BS 2648-1955 Oven
BS 2648-1955 Oven
BS 2648-1955 Oven
Incorporating
Amendment Issued
June, 1956 (PD 2517)
Electrically-heated
laboratory drying
ovens
Confirmed
December 2011
BS 2648:1955
Co-operating organizations
Admiralty*
Air Ministry
Association of British Chemical Manufacturers
Association of Scientific Workers
Board of Trade
British Association for the Advancement of Science
British Chemical Ware Manufacturers’ Association
British Laboratory Ware Association*
British Lampblown Scientific Glassware Manufacturers’ Association
British Pharmacopoeia Commission
British Scientific Instrument Research Association*
Chemical Society
Department of the Government Chemist*
D.S.I.R. — Chemical Research Laboratory
Glass Manufacturers’ Federation
Institute of Petroleum
Ministry of Education
Ministry of Health*
Ministry of Supply*
National Physical Laboratory
Oil Companies Materials Committee
Royal Institute of Chemistry
Science Masters’ Association
Society for Analytical Chemistry*
Society of Chemical Industry
Society of Glass Technology
Standardization of Tar Products Tests Committee
Contents
Page
Co-operating organizations Inside front cover
Foreword ii
1 Scope 1
2 Definitions 1
3 Conditions of tests 1
4 Measurement of temperature 1
5 Manual adjustment of temperature setting 1
6 Temperature variation 1
7 Temperature fluctuation 1
8 Temperature drift 2
9 Reproducibility of oven temperature 2
10 Time of temperature recovery 2
11 Temperature overshoot 2
12 Ventilation rate 2
13 Marking 2
Appendix A Construction and use of loaded thermocouple 3
Appendix B Measurement of temperature variation 3
Appendix C Measurement of temperature fluctuation 4
Appendix D Measurement of ventilation 4
© BSI 04-1999 i
BS 2648:1955
Foreword
Summary of pages
This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii,
pages 1 to 5 and a back cover.
This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had
amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on
the inside front cover.
ii © BSI 04-1999
BS 2648:1955
1) Experiencehas shown that the effect of loading an oven is to disturb the temperature conditions to an extent depending on the
quantity and nature of the particular loading material. As it is impossible to specify a standard condition of loading which would
represent the wide range of uses to which these ovens may be put, the tests have been specified for the empty oven.
2) Thermometer B 110C/Total of BS 593 “Laboratory thermometers” is suitable.
© BSI 04-1999 1
BS 2648:1955
11 Temperature overshoot
Any temperature overshoot induced by the
procedure described in Clause 10 shall not result in
the temperature exceeding 103 °C, and a
temperature of 101 °C shall not be exceeded for
longer than 10 minutes.
3)
The temperature limits specified in Clauses 7 and 8 are similar, but it should be pointed out that temperature fluctuation
refers to measurements using a thermocouple at any point in the oven, whereas temperature drift refers to measurements using
a mercury-in-glass thermometer at the centre of the oven; thus steadier readings may be expected for the latter.
4)
It is important that the method used should impose no appreciable restraint upon the flow of air through the oven.
5)
The mark “BS 2648” on the product is an indication by the manufacturer that it purports to comply with the requirements of
this British Standard.
2 © BSI 04-1999
BS 2648:1955
which can bc used by manufacturers only under licence from the BSI. The presence of this mark in addition to the mark “BS 2648”
on a product is an assurance that the product does comply with the requirements of the standard. It indicates that the BSI has
satisfied itself, by inspection and testing, that the system of production, supervision and control used by the manufacturer is such
as to ensure compliance with all the requirements of the standard. Maintenance of this approved system is secured by periodical
inspection and testing on behalf of the BSI. The mark must be accompanied by the name or registered trade mark or licence number
of the licensed manufacturer.
Further particulars of the terms of licence may be obtained from the Director, British Standards Institution, 2 Park Street, London,
W.1.
6)
Any other suitable combination of metals may be used.
