value means to prize, to esteem, to appraise and to estimate. It means the act of cherishing something, holding it
dear and also the act of passing judgment upon the nature. --- John Dewey

Values can be defined as broad preferences concerning appropriate courses of action or outcomes. As such, values
reflect a person's sense of right and wrong or what "ought" to be. "Equal rights for all", "Excellence deserves
admiration", and "People should be treated with respect and dignity" are representative of values. Values tend to
influence attitudes and behavior.

 Values are ideas, abstractions and conceptions of the desirable that are relevant to selective behavior
 Values are special kind of attitudes functioning as standard by which choices are evaluated.
 Values are normative standards by which human beings are influenced in their choices of action which they
perceive and accept.
 Values are desirable and states, which act as guide to human Endeavour, or the most general statements of
legitimize ends,.
 . Values are general principles to regulate our day-to-day behavior. They not only give direction to our
behavior but are also ideals and objectives in themselves
 They are the expression of the ultimate ends, goals or purposes of social action.
 Values are influences of our thoughts, feelings and action. They guide the right things.
 Values do not exists as objects in space, but are established by judgment by of qualities, events or actions.

9. Role of The family and religion

The family has a responsibility to pass on to the children many truths and values, and competencies to achieve their
station in life, whatever the society, whatever the culture or times. The eternal values of Truth, Right Conduct,
Peace, Love and Harmlessness (Non-Violence) are passed on first through the family

A family is the home of values like- kindness, sharing, cooperation, love, friendship, generosity, compassion,
responsibility and service. Thus, a family performs a very formative function in the society. It is only through the
institution of the family that the cultural heritage of the society is maintained.

 It creates homogeneous environment so as the learner may take up valuable lessons on ethics ,
behavior ,adjustment ,living together ,sympathy and service.
 it reflects simplicity , honesty, kindness, and fairness in their conduct, for development of positive habit,
attitude , inner capacity . Feeling and wish to live
 It provides maximum freedom for their full growth with experience and with facilitation of desired
suggestion and permission.
 It explains its freedom, traditions, rituals, mythological stories, consequences and contribution to the
modern order of society.
 It takes the valuable lesson for example, from Gandhi thoughts, ‘ do not hear ill, do not speak ill, do not see
ill of others’.
  It narrate the cultural –socio- economic life patterns and the values of the society members should continue
to give quality lesson taking from Upanishad, Vedas, Koran bible etc

10. Regionalism and Fanaticism

 It hampers the economic growth. Instability created by it erodes moreover the faith of investors.
 Continuation act provisions of the eroded issues and the capacity of the state and administration to tackle
with these issue.
 It created serious internal security challenges which can be exploited by forces inimical to India.
 It effects politics of the country, as regional demands becomes national demands, gives politicians
opportunity to play dirty politics and divert the attention from other important issues.
 It has many a times resulted into extra burden on exchequer in the form of grants, special packages etc.

1. Fanaticism is a belief or behavior involving uncritical zeal or with an obsessive enthusiasm.

2. Fanaticism as "redoubling your effort when you have forgotten your aim". The fanatic displays very strict
standards and little tolerance for contrary ideas or opinions.
3. Fanaticism as the pursuit or defense of something in an extreme and passionate way that goes beyond
normality. Religious fanaticism is defined by blind faith, the persecution of dissents and the absence of
reality.
4. The behavior of a fan with overwhelming enthusiasm for a given subject is differentiated from the behavior
of a fanatic by the fanatic's violation of prevailing social norms.

11. Role of teacher in promoting value education.

 Modeling the desirable attitudes and behavior like, patient listening, flexibility, being kind and caring,
acknowledging one's mistakes, respect for dignity of the child, being constantly aware of its impact on
students.
 Developing a set of rules and democratizing practices for classroom in consultation with the students and
displaying them like, wait for your turn to speck, listen to other carefully, expresses freely etc.
 Creating non threatening atmosphere in the classroom and maintaining positive communication and
relationships with students and colleagues.
 Be knowledgeable and appreciative of the cultural diversity, constitutional values and upholding
democratic structures and processes that stabilize peace within the country.
 sharing focuses of values education which students at opportune time.
 Developing a folder including news items, photographs, episodes from biographies/autobiographies,
relevant pictures, anecdotes, saying, humorous stories etc to be used as pedagogical tool for upholding the
related value concerns of the subject and topic.

