COMPARATI

VEPOLI
CESYSTEM

By

Er
ickA.Gempesao
Cri
minol
ogi
st

Pol
ice=Thegov er
nmentaldepar
tmentchar
gedwitht
her egul
ati
onandcont roloftheaf
fai
rsofa
communit
y,nowchiefl
ythedepart
mentest
abl
ishedt
omaint
ainorder,enf
orcet
helaw,andpr
eventand
det
ectcr
ime.(Fr
enchword)

COMPARATI
VE=anest
imat
eofr
elat
ivel
i
kenessorunl
i
kenessoft
woobj
ect
sorev
ent

GLOBALIZATION
=packageoftransnati
onalfl
owofpeopl e,
pr oducti
on,i
nv estment
,infor
mat i
on,
ideasandauthor
it
y.
=growingint
erpenetr
ati
onofst at
es,markets,communi cationandideas.
=Thepr ocessofcr eat
ingtransnat
ionalmar kets,pol
i
tics,andlegalsy st
emsi naneffor
ttoform and
sust
ainaglobaleconomy .

EFFECTSOFGLOBALI ZATI
ONt oLawEnf orcement
=l aw enf
orcer
s are expected t
o be t he pr
otect
oroft he peopl
e…….
unaccount
ableflow of
migrat
ionandopenmar ket
spr esentnewt hreat
stostate-
basedhumanr i
ght
sregi
mes–gr eatchall
enge
tol
awenf orcement.

Threatst
oLawEnf orcement
 increasingv olumeofhumanr i
ght sviolati
onsasev idencebygenoci deandmasski lli
ng
 conf l
ictbet weennat ions
 Tr ansnational cr i
mi nal net
wor ksf ordrugt raffi
cking, moneyl aunder i
ng,ter
rorism
TYPESOFPOLI CESYSTEM
1.CommonLawSy stems=usual lyexi st
si nEngl i
shspeaki ngcount r
iesoft hewor ld
=t hereisst r
ongadv ersar i
alsy stem andr elyuponor alsy st
em ofev idenceinwhi cht hepubli
c
tr
iali
samai nfocalpoint
=al soknownas“ Angl o-Amer icanJustice”
2.Civi
lLaw Sy stems=di st i
ngui shedbyst r
ongi nqui si
torialsy stem wher el essr i
ghtisgr antedtothe
accusedandt hewr it
tenl awi st akenasgospel andsubj ectt ol
ittleinterpret
ation
=al soknownas“ Cont inent alJust i
ceorRomano- Ger mani cJust i
ce”
3.Social
istSystem =di stingui shedbypr ocedur esdesi gnedt or ehabilit
atetheof fender.
=knownasMar xist-LeninistJust iceandexi stinpl acessuchasAf ri
caandAsi a
4.Isl
amicSy stem =basedmor eont heconceptofnat ur
aljusticeorcust omar ylawort ri
baltradit
ions

THEORIESOFPOLI CESERVI CE
Conti
nental=isthetheor
yofpoliceserv
icewhichmaintai
nsthatpol
iceoff
icer
sar
eservant
sofhi
gher
aut
horit
ies.Thi
stheorypr
evail
sintheconti
nent
alcount
ri
eslikeFr
ance,I
tal
yandSpai
n.

Home Rule=t he t
heoryofpol i
ce servi
ce which stat
es thatpol i
ce off
icers are servants ofthe
communi t
yorthepeople.Thist
heoryprevai
lsinEnglandandUni tedStates.Itisalsothepoliceserv
ice
whichprevai
lsincountr
ywi thdecentr
ali
zedform ofgov ernment .Thisislikewisethepol iceserv
ice
theor
ythatshoul
dprevai
linthePhi
li
ppinesbasedontheexi st
inglaws,concept sandpri
nciples.

CONCEPTOFPOLI
CESERVI
CE
a.Ol
dpoliceser
vice=st
atest
hatt
hey
ardst
ickofpol
i
cepr
ofi
ciencyr
eli henumberof
esont
ar
restmade.
 
b.Modernpoliceser
vice=st
atest
hatt
hey
ardst
ickofpol
i
cepr
ofi
ciencyr
elesont
i he
absenceofcri
me.
 
Devi
anceCont
rol=isthemodernpol
i
cefunct
ionwhi
chpri
mari
lyinv
olv
est hemi
ssi or
ont ei
nfor
ce
communit
yval
uesandl
aws.Thi edbyGer
swasadopt many,
ChinaandJapan.

Ci
vilordercont
rol=isnotorgani
zati
onal
lyseparat
edfrom dev
iancecont
rolbuti
sper
for
medbyr
egul
ar
st
reetpoli
ceinthecount
ryofEnglandandUnitedStat
es.

EVOLUTI
ONOFPOLI
CINGSYSTEM
QuestRev
iewCent
er–Compar
ati
vePol
i
ceSy
stem 1
  Praetor
ianguards=mi li
tar
ybodieswhoser veasguar
diansofpeacei
nancientRomeinwhi
ch
theideaofpol
icingsai
dt ohaveori
ginat
ed
 Offi
cerdelaPaix=aFr enchter
m whichclai
medtobetheorigi
nofthet
erm Pol
iceOf
fi
cer

1.Angl
o-SaxonPer
iodofPol
ici
ngSy
stem (
Anci
entEngl
and)

A.TunPol icingSystem
Asy stem ofpolicingemer geddur ingtheAnglo-Saxonper i
odwherebyallmaleresidentswer e
requiredt oguar dthetown( tun)topreserv epeaceandpr ot
ecttheli
vesandpropert
iesofthepeople.
About700AD,t hepeopl elivi
ngi nEnglandinsmal lrur
altownsusedt heAnglo-
SaxonSy stem. 
Tenf amili
esi nat own( tun)equal edat i
thi
ng. Eachtithi
ngelectedaleaderwhowasknownast he
Tithingman.  Since10t ithingsamount edt o100,theleaderoft he100famil
ieswasnamedt hereeve.
 
Bot ht hetit
hingmanandr eev ewer eelectedoffi
ci s.Theypossessedj
al udici
alpoweraswel laspolice
author it
y.

B.HueandCr y
Avi
ll
agelawstar
tedinBri
tai
nwhichprovi
dedmethodsofapprehendi
ngacriminalbyanactof
thecompl
ai oshoutt
nantt ocal
lal
lmaler
esident
stoassembleandarr
estthesuspect
.

C.Tri
albyOr deal
Ajudici
alpracticewhereintheguil
tori nnocenceoftheaccusedisdeter
minedbysubj
ect
inghi
m
to an unpleasant
,usual l
y dangerous,exper i
ence.(In presentter
minologi
es,itwould mean an
employmentofa “ 3rd degr
ee.”
)Thewor d“ ordeal
”wasder i
vedfrom theMedievalLat
inword“Dei
Indi
cum”whi chmeans“ ami r
acul
ousdecision.”

2.NormanPeri
odofPolici
ngSy st
em
 
Thi
ssyst
em ofpol i
cingexist
edduri
ngt het
imeofNor manWil
li
am TheConqueror(Ki
ngof
France)
.Whenheinvadedandconquer edEngl
and,amil
it
aryregi
meofconquer
sanddi
ctator
sbegan
andchangedt
heconceptofcr i
mebeingcommit
tedagai
nstthest
ate.

A.Shir
e-Rieve
Shire-Ri
evewasapol i
cingsystem duri
ngtheNor manPer i
odwhenEngl andwasdi v
idedint
ofift
y-
fi
ve(55)mi li
taryar
eas,eachheadedbyar ulercall
edt heRieve(head-
manorl i
eutenantoft hearmy).
Thefi
fty-
five(55)mi l
i
tarydivi
sionsi
nEnglandar ecalledshi
res.Theshir
e-r
ievehadabsol utepowersthat
noonecoul dquestionshisorheractions.
Two“ Const
abuli
”or“ TheKeeperoft heHor se”wereappointedtoeachv i
l
lagetoai dtheRiev
ei n
hi
sduties.Itbecamet hesourceofthewor dConst able.
Thet erm“Shire-
Rieve”issai
dt obetheoriginofthewor Sher
d“ if
f.
”

B.Travell
ingJudgeorCircui
tJudge
Ajudgeselect
edtohearcaseswhichweref
ormer
lybeingjudgedbytheShir
e-Ri
eveandtasked
totravelthroughandhearcri
minalcases.Thi
swasthef
ir
stinstanceofthedi
vi
sionofthepoli
ceand
j
udicialpower s.

