International Journal of Current Trends in Engineering & Technology

ISSN: 2395-3152
Volume: 03, Issue: 03 (MAY– JUNE, 2017)

Experimental Study of Crumb Rubber in Semi Dense Bitumen Concrete

Ajay kumar1, Prof. Vinay Kumar Singh Chandrakar2, Dr. P. D. Porey3
Department of Civil Engineering
Patel Institute of Technology, Bhopal, India
1ajaykumar8mail[AT]gmail[DOT]com, 2vinaysingh313[AT]gmail[DOT]com, 3prakash.porey[AT]gmail[DOT]com

ABSTRACT: - Crumb rubber modified bitumen (CRMB) has more resistant to temperature variations weather and
been identified as a special type of bitumen whose high traffic loads, reduce maintenance costs and excellent
properties can be improved by the addition of crumb driving comfort [4].
rubber, thus improving the physical properties of bitumen.
This modifier makes bitumen more resistant to II. LITERATURE REVIEW
temperature variations, weather and high traffic loads; it Conventional bituminous materials executed their role
reduces the maintenance costs and improves driving adequately in the majority of the pavements. On the other
comfort. This paper reviewed the use of this modifier in hand, presented highway systems were facing the
pavement. enlarged traffic amount, elevated axle load, high tyre
stress and severe environmental impacts. The
Key words: - Crumb rubber, Bitumen, modifiers, circumstances were noticeable since the last 30 years,
Pavements, Durability, Marshal that the pavement was facing extra demands than earlier
than resulting in necessitate for an improvement in the
I. INTRODUCTION properties of bituminous materials. This chapter presents
The road traffic and the traffic intensity are increasing. In a brief review of literature on the topics related to
India, it is estimated that over 36 lakh kilometers of path bitumen additives, modified bituminous mixtures
be present and about 40% of this path has been having particularly using LDPE/CRMB modifiers, and
good surface and maintained. Transportation through engineering/rheological characteristics of bitumen and
road now got a leading and high rank between the several mixtures.
present means of transportation arrangement as it is
more comfortable and easy to use and more reliable with Yuqiao Yang at al (2016) three kinds of modified asphalt
high speed. Almost 90% of total traffic in our county were prepared by adding waste crumb rubber (WCR),
travels on road and 70% travels on freight transport. waste polyethylene (WPE), and WCR/WPE to base
Thus the load bearing capacities of the road is to be asphalt, respectively. 135°C, 165°C viscosity, was studied,
increased. There are two types of roads - flexible and the modification mechanism of modified asphalt was
pavements (bitumen roads) and rigid pavements discussed through 135°C viscosity of compound
(concrete roads)[3]. Flexible pavements (bitumen roads) modified asphalt is better than that of WPE and WCR
comprise of the major portion of all surfaced roads. In modified asphalt. In addition, the water proofness of
India, bulks of the roadways are made up of bitumen, as compound modified asphalt using waterproofing
they cost less in terms of initial cost when cost has been materials is better than that of common waterproofing
compared with the initial cost of rigid pavements which materials [1].
made up of cement concrete. Explorations in this and
different countries overseas have exposed that properties C. Prasanna kumar at al (2015) studied crumb rubber
influencing the characteristics of bituminous mixes were recycled rubber from automotive and truck scraps tires.
improved to congregate necessities of pavement with the During the recycling process steel and fluff is removed
insertion of persuaded additives or merge of additives. leaving tire rubber with a granular consistency. The
These additives can be called modifiers of bitumen and Tyres obtained from Vehicles and other rubber materials
the bitumen mixed with these modifiers is recognized as which are available in the places. Now days there are lot
modified bitumen. Modified bitumen is probable to of automobiles throughout the world as well as in India
provide superior life of surfacing (up to 100%) also to reduce the amount of usage of bitumen is very
depending upon quantity of amendment and type of much essential, in this direction the study is important.
additives and modification development used. Modifiers They study involves the characteristics of the crumb
which may be used can be Polymers, Natural Rubber and rubber when used along with bitumen. The different tests
Crumb Rubber. Crumb Rubber Modified Bitumen (CRMB) are conducted[2].
is a special type of bitumen whose properties has been
Vasudevan et al 2007, studied plastic waste consisting of
improved by the addition of crumb rubber and special
carry bags, cups and Thermopolis that can be used as a
types of additives like hydrocarbon additives, resins, etc.,
covering over aggregate and this covered stone can be
thus altering the physical properties of bitumen making it
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 International Journal of Current Trends in Engineering & Technology
ISSN: 2395-3152
Volume: 03, Issue: 03 (MAY– JUNE, 2017)

