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Integral Calculus Formula Sheet

This document provides a summary of key integral calculus formulas: 1) The Fundamental Theorem of Calculus states that the derivative of an antiderivative is equal to the original function and defines the relationship between integrals and derivatives. 2) Derivative rules are listed for common functions like polynomials, trigonometric functions, exponentials, and logarithms. 3) Properties of integrals include formulas for integrating constant multiples, sums, and products of functions.

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Ainaa Maisarah
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
145 views2 pages

Integral Calculus Formula Sheet

This document provides a summary of key integral calculus formulas: 1) The Fundamental Theorem of Calculus states that the derivative of an antiderivative is equal to the original function and defines the relationship between integrals and derivatives. 2) Derivative rules are listed for common functions like polynomials, trigonometric functions, exponentials, and logarithms. 3) Properties of integrals include formulas for integrating constant multiples, sums, and products of functions.

Uploaded by

Ainaa Maisarah
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Integral 

Calculus Formula Sheet  Fundamental Theorem of Calculus: 

d x
F ' x  f  t  dt  f  x   where  f  t   is a continuous function on [a, x]. 
dx  a
Derivative Rules: 

d d
c   0    x n   nx n 1  
 f  x  dx  F  b   F  a  , where F(x) is any antiderivative of f(x). 
  b
dx dx
a
d d
 sin x   cos x  cos x    sin x  
dx
d
dx
d
d x
 a   a x ln a
 sec x   sec x tan x  csc x    csc x cot x dx Riemann Sums: 
dx
d
dx
d
d x
e   ex   n n b n

dx
 tan x   sec2 x  
dx
 cot x    csc 2 x   dx
 ca
i 1
i  c  ai
i 1
 f ( x)dx  lim  f (a  ix)x
n 
a i 1
d d d d d n n n

dx
cf  x    c f  x  
dx dx
f  x   g  x    f  x     g  x  
dx dx a i  bi   ai   bi   x  b  a  
i 1 i 1 i 1 n
 f g d
f  g   f   g  f  g 
f

g
 

  fg 
g2 dx
    
f g x   f  g x  g  x 
n

1  n
  height of ith rectangle    width of ith rectangle 
i
i 1 Right Endpoint Rule:
  n
n(n  1)
i 
n n

Properties of Integrals:  i 1 2  f (a  ix)(x)   (
i 1 i 1
(b  a )
n
) f (a  i (b n a ) )
n
n(n  1)(2n  1)
i 2
 Left Endpoint Rule:
 kf (u )du  k  f (u )du   f (u )  g (u )du   f (u )du   g (u )du i 1 6 n n

a b a n
 n( n  1) 
2
 f (a  (i  1)x)(x)   ( (b a )
) f (a  (i  1) (bn a ) )

n
i 
 f ( x)dx  0    f ( x)dx    f ( x)dx  
3
 i 1 i 1
i 1  2  Midpoint Rule:
a a b

 f (a    x)(x)   (  
c b c b n n
( i 1)  i (ba ) ( i 1)  i (ba )
1 ) f (a 
 f ( x)dx   f ( x)dx   f ( x)dx  
a a b
f ave 
b  a a
f ( x) dx  
i 1
2
i 1
n 2 n )

a a a  

a
f ( x)dx  2  f ( x) dx  if f(x) is even 
0

a
f ( x) dx  0  if f(x) is odd 
Net Change: 
b f (b )

 g ( f ( x)) f ( x)dx   g (u )du    udv  uv   vdu  


b b t t

a f (a)
Displacement:  v ( x) dx   
a
Distance Traveled:  v( x) dx   
a
s (t )  s (0)   v( x)dx   Q (t )  Q (0)   Q( x)dx
0 0
 
 
Integration Rules: 
Trig Formulas: 

 du  u  C  sin u du   cos u  C sin 2 ( x)  12 1  cos(2 x)   


sin x 1 cos(  x )  cos( x )   sin 2 ( x)  cos 2 ( x)  1
du 1 u tan x 
  sec x   
u n 1
 u du  n  1  C
n
 cos u du  sin u  C a  u2 a
2
 arctan    C
a
cos x cos x
cos x 1 sin( x )   sin( x )   tan 2 ( x)  1  sec 2 ( x)
cos 2 ( x)  12 1  cos(2 x)    cot x    csc x 
 sec u du  tan u  C u  
2
du
du
 u  ln u  C  a 2  u 2  arcsin  a   C sin x sin x
 csc u   cot u  C
2
 

 e du  e  C u
u u
du 1
 csc u cot u du   csc u  C  u u 2  a 2  a arc sec  a   C Geometry Fomulas: 
1 u
 a du  a C    sec u tan u du  sec u  C  
u

ln a Area of a Square:  Area of a Triangle:  Area of an  Area of a Circle:  Area of a 


  A  s2   A  12 bh   Equilateral Trangle: A   r2   Rectangle: 
A 3
s2   A  bh  
4
 
   
Areas and Volumes:  Integration by Parts: 
 