C.Legi
sHenr ici
Anactthatwasenactedduringthi
speriodwit
ht hefol
lowingfeatures:
 Offenseswer ecl
assif
iedasagainsttheki
ngandi ndi
vi
dual.
 Policemanbecomespubl icser
vant.
 Thepol i
ceandt heciti
zenshav ethebroadpowert oarrest.Itint
roducedt hesyst
em called
“ci
tizen’sarr
est.
”
 GrandJur ywascr eat
edtoinqui
reont hefactsofthelaw.Asy stem whichmadei nqui
sit
iononto
thef actsofacri
meandel i
minatethe“Anglo-
SaxonTrialor“Tri
albyOr dealSystem.
”

D.Fr
ankpl
edgeSystem
Asystem ofpoli
cingwherebyagroupoftenneighbor
ingmal
er esi
dent
sovertwelveyearsof
agewerer
equir
edtoguardthetowntopr
eservepeaceandprot
ectt
hel
ivesandproper
ti
esofthepeopl
e

3.WestminsterPer
iodofPolicingSystem
I
tiscall
edbythi
snamebecauset helawsgoverni
ngpol i ngcameoutoft
ci hecapi
talofEngl
and,
whichatthetimewasWest mi nster
.Thisper
iodhasthefollowingfeat
ures:
 Guar dswereappoi
ntedandt heduti
esoft heconstablesatnight(wat
ch)andi
nday t
ime(ward)
weredefi
ned
 StatuteofWestminsterof1285, acol
lect
ionofregulati
onsaimedatkeepi
ngthepeace.
QuestRev
iewCent
er–Compar
ati
vePol
i
ceSy
stem 2
B.Stat
uteof1295
Thel
awt hatmar
ksthebegi
nni
ngoft
hecur
fewhour
s,whi
chdemandedt
hecl
osi
ngoft
hegat
es
ofLondonduri
ngsundown.

C.Justi
ceofthePeace( About1361)
Threeorfourmenwhower elearnedinthelawofthelandwer egi
venauthor
it
ytopur
sue,arr
est
,
chast
iseandi mprisonmentviol
atorsofl aw.Theyhandledfeloni
es,misdemeanor
sandinf
ract
ionsof
ci
tyorvil
lageor
dinances.Thi
swasl ateraboli
shedabout75yearsafter
.

D.St
arChamberCour t(1487)
Aspeci
alcourtdesi
gnedtotryoff
endersagai
nstthest
ate.Theroom set
-upi
sformedi
nashape
ofastarandjudgeswer egivengr
eatpower ssuchasthepowert ofor
cetesti
monyfrom adef
endant
l
eadi
ngt oagreatabuseofpowerorbr ut
ali
tyonthepar
tofthejudges.

4.KeepersofthePeace
 
A pr
ocl
amation i
ssued by Ki
ng Richar
d ofEngl
and somet
ime i
n 1195 thatr
equir
ed t
he
appointmentofkni
ghtstokeept heKi speacebyst
ng’ andi
ngasguardsonbridgesandgateswhil
e
checkingthepeopl
eenteri
ngandleavi
ngtheciti
esandt
owns.

5.Ki
ngChar
lesI
IofEngland(1663)
Ki
ngCharl
esIIpassedanactwhichestabl
i
shedorpr
omot
edt
heempl
oymentofwat
chmenor
bel
lment
obeondutyfrom sunsett
osunr
ise.

6.MagnaCar taor"TheGr eatChar t

er"
Alawpr omulgatedbyKi ngJohnofEngl andupont hedemandoft heKnightsoft
heRoundTable
for
cingt
heKi ngtosignt hesamewi t
hthef ol
lowingfeatur
es:
 Nof reemanshal lbetaken, i
mprisoned,banishedorexil
edexceptbylegalj
udgmentofhi
speer
s.
 Noper sonshall
bet ri
edf ormurderunlessthereisproofoft
hebodyoft hevict
im.

LONDONPOLI CINGPRI ORTO1829

HenryFielding =appointedasMagistr
atein1748,int
roducedthefi
rstdet
ect
ivef
orce,knownasthe 
Bow
Str
eetRunner s
BowRunner s=agr oupofmenor gani
zedbyHenr yFiel
dingandnamedbyhisbrotherJohnFi
eldi
ngtask
tocatchthievesandr obber s
identif
iedbycar r
yinga Ti
pst
aff
 wit
hthe 
Roy alCr
own
=madeupofei ghtconst
ables whoalsoi nvest
igat
edcrimeshandedov ertothem byt he
vol
unteerconst abl
esandwat chmen

1798=Mar inePol i
ceForce wasest
abli
shed,salar
iedconst
ableswerebeingpaidbylocalmagistr
ates.
=i niti
all
ymadeupof220Const abl
esassi st
edby1, 000regi
stereddockwor ker
s,andwas
responsi
blef orprevent
ingthethef
tofcargo.=wi del
yregar
ded asbei
ngthef i
rstmodernpol i
ceforcein
thewor l
d,inthesenset hattheywerenotgovernmentcontr
oll
edandwer eresponsi
bleforthepreventi
on
ofcrime.

LONDON1829
Si
rRober
tPeel
 =appoi
ntedas 
HomeSecr
etar
y i
n1822

METROPOLI TANPOLI CE=organizedin1829bySirRobertPeel

(Metropol
it
anPoli
ceActof1829)
=thelargestoft
hepoli
ceser vi
cesthatoper
ateingreat
erLondon(theot
hersi
ncl
udetheCit
yof
LondonPoli
ceandt heBri
ti
shTransportPol
ice)
=f
inestpoli
cefor
cearoundt heworl
d.

TOTALPOLI
CING=mot
toofLondonMet
ropol
i
tanPol
i
ce

I
MPORTANTDATES
 1833=Col dbat
hFi el
dsRi ot(GraysInnRoad).Amaj orcrowddisturbancedealtwithbyt he
Met r
opoli
tanPolicewit
hcont r
oversi
aluseofforce.
 1836=TheMet ropol
it
anPol ceabsor
i btheBowSt reetHorsePatr
olintoit
scontrol
.
 1838=i ncorpor
atesMar i
nePoliceandBowSt reetRunnersintotheMet ropol
i
tanPol
iceandt he
disbandmentoftheBowSt reetOffi
ceandotherOffi
ces.Thesewereallagreedandputintoef
fect.

Admi
nist
rat
ionPol
ici
ngPr
inci
plesofLondonMet
ropol
it
anPol
ice
QuestRev
iewCent
er–Compar
ati
vePol
i
ceSy
stem 3
1.St
ableandeff
ecti
veci
vil
poli
ceundergov
ernmentcontrol
2.Absenceofcri
meisthebestpr
oofofeff
ici
ency
3.Fastdi
str
ibut
ionofcr
imenewstothepoli
ceisessent
ial.

 Commissioner=hi
ghestr
ankintheMet
ropol
i
tanPol
i
ce
 Pol
iceConstabl
e=lowestrank

Contr
ibut
ionsoftheFr enchinPol
ici
ng
 Assigninghousenumber s
 Instal
l
ingstreetli
ghts
 Useofpol i
ceambul ances
 Useofwar rantcardandIDsigni
fyi
ngt
heaut
hor
it
ytoar
rest

UNITEDSTATESPOLI CINGSYSTEM
TYPESOFUSPOLI CE
1.Municipal Poli
ce=i ncludesv i
ll
age,townshi p,cit
yandcount rypolicedepartment s,sheri
ffdepart
ments.
TypesofLocalPol i
ce
a.Count r
ySher i
ff=inchar gedwitht heoper ationofcount yjail
,civi
lfuncti
onsuchasser viceof
evictionnot icesandot hercour tordersandpol i
cer esponsibil
it
y.
b.Ci t
yPol ice=mostcommonl ocal poli
ceor ganization.I
thasj urisdi
cti
oninmat t
ersthatoccurin
ani ncorpor atedmuni cipali
ty.
2.Stat
ePol ice=i ncl udesspecialinvesti
gativeagenci esthatconcent r
ateonst atewidelawenf or
cement
3.FederalPol i
ce=agenci esoperatedbyf ederal governmentatt henat ionall
ev el

SomeFeder alAgenci esHav ingPol i

ceFunct ions
a.Protect ionofLi f
e,Pr opertyandEnf orcementofPenal Statutes
1.Feder alBur eauofI nv esti
gation( DepartmentofJust ice)=i nvesti
gatesal lvi
olationsoff ederallaw
exceptwhent heenf or cementaut hori
tywasgi vent ootherspeci fi
cfederalagency
2.Uni t
edSt atesSecr etSer vice(Depar t
mentofTr easury)=concer nedwi thinvest
igationofcount erf
eiti
ng,
forgingoral t
eringofanyoft hemoneyorot hersecur i
ti
esoft heU.S.I tisalsoi nchargedoft he
protectionoft hepr esidentandhi sfamily
,andoft heexecut ivemansiongr ounds
3.Bur eauofNar cotics( Depar tmentofTr easur y)=inv estigatedallvi
olationsoffeder allaw rel
atingto
prohibit
eddr ugs
4.I mmi gr ati
on and Nat urali
zation Servi
ce ( Depar t
mentofJust i
ce)= i nvest
igates allviolati
ons of
i
mmi grationandnat ural i
zationlaws, patr
ol boarder stopr eventsurrept
it
iousent r
yofal i
ens,

b.Protecti
onoft heNat i
onalRevenue
1.Int
elli
genceUnitoftheBur eauofInt
ernalRev enue=i
nvest
igati
onofvi
olat
ionsofincometaxlaws
2.AlcoholTaxUni toftheBureauofInternal
Rev enue=vi
olat
ionsofi
nter
nalrevenuelaws
3.Di vi
sionofI nvesti
gati
onandPat r
ol,Bur eauofCustoms=i nvest
igat
essmuggl i
ngacti
vi
tiesand
enforcescustomsandnav i
gationl
aws.
4.Privat
ePolice=addi ti
onalpoli
ceprotecti
onmadebyempl oyi
ngswornoffi
cersthroughcont
ractwhen
theyarenotof f
ici
all
yondut y

TwoBasi cFormsofPri
vatePoli
ce
a.Propr
ietar
yPol
ice=whenaper sonwishtoreceiveservi
ce,
hehir
esandsecur
it
yper
sonnel
dir
ect
ly
b.Contr
actSecur
ity=ser
vicesofanindependentsecuri
tycompany