12 Indirect approach

In this method, there is no particular syllabus, examination, method and separate guidelines for human rights
education. Here the teacher, teaches the regular lesson, while teaching he adopts temporarily the teaching of human
rights and duties of a citizen. While teaching the general subject the teacher discusses the related concepts by giving
examples, correlation, comparison etc. Here the teacher teaches the regular subjects and correlates with human
rights, duties of a citizen, democracy, secularism, socialism etc

a. Language: In language through conversation and discussion the teacher educator can enable students to embody
higher and noble ideas. Honesty, compassion, obedience, cheerfulness, acceptance, friendship.

b. Social Sciences: Through social science in general we can develop values like patriotism, tolerance, courtesy,
courage, heroism, sympathy, social justice, secularism, socialism, hard work and democracy etc.

c. Geography: Through geography we can develop values of conservation, preservation, adventure, concern for
environment, reverence of nature etc.

d. Economics: Through economics a teacher can lay emphasis on the value of thrift and saving, inter dependency,
exchange of ideas. which lead to the prosperity of a person.
e. Civics: Through civics we can develop values of cooperation, sense of mutual welfare, obedience of law, rights
and duties, leadership and citizenship qualities, concern for public work etc.

f. Science:. In Science, there is a wide scope of imparting values like Sensitivity, spirit of inquiry, observation,
stability, orderliness, open mindedness, self control, and accuracy

g. Mathematics: In mathematics there is a wide scope of imparting values like discipline, reasoning and thinking.
Decision making, simplicity, neatness, accuracy, precision, perseverance, truthfulness, rationality proper planning,
etc.

13 Importance of value education:

 Value Education helps in Promoting Social and Natural integration.

 It develops the ideals of great thinkers in the mind of of the pupils.
 It develops awareness about non-violence.
 It develops the moral conscious among the students.
 It develops spiritual, cultural, moral, social, and personnel values among children.
 It develops to adopt good virtues and deeds, in the daily life of the students
 It develops the individual who will have a broad background in humanistic and scientific knowledge.
 1It identifies values relevant to the content process/activities involved in the subject.
 It develops individual skills and talents for excellent services for self-actualization and for the common
welfare of others.
14 Importance of Culture value

Culture is the sum of learned beliefs, values, and customs that regulate the behavior of members of a particular
society. Beliefs and values are guides of behavior and customs are acceptable ways of behaving. A belief is an
opinion that reflects a person's particular knowledge and assessment of an issue

The beliefs, values, behavior and material objects that constitute a people's way of life; the sum of learned beliefs,
values, and customs that regulate the behavior of members of a particular society.

Material culture - People with similar income may create a subculture. The poor, the affluent, and the white-collar
middle class are examples of material subcultures.

Social institutions - Those who participate in a social institution may form a subculture. Examples include
participation in marriage, parenthood, a retirement community, or the army.

Belief systems - People with shared beliefs may create a subculture, such as a religious group or political party. For
example, traditional Amish do not use electricity and automobiles.

Aesthetics - Artistic people often form a subculture of their own associated with their common interests, such as art,
music, dance, drama, and folklore.

Language - People with similar dialects, accents, and vocabulary can form a subculture. Southerners and northerners
are two traditional categories in the US.

15 Incidental approach

For example, acts of courage, bravery, discipline, etc. can be highlighted on various occasions in the school such as
morning assembly or sports day. Games, sports, scouting, NCC, NSS, and mock parliament are good places for
practice of values. The progressive effect of these kinds of experiences leads to internalization of values among
students

By celebrating the birth centenaries of great personalities like M.K. Gandhi, Dr. B.R. Ambedkar, S. Radhakrishnan.
It is possible to develop the subject related concepts. Here some incidents taken into consideration, based on these
incidents, the teacher finds the concepts related background and correlates these celebrations with basic concepts
like Fraternity, Adult Franchise, Voting Power, Freedom of Talk etc.

16 Brainstorming
Brainstorming is a group creativity technique by which efforts are made to find a conclusion for a specific problem
by gathering a list of ideas spontaneously contributed by its members.

Brainstorming is a method of eliciting ideas without judgment or filtering. It is often used in the early stages of
futures workshops and in many other contexts. It involves encouraging wild and unconstrained suggestions and
listing ideas as they emerge.

 It is stimulating and provides a varied instructional approach. It generates enthusiasm and eagerness to join
in by its open invitation to participate and its rapid, free-wheeling approach.
 Is highly motivating.
 Increases "task focus."
 Promotes spontaneity and creativity.
 Is efficient and productive. Scores of ideas and suggestions or problems and obstacles can be listed in a few
 Is an intense experience that is strongly focused on a single topic for a limited period of time.
 It provides a very different and stimulating student interaction of time.
 It provides a very different and stimulating student interaction procedure--the kind of variety that most
groups enjoy immensely.

17 Intellectual honesty

Intellectual honesty is honesty in the acquisition, analysis, and transmission of ideas. A person is being
intellectually honest when he or she, knowing the truth, states that truth.

Intellectual honesty is an applied method of problem solving, characterized by an unbiased, honest attitude,
which can be demonstrated in a number of different ways:

Causes for dishonesty:

 corruption
 over population
 selfish politician
 unhealthy competition in trade
 mis -use of science and technology
 un ethical role of mass media
 lack of professionalism
 profiteering
 smuggling
 over ambition on property and power,
 capitalism

PART C

18. Human values

Human values are the virtues that guide us to take into account the human element when one interacts with other
human beings. They are the many positive dispositions that create bonds of humanity between people and thus have
value for all of us as human beings. They are our strong positive feelings for the human essence of the other.