Area in terms of x (vertical rectangles):  Area in terms of y (horizontal rectangles):  Knowing which function to call u and which to call dv takes some practice.  Here is a general guide: 
b d
1
 (top  bottom)dx    (right  left )dy       u    Inverse Trig Function   ( sin x, arccos x, etc ) 
a c         Logarithmic Functions   ( log 3 x, ln( x  1), etc ) 
General Volumes by Slicing:  Disk Method: 
( x , x  5,1/ x, etc ) 
3
        Algebraic Functions  
Given: Base and shape of Cross‐sections  For volumes of revolution laying on the axis with 
b slices perpendicular to the axis          Trig Functions     ( sin(5 x ), tan( x ), etc ) 
V   A( x )dx  if slices are vertical  b 3x 3x
V     R ( x )  dx  if slices are vertical      dv    Exponential Functions   ( e ,5 , etc ) 
2
a
d a Functions that appear at the top of the list are more like to be u, functions at the bottom of the list are more like to be dv. 
V   A( y )dy  if slices are horizontal  d
V     R ( y )  dy  if slices are horizontal 
2
c  
  c

Washer Method:  Shell Method:  Trig Integrals: 


For volumes of revolution not laying on the axis with  For volumes of revolution with slices parallel to the  Integrals involving sin(x) and cos(x):  Integrals involving sec(x) and tan(x): 
slices perpendicular to the axis  axis  1. If the power of the sine is odd and positive:  1. If the power of   sec( x ) is even and positive:  
b b Goal:   u  cos x   Goal: u  tan x  
V     R ( x)     r ( x)  dx  if slices are vertical  V   2 rhdx  if slices are vertical 
2 2
i. Save a  du  sin( x ) dx    
i. Save a  du  sec ( x ) dx    
2

a a ii. Convert the remaining factors to 
d d ii. Convert the remaining factors to 
cos( x ) (using  sin 2 x  1  cos 2 x .)   
V     R ( y )     r ( y )  dy  if slices are horizontal  V   2 rhdy  if slices are horizontal 
2 2
tan( x )  (using  sec x  1  tan x .)   
2 2

c c 2. If the power of the cosine is odd and positive: 2. If the power of  tan( x ) is odd and positive: 


  Goal: u  sin x   Goal: u  sec( x )  
i. Save a  du  cos( x ) dx   i. Save a  du  sec( x ) tan( x ) dx  
Physical Applications:  ii. Convert the remaining factors to  ii. Convert the remaining factors to 
sin( x ) (using  cos 2 x  1  sin 2 x .)   
sec( x )  (using  sec x  1  tan x .)   
2 2
Physics Formulas  Associated Calculus Problems 
Mass:  Mass of a one‐dimensional object with variable linear  3. If both  sin( x )  and  cos( x ) have even powers:   If there are no sec(x) factors and the power of 
Mass = Density * Volume      (for 3‐D objects)  density:  Use the half angle identities:   tan(x) is even and positive, use  sec x  1  tan x
2 2

Mass = Density * Area           (for 2‐D objects)  b b
i. sin ( x ) 
2 1
1  cos(2 x )                 to convert one  tan x to  sec x  
2 2

Mass = Density * Length       (for 1‐D objects)  Mass   (linear density ) dx


    ( x)dx  
2

a distance a ii. cos ( x ) 


2 1
1  cos(2 x)     Rules for sec(x) and tan(x) also work for csc(x) and 
2
cot(x) with appropriate negative signs
 
If nothing else works, convert everything to sines and cosines. 
Work:  Work to stretch or compress a spring (force varies): 
 
Work = Force * Distance  b b b

Work = Mass * Gravity * Distance    Work   ( force)dx   F ( x)dx   kx


 dx   Trig Substitution: 
Work = Volume * Density * Gravity * Distance  a a a Hooke ' s Law
for springs
Expression  Substitution  Domain  Simplification 
  
Work to lift liquid:  a2  u2   u  a sin       a 2  u 2  a cos   
d
2 2
  
Work   ( gravity )(density )(distance) ( area of a slice) dy a2  u2   u  a tan       a 2  u 2  a sec   
   2 2
c volume
 
d u 2  a2   u  a sec    0     ,  u 2  a 2  a tan   
2
W   9.8*  * A( y ) *(a  y )dy (in metric)  
c
 
Force/Pressure:  Force of water pressure on a vertical surface: 
Force = Pressure * Area  d Partial Fractions: 
Pressure = Density * Gravity * Depth  Force   ( gravity )( density )(depth) ( width) dy Linear factors:  Irreducible quadratic factors:
 
c P( x) A B Y Z P( x) Ax  B Cx  D Wx  X Yx  Z
area
     ...        ...  2   
d ( x  r1 ) m ( x  r1 ) ( x  r1 )2 ( x  r1 ) m1 ( x  r1 ) m ( x 2  r1 ) m ( x 2  r1 ) ( x 2  r1 ) 2 ( x  r1 ) m 1 ( x 2  r1 ) m
F   9.8*  *(a  y ) * w( y )dy (in metric) If the fraction has multiple factors in the denominator, we just add the decompositions.
c
 
 

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