U.
S.Pol
iceAgencies
NewYor kCity=iti
swher ethefi
rstful
lti
mepol iceforcewasor ganizedintheUnitedStat
es
 NewYor kPoliceDepartment=thelargestpoli
ceforceintheUni tedStates
 TexasRanger=pol i
ceforceori
ginal
lycreatedinresponsetocol onizati
on
 Bost onPoliceDepar ment=f
t i
rstlocalmoder npol i
cedepar tmentest abl
ishedintheUnit
ed
Stat
es
 Pennsy l
vaniaStatePolce=t
i hefi
rststatepoli
ceagencyest abl
i
shed
 LosAngel esPol i
ceDepar t
ment=pol iceforcethathiredthefirstf emalepoli
ceoffi
cernamed,
Ali
ceStebbinsWells

TheUnitedStatespolicer ankmodeli sgeneral

lyquasi-
mili
taryinstructur
e.Alt
hought helar
ge
andvar
iednumberoffederal,stat
e, andlocalpoli
cedepart
ment sandsherif
f'
sof fi
cehavedi
fferentr
anks,
agener
almodel,f
rom highesttolowestr ank,wouldbe:
 ChiefofPol i
ce/ Pol
iceCommi ssioner
/Superi
ntendent/Sheri
ff
 DeputyChi efofPol ice/DeputyCommi ssi
oner/DeputySuperintendent/
Undersheri
ff
 Inspector/Commander /
Colonel
 Maj or
/Deput yInspect or
QuestRev
iewCent
er–Compar
ati
vePol
i
ceSy
stem 4
  Captai
n
 Li
eutenant
 Ser
geant
 Detect
ive/
Inspect
or/
Invest
igator
 Off
icer/
DeputySheri
ff/
Corporal

CANADA
RoyalCanadian Mount edPol i
ce(RCMP)=col loqui
all
yknownasMount iesandint
ernal
lyas“
TheForce”
=isthenationalpoli
cef orceofCanadaandoneoft hemostr ecognizedofit
skindinthewordbei
ng a
nat
ional
,federal
,provincialandmunicipalpol
icingbody.Itisf oundedin1920byt heMergerofRoyal
NorthwestMount edPolice(1873)wit
ht heDomi ni
onPoli
ce( 1868).
=headedbyt heCommi ssionunderthedirect
ionoftheMinisterofPubli
cSafetyCanada.

Commissioner=hi
ghestr
ankintheRoy
alCanadi
anMount
edPol
i
ce
Pol
iceConst e4thCl
abl ass=lowestr
ank

AUSTRALIA
Aust
rali
anPolice=apr ogressi
veandmul
ti
-f
acet
edl
awenf
orcementor
gani
zat
ion,
taki
ngst
rongl
eadi
n
thef
i nst21stcent
ghtagai urycrime.
 Commi ssioner=highestrank
 Constable=lowestr ank

HONGKONG
HongKongPol iceFor ce
=ist helargestdiscipl
inedser vi
ceundert heSecuri
tyBureauofHongKong.I ti
st heworl
d's
second,andAsia'sfir
st,
policeagencyt ooperat
ewi thamodernpol
icingsyst
em.Itwasf
ormedon1May
1844.
i
n1969,QueenEl i
zabethIIgr
antedtheRoyalChart
ert otheHongKongPoli
ceForcefor
thei
rhandlingoft heHongKong1967r iot
s— r enami
ngt hem:theRoy alHongKongPol iceFor
ce.
Foll
owingthetransferofsov er
eignty
,theForceisonceagainnamedt heHongKongPoli
ceForce

Str
uct
ureHKPF
TheForceiscommandedbyt he CommissionerofPol ice,who i sassisted bytwo deput
y
commissi
oner
s:
a.Deput
yCommi ssioner–Oper at
ions=supervi
sesalloperati
onal matt
ersincludi
ngcri
meand
b.DeputyCommi ssioner–Management=i sresponsibl
ef orthedirecti
onandcoor di
nati
onof
for
cemanagementincl
udingpersonnel
,tr
aini
ng,
andmanagementser vices.

Mot
to=WeSer
vewi
thPr
ideandCar
e

TheHongKongPoli
ceForceisor
gani
zedi
ntoSi
xRegi
ons:
 HongKongIsland
 Kowl
oonEast
 Kowl
oonWest
 NewTerr
it
oriesNort
h
 NewTerr
it
oriesSout
h
 Mari
neRegi
on

TheFor
ceHeadquart
ers( Management
)ismadeupoff
ivedepar
tment
s:
 Operati
ons&Suppor t
 Cri
me&Secur i
ty
 Personnel
&Training
 ManagementSer v
ices
 Fi
nance,Admi
nistrati
onandPl
anni
ng

HongKongPol iceColl
ege=sr esponsibleforallmat t
ersrelati
ngt otrai
ningwi t
hintheHongKongPol i
ce
exceptinternalsecur i
ty,Auxi
li
aryandMar inePolicet rai
ning.Trainingpr ov
idedbyt hePol i
ceColl
ege
i
ncludesr ecruitandcont i
nuat
iont rai
ning,crimeinvestigati
ont r
aining,poli
cedr i
vertr
ainingandweapon
tacti
cstraining.Theinformati
ont echnologyt r
aini
ng,commandt r
aining,l
ocalandov erseasmanagement
trai
ning,
somespeci ali
stcoursesandper iodiccoursesonf irear
msandf irstaidarealsoprovi
dedbythe
Poli
ceCol lege.

Serv
iceQuali
tyWi ng=isresponsi
bleforspear
headi
ngini
ti
ati
vestoimproveser
vicesprov
idedt
of orce
cust
omers both exter
naland int
ernal
.The wing compri
ses t
hr anches:Per
ee br for
mance Review,
QuestRev
iewCent
er–Compar
ati
vePol
i
ceSy
stem 5
ResearchandInspect
ionsandCompl ai
ntsandInternalI
nvest
igat
ions(C&II
)
Compl ai
ntsandInter
nalInvest
igati
ons( C&I
I)=includestheCompl ai
ntsAgai
nstPoli
ceOffi
ce(CAPO)
over
sees the i
nvesti
gati
on and successfulresoluti
on ofallcomplaint
s made bot
h ext
ernal
l
yand
i
nternall
yagai
nstmember softheforce.

Entr
yRequirementst oHKPF
Nati
onali
ty
Mustbeaper manentresi
dentoft
heHongKongSpeci
alAdmi
nist
rat
iveRegi
onandhav
eli
vedi
nHong
Kongforatleastsevenyear
s.

ForI
nspector
AcademicRequirements
 HongKongdegr ee,orequival
ent ;or
 Anaccr edit
edAssoci ateDegreef rom HongKongt erti
aryi nstitution/AHi gherDi plomaf rom a
HongKongpol yt
echni c/polytechnicuniversit
y,oraDi plomaf rom ar egi
steredpost -secondar y
coll
egeawar dedaft
ert hedateofi tsr
egistr
ation,orequi valent; or
 Apassi ntwosubject satAdv ancedLev elint heHongKongAdv ancedLevelExami nation(2A)
plusthreeothersubjectsatGr adeCorabov eint heHKCEE( 3O) ,oracombi nat
ionofr esult
si n
fi
veHongKongDi plomaofSecondar yEducat ion( HKDSE)subj ectsofLev el3i nNew Seni or
Secondary(NSS)subj ects,
“Attai
nedwi thDistincti
on”i nAppl iedLear ni
ng(ApL)subj ects( subject
toamaxi mum oftwoApLsubj ects)andGr adeCi nOt herLanguagesubj ect
s, orequivalent.

ForPol
iceConst
able
AcademicRequi
rement
s

Fi
vepassesorabove,
whichmayi ncl
udeChi neseLanguageandEngl ishLanguage,i
ntheHKCEE,
oracombi nat
ionofresul
tsinfi
v eHongKongDi plomaofSecondar yEducat i
on( HKDSE)subj
ectsof
Level2inNewSeniorSecondar
y( NSS)subject
s,“Attained”i
nAppliedLearning(ApL)subj
ect
s(subject
toamaximum oftwoApLsubjects)andGradeEi nOt herLanguagesubj
ects,orequival
ent
.

Sel
ect
ionPr ocessesForI nspect
or
 Wr it
tenExami nati
on
 Ext endedI nter
view
 Psy chomet r
icTest
 Fi nalInterv
iewBoar d
 Phy sicalFi
tnessTest
 I ntegrit
yChecksandMedi cal
Exami
nat
ion
 Appoi ntment

Sel
ect
ionPr ocessesf orPol
iceConstabl
e
 Phy sical Fi
tnessTest
 Gr oupI ntervi
ew
 Psy chomet r
icTest
 Fi nal I
nt erv
iewBoar d
 Basi cLawTest
 I ntegrit
yChecksandMedi calExaminat
ion
 Appoi ntment

RANKSOFHKPF
Commi ssionerofPol i
ce( CP)
DeputyCommi ssi
onerofPol i
ce(DCP)
SeniorAssi stantCommi ssi
onerofPoli
ce(SACP)
AssistantCommi ssionerofPol i
ce(ACP)
ChiefSuper i
nt endentofPol ice(CSP)
SeniorSuper intendentofPol ice(SSP)
SuperintendentofPol ice(SP)
ChiefInspect orofPol ice(CIP)
SeniorInspect orofPol i
ce(SIP)
I
nspect orofPol i
ce( I
P)
Probationar yI nspectorofPol ice(PI
)
Stati
onSer geant( SSGT)
Sergeant( SGT)
SeniorConst abl e(SPC)
Poli
ceConst abl e(PC)
QuestRev
iewCent
er–Compar
ati
vePol
i
ceSy
stem 6
TAI
WAN
TAI
WANPOLICEFORCE=i st heuni
fi
edpol
icef
orceoft
aiwan
=underthesuper
visionofNATI ONALPOLICEAGENCYwhi
chi
sdi
rect
l heMI
yundert NISTRYOF
I
NTERI
OR
=undereff
ecti
veci
v i
liancontr
ol

FUNCTI
ONS
1)tomaintainpubli
cor der,
2)2)toprotectsocialsecuri
ty,
3)3)topreventalldangers,and
4))topromot ethewel f
areofallpeopl
e.