Human Values are “things that have an intrinsic worth in usefulness or importance to the possessor,” or “principles,
standards, or qualities considered worthwhile or desirable.”

Human Values constitute an important aspect of self-concept and serve as guiding principles for an individual.

Human values are, for example:

A} Truth, Goodness, Beauty, --- Satyam,Shivam, Sundaram

B} Love, Peace, Non- violence---Prema, Shanti, Ahimsa

 C} sacrifice, knowledge -- Thyaga, lokasangraha

D} work, conscience—karma- Dharma

E} Brotherhood, friendship, empathy, compassion, . Openness, listening, welcoming, acceptance, recognition,

appreciation; Honesty, fairness, loyalty, sharing, solidarity; civility, respect, consideration; kindness, Forgiveness,
Helping, co-operation,

19.Sourses of value education and explain with examples

 Autobiographies and biographies

 Parables
 Stories.
 Vedas
 Poems
 Newspaper clippings

20 Educational institutions,

 Develop a more humanistic management approach.

 Improve human relations between teacher-student, teacher-teacher, student-student etc.
 Help develop good attitudes in the students and teachers, e.g. co-operation, mutual respect.
 Help healthy emotional development in students.
 Facilitate socialization through participation in interactive and co-operative learning activities.
 Improve students discipline and moral behavior.
 Develop the creativity both in students and teachers.

Mass media

 Power: Social status and prestige, control, or dominance over people and resources.
 Achievement: Personal success through demonstrating competence according to social standards.
 Universalism: Understanding, appreciation, tolerance, and protection for the welfare of all people and for
nature.
 Benevolence: Preservation and enhancement of the welfare of people with whom one is in frequent
personal contact.
 Self-direction: Independent thought and action-choosing, creating, and exploring.
 Stimulation: Excitement, novelty, and challenge in life.
 Hedonism: Pleasure and sensuous gratification for oneself.
 Tradition: Respect, commitment, and acceptance of the customs and ideas that traditional culture or religion
provide the self.

ICT

 ICT has removed the barrier among the people and creating the world with common culture
 ICT provides scope to share knowledge and skills talents with others.
 ICT provide platform to understand each other culture,
 ICT empowers the dynamicity and diplomacy in exchange of information
 ICT has provision for the continuous interaction between pupil- pupil, pupil-
 Teacher .and scholars - community
 ICT brings social harmony, cultural integrity etc
 ICT removes traditional and closed curriculum which is based on fixed on fixed content
21 Consequences of Gambling:

 Gambling addictions are often associated with mental health problems, including depression, mood
disorders and anti-social personality disorders.
 Experiencing physical and emotional abandonment.
 Increased rates of unemployment
 Bankruptcy
  Fraud and check forgery
 Forced home sales
 Increased alcohol and drug abuse
 Poor mental and physical health of the addict
 Children of gambling addicts are commonly left in home while their parent gambles. This causes the child
to miss out on the nurturing they should be receiving.
 Children of gambling addicts are often verbally, physically and mentally abused by the person with the
addiction.

Prevention and rehabilitation measures to eradicate evil practices

 Most of societies in the modern world enact their rules and regulations through a system of law and order.
Strong law and order system strives to achieve justice and minimize the social evils. Through effective law
enforcing agencies, including police, courts and prisons, an active law and order system makes utmost
effort that justice is served to the people.
 Since social evils are the outcome of the corrupt human nature, rather than the unjust and inappropriate
social system. Human beings are corrupt by their nature and tend to commit crimes and corruption as a part
of their nature. So society should meet the need and interests of people.
 Separate drinking from dancing and singing concert.
 Legally ban selling of drinks and tobacco product from public places
 Step up step cancelling the production of drinks and tobacco product
 Strictly ban on all kinds of betting and gambling acts.

 When you meet with opposition…endeavor to overcome it by argument any not by authority, for a victory
dependent upon authority is unreal and illusory.
 Do not use power to suppress opinions you think pernicious, for it you do the opinions will suppress you
 Strict legal laws and regulation
 provide all basic needs to all to meet their interest
 Equality, equal respect, social justice dignity of labour
 Awareness about the role of every one through education
 Scope on essence of righteous and work, importance of truth and love , morality of culture and education..
Need of peace and non violence

22 DIRECT METHOD

The direct approach refers to deliberate systematic instructions in values in specially provided period of school time
table. ... The values are explained and illustrated through stories of real life events, etc. Role playing activities may
also help in developing values.

The direct method of teaching, which is sometimes called the natural method, and is often (but not exclusively) used
in teaching the textual concepts. to promote values among learners.

Teaching concepts and vocabulary through pantomiming, real-life objects and other visual materials is called direct
method.

Explain the role of songs, stories role play and photo-language

........