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    02-Basic Soil Physical Properties-PSD and Soil Texture

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    irfandy andy17
    This document discusses soil particle size distribution and texture, which are basic physical properties of soil. It defines particle size distribution as the proportions of clay, silt, and sand particles in a soil. Soil texture refers to the specific percentages of these three fractions that make up a soil. Particle size distribution and texture influence many other soil properties, like water and air capacity, nutrient retention, erodibility and more. The document explores methods of determining texture in the lab and field and explains the significance of texture class on soil behavior and plant growth.

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    02-Basic Soil Physical Properties-PSD and Soil Texture

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    irfandy andy17
    28 views38 pages
    This document discusses soil particle size distribution and texture, which are basic physical properties of soil. It defines particle size distribution as the proportions of clay, silt, and sand particles in a soil. Soil texture refers to the specific percentages of these three fractions that make up a soil. Particle size distribution and texture influence many other soil properties, like water and air capacity, nutrient retention, erodibility and more. The document explores methods of determining texture in the lab and field and explains the significance of texture class on soil behavior and plant growth.

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    This document discusses soil particle size distribution and texture, which are basic physical properties of soil. It defines particle size distribution as the proportions of clay, silt, and sand particles in a soil. Soil texture refers to the specific percentages of these three fractions that make up a soil. Particle size distribution and texture influence many other soil properties, like water and air capacity, nutrient retention, erodibility and more. The document explores methods of determining texture in the lab and field and explains the significance of texture class on soil behavior and plant growth.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    28 views38 pages

    02-Basic Soil Physical Properties-PSD and Soil Texture

    Uploaded by

    irfandy andy17
    This document discusses soil particle size distribution and texture, which are basic physical properties of soil. It defines particle size distribution as the proportions of clay, silt, and sand particles in a soil. Soil texture refers to the specific percentages of these three fractions that make up a soil. Particle size distribution and texture influence many other soil properties, like water and air capacity, nutrient retention, erodibility and more. The document explores methods of determining texture in the lab and field and explains the significance of texture class on soil behavior and plant growth.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 38

    Basic soil physical

    properties
    1. PARTICLE-SIZE DISTRIBUTION
    What is PSD?

     Particle-size distribution (sebaran ukuran partikel), yaitu proporsi


    partikel berukuran fraksi liat, debu dan pasir
     Masing-masing fraksi ini memiliki ukuran yang disepakati
    (terstandarisasi)
     Perimbangan (proporsi) fraksi-fraksi ini berbeda pada setiap tanah,
    tergantung dari batuan induk pembentuknya, dan berbeda antara
    lapisan permukaan dan lapisan di bawahnya
     PSD merupakan sifat dasar yang banyak memengaruhi sifat-sifat
    tanah lainnya
     PSD merupakan sifat yang bersifat permanen, tidak berubah oleh
    manajemen, kecuali tercuci atau tererosi
    What is PSD?
    It is a measure of how much a soil contains the various sizes of
    particles, i.e. sand (coarse, medium, fine & very fine sands), silt (of
    different sizes) and clay particles. → See particle size classification.

    Soil separate particle diameter (mm)


    ____________________________
    Sand . . . . . . . . . 2.0 - 0.05
    Silt . . . . . . . . . . 0.05 - 0.002
    Clay . . . . . . . . . . <0.002

    ▪ Padatan tanah: SAND


    ▪ Partikel-partikel tanah
    ▪ Bahan organik SILT CLAY
    ▪ Pori tanah (ruang di antara
    partikel-partikel padatan)
    Comparison between sand, silt, and clay
    Ukuran partikel-partikel yang bisa kita temukan di
    dalam tanah (klasifikasi internasional)

    Tanah Fraksi kasar muka


    bumi
    Berbagai sistem klasifikasi ukuran pertikel
    tanah di dunia
    Characteristics of sand

     Gritty feel
     Can be seen with the naked eye
     Hand sampling:
     No residue left on hand
    Characteristics of silt

     Dry: Powdery smooth feel, flour-like


     Wet: Creamy slick, slippery feel
     No sticky or plastic feel
     Can be seen with a hand lens or microscope
     Hand sampling:
     Coats hand, able to brush off
    Characteristics of clay

     Dry: Hard feel


     Wet: Sticky, plastic feel
     Can be seen with an electron microscope
     Hand Sampling:
     Sticks to fingers
    Fine Textured Soil

     Large amounts of silt and clay, making it "muddy"


    when wet
     Pore spaces are small, but numerous and hold more
    water
     As clay soils begin to dry, they may still hold large
    quantities of water, but adhesive and cohesive
    properties of water make it unavailable for root
    uptake
    Fine Textured Soil
    Clay particles under electrone microscope
    Coarse Textured Soil

    Large pore spaces, allows water to


    easily run through it beyond the reach of
    roots
    Drought-prone
    Little
    surface area for the particle
    volume, reducing fertility
    Coarse Textured Soil

    Sand does not


    form a ball
    Shapes of sand particles (taken from Brady, 1990)
    Loamy Soil

     A mix of sand, silt, and


    clay that optimizes
    agricultural productivity
    Importance General Influence of Soil Separates on
    of PSD Properties and Behaviors of Soils
    Property/Behavior Sand Silt Clay