TYPESOFPOLI CEFORCEI NTAI WAN

1.Admi nistrati
onPolice=ar egener al
lyreferr
edt ot hosewhoar erequir
edtowearuni formst ocar
ryout
dutiesofhousehol dvisit
s, patroll
ing,rai
d, guardi
ng, dut yofficer
,andreserves.
2.Tr af
ficPol i
ce=t hepr imarydut i
esoft heTr aff
icPol i
cear etokeept r
affi
corder,t oensuretraffi
c
safety,t
opr eventtraf
ficacci dents,andt osmoot htraf f
icf l
ow.
3.Speci alPol i
ce=ar et hosewhoar eresponsi blef orpr otect
ingtheCent ralGovernment ,est
abl
ishing
cont i
ngentplansandassi sti
ngl ocal andspeciali
zedpol iceuni t
sinmai nt
aini
ngpubl i
cor der.
4.Cr i
mi nalInvesti
gati
onPol i
ce=t heprimar ydut i
esoft hecriminalinvest
igat
ionpolicear etoprevent
anddet ectcr i
mes.
5.Speci al
izedPol i
ce=mai ndut i
esar etopr otectst ate-runenterpri
sesandpubl icfaci
li
tiesli
kerai
l
way s,
hi
ghway s,ai
rports,
harbor s,MRTandBankofTai wan.

RANKSOFTAI WANPOLI CEFORCE

Pol
iceSupervi
sorGeneral
Pol
iceSupervi
sorRank
Pol
iceSupervi
sorRankTwo
Pol
iceSupervi
sorRankThree
Pol
iceSupervi
sorRankFour
Pol
iceOff
icerRankOne
Pol
iceOff
icerRankTwo
Pol
iceOff
icerRankThree
Pol
iceOff
icerRankFour
Pol
iceRankOne
Pol
iceRankTwo
Pol
iceRankThree
Pol
iceRankFour

MYANMAR
MyanmarPol iceForce=f or
mallyknownasThePeopl e'
sPoli
ceForce(Burmese:PyiThuYaeTupPwe)
= establ
ished in 1964 asi ndependentdepar
tmentunderMi ni
stryofHomeAf fai
rs.Itwas
r
eorganizedon1Oct ober1995.
Thereare14St ateandDi vi
sionalPol
iceFor
cesandthr
eeaddit
ionalStat
e/Di
vi
sionPoli
ceForces

EachSt
ateandDivisi
onalPol
iceFor
ceconsi
stoffourcomponents
 Off
iceoftheCommanderoftheStat
eandDi v
isi
onalPol
iceFor
ce
 Off
iceoftheCommanderoftheDist
ri
ctPol
iceForce
 Off
iceoftheCommanderoftheTownshipPoli
ceForce
 Poli
ceStati
ons

TRAININGCENTERS
1.CentralTr
aini
ngInsti
tuteofMy anmarPoliceForce
2.No. 1PoliceTrai
ningDepot=under t
akesBasicTr ai
ningCourseforPoli
ceSer geantf
or2y ear
s;
War r
antOffi
cerandPoliceSergeantsCoursefor12Weeks; andBasi
cTrai
ningCourseforConst
abl
esfor
6Mont h
3.No.2Pol iceTrai
ningDepot=under takesonlyBasicTraini
ngCoursef
orConstables,whi
chnor
mally
takesaround6mont hstocompl et
e.

I
NDONESI APOLICI
NGSYSTEM
I
ndonesi
anNat i
onalPol
ice(Kepol
isi
anNegar
aRepubl
ikaI
ndonesi
a)=i
stheof
fi
cialpol
i
cef
orceof
I
ndonesi
a
=organi
zed1946
=alsoknownasPolri
QuestRev
iewCent
er–Compar
ati
vePol
i
ceSy
stem 7
Markasbesar
/Mabes=nameoft
heheadquat
ersofI
ndonesi
anNat
ional
Pol
i
cel
ocat
edi
nKebay
oranBar
u,
South,
Jakart
a,I
ndonesi
a

POLRITERRITORIALFORCES
1.Kepol
isi
anDaerahorpolda=pr
ovi
ncialpoli
ce
2.Kepol
isi
anWilayahorPolwi
l=r
egi
onal pol
ice
3.Kepol
isi
anResortorPol
res=ci
typoli
ce
4.Kepol
isi
anSectororPol
sek=sub-
distr
ictpol
ice

SPECI ALBRANCHES
1.BrigadeMobi l
e( BRIMOB)=t hemostmi l
itarizedtrainedtodeal wit
hmassdemonst rat
ions
=par ami li
taryrol
et oconductsecur i
tyst abil
izati
onoper at
ionsandprovi
dingsecuri
tyforVI
Pand
vi
talfacil
ities
2.Ant i
-Ri
otUni t(PasukanAnt iHuru-Hura)=r ecei v
edspeci alanti
-r
iott
rai
ning
3.SeaandAi rPol i
ce=r esponsiblepatroll
i
ngt heairspace
4.PlainclothesUni t=assignedi nconductingi nvestigati
ons
5.Mar it
imePol ice=r esponsibleinprotecti
ngt heterri
tori
alsea
6.Ant i
-TerroristUni t=tr
ainedi ncounter-
terrorism
7.Forensi cs=i n-chargedoflabor ator
yexami nationofev i
dence

POLICERECRUI TVOLUNTEERS
 Atleastsixth-
gradeeducat
ionandshoul
dpassthecompeti
ti
veexaminat
ion.
Aft
er3years,personnelwit
hjuni
orsecondar
ydi
plomacoul
denteri
ntotr
aini
ngtobecomeNCO.

RANKINGSYSTEM OFPOLRI
Poli
ceGener
al=equi
val
entofDir
ect
orGener
alofPNP
SecondBhay
angkar
a=equival
entofpol
i
ceoffi
cer1oft
hePNP

ROYALMALAYSIANPOLI CE(RMP:  
Malay:
 Pol
isDiraj
aMalaysi
a,PDRM)=pol i
cefor
ceofMal
aysia.
=headquar
tersislocat
edat Buki
tAman,  
KualaLumpur
=Theconstitut
ion,contr
ol,employment,recr
uit
ment,
fund,di
sci
pli
ne,dut
iesandpowersofthe
pol
i
cefor
ceisspecif
iedandgov er
nedbyt Pol
he  i
ceAct1967

Mot
to=TEGAS,
ADI
LDANBERHEMAH=Fi
rm,
Fai
rAndPr
udent

RMPOr ganizations
1.ManagementDepar tment=t heManagementDepar tmenti st askedwi ththeroutineofmanagement
andadmi nistr
at ionaf f airsoft heRMP.Thi sdepartmenti salsot hener vecent r
eoft heRMPandact sas
thesupportser v i
cespl at formf ort her estoft heforce.
2.Logisti
csDepar tment=hast her olet opr ovi
desev eralequipment sneededi nRMP
 3.Cr imi nalI nv est i
gat i
onDi vision=deal swi t
ht heinv estigati
on,arrestandpr osecut
ionofhar
d
crimes( mur der , robber y, rapeet c)andpet t
ycr i
mes( theft,house-breakingetc).
=Thi sdepar tmental sospeci alizesi ngambling,viceandsecr etsocieti
es(tr
iads)
BranchesofCr imi nalI nv est igationDi vision
 D1–Admi ni
st rativeDi vi
si on
 D2–Cr imi nal Recor dRegi strat i
on
 D3–I nter nal Af fairs
 D4–St atisti
cs
 D5–Pr osecut i
onandLawDi visions
 D6–Techni cal Assi stanceDi v ision
 D7–Gambl i
ng/Vi ce/Secr etSoci et
ies
 D8–I nv est i
gat ionDi v i
sion/Pl anni ng
 D9–Speci alInv est igationDi vision
 D10–For ensicLabor atoryDi v i
si on
 D11–Sexual Inv est igationDi v ision
 D12–  Nat ional Cent reBur eau- Interpol 
Div
isi
on