7) “Dag 479”, supplied by Messis. Acheson Colloids Ltd. has been found suitable.
© BSI 04-1999 3
BS 2648:1955
V = 3600w
-------------------- (2)
d
where
cp is the specific heat of air at constant pressure (1.003 joule per gramme)
t1 is the room temperature
t2 is the oven temperature
(x – y) is the difference in power-consumption as defined in the first paragraph
w = weight of air, grammes per second
V = volume of air, litres per hour
d = density of air in the laboratory at time of test, grammes per litrea
3600 x–y
----------------------- × -----------------
Hence V = 1⋅ 003 d t 2 – t 1
3590 (x – y)
-----------------------------------
= d ( t 2 – t1 )
a Density of air at 760 mmHg and 20 °C is 1.205 g/l.
This formula assumes that when the ports are closed no air passes through the oven. Therefore, there must
be no leakages: the door joint should be sealed with adhesive tape and all apertures, including the inlet
port, should be effectively closed.
If the power consumption is measured with a wattmeter the total length of time in seconds for which the
oven heaters are “on” is measured with a stopclock and the reading of the wattmeter is taken once during
each “on” period. The average of the wattage readings multiplied by the total time registered by the
stopclock and divided by the length of the run in seconds is taken as the power in watts required to
maintain constant temperature.
4 © BSI 04-1999
BS 2648:1955
If a watt-hour or kilowatt-hour meter is used the reading of the total energy consumption registered by the
meter is divided by the length of the run measured as a fraction of an hour. If a domestic kilowatt-hour
meter is used, the dial units are too large to enable a sufficient accuracy to be obtained over a reasonably
short run, and the rotating disk with which these meters are provided is therefore used as the power
consumption indicator. The meter is put in operation until the index mark on the disk is opposite the centre
of the window, and is then disconnected until the start of the run.
To reduce the possible error, a long enough run is taken to give about 100 disk revolutions, and the run is
preferably ended when the mark on the disk is visible. If, however, the mark is out of sight at the end of
the run, an estimated fraction of a revolution is added. The run is started and stopped at corresponding
points of the “on-off” heating cycle (e.g., at the moment when the heaters are switched on by the
thermostat).
2 Direct method, using rotating anemometer
A small free-running turbine is used in conjunction with a stroboscope to obtain a measure in arbitrary
units of the rate of flow of air from an outlet of the oven when the latter is operating under normal
conditions with the ventilation ports open. A metered flow of air from a pump is passed into the oven
through the inlet ports and its rate adjusted until the outlet flow measured by the anemometer is restored
to its original value.
A turbine which has been found suitable consists of four or six balsa vanes, inserted into slots in a balsa
hub. This turbine is of diameter approximately the same as that of the outlet port of the oven, and is
supported on a vertical steel pivot (e.g., the tip of a sewing needle) by means of an inverted cup bearing,
preferably of sapphire, mounted on the hub. To ensure stability, the hub is at least 1 cm in length with the
vanes inserted at the lower end and the bearing at the top. The vertical pivot passes through a clearance
hole bored in the hub. To secure the cup bearing in position it is pressed into the centre of an aluminium
disk which is then cemented to the hub with a heat-resisting cement. A wire spider supports the pivot at
the centre of a vertical tube 2 in. long and of a diameter just large enough to accommodate the turbine. The
purpose of this tube is to support the assembly and to protect the turbine from draughts.
To make a measurement the oven is brought to a steady condition of operation and the anemometer placed
over an open outlet port (the other ports if any, being also open). The rate of rotation of the turbine is
measured with the stroboscope. A tube is then connected to the inlet port or ports with the oven heater still
in normal operation and through it a metered air stream is pumped into the oven. The flow of this air
stream is adjusted until the turbine is rotating at the same rate as before, and the air flow is measured.
This rate of flow is the rate of ventilation of the oven.
For the purpose of this measurement, the door joint should be sealed with adhesive tape to prevent leakage
of air.
© BSI 04-1999 5
BS 2648:1955
Revisions
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