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Lab 04

The document provides information about common functions and macros that can be used in assembly language programs using emu8086. It describes functions like PRINT, GOTOXY, PUTC that can print text, and macros like LOOP that can repeat a block of code a specified number of times. It also explains how to use procedures defined in emu8086.inc like PRINT_STRING, GET_STRING, SCAN_NUM by including the file and declaring the procedures.

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Muskaan Zarrin
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16 views

Lab 04

The document provides information about common functions and macros that can be used in assembly language programs using emu8086. It describes functions like PRINT, GOTOXY, PUTC that can print text, and macros like LOOP that can repeat a block of code a specified number of times. It also explains how to use procedures defined in emu8086.inc like PRINT_STRING, GET_STRING, SCAN_NUM by including the file and declaring the procedures.

Uploaded by

Muskaan Zarrin
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CSE 331/EEE 332 (Microprocessor Interfacing & Embedded System Lab)

Lab 04 : Library of common functions - emu8086.inc


Lab Officer : Zahid Hasan

Loop

The ‘Loop’ instruction provides a simple way to repeat a block of statements a specific number of times.
To do this, first we have to put a value in CX (count resister) which will track the number of times the block
of instructions will execute.

Instruction Meaning Examples


LOOP Keep executing this instruction MOV CX, 2345H
including the instruction of the HERE:
target label until the CX register NOP
becomes zero. LOOP HERE

Example:

C code

int j;

j = 0;
while ( j < 10 )
{ j++
;
}

Assembly code

MOV AL, 0
MOV CX, 10

INCREMENT:

ADD AL, 1

LOOP INCREMENT
Macro

• A macro is a named block of assembly language statements.


• Once defined, it can be invoked (called) one or more times.
• During the assembler's preprocessing step, each macro call is expanded into a copy of the macro.
• The expanded code is passed to the assembly step, where it is checked for correctness

Defining macros:
• A macro must be defined before it can be used.
• Parameters are optional.
• Each parameter follows the rules for identifiers. It is a string that is assigned a value when
the macro is invoked.

Macroname MACRO [parameter-1, parameter-2, ...]

statement-list

ENDM

Example:

INCLUDE 'EMU8086.INC'

.MODEL SMALL .STACK 100H

.DATA

.CODE

ADD_TWO MACRO R1

MOV AX, R1

ENDM ADD_TWO

MAIN PROC

MOV CX, 5 ADD_TWO CX

ENDP MAIN

END MAIN
Library of common functions - emu8086.inc

To make programming easier there are some common functions that can be included in your program. To
make your program use functions defined in other file you should use the INCLUDE directive followed by
a file name. Compiler automatically searches for the file in the same folder where the source file is located,
and if it cannot find the file there it searches in Inc folder.

To use any of the functions in emu8086.inc you should have the following line in the beginning of your
source file:

include 'emu8086.inc'

emu8086.inc defines the following macros:


• PUTC char - macro with 1 parameter, prints out an ASCII char at current cursor position.
• GOTOXY col, row - macro with 2 parameters, sets cursor position.
• PRINT string - macro with 1 parameter, prints out a string.
• PRINTN string - macro with 1 parameter, prints out a string. The same as PRINT but
automatically adds "carriage return" at the end of the string.
• CURSOROFF - turns off the text cursor.
• CURSORON - turns on the text cursor.

Example 1

INCLUDE 'EMU8086.INC'

.MODEL SMALL .STACK 100H

.DATA

.CODE

MAIN PROC

PRINT 'HELLO WORLD!'

GOTOXY 10, 5

PUTC 65 ; 65 - IS AN ASCII CODE FOR 'A' PUTC 'B'

ENDP MAIN

END MAIN
emu8086.inc also defines the following procedures:
• PRINT_STRING - procedure to print a null terminated string at current cursor position,
receives address of string in DS:SI register. To use it declare: DEFINE_PRINT_STRING
before END directive.

• PTHIS - procedure to print a null terminated string at current cursor position (just as
PRINT_STRING), but receives address of string from Stack. The ZERO TERMINATED string
should be defined just after the CALL instruction. For example:

CALL PTHIS db
'Hello World!', 0

To use it declare: DEFINE_PTHIS before END directive.

• GET_STRING - procedure to get a null terminated string from a user, the received string
is written to buffer at DS:DI, buffer size should be in DX. Procedure stops the input when
'Enter' is pressed. To use it declare: DEFINE_GET_STRING before END directive.

• CLEAR_SCREEN - procedure to clear the screen, (done by scrolling entire screen


window), and set cursor position to top of it. To use it declare: DEFINE_CLEAR_SCREEN
before END directive.

• SCAN_NUM - procedure that gets the multi-digit SIGNED number from the keyboard,
and stores the result in CX register. To use it declare: DEFINE_SCAN_NUM before END
directive.

• PRINT_NUM - procedure that prints a signed number in AX register. To use it declare:


DEFINE_PRINT_NUM and DEFINE_PRINT_NUM_UNS before END directive.

• PRINT_NUM_UNS - procedure that prints out an unsigned number in AX register. To use


it declare: DEFINE_PRINT_NUM_UNS before END directive.

To use any of the above procedures you should first declare the function in the bottom of your
file (but before the END directive), and then use CALL instruction followed by a procedure
name. For example:

INCLUDE 'EMU8086.INC'

.MODEL SMALL .STACK 100H

.DATA

MSG1 DB 'ENTER THE NUMBER: ', 0


.CODE

MAIN PROC

MOV AX, @DATA MOV DS, AX

LEA SI, MSG1 ; ASK FOR THE NUMBER CALL PRINT_STRING ;


CALL SCAN_NUM ; GET NUMBER IN CX.
MOV AX, CX ; COPY THE NUMBER TO AX.

; PRINT THE FOLLOWING STRING:


CALL PTHIS DB 13, 10, 'YOU HAVE ENTERED: ', 0

CALL PRINT_NUM ; PRINT NUMBER IN AX.


DEFINE_SCAN_NUM DEFINE_PRINT_STRING DEFINE_PRINT_NUM
DEFINE_PRINT_NUM_UNS ; REQUIRED FOR PRINT_NUM.
DEFINE_PTHIS

ENDP MAIN

END MAIN
Task 1

Take an input and print it in the console.

Task 2

Create an array of five elements and search for an element. If the element exists in the array
print ‘Value found’ otherwise ‘Value not found’

Task 3
A palindrome is a word that is same when read from both ends. Example: ‘RACECAR’.
Write a program that will take a string from a user and determine whether the word is a
palindrome. The output may be a ‘Yes’ or a ‘No’.

Example:
racecar yes
hellyeah
no

Task 4
Take two strings as inputs from the user. Compare the two strings and determine if they are the
same or not. If they are not, output the string which is lexicographically larger, else print “They
are the same”.

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