3 Sampling Pulse Modulation TDM and Aliasing v3
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Mohamed Shabana3 Sampling Pulse Modulation TDM and Aliasing v3
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Mohamed ShabanaDigital Communications
Applications to Sampled Signal:
Channel Capacity, Time Division
Multiplexing, and Pulse Coded
Modulation
• Dr. Ali Hussein Muqaibel
• ver. 4.5
Dr. Ali Hussein Muqaibel
Objectives
• Channel Capacity
• Time Division Multiplexing (TDM)
• Pulse Modulation
• PAM
• PWM (PDM)
• PPM
• Pulse Coded Modulation (PCM)
2
• Sampling theorem is important in
(Signal analysis, processing,
Some transmission).
• There is equivalent discrete operation
Applications (digital filtering) instead of continuous
filtering.
of the • Some applications of the sampling
theorem:
Sampling • Channel Capacity
• Time Division Multiplexing (TDM)
Theorem • Pulse Modulated Signals
Dr. Ali Hussein Muqaibel 3
Channel Capacity: Maximum Information Rate
𝐵 𝐻𝑧 Channel Bandwidth
signal 𝐵 𝐻𝑧 → = 2𝐵 Samples
• Maximum Information Rate= two pieces of
Information per second per Hertz.
• Channel Capacity Theorem:
A maximum of 2𝐵 independent pieces of
information per second can be transmitted
(error free) over noiseless channel of
bandwidth 𝐵 𝐻𝑧.
Dr. Ali Hussein Muqaibel 4
g1(t)
Time Division Multiplexing (TDM) Ts
• TDM vs FDM
g2(t)
• The signal containing the samples of the
different original signals is a TDM signal. Ts
• This interleaved signal can be transmitted g3(t)
over a channel and the received samples can
be DE–INTERLEAVED (samples are separated