4.Narcoti
csCr iminalInv esti
gati
onDi vi
sion=t hi
sdepartment'
sf uncti
onistof ightagai
nstdanger
ous
drugsbyenforcingthelawt ostopandr educethedemandandsuppl yofdangerousdrugs.
5.Int
ernalSecurit
yandPubl i
cOr derDepar t
ment=responsiblefortraff
iccontrolandSearch&Rescue
(SAR)operat
ions
6.The Poli
ceFi el
dFor ce (PFF)=or ganizedinbatt
ali
onsandwasapar a-mili
taryunit
soft heRoyal
Malaysi
aPolice.Alsoknownast heJungleSquad
=establi
shedin1948
7.Poli
ceCount er-
Terrorism Unit=anel it
eunitofRMPr esponsibl
eincounter-
terrori
sm oper
ati
ons
QuestRev
iewCent
er–Compar
ati
vePol
i
ceSy
stem 8
8.UNGERI N=Uni tGempurMar in(UNGERI N)( Mar i
neCombatUni t)wasest ablishedi n2006andi twas
full
yoper ational byt heendof2007
=f irstnamewas  Uni tSel am Tempur  duet ot hepr essi ngneedt osuppr esst hepi rateat t
acks
alongsidet hecoast alar eaofMal accaSt raitsandopenseaar eaofSout hChi naSea  whichwer e
cont i
nuousl ywi despr eadf rom t i
met ot i
medespi t
ev ariousef fortsdonet oov ercomet hepr oblem
=member sr ecei v edt rainingf rom U. S
9.Feder alReser v eUni t(FRU)=( Mal ay:PasukanSi
  mpananPer sekutuan)
=i tsr olei sr iotsuppr essi on,cr owd cont rol,di sast err el
ief& r escue,as wel las speci al
oper ati
onsassi st ance
=or gani zedi n1955
10.C4- iImpl ement at ionsSy stem =  (abbr ev iat i
onf orCommand,Cont rol ,Communi cations,Comput er-
Integrated)  =basedatPol iceCont rol Cent rei nal lpolicecont i
ngent sinMal ay sia.
=t hisuni ti sassi gnedt opat rol theci tyandt hesubur bs.
11.TheMar ineOper at ionsFor ceor  (Mal ay :
 PasukanGer akanMar in) =t askedwi thmai ntaininglawand
orderandcoor dinat i
ngsear chandr escueoper ati
onsi ntheMal aysianMar i
timeZoneandont hehigh
seas
12.Roy alMal ay sianPol iceAi rWi ngUni tor  Uni tUdar aPDRM ( UUP)  
=isaspeci aluni tofRoy alMal aysi
a
Policewi t
hav ital rolei nmai ntainingnat i
onal secur i
tywi ththor oughsur v eillanceandpat rolfrom theai r
13.Speci alBr anch=Thi sdepar tmenti sr esponsi bl
ef orcol l
ect i
ngi ntell
igencef ornat ionalsecurity
14.Tr afficUni t=r esponsi bleinmai ntainingt hef l
owoft raffi
c
15.Commer cialCr imesI nv est i
gationDepar tment=t hisdepar tment '
smai nf unct ionist oi nvesti
gate,
arrest,andpr osecut eof fender scommi tti
ngwhi tecol l
arcr imessuchasf r aud,br eachoft rust,cyber-
crimes, for gery, count erfeit i
nget c
16.Mount edPol ice=  pol i
ce  whopat rol on  hor seback  (equest r
ians)or  camel back.Theycont i
nuet oser v
e
i
nr emot ear easandi nmet ropoli
tanar easwher et heirday -to-dayf unct ionmaybepi cturesqueor
ceremoni al,butt heyar eal soempl oyedi n cr owdcont rol 
becauseoft hei rmobi lemassandhei ght
adv antage

RANKSOFRMP
I
NSPECTOR-
GENERALOFPOLICE=equival
entofdi
rect
orgeneral(
Phi
l
ippi
nes)
POLI
CECONSTABLE=equi
val
entofpol
i
ceoffi
cer1(Phil
ippi
nes)

Si
ngapor e
Franci
sJamesBer nard=f ormedt heskel
etonf orceast heher i
tageofSi ngaporePol i
ceForcei n1819.
 Si ngapor ePol i
ceFor ce( SPF)isthemai nagencyt askwi ththemai nt
aininglawandor derint he
cit
y-state.Iti sfor mer lyknownasRepubl icofSi ngapor ePol i
ce.Organizedwi t
hspl itst aff(15)
andl inef unctions( 13)r oughl
ymodel edaf terthemi l
it
ar y.HeadquartersatNewPoeni xPar kin
Nov ena.Thehi ghestr ankisCommi ssionerofPol iceandt helowestisPol i
ceConst abl e.
 Sect i
on7ofPol iceFor ceActof1857=const i
tutionoft heSPF
Recrui
tment /tr
aining
 Hi ghschoolgr aduat eswhower einter
est edi nlawenf or cementasacar eercanber ecr ui
tedand
thosewhoar esel ectedf oroffi
cershadt obeappr ov edbyt hePublicServiceCommi ssi on.
 Car eerdev elopmentcour sewer eencour agedf orof ficerandseni orofficersarerequiredt ot r
av el
overseesf ort rainingsuchasi nPol i
ceSt affCol legei nBr i
tai
n,FBINat ’
lAcademyi nUSand
PoliceAcademyi nJapan.
 Ni ne( 9)mont hst raining.Newl yappointedof ficerwi llbepl acedonaoney earpr
obat ionper iod.

RANKSOFSPF
Commissi
onerofPol
ice=equival
entofdi
rectorgener
ali
nthePhi
l
ippi
nes
Const
abl
e=equival
entofPol
iceOffi
cer1i
nt hePNP

JAPANPOLI
CINGSYSTEM

 Keihor
yo(Pol
iceBur
eauwithint
heMini
str
yofHomeaf fair
st o1945)
  
JapaneseColoni
alGover
nment=theonewhi chor
gani
zedt hefi
rstfor
malpol
ici
ngi
nChi
na.
 JapaneseYakuza=consi
deredast
hecenterofAsi
anorganizedcri
meacti
on.

ORGANI ZATIONOFNPA
1.NationalPubl i
cSaf et
yCommi ssi
on = a gov nmentbody r
er esponsi
bleforthe admi
nist
rati
ve
super
visionofthepoli
ce.Undert
hejur
isdi
cti
onofthePri
meMi ni
ster
2.JapanNat ionalPol
iceAgency(NPA)=at ot
alygunl
l esspol
icefor
ce,exceptf
orit
sspecialat
tack
team.

Organi
zati
onsAtt
achedtot
heNPA
a.Nati
onalPol
i
ceAgency=prov
idest
rai
ningt
opol
i
ceof
fi
cer
sandconductacademi
cresear
ch
QuestRev
iewCent
er–Compar
ati
vePol
i
ceSy
stem 9
b.Nat
ionalResearchI
nst
itut
eofPoliceScience=conduct
sr esearchi
npoli
cesci
ence
c.I
mper i
alGuards=prov
idesescorttotheEmper or
,Empress,CrownPri
nceandotherI
mper
ial
fami
l
y.
=responsi
blef
orthesecur
it
yofI mperial
Palace

3.RegionalPol
iceBureau=exerci
secont
rolandsuperv
isi
onoverr
egi
onalpol
iceoff
icesandpr
ovides
supportwit
hthepref
ectur
alpol
i
ce.
Dir
ectorGeneral=headseachRegionalBureau act
inguponordersfrom theCommission
GeneraloftheNPA.

RegionalPoli
ceBur eau=thelocalorgani
zati
onst ocar
ryoutpartoft heNPA’sfuncti
ons.Thereare
about7Bureausint hemaj
orci
tiesexceptforTokyoandHokkaidowhereinToky o,
Metropoli
tanPol
ice
department (headedbySuperint
endentGener al
)haslongbeenest abli
shed andshar esthesame
l
ocationwit
htheNPA.Pr ef
ect
uralPoli
cehast hewholeofHokkaidounderit
sjur
isdi
cti
on.

4.Prefectur
alPubl
icSafet
yCommi ssi
on( PPSC) =administ
rat
ivecommissi
onfunct
ioni
ngunderthe
repr
esentati
vesyst
em whichsupervisethepref
ectur
alpol
ice.UndertheJuri
sdi
cti
onoftheGovernor
.
Thoughnotempower edt
ogiveordertotheCommi ssi
on.

5.Koban=asy st
em ofpolici
ngadoptedinJapan,asubstat
ionnearmaj ortr
ansport
ati
onhubsand
shoppi
ngareasandinresi
denti
aldi
str
ict
swhichfor
mst hef
ir
stl
ineofpoli
ceresponsetothepubli
c.
=Kobanusuallystaf
fedby3- 5off
icersandabout7000resident
ialpol
iceboxes( Chuzai
sho-
staf
fedbyasingl
eoffi
cer.About20%ofpol
) i
ceisassi
gnedtoKoban.

CHI
NAPOLICESYSTEM
 Ministr
yofNat i
onalDef ense=i sthe topoft hehi erarchywithj udi
cialandpubli
csecurit
y
agenciessuchasMi nist
ryofPubl
icsafetyandt heMi nist
ryofStateSecur i
ty.
 Ministr
yofPubl icSecur i
ty=ist
hepr incipalpoliceaut hori
tyoft hemai nlandoft
hePeopl e’
s
RepublicofChinawhi chov er
seethedayt odayl aw enforcement .(I
tistheequiv
alentofthe
Nati
onal Pol
iceAgencyinJapan).
 Ministr
y ofSt ate Securit
y= the Chi nese gov ernment’slargestand mostact i
ve for
eign
i
ntell
igenceagency,thoughiti
salsoi
nv olvedindomest i
csecuri
tymat ter
s.

