MIR2012 Lec4
MIR2012 Lec4
Term II – 2012
Topic 4:
Motion Artifacts
-1
Time
k-Space Space
Motion Artifact in MRI
Motion artifacts result when the patient moves
during MR acquisition
Physiological/voluntary motion
Motion artifact manifests itself in the image as severe
blurring that usually mandates the scan to be
repeated
Costly in addition to added discomfort to the patient
Postprocessing techniques can be used
Time consuming and inefficient in many cases
No considered practical for clinical use
Types of Motion Artifacts
Intra-slice: motion during acquisition of a slice
causes k-space of a given image to contain magnitude and
phase errors
Inter-slice: motion in between acquisition of whole
slices
causes repeated acquisitions of the same slice to be different
These two types have been treated separately in the
literature
Inter-slice motion is simpler to correct for using
registration techniques (e.g., AIR)
Intra-Slice Inter-Slice
Average
Intra-Slice Motion Suppression
Intra-slice motion artifact suppression is a challenging
problem
k-space “pieces” are more difficult to register!
Among the most successful techniques used to
estimate motion is the navigator echo (NAV)
technique.
Most practical for clinical use.
The original formulation relies on acquiring an extra
line in the center of k-space along the kx or ky
directions to detect motion in that direction.
Classical Navigator Echo*
Acquire the navigator (NAV) echo line in the center
of the k-space with every k-space section.
Each represents the Fourier transform of a projection of the
image
Register the two NAV lines together to estimate
motion along the NAV direction
Ky=0 Ky=0
Acquisition with
overlapped segments
Motion
Estimation &
Correction
Motion-free
Average
Motion Estimation
Identify the area of overlap under the assumption of a
general in-plane rigid body transformation
Estimate rotation from magnitude of overlap area
Correlation based methodology
Estimate translation from phase of overlap area
fNAV estimation method
Proposed Method
Rotation Estimation
Gridding
Corrected Image
Experimental Verification Using
Numerical Simulations
Simulated motion data were obtained from evaluating
the analytical form of the Shepp-Logan phantom with
different motion as well as simulating motion on real
MRI head images.
Matrix: 128, Band size=16 with 50% overlap.
Random translational and rotational motion parameters
were simulated for each band
Reconstruction is performed using conventional
gridding method to account for nonuniformity of
sampling after motion
Simulated Data
Estimated vs. real motion
Translation Rotation
Distorted Corrected
* Acquired by author at BITC - Emory/Georgia Tech Biomedical Engineering, Atlanta, GA, U.S.A.
Real Data
No Motion Motion
Distorted
Difference
Corrected between
Corrected and
Distorted
Discussion
Two problems were observed in the reconstruction
phase of the developed method
Problem 1: Existence of k-space voids
Missing k-space data
Undesired variations in the SNR within k-space
Problem 2: Long reconstruction time
Rotation requires regridding according to estimated motion
A new reconstruction table has to be computed each time
Exercise
Write a short literature review section on the methods used
for inter-slice motion correction in MRI with references.
Would the proposed method be possible to extend for use
with CT data where acquisition lines are radial? Explain your
answer.
Use the data set on the class web site to show that 2D
translational motion does not affect the magnitude of k-space
and that such motion can be estimated by correlation based
method.
Do a literature search on the topic of motion artifacts in ONE
medical imaging modality of your choice and come up with a
list of relevant references related to the subject including both
research papers and patents.