    Water holding Low Med-high high

    Aeration Good Med Poor

    OM decomposition Fast Med Slow

    Water erosion potential Low High Low

    Compact-ability Low Med High

    Sealing (ponds) Poor Poor Good

    Nutrient supplying Poor Med-high High

    Pollutant leaching High Med Low


    PSD menentukan luas permukaan tanah
    per satuan berat atau volume tanah

     Luas permukaan
    berbanding
    terbalik dengan
    ukuran partikel
    Soil particle size range: its influence on
    the number of particles per gram of soil
    and surface area in 1 gram of soil
    Pentingnya luas permukaan partikel tanah

    Luas permukaan
    Daya adsorbsi
    Pengembangan & pengerutan
    Plastisitas
    Kohesi

    Sifat-sifat ini banyak


    menentukan sifat- Kolloid Liat Debu Pasir
    sifat tanah lainnya liat
    Particle Size and Surface Area

     As particle size decreases, surface area increases


     Clay has about 10,000 times as much surface area as sand
     Surface area has a big effect on:
     Water holding capacity
     Chemical reactions
     Soil cohesion
     Ability to support microorganisms
    PSD menentukan ketersediaan air
    bagi tanaman

     Pertumbuhan akar mengikuti


    ketersediaan air dan udara (O2)
     Tanah dengan tekstur loam memiliki
    ketersediaan air dan udara lebih besar
    dari pada tanah dengan tekstur pasir
    Soil Particles

     Soils vary in the size of the particles


    they contain, the amount of
    space between these particles,
    and how rapidly water flows
    through them.
    Basic soil physical
    properties
    2. SOIL TEXTURE
    What is soil texture?
     Texture is the relative proportions of particles of various sizes, the
    three particle-size fractions, i.e. sand, silt and clay in the soil.
     Soil texture is a summation of proportions of sand, silt and clay
    content.
     Soil texture is a very stable characteristic that influences soil
    biophysical properties.
     Soil texture is interrelated with the soil fertility and soil quality in the
    long term. The soil texture is associated with soil porosity, which in
    turn regulates the water holding capacity, gaseous diffusion and water
    movement that determines the soil health.
     Texture influences the ease with which soil can be worked.
    Ukuran partikel memengaruhi kecepatan
    pergerakan air dan kapilaritas tanah

    Sifat ini penting dalam


    pengaturan air untuk
    irigasi
    Perbedaan tekstur menyebabkan perbedaan
    ketersediaan air bagi tanaman

    qv (m3 m-3)
    qv (m m)

    Air tersedia
    untuk tanaman
    Soil texture is a key basic physical
    soil properties
     However, soil texture is a permanent property, not
    manageable
     Hence, for example to improve water holding capacity
    of sandy soils, organic matter must be increased through
    appropriate soil and land management
     Sand and silt are dominantly quartz (SiO2) and other
    primary minerals resistant to weathering. Therefore,
    sandy silty soils are infertile, have relatively low chemical
    activity, their nutrient-supplying ability is insignificant.
    Sand + Silt + Clay
    20 % Sand = 100%
    30 % Silt
    50 % Clay Texture = Clay

    Texture
    classes
    Menentukan tekstur tanah (Lab.)

    Segitiga Tekstur Jawablah:


    Tentukan tekstur tanah anda bila:

     Kandungan liat = 35%


     Kandungan debu = 40%
     Kandungan pasir = 25 %
    Tekstur sangat penting!
    Bisakah ditentukan di lapangan? BISA!

    Clay loam Clay


    Loam soil
    forms a ribbon forms a long
    forms a good that breaks
    cast when moist fexible ribbon
    somewhat easily
    Texture by
    Feel
    Metode estimasi tekstur berdasarkan suspensi tanah
    dalam botol
    Laboratory methods
    Prosedur pengukuran partikel tanah meliputi beberapa tahapan
    sbb:
     Sampling tanah secara tepat di lapangan, mewakili areal dan
    kedalaman tanah yang ingin diketahui PSD-nya
     Pengeringan tanah (kering udara) [analisis kadar air dapat
    dilakukan kemudian]
     Pengayakan tanah untuk mendapatkan material <2 mm (fine
    earth = tanah)
     Aplikasi dispersan (misalnya Calgon) untuk memudahkan
    proses dispersi
     Proses dispersi (bisa melalui pengocokan atau melalui
    getaran/vibrasi ultrasonik)
     Pengayakan fraksi pasir
     Sedimentasi partikel liat dan debu di dalam silinder ukur
     Sampling sedimen setelah waktu t (berdasarkan Hukum Stoke)
    menggunakan pipet (Pipette technique) atau menggunakan
    Hydrometer
    Further readings

     Brady, N.C. (1990). The Nature and Properties of Soils. 10th ed.
    Macmillan Pub. Co., New York.
     Hillel, D. (1980). Introduction to Soil Physics. Academic Press, New
    York.
     Loveland, P.J. (1991). Particle size analysis. In: Smith, K.A. and Mullins,
    C.E. Soil Analysis: Physical Methods. Marcel Dekker, New York, pp
    271-328.
     Weil, R.R. and Brady, N.C. (2017). The Nature and Properties of Soils.
    15th ed. Pearson, Harlow
     https://www.agric.wa.gov.au/soil-constraints/soil-texture-estimating-hand
    Discussion & Q-A

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