Kindsofpol ice
1.Peopl e’sAr medPol ice( PAP) ,1980’sdealswi t
hdomest i
cdi stur
bances,act sasr i
otpol i
ceand
guard’ sgov ernmentcompoundsandf orei
gnembassi es.Usual lyhandlesbor derdef ensebuti scalled
somet i
mest obackupl ocalpol ice.
2.St ateSecur it
yPol i
ce=( 1983)saf eguardsstatesecurity,preventforeignespionage,sabot ageand
conspi racies.Undert heMi nistryofSt ateSecuri
tyanddirectl
yaccount abletotheStat ecounci l
.
3.Pr isonPol i
ce=apar toft hecor recti
onalarm oftheover al
lpol i
cesy stem st
ationedi nprisonsand
correctionuni ts.Thi
si sundert heleadershi
poft heMinistr
yofJust ice.
4.Judi cialPolice=r esponsibl ef ormaintai
ningthesecurityandor derincour t
sandser vinginstruments
andsomeal soexecut ingdeat hsent ences.
5.Quasipar apolice(“Chengguan” )=oper ateinmanypl acesandhi r
edbyof fi
cialst ohelpcar ryout
someunpopul aractionssuchascol lecti
ngtaxesandf i
nesandoust ingpeasantsfrom sei zedland.

Speci
alPoliceColl
ege=conductsnati
onwi
derecrui
tmentonceayear
.
Centr
alMili
taryCommi ssi
on=appoint
spol
iceinChina
People’
sLiberat
ionArmy=ChineseArmedforces.
Civ
ilServi
cePr omoti
onExami nat
ions=basisf orregul
ati
onoftheRankpr
omot
ionExami
nat
ionf
or
pol
iceoffi
cer.

RANKSYSTEM INCHINA
Commissi
onerGener
al=equi
valentofDi
rect
orGenerali
nthePNP
Const e2ndCl
abl ass=equi
val
entofPoli
ceOffi
cer1inthePNP

THAILANDPOLI CESYSTEM
RoyalThaiPol
ice=for
merlyknownasTHAI LANDNATIONALPOLI CEDEPARTMENT( TNPD)
=In1998,TNPDwast ransfer
redfr
om theMini
str
yofInter
iorofThail
andtobedirect
lyunderthe
Offi
ceoft hePri
meMi ni
sterusingthenameRoy alThaiPol
ice.Thepositi
onofitssupremeheadwas
changedfrom t
hatoft
heDi r
ector-
GeneraloftheTNPDtotheCommi ssi
oner-
GeneraloftheRoyalThai
Poli
ce

Roy
alThaiPoli
ceHeadquart
ers=basedinBangkok
Pol
ice-
Gener
al=highestr
ankoftheRoyalThai
Poli
ce
Pol
iceman/Constabl
e=lowestrank
QuestRev
iewCent
er–Compar
ati
vePol
i
ceSy
stem 10
BRUNEIPOLI CESYSTEM
 Roy alBruneiPol
iceFor ce( Pol
isDir
ajaBrunei–PDRB)=cr eatedin1921 whi
chisresponsi
ble
forkeepinglawandor derandpr ovi
dingl
awenf or
cementser
vicesthr
oughoutBr
unei
 Inspector-
GeneralofPol i
ce=highestrank
 LanceCor poral=lowestr ank

Phi
l
ippi
nePol iceSy stem
 Dur ingt heSpani shRegi me
Mai nt enanceofl awandor deri sapar toft hemi li
tar ysy st em f ort hedef enseoft hecol ony ;
Local lyor gani zedpol icef or cesal thoughper f
or mi ngci vildut iesi sadi rectadj unctoft he
coloni almi litar yest abl i
shment s;( pol icemeni nappear ancey etcol oni alsol dier si nt he
ultimat esense.
Pol i
cef unct ionsconsi stedmai nlyof( 1)suppr essi onofbr igandagebypat rolli
ngunset tl
ed
areas;( 2)det ect ionofl ocalorpet t yupr isingbyspy ingupont hewor kandmov ement sof
thepeopl eand; (3)t heenf or cementoft axcol lect i
oni ncludi ngchur chr ev enues.
 Cuar dilleros=abodyofr ur al pol iceor gani zedi neacht ownest abl ishedbyRoy al decreeofJan.8,
1836.I tmandat est hat5% oft heabl ebodi edmal ei nhabi tant sofeachpr ov incewher et obe
enlist edi nt hispol iceor gani zat ionf or3y ear s.Ther eser vicesar eor i
gi nallynotpai dorgr at uitous
subj ectt osomepr ivilegesal t houghi nsomepr ov incet heyr ecei v edapr opor ti
onat epayr angi ng
from 4. 00t o8. 00dependi ngont her ev enuecol lect ion.
 Car abi ner os De Segur idad Publ ica = Or gani zed i n 1712 f ort he pur pose ofcar rying t he
regul at i
onsoft heDepar tmentofSt at e.Thi swasar medandconsi der edast hemount edpol ice
whol at erdi schar gedt hedut iesofapor t,har borandr iverpol ice.I twasl at ergi venspeci al
commi ssionbyRoy alDecr eeofDecember20,1842andi twascal led–Cuer coDeSegur idad
Publ ica(Cor psofCr abbi nessf orPubl icSecur it
y ).
 Gur di aCi vil=Cr eat edbyRoy aldecr eeonFebr uary12,1852,t opar ti
al lyrel i
ev et heSpani sh
peni nsul atroopsoft hei rwor ksi npol icingt owns.I tisconsi stedofabodyofFi lipinopol i
cemen
organi zedor iginal lyi neachoft hepr ov inci alcapi taloft hepr ovinceofLuzonundert heAl calde
May or .)
 Phi l
ippi neCommi ssi onActNo.of175=( Jul y18, 1901)anactpr ov idingf ortheor gani zat ionand
gov er nmentofanI nsul arConst abul ar y.
 Sec.1, Act255ofOct ober3, 1901=r enamedt heI nsul arConst abul aryt oPhi l
ippi neConst abul ar y
(anat ional pol icei nst itutionf orpr eser v ingpeace, keepi ngor derandenf orcingt hel aw.
 Henr yAl l
en=t hef i
r stChi efoft hePhi l
ippi neConst abul ary .
 Raf aelCr ame=t hef irstFi li
pinoChi efoft hePhi lippi neConst abul ar y.
 ActNo70=( OnJanuar y9, 1901)TheMet ropol itanPol iceFor ceofMani lawasor ganized
 E. O.389=Or der edt hatt hePCbeoneoft hef ourser vicesoft heAFP, dat edDecember23, 1940.
 P. D.765 =I ntegr at i
onActof1975,dat edAugust8,1975,est abl i
shedt heI nt egr atedNat ional
Pol i
ce( INP)composedoft hePC ast henucl eusandt heI nt egr at edl ocalpol i
cef or cesas
component s,undert heMi nistryofNat ional Def ense.
 E. O.1012=t ransf er r edt ot heci tyandmuni cipalgov er nmentt heoper ationalsuper v isionand
direct ionov ert heI NPuni tsassi gnedwi thi nt heirl ocal ity.
 R. A.4864=I tcr eat edt hePOLCOM ( Pol iceCommi ssion)asasuper visoryagencyt oov er seet he
trainingandpr ofessi onal izat ionoft hel ocalpol iceundert heOf ficeroft hePr esi dent.Ot her wi se
knownast hePol icePr of essi onal i
zat i
onactof1966,dat edSept ember8,1966.I twasl at er
renamedast heNat ional Pol iceCommi ssi on( NAPOLCOM) .
 E. O.1040=Tr ansf er redt heAdmi n.Cont rolandSuper visionoft heI NPf r
om t hemi ni stryof
Nat ional Def enset ot heNat i
onal Pol iceCommi ssi on
 R. A.6975=I tisot her wi seknownast heDepar tmentofI nteriorandLocalGov ernmentActof
1990, enact edonDecember13, 1990.Est abl i
shedt hePNP, BFP, BJMPandt hePPSC.
 R. A.8551Phi l
ippi neNat ionalPol iceRef or m andReor gani zationActof1998,enact ed1998,
amendi ngt hepr ov isionofR. A.6975
 ActNo.181=cr eat edt heDi visi onofI nv est igat ion( DI )oft heDepar t mentofJust i
cedat ed
Nov ember1938.
 R. A.157 = cr eat ed t heNat ionalBur eau ofI nv est i
gat ion,enact ed June19,1947 and l at er
reor gani zedbyR, A.2678
 Li neandSt aff=t heor gani zat ionalst ruct ur eoft heP. N. P.whi chi sal soadopt edbymanypol ice
organi zat i
oni nt hewor ld.
 P. N. P.=headedbyChi efwi thar ankofDi r ect orGener alwi tht wo( 2)Deput yDi rect orGener al( 1)
forAdmi nistrat i
onand( 2)f orOper at ion.Al thought her ear et hr ee( 3)Deput yDi rectorGener al
ranks.
 SOPNo.7=pr escr ibedPNPgui del inesi nt heconductofoper at ionsagai nstt error i
stsandot her
l
awl essel ement sinv ol vedi nt er ror i
stact ivities.

QuestRev
iewCent
er–Compar
ati
vePol
i
ceSy
stem 11
Unit
edNat i
ons=off
icial
lycamei nt
oexistenceonOctober24,
1945
=Coi nedbyWi nst
onChur chil
landFr ankl
inD.Roosevelti
nthedeclarat
ionbyUnitedNati
on.This
decl
arati
onwasmadet ooffici
all
ystatetheCooperati
onoftheal
li
es(GreatBri
tai
n,t
heUnitedStat
es,
andtheUnionofsovietSociali
stRepubli
cs)

BranchesofUN
1.UN gener alAssembly=Thisisthemai ndeci
sion-makingandrepresent
ati
veassembl
yintheUN
throughi t
spol i
ciesandrecommendat
ions.Itiscomposedofal lmemberst ates,isheadedbya
presidentelectedf r
om t
hememberstat
es,andmeetsfrom Sept
embertoDecember

Functi
onsofGener alAssembly
a.Del
iberat
ive=init
iati
ngstudi
esandmakingrecommendationsforthedevelopmentofint
ernat
ional
law
b.Supervi
sory=receivi
ngandconsideri
ngannualandspeci
alrepor
tsfrom anotheror
gans
c.Fi
nancial=approvalandapporti
onmentofbudget
d.El
ecti
ve=el ect
ionofnon-permanentmembersofthesecuri
tycouncil
e.Consti
tuent=admi ssi
onsofmember sandtheamendment sofchart
er

2.UNSecurit
yCounci
l=i
sanot
herbr
anchi
ntheor
gani
zat
ionoft
heUNandi
sthemostpower
fulofal
l
thebr
anches.

FUNCTI ONS
a.Preventi
v eAction=consi
stofprovi
sionalmeasur
est opreventaconf
li
ctf
rom wor
seni
ng,andmay
i
nvolvethedeploymentofPEACEKEEPINGANDOBSERVERmi ssions
b.EnforcementAct i
on=consi
stofdeploymentofai
r,seaandlandfor
ces
Fi
vePer manentMember sofSecuri
tyCouncil
1.Chi na
2.Fr ance
3.Russi a
4.Uni tedKingdom
5.Uni tedStates
*Theot her10member sarer otat
ingorelectiv
emember sforaper
iodoftwoyearsbythe
GeneralAssembl y

3.Internat
ionalCourtofJusti
ce=Locat edi
nt heHague,Nether
lands.Thi
sbranchisresponsi
blef
orthe
j
udicialmat t
ersoftheUN.
4.Secretar
iat=It
smai nresponsibi
l
ityi
sprovi
dingst
udies,i
nformation,
andotherdataneeded
5.Economi candSoci alCouncil=consi
stsof45member selectedbytheGeneralAssemblyfora3year
term.

Eff
ortsar eTowardstheFol l
owing:
a.Higherstandardsoflivi
ng
b.Conditionofeconomi candsocialpr
ogressanddev el
opment
c.Soluti
onsofinternat
ionaleconomic,soci
al,heal
thandrel
atedpr
obl
ems
d.Universalr
espectforhumanr ight
sandf undamentalf
reedoms

6.Tr
usteeshi
pCouncil=assi
ststhesecur
it
ycounci
landt
hegener
alassembl
yint
headmi
nist
rat
ionof
theI
nter
nati
onal
Trust
eeshi
pSy st
em

UNCHARTER=i ti
sclosestt
oaconst
it
uti
ont
hatbasi
cal
l
ygov
ernst
her
elat
ionsofi
nter
nat
ional
per
sons.
Techni
cal
l
y,i
tisaTreat
y.

TREATY = an i nter
nationalagr
eementconcl
uded bet
ween st
ates i
n wri
tt
en for
m and swor
n by
i
nter
nationallaw,whetherembodiedi
nasingl
einst
rumentori
ntwoormor einst
rument
sandwhatev
er
i
tspart
iculardesi
gnati
on.

I
NTERPOL
 I nter
pol(1923)=(Internati
onalCri
mi nalPoli
ceOr gani
zat i
on)i sthepoliceforcesorgani
zati
on
thatpri
maril
ymanifestglobalorinter
nat i
onalcooperat
ioninaddr essingtransnati
onalcr
ime.Its
headquart
erswasi nit
iall
ylocatedinVi ennaAustria(i
ti swher eI nt
erpolwasf ounded)butat
presenti
tistr
ansf
erredt oLyonFrance.
 I NTERPOL=i sthewor ld’
slargesti
nternati
onalpoli
ceor ganizati
on,with190membercount r
ies.
Itexist
stohel pcreateasaf erworl
dbysuppor ti
ngl aw enf or
cementagenci eswor l
dwideto
combatcrime.
QuestRev
iewCent
er–Compar
ati
vePol
i
ceSy
stem 12
  Itaimst of acili
tat
ei nternati
onalpol iceco-
operat
ion,andsupport
sandassi stsallorganizati
ons,
authori
tiesandser vi
ceswhosemi ssioni
stopreventorcombatinter
nalcri
me.
 =t heor gani zati
onofl aw enforcementagenci eswor ldwi
dethatser esas t
v ransmi ssionor
communi cationl i
nef ort heexchangeofi nf
ormation,dataandrequestforassistancebet ween
andamongt hemembercount r
ies.
 Itfocuseson:( 1)Combatcr imesandt r
ansnati
onalcrimes;(
2)protectmi nor
iti
esagai nstthe
domi nantgr oups; and( 3)Mai ntai
nl awenforcementregardl
essofraceorreligi
on.

I
NTERPOL’sStruct
ure
 GeneralAssembly
 Executi
veCommi t
tee
 GeneralSecret
ari
at
 Nati
onal Centr
alBureaus
 Adviser
s
 TheCommi ssi
onfortheCont
rol
ofI
NTERPOL’
sFi
l
es.

GeneralAssembl y=isthesupremegover ni
ngbodyoft heInt
erpol tmeet
,i sannual
lyandcomprises
del
egatesappoi nt
edbyeachmembercount ry.Theassemblytakesalli
mport
antdeci
sionsr
elat
edt o
pol
icy
, r
esources,wor
kingmethods,
finances,
acti
vit
iesandpr
ogrammes.

Executi
veCommittee=consistingof13member select
edbytheGener alAssembl
yandcompr i
sest
he
presi
dent,
thr
eevi
ce–pr esi
dentsandninedelegatescoveri
ngt
hefourregions.
I
tistheI
NTERPOL’ s selectdel
iber
ateorganwhi st
chmeet hreet i
mesay ear,usual
lyi
nMarch,
Julyandimmedi
atelybefor
et heGeneralAssembl y
.

Curr
entMember soft
heECasof2012
 KHOOBoonHui( Si
ngapore)–CurrentPr
esidentandSingapore’
sSeni
orDeput
ySecr
etar
yoft
he
Mini
str
yofHomeAf f
air
sandformerCommi ssionerofPol
ice.
3VicePresi
dents
AdamuAbubakarMOHAMMED( Ni
ger
ia)
Mir
eil
leBALLESTRAZZI(
France)
OscarAdolf
oNARANJOTRUJI LLO(Colombia)

9Del
egat
es
 PieterJaapAALBERSBERG( TheNet her
lands)
 FathELRAHMANOsman( Sudan)
 Emmanuel GASANA( Rwanda)
 FranciscoGILMONTERO( Spain)
 Nobuy ukiKAWAI( Japan)
 TariqKHOSA( Paki
stan)
 SannaPALO( Finl
and)
 Mar cosVASQUEZMEZA( Chil
e)
 Timot hyA.WILLIAMS( Unit
edStates)

GeneralSecretari
at=( Ly
on, France)operat
es24hoursaday,
365day sayearandisrunbytheSecretary
General
.ItWor kswi t
hOf f
icialsofmor ethan80countr
iesside-by
-si
deusingfouroff
ici
allanguages:
Arabi
c,Engli
sh, FrenchandSpani sh.I
tconsi
stsofsev
en(7)r
egionalof
fi
cesacrosst
heworldnamel y:
Argentina,
Camer on,
CoteD’ I
voire,
Kenya,
ElSalvador,
Thail
and, and
Zimbabwe.

Nati
onalCentr
alBur eaus(NCB)=EachINTERPOLmembercount r
ymai nt
ainsaNationalCentr
alBureau
st
affedbyNationallawenf or
cementof
fi
cers.TheNCBisthedesi
gnatedcontactpointfortheGener al
Secr
etari
at,regionalof fi
ces and ot
her member countr
ies requi
ri
ng assi
stance with overseas
i
nvesti
gati
onsandt helocati
onandappr
ehensionoff
ugi
ti
ves.

Advi
ser
s=t hesear
eexper
tsinapurelyadvi
sor
ycapaci
ty,whomaybeappoi
ntedbyt
heExecut
ive
Committ
eeandconf
ir
medbytheGener
alAssembl
y.

Commissionf
ort
heCont
rolofI
NTERPOL’Fi
le(
CCF)=t
hisi
sani
ndependentbodywhosemandat
eis
thr
eef
old:
QuestRev
iewCent
er–Compar
ati
vePol
i
ceSy
stem 13
 (1)t o ensur et hatt hepr ocessing ofpersonalinf
ormati
onbyI NTERPOLcompl i
eswi ththe
Organization’
sr egul at
ions,
(2)toadv iceI NTERPOLonanypr oject
,operati
on,setofrul
esorothermatt
erconcerningthe
i
nformat ioncont ainedi nINTERPOL’ Sfi
les.
 
INTERPOL’ sGov ernance=compr i
sest heGeneralAssembl yandtheExecuti
veCommi t
tee,whichis
headedbyt hePr esident .
ThePr esi dentoft heOr ganizat
ioniselect
edbyt heGener
alAssemblyforaperodoff
i our(4)
years.Hi sroleist ochai rt heGeneralAssembl yandExecut i
veCommitt
eeandensurethatINTERPOL’S
acti
vit
iesconf orm wi t
hdeci sionsmadeatt hesemeet i
ngs.

OskarDressl
er=thefi
rstsecret
arygeneral
oftheInter
pol
.
JohannSchober=thefir
stpresi
dentoftheInt
erpol.

INTERPOL’ SNOTI CE
1.RedNot ice–anot icewhi chi sissuedt oseekt hearrestorprov i
sionalar
restofwant edpersonswi tha
viewt oext radi
tion.
2.BlueNot i
ce–t histypeofnot cei
i sissuedinor dertolocate,i
dent i
fyorobtaininformati
ononaper son
ofinteresti nacr i
mi nal i
nvest igati
on.
3.Gr eenNot i
ce– t o war naboutaper son'
scr iminalactivi
ti
esi fthatper sonisconsideredt obea
possibl ethreattopubl icsaf et y.
4.Yel low Not ice–t ohel pl ocatemi ssingper sons,of tenminors,ort ohelpi denti
fypersonswhoar e
unabl etoi dentif
yt hemsel ves.
5.BlackNot i
ce–anot iceissuedt oseeki nformationonuni denti
fiedbodies.
6.Or angeNot ice–t owar nofanev ent ,
aper son,anobj ectorapr ocessrepresenti
ngani mmi nentthr
eat
anddangert opersonsorpr oper ty
.
7.Pur pleNot i
ce–i ssuedt opr ovideinformat i
ononmodusoper andi,obj
ects,devicesandconceal ment
met hodsusedbycr i
mi nals.
8.INTERPOL–Uni tedNat ionsSecur i
tyCounci lSpecialNot i
ce–isi ssuedforindivi
dualsandent i
ti
esthat
aresubj ectt oUNsanct i
ons.

The fol
lowi ng are channels ofglobalbilateraland multi
lat
eralint
ernat
ionalcooper
ati
on agai
nst
tr
ansnationalcrime:
Global mult
i-
later
alcooperat
ionv i
aInterpol
;
Bilater
alpoli
cecooper at
ionagreement swithi
ndi
vidualst
ates;
Eur opeanmul t
il
ater
alcooperat
ionv i
aEur opol
.

*Syst
em ofpoli
cingthatser
vesasagr assrootapproachtobr
ingt
hepeopl
eandt
hepol
i
cet
oget
heri
n
cooperat
ivemanners:
Probl
em Orient
edPolici
ng
Communi t
yOr i
entedPoli
cing
Cooperat
ivePoli
cing
Team Pol
icing

I
NTERPOL’ sFOURCOREFUNCTI ONS
1.SecureGlobalPol
iceCommunicationsSer v
ices
I
NTERPOLdev el
opedtheI-
24/7gl obalpol
icecommunicat
ionssy
stem t
oexchangecr
uci
aldat
a
qui
cklyandsecurel
yisacornerst
oneofef f
ecti
vei
nter
nati
onall
awenfor
cement.

2.Operati
onalDataSer vi
cesandDatabasesforPoli
ce
I
NTERPOL pr ovi
des operat
ionaldata servi
ces and dat
abases for pol
i
ce tofi
ght
i
nternati
onalcrime,poli
ceneedaccesst oinfor
mationwhichcanassisti
nvest
igat
ionsorhel
pprev
ent
cri
me.I NTERPOLmanagessev er
aldatabases,accessi
bletotheINTERPOLbur eausinallmember
countri
esthroughit
sI-24/7.

3.Oper ati
onalPol iceSuppor tSer vices
a.24- HourSuppor t
TheCommandandCo- ordinati
onCent re(
CCC)operatesroundthecl
ockinallofINTERPOL’s
fourof f
ici
allanguages( Engli
sh,Fr ench,SpanishandArabi
c)andser v
esasthefi
rstpoi
ntofcont
actfor
anymembercount ryfacedwi t
hacr isi
ssit
uation.
b.CrisisResponseandMaj orEv ent s
Intheev entofadi sasterormaj orcr me,I
i NTERPOLResponseTeamsorDi sast
erVict
im
Identifi
cat
iont eamscomposedofof fi
cer
sfrom theGeneralSecr
etari
atandmembercountri
escanbe
dispatchedtot hescenewi thi
nhour sofanev ent.
c.Internat
ionalAl ertSystem
QuestRev
iewCent
er–Compar
ati
vePol
i
ceSy
stem 14
 Animpor tantcomponentofI NTERPOL’ soper ati
onalpol icesuppor tisthenoti
cesy st em,of
whi chtheRedNot i
cef orwant edper sonsi st hemostwel lknown.I naddi t
iontothesixcolor -coded
notices(Red,Blue,Gr een,Yell
ow,Bl ackandOr ange),i
st heINTERPOL- Unit
edNat i
onsSpecialNot i
ce
i
ssuedf orgroupsori ndivi
dual
swhoar ethet argetsofUNsanct ionsagai nstAlQaedaandtheTal i
ban.
d.Anal y
zingCrimeDat a
Cri
minalintell
igenceanal ysi
sisr ecognizedbyt helawenf orcementcommuni t
yasavaluabl etool,
helpingtoprovidet i
mel ywarningoft hr
eatsandoper ati
onalpol i
ceact ivi
ti
es.INTERPOLcontribut esto
i
nv esti
gati
onsbyassi sti
ngof f
icer swor ki
ngatt heGener alSecr etar
iatandi nmembercount rieswi th
researchandanal ysi
soncr imet rendsandwi thtrai
ningcoursesincr iminalanaly
sist
echni
ques.

Div
isionsofCr i
minalInt
ell
igenceAnal
ysis
a.Oper ati
onalAnalysis= ai msto achiev
ea specif
icl
aw enf
orcementoutcome.Usuall
y,i
t has
i
mmedi at
ebenefit
b.St r
ategicAnalysi
s=pr ov i
desearl
ywar ningsi
gnal
softhr
eat
sandt osupportdeci
sionmaki
ngin
set
tingpriori
ti
estodealwithcrimi
nali
ssues

4.Pol
iceTrai
ningandDevelopment
Asoneoft he4INTERPOLcoref
unct
ions,Pol
i
ceTr
aini
ngandDev
elopmentcont
inuest
oev
olv
e
asaprior
it
yforINTERPOLandmembercount
ries.

ASEANNATI ONALPOLICE(ASEANAPOL)
1981(Manil
a)=Thefi
rstf
ormal meet
ingofTheChief
sofASEANPolice
=Attendedby5or i
ginalmembercountr
ies( I
ndonesi
a,Malay
sia,Phi
li
ppi
nes,Si
ngapor
e and
Thai
land)

FIVEOTHERMEMBERS
1.Brunei 4.Myanmar
2.Cambodia 5.Vi
etnam
3.Lao

I
MPORTANTDATES
 1983( Jakar ta)=Endor sementoft hemodel &desi gnofASEANAPOLlogo
 1984( Kual aLumpur )=Roy alBr uneiPolicebecameamemberandj oi
nedtheannualconference
 1996( Kual aLumpur )=Vi etnam  j
oinedasanewmember
 1998( Brunei )=Laos  j
oinedASEANAPOL
 2000( My anmar )=My anmar  
becamet he10th countryt
ojoi
nedasanewmember
 2005( Bal i
)=Theset ti
ngupofawor kinggr oupt oconsi
derthev i
abil
it
yofest abl
ishinga
permanentASEANAPOLSecr etari
at
=Sil
v erJubi leeCommemor ationofASEANAPOL
 2008( Brunei )=TheRoy alMal aysiaPol i
cewaschosenasahostofper manentASEANAPOL
Secretariat
 2009( Viet nam)=Adopt ionofTer msofRef erence( TOR)
st
 2010 = On 1   January2010 commencementofASEANAPOL Secr etar
iatin Kuala Lumpur,
Malay sia

ORANIZATI
ON
1.ASEANAPOLEXECUTIVECOMMI TTEE=compri
seofdeputyheadsofdel
egat
ionattendi
ngtheannual
ASEANAPOLconf
erence.I
tpr
ovi
desasummaryrepor
tsoftheacti
vit
iesoft
heSecret
ariatt
otheHeadof
theDel
egat
ion

2.ASEANAPOLPERMANENTSECRETARI AT=isonr otat

ionalbasi
swithmembercountri
est
aki
ngturn
tohosttheASEANAPOLconf er
enceandautomati
cal
lyassumet herol
eofthesecr
etar
iatf
ort
hecur
rent
year
.
=headedbyexecut
ivedir
ect
orandassi
stedby2director
s

TenureofServi
ces 
a.Executi
veDir
ector-2y ear
s
b.Dir
ectors-3years 
(oneforPoli
ceSer
vicesandonef orPlansandPr ogr
ams
*Duri
ngthe29thASEANAPOLConf er
ence i
nHanoi,Vietnam i
n2009,theTermsofRef
erenceon
theestabli
shmentofASEANAPOLSecr etari
atwasf i
nal
lyendorsed. Kual
aLumpurwasmadet he
permanentseat.
 
*TheASEANAPOLSecr et
ari
atst
arteditsoperat
ionf
ullyonJanuary1,2010.

QuestRev
iewCent
er–Compar
ati
vePol
i
ceSy
stem 15