Q1. Write a C program to implement DDA Line Drawing Algorithm.

Source code:
#include<stdio.h>
#include<graphics.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<math.h>
int main(){
int gd=DETECT,gm,x1,y1,x2,y2,dx,dy,xinc,yinc,step,i=0;
initgraph(&gd,&gm,”NULL”);
printf("Enter the first co-ordinates - ");
scanf("%d%d",&x1,&y1);
printf("Enter the second co-ordinates - ");
scanf("%d%d",&x2,&y2);
dx=x2-x1;
dy=y2-y1;
if(abs(dx)>abs(dy)){
step=abs(dx);
}
else{
step=abs(dy);
}
xinc=dx/step;
yinc=dy/step;
do{
x1=x1+xinc;
y1=y1+yinc;
putpixel(x1,y1,RED);
i++;
}

1
 while(i<step);
getch();
}

Output:

TEACHER’S SIGNATURE

2
Q2. Write a C program to implement Bresenham’s Line Drawing
Algorithm.
Source code :
#include<stdio.h>
#include<graphics.h>
void drawline(int x0, int y0, int x1, int y1)
{
int dx, dy, p, x, y;
dx=x1-x0;
dy=y1-y0;
x=x0;
y=y0;
p=2*dy-dx;
while(x<x1)
{
if(p>=0)
{
putpixel(x,y,7);
y=y+1;
p=p+2*dy-2*dx;
}
else
{
putpixel(x,y,7);
p=p+2*dy;}
x=x+1;
}
getch();
}

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int main()
{
int gdriver=DETECT, gmode, error, x0, y0, x1, y1;
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, "NULL");
printf("Enter co-ordinates of first point: ");
scanf("%d%d", &x0, &y0);
printf("Enter co-ordinates of second point: ");
scanf("%d%d", &x1, &y1);
drawline(x0, y0, x1, y1);
return 0;
getch();
}

Output:

TEACHER’S SIGNATURE

4
Q3. Write a C program to implement Mid- Point Circle Drawing
Algorithm.
Source code :
#include<graphics.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
int x,y,x_mid,y_mid,radius,dp;
int g_mode,g_driver=DETECT;
initgraph(&g_driver,&g_mode,”NULL”);
printf("*********** MID POINT Circle drawing algorithm ********\n\n");
printf("\nenter the coordinates= ");
scanf("%d %d",&x_mid,&y_mid);
printf("\n now enter the radius =");
scanf("%d",&radius);
x=0;
y=radius;
dp=1-radius;
do
{
putpixel(x_mid+x,y_mid+y,YELLOW);
putpixel(x_mid+y,y_mid+x,YELLOW);
putpixel(x_mid-y,y_mid+x,YELLOW);
putpixel(x_mid-x,y_mid+y,YELLOW);
putpixel(x_mid-x,y_mid-y,YELLOW);
putpixel(x_mid-y,y_mid-x,YELLOW);
putpixel(x_mid+y,y_mid-x,YELLOW);
putpixel(x_mid+x,y_mid-y,YELLOW);

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if(dp<0) {
dp+=(2*x)+1;
}
else{
y=y-1;
dp+=(2*x)-(2*y)+1;
}
x=x+1;
}while(y>x);
getch();
}

Output:

TEACHER’S SIGNATURE

6
Q4. Write a C program to implement Ellipse Drawing Algorithm.
Source code :
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<math.h>
#include<graphics.h>
int main()
{
int gd=DETECT,gm;
float a,b,xc,yc,x,y,fx,fy,p,xm,ym;
printf("\nEnter the semi major axis(a,b):");
scanf("%f%f",&a,&b);
printf("\nEnter the center(xc,yc):");
scanf("%f%f",&xc,&yc);
initgraph(&gd,&gm,"NULL");
xm=getmaxx()/2;
ym=getmaxy()/2;
setbkcolor(WHITE);
setcolor(GREEN);
line(0,ym,2*xm,ym);
line(xm,0,xm,2*ym);
x=0,y=b;
fx=0,fy=2*a*a*b;
p=(b*b)-(a*a*b)+(a*a)/4.0;
xc+=xm;
yc=ym-yc;
putpixel((xc+x),(yc+y),1);
putpixel((xc-x),(yc+y),1);
putpixel((xc+x),(yc-y),1);

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putpixel((xc-x),(yc-y),1);
while(fx<fy)
{
x+=1;
fx=fx+2*b*b;
if(p>=0)
{
y-=1;
fy=fy-2*a*a;
}
if(p<0)
p=p+b*b+fx;
else
p=p+b*b+fx-fy;
putpixel((xc+x),(yc+y),1);
putpixel((xc-x),(yc+y),1);
putpixel((xc+x),(yc-y),1);
putpixel((xc-x),(yc-y),1);
}
p=(b*b)*pow((x+0.5),2)+(a*a)*pow((y-1),2)-(a*a)*(b*b);
while(y>0)
{
y-=1;
fy=fy-2*a*a;
if(p<0)
{
x+=1;
fx=fx+2*b*b;
}

8
if(p>=0)
p=p+a*a-fy;
else
p=p+a*a-fy+fx;
putpixel((xc+x),(yc+y),1);
putpixel((xc-x),(yc+y),1);
putpixel((xc+x),(yc-y),1);
putpixel((xc-x),(yc-y),1);
}
getch();
closegraph();
}

Output:

9
Q5. Write a C program to implement Scaling of a Triangle.
Source code :
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<graphics.h>
int main(){
int x,y,x1,y1,x2,y2;
int scl_fctr_x,scl_fctr_y;
int gd=DETECT,gm;
initgraph(&gd,&gm,"NULL");
printf("\t\t\t********** Scaling ***********\n");
printf("\n\t\t\t Please enter first coordinate of Triangle = ");
scanf("%d %d",&x,&y);
printf("\n\t\t\t Please enter second coordinate of Triangle = ");
scanf("%d %d",&x1,&y1);
printf("\n\t\t\t Please enter third coordinate of Triangle = ");
scanf("%d %d",&x2,&y2);
line(x,y,x1,y1);
line(x1,y1,x2,y2);
line(x2,y2,x,y);
printf("\n\t\t\t Now Enter Scaling factor x and y = ");
scanf("%d %d",&scl_fctr_x,&scl_fctr_y);
x = x* scl_fctr_x;
x1 = x1* scl_fctr_x;
x2 = x2* scl_fctr_x;
y = y* scl_fctr_y;
y1 = y1* scl_fctr_y;
y2= y2 * scl_fctr_y ;
line(x,y,x1,y1);

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line(x1,y1,x2,y2);
line(x2,y2,x,y);
getch();

closegraph();
}

Output:

TEACHER’S SIGNATURE

11
Q6. Write a C program to implement Translation of a line.
Source code:
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<math.h>
#include<graphics.h>
int main()
{
int xs,ys,xe,ye,tx,ty,x,y;
int gd=DETECT,gm;
printf("\nEnter the initial line position(xs,ys):");
scanf("%d%d",&xs,&ys);
printf("\nEnter the final line position(xe,ye):");
scanf("%d%d",&xe,&ye);
printf("\nEnter the translation vector(tx,ty):");
scanf("%d%d",&tx,&ty);
initgraph(&gd,&gm,"NULL");
setbkcolor(WHITE);
setcolor(GREEN);
x=getmaxx()/2;
y=getmaxy()/2;
line(0,y,2*x,y);
line(x,0,x,2*y);
setcolor(RED);
line(x+xs,y-ys,x+xe,y-ye);
xs+=tx;
xe+=tx;
ys+=ty;

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ye+=ty;
setcolor(5);
line(x+xs,y-ys,x+xe,y-ye);
getch();
closegraph();
}

Output:

TEACHER’S SIGNATURE

13
Q7. Write a C program to implement Rotation of a Line(Arbitrary
Point).
Source code:
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<graphics.h>
#include<math.h>
int main()
{
int xs,ys,xe,ye,xn,yn,x,y,a;
int gd=DETECT,gm;
printf("\nEnter the initial line position(xs,ys):");
scanf("%d%d",&xs,&ys);
printf("\nEnter the final line position(xe,ye):");
scanf("%d%d",&xe,&ye);
printf("\nEnter the rotation angle:");
scanf("%d",&a);
initgraph(&gd,&gm,"NULL");
x=getmaxx()/2;
y=getmaxy()/2;
setbkcolor(WHITE);
setcolor(GREEN);
line(0,y,2*x,y);
line(x,0,x,2*y);
setcolor(RED);
line(x+xs,y-ys,x+xe,y-ye);
xn=(xe*cos(a))-(ye*sin(a));
yn=(xe*sin(a))+(ye*cos(a));
setcolor(5);

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line(x+xs,y-ys,x+xn,y-yn);
getch();
closegraph();
}

Output:

TEACHER’S SIGNATURE

15
Q8. Write a C program to implement Reflection of a Triangle.
Source code:
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<graphics.h>
int main()
{
int x1,y1,x2,y2,x3,y3,x,y;
int gd=DETECT,gm;

printf("\nEnter the first co-ordinate of the triangle:");

scanf("%d%d",&x1,&y1);
printf("\nEnter the second co-ordinate of the triangle:");
scanf("%d%d",&x2,&y2);
printf("\nEnter the third co-ordinate of the triangle:");
scanf("%d%d",&x3,&y3);
initgraph(&gd,&gm,"NULL");
x=getmaxx()/2;
y=getmaxy()/2;
setbkcolor(WHITE);
setcolor(GREEN);
line(0,y,2*x,y);
line(x,0,x,2*y);
setcolor(RED);
line(x+x1,y-y1,x+x2,y-y2);
line(x+x2,y-y3,x+x3,y-y3);
line(x+x3,y-y3,x+x1,y-y1);
y1*=-1;

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y2*=-1;
y3*=-1;
setcolor(BLUE);
line(x+x1,y-y1,x+x2,y-y2);
line(x+x2,y-y3,x+x3,y-y3);
line(x+x3,y-y3,x+x1,y-y1);
getch();
closegraph();
}

Output:

17
Q9. Write a C program to implement Shearing of a Rectangle.
Source code :
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<graphics.h>
int main()
{
int gd=DETECT,gm;
int x1,y1,x2,y2,x3,y3,x4,y4,sh,x,y;
printf("\nEnter the 1st corner of the rectangle:");
scanf("%d%d",&x1,&y1);
printf("\nEnter the 2nd corner of the rectangle:");
scanf("%d%d",&x2,&y2);
printf("\nEnter the 3rd corner of the rectangle:");
scanf("%d%d",&x3,&y3);
printf("\nEnter the 4th corner of the rectangle:");
scanf("%d%d",&x4,&y4);
printf("\nEnter the shearing factor:");
scanf("%d",&sh);
initgraph(&gd,&gm,"NULL");
x=getmaxx()/2;
y=getmaxy()/2;
line(0,y,2*x,y);
line(x,0,x,2*y);
line(x+x1,y-y1,x+x2,y-y2);
line(x+x2,y-y2,x+x3,y-y3);
line(x+x3,y-y3,x+x4,y-y4);
line(x+x4,y-y4,x+x1,y-y1);
x1=x1+sh*y1;

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x2=x2+sh*y2;
x3=x3+sh*y3;
x4=x4+sh*y4;
line(x+x1,y-y1,x+x2,y-y2);
line(x+x2,y-y2,x+x3,y-y3);
line(x+x3,y-y3,x+x4,y-y4);
line(x+x4,y-y4,x+x1,y-y1);
getch();
closegraph();
}

Output:

19
Q10. Write a C program to implement Flood Fill Algorithm.
Source code:
#include<stdio.h>

#include<conio.h>

#include<graphics.h>

#include<dos.h>

void flood(int,int,int,int);

int main()

int gd=DETECT,gm;

initgraph(&gd,&gm,"NULL ");

rectangle(50,50,250,250);

flood(55,55,10,0);

getch();

void flood(int x,int y,int fillColor, int defaultColor)

if(getpixel(x,y)==defaultColor)

delay(1);

putpixel(x,y,fillColor);

flood(x+1,y,fillColor,defaultColor);

flood(x-1,y,fillColor,defaultColor);

flood(x,y+1,fillColor,defaultColor);

flood(x,y-1,fillColor,defaultColor);

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Output:

TEACHER’S SIGNATURE

21