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NOTES (2023-2024) Subject: Physics Lab Manual Class: Xii Sec: Activity No.1

1. The document describes an experiment to measure resistance, voltage (AC/DC), current (AC) and check continuity of a given circuit using a multimeter. 2. The apparatus includes carbon resistors, a standard resistance coil, battery eliminator, step-down transformer, and a multimeter. 3. The procedure measures the resistance of carbon resistors using color codes, measures DC and AC voltages from different sources, and checks continuity in parts of a circuit.

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Mohammed Kashif
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548 views5 pages

NOTES (2023-2024) Subject: Physics Lab Manual Class: Xii Sec: Activity No.1

1. The document describes an experiment to measure resistance, voltage (AC/DC), current (AC) and check continuity of a given circuit using a multimeter. 2. The apparatus includes carbon resistors, a standard resistance coil, battery eliminator, step-down transformer, and a multimeter. 3. The procedure measures the resistance of carbon resistors using color codes, measures DC and AC voltages from different sources, and checks continuity in parts of a circuit.

Uploaded by

Mohammed Kashif
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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NOTES (2023-2024)

Subject: Physics Lab manual Class: XII Sec:


ACTIVITY NO.1

Aim
To measure resistance, voltage (AC/DC), current (AC) and check continuity of a given circuit
using multimeter.

Apparatus

Three carbon resistors, one standard resistance coil, a battery eliminator with tapping (2 V, 4
V and 6 V), a step down transformer (6-0-6 V) with two tapping (2 V and 4 V), a resistor of
100 ohm, a plug key and multimeter.

Theory

Multimeter. It is a single measuring device acting as an Ammeter, a Voltmeter and an


Ohmmeter. For this reason, it is also called AVO meter.
It can measure alternating as well as direct current and alternating as well as direct voltage in
addition to resistance. For this purpose, its panel is divided into five different sections. There
are many ranges in each section so that it can measure from micro (10 -6) to mega (106) units.
Rotation of a knob changes the section and the range in one section.
— Rotation of knob for change in ammeter range, brings shunt resistances of different values
in circuit in parallel with the coil.
— Rotation of knob for change in voltmeter range, brings series resistances of different
values in circuit in series with the coil.
— Rotation of knob for change in ohmmeter range, brings different resistances in circuit in
series with the multimeter cell.
1. Carbon resistors are frequently used in electrical and electronic circuits and their values
vary over a very wide range. A colour code is used to indicate the value of the
resistance.

2. A carbon resistance has four different concentric coloured rings or bands on its surface.
The first three bands a, b and c determine the value of the resistance and the fourth
band d gives the percentage of accuracy called tolerance. The resistance of carbon
resistor R = (ab x 10c ± T %) Ω.

Procedure

1. Mark the given carbon resistors as R1,R2, R3.


2. Note the colour of first, second, third and fourth ring for each resistor.
3. Plug in the probes of the multimeter in appropriate terminals. Select the appropriate
range, short the other ends of probes and adjust zero. Turn the terminal marked
‘Adjust’ such that the needle of the meter shows full scale deflection and reads zero
ohm.
4. Separate the metallic ends of the probes. Insert the resistor R 1 to be measured in
between the metallic ends of the two probes and read the deflection of the pointer on
the range selected.
5. Repeat the step 4 for other resistors R2and R3 each time selecting the appropriate
range and testing the zero.

Now convert using the colour code table, the values of resistors in ohms and write their
values with tolerance.

(b) D.C. Voltage

1. Select a D.C. source of potential difference, 6 V battery eliminator or a battery.


2. Plug the probes black in com and red in +.
3. Select D.C. volt, by turning the selector switch to range 10 V D.C. volts,
4. Touch and press other ends of probes such that red is on battery terminal marked +
and black on - and not the reading.
5. Insert red probe in terminals marked 4 V, 2 V in succession and note readings.

(c) A.C. Volts

1. Turn the selector A.C. (200 Volt).


2. Touch and press the probes other ends to two terminals of A.C. source of potential
drop and note the reading.
3. Use red probe in terminals 4 V and 2 V in succession and record the reading.

(d) Continuity of given circuit 

1. Set the selector switch to ohm, range MΩ.


2. Touch and press the ends of probes at A and B, full scale deflection indicates
continuity.
3. Similarly check in succession the continuity between terminals B and C and terminals C
and D.
Never place the probes ends between terminals connected with the terminals of the
battery.
In digital electronic multimeter for continuity test rotor is set to mark 0 and a buzzer ,
sounds when probes are connected to ends of components tested.

INFERENCE:

1. The measured values by multimeter match with decoded values of resistors.


2. A.C. and D.C. voltages marked on voltage sources match with voltage measured by
multimeter.

PRECAUTIONS:

1. Instructions for handling the multimeter should be gone through thoroughly as it is a


very handy instrument and is likely to get damaged if carelessly or ignorantly used.
2. Select the appropriate parameter current, voltage or resistance to the measured and
set it on appropriate range.
3. If range of the parameter measured is not known, start with maximum. For measuring
V, never connect more than maximum 600 V.

Diagram

OBSERVATIONS
(a) For Measurement of Resistance :

(b) Measurement of Voltage:


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