used for road construction. By this course a road of 1 km Point, Ductility, Flash and Fire, and Specific Gravity) of
length and 3.375 m width of single lane can uses 10, the sample were determined. Using the Marshal Mix
00000 carry bags and the road strength is increased by design characterization of conventional bituminous mix
100% and also there will not be any pot whole formation. (60/70) for Semi dense bituminous mix (SDBC) were
Penetration was reduced to a very low value and carried out and comparison was made for conventional
similarly the ductility. It has been inferred that the use of bitumen mix properties with modified bitumen. After
higher percentage (more than 3%) of plastics in polymer determining factors to be considered for modeling
modified bitumen is not favorable. The paper also studied modified bitumen in bituminous mix, a detailed plan for
use of crumb rubber waste as bitumen modifier. Waste the experimental program (sample preparation and lists
tyres were powdered and the powder is blended with of tests) was developed. We Perform test are Penetration
bitumen (80/100) heated to 100-120oC and stirred at test, Ductility test, Softening point test, Specific gravity
speed of 3000 rpm for 2-3 hours. This blend was used test, Flash and fire point test, Marshal Stability test.
along with plastic coated aggregate. The mix polymer
coated aggregate and tyre modified bitumen have shown IV. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
higher strength. The percentage of crumb rubber This chapter deals with results obtained for penetration,
modifier in the mix varies from 1% to 5%.The work done softening, ductility, flash and fire and specific gravity
by Vasudevan et al (2007) is similar to this work. tests on 60-70 grade Bitumen and modified bitumen. Also
However this work differs from Vasudevan et al (2007) in the results obtained from Marshal Stability test, on
that used LDPE/CRMB on SDBC, used different grade various samples for Semi Dense Bituminous Concrete
bitumen and taken higher percentage of modifier w. r. t. (SDBC).Ministry of Road, Transport and Highways
the bitumen weight [5]. (MORTH) which provides specifications for all roads and
bridge works. In this chapter experimental results are
III. RESEARCH AND EXPERIMENTAL PROGRAM compared with MORTH specifications for Semi Dense
Laboratory experiments were conducted on the Bituminous Concrete (SDBC). According to MORTH
conventional bitumen (60/70) and modified bitumen specification, SDBC should have following characteristics
samples. Individual properties (Penetration, Softening as specified in table 1 and 2.

Table: 1 result obtained from marshal stability mix design for SDBC with 60/70 grade bitumen

Table2: It is therefore inferred that 9% CRMB admixture saves bitumen content,

Without adversely affecting Marshal Stability Value.

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 International Journal of Current Trends in Engineering & Technology
ISSN: 2395-3152
Volume: 03, Issue: 03 (MAY– JUNE, 2017)

Figure1: Bitumen % Vs Marshal Stability Value Figure5: Bitumen % Vs Voids filled with bitumen

Figure6: Bitumen % Vs Marshal Stability Value

Figure 2: Bitumen %Vs Flow value

Figure7: Bitumen %Vs Flow value

Figure3: Bitumen % Vs density

Figure8: Bitumen % Vs Air voids %

Figure4: Bitumen % Vs Air voids %

V. CONCLUSIONS & SCOPE

It has been observed that when the crumb rubber is
mixed with 60/70 grade bitumen with varying (3, 6, 9
and 12) % the penetration value, ductility, flash and fire,
specific gravity and softening point changed. As discussed
earlier in chapter 4 it is shown in all experiments that the
penetration, ductility decreased and softening point and
specific gravity values are increased. Figure9: Bitumen % Vs VFB %
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 International Journal of Current Trends in Engineering & Technology
ISSN: 2395-3152
Volume: 03, Issue: 03 (MAY– JUNE, 2017)
AS the % of CRMB increases the penetration and ductility for Department of Road Transport & Highways,
decreases more and softening point and specific gravity Ministry of Shipping, Road Transport &Highways
values increases more. While in the case of flash and fire New Delhi 2001.
point values first it increases and then decreases for [7]. Vasudevan R., Rajasekaran S., Study of the
increasing % of CRMB. The following conclusions are construction of flexible road using plastic coated
drawn from the present study. Analysis of this study aggregate 2005.
observed that the Marshal Stability values and flow value [8]. Yadav Kajal, Sangita and Chandra A, Identification,
of bituminous mix are increased due to addition of CRMB. Characterization and Quantification of Elastomeric
CRMB modified bitumen higher marshal stability value is /Plastomeric Waste for Sustainable Waste
obtained when 9% CRMB is added to the mix. CRMB Minimization American Journal of Environmental
Modified Bitumen mix shows better Marshal Stability Sciences 1 (3): pp-202-205, 2005.
value (1284 kg) than ordinary (60/70 grade) bituminous [9]. T. Awwad Mohammad and Shbeeb Lina the Use of
mix (967 kg). The Marshal stability value increases for Polyethylene in Hot Asphalt Mixtures, American
CRMB 6%, 9%, 12% by 22.17%, 31.42%, 24.22% Journal of Applied Sciences 4 (6): pp-390-396, 2007.
respectively at 6.00% bitumen (60/70 grade) content. It [10]. Sundarakannan B. Utilization of Waste Polymer
is also observed that the air voids decreases which are Flexible Pavement Disposal of Waste Polymers,
good for strength and life of the road and the VFB (void International Conference on Sustainable Solid
filled with bitumen) is increased by % of bitumen. Waste Management, 5 - 7, Chennai, India. Pp-105-
Optimum binder content reduces to 5% with optimum 111, September 2007.
dose of CRMB (9%) in comparison to ordinary [11]. Sabina, KhanTabrez A, Sangita, Sharma D .K., Sharma
bituminous mix (6%). In present study work is done on B.M, Performance Evolution of Waste Plastic/
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bitumen and modified with addition of CRMB for Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research Vol. 68,
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such as Natural rubber, Latex powder, waste polymer, [12]. Shankar S., Prasad C.S.R.K., September2009,
HDPE additives to modify bitumen could be considered. Evaluation of rutting potential for crumb rubber
Use of LDPE, CRMB and LDPE + CRMB and CRMB+HDPE modified bitumen in asphaltic mixes. Emirates
can be used for dense bituminous concrete and Journal for Engineering Research, 14 (2), pp- 91-95
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[13]. Neutag L University Wuppertal, Pavement Research
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