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5 Bioinformatics

Bioinformatics is a branch of computer science that uses mathematical and statistical methods to analyze biological data. It combines fields like biology, computer science, mathematics and statistics. Bioinformatics analyzes DNA, RNA, protein and other macromolecule structures and sequences. It studies normal biological processes, causes of disease, and ways to improve biological functions like drug discovery. Bioinformatics databases compile and structure biological data globally for analysis using tools like sequence alignment and data mining.

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65 views23 pages

5 Bioinformatics

Bioinformatics is a branch of computer science that uses mathematical and statistical methods to analyze biological data. It combines fields like biology, computer science, mathematics and statistics. Bioinformatics analyzes DNA, RNA, protein and other macromolecule structures and sequences. It studies normal biological processes, causes of disease, and ways to improve biological functions like drug discovery. Bioinformatics databases compile and structure biological data globally for analysis using tools like sequence alignment and data mining.

Uploaded by

Omkar Kale
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Chapter 5

Introduction
Science of collection and
organizing biological data
is known as
Bioinformatics.
Cont..
It is a branch of Computer
Science that develops various
methods and software tools
to understand and analyze
biological data.
Mathematics

Medicine Biology

Algorithms
Statistics Bioinformaics Program

Text Mining Databases

Web
applications
Cont..
It combines the use of
mathematical, statistical and
computational methods to
analyze various types of
biological, molecular and
genetic data.
Cont..
To study various forms
of DNA structures and
Compositions.
Which Data?
 How DNA is formed and what is the
exact comp.?
 How does protein binding?
 How DNA causes genetic disorders and
how to prevent?
Definition
“The mathematical, statistical
and computational methods
that aim to solve biological
problems using DNA and amino
acid sequences and related
information”
Objectives
 Study normal biological processes.
 Analyze the cause of disease d of due to
malfunctioning biological processes.
 Design various approaches to improve biological
process.
 Aids in improving drug discovery techniques
 Helps in developing new drugs.
 Study and research in medicines for diseases like
cancer.
Bioinformatics Database
It refers to collection and
compilation of data which
is structured, presented
and cross referenced
across the globe.
Databases:
 Genbank, Uniprot: used in biological sequence
analysis
 Interpro, Pfam: used in finding protein families.
 Sequence Read Archieve: used for next generation
sequencing.
 GenoCAD: Used in design of synthetic genetic
circuits.
 PreDDICTA: Calculates drug DNA Interaction.
 Sanjeevani: Complete drug design software.
Classification of databases.
They can classified on the basis of
Data type
Data source
Database design
Special Categories
Brief Classification of Database
On the basis of type
 Genome Databases
 Sequence Databases
 Structure Databases
 Microarray Databases
 Chemical Databases
 Metabolic Databases
Brief Classification of Database
Enzyme Databases
Disease Databases
Literature Databases
Taxonomy Databases
Brief Classification of Database
On the basis of Data Source
 Primary Databases
 Secondary Databases
Special Categories
 Integrated Databases
 Composite Databases
Biological Databases
Types of Databases Information
Bibliographic database Literature
Taxonomic database Classification
Nucleic acid database DNA information
Genomic database Gene information
Protein database PROTEIN Information
Enzyme/ Metabolic Pathway Metabolic Information
Cont..
Bioinformatics database is essential
for research and development. It is
used in many essential
applications.
To solve existing biological
problems.
Concept of Bioinformatics
 It refers to its approach towards balancing
biology, mathematics and Computing to
ensure availability of compute and analyze
biological data.
 It provides understanding of molecular
biology, software programs coding and
decoding, genetic data analysis of DNA
structure and composition.
Cont.
Two major activities are Genomics and
proteomics.
 Genomics: refers to analysis of
genomes ie set of DNA sequence.
 Proteomics: refers to analysis of Set of
Proteins.
cont

Computers in
Bioinformatics
Impact of bioinformatics in Vaccine
Discovery
 Bioinformatics reduces the time and
cost required to develop high potency
drug with fewer side effects.
 E.G. Genomics: using genome
sequence of pathogen vaccine can be
created to cure diseases.
Helpful Vaccine informatics
support
 Analysis to help find good molecular targets for
vaccines.
 Private databases to help collect and organize lab
clinical data.
 Public databases and web works to help display and
analyze the results of clinical trials.
 Integrating in additional data from samples in clinical
trials into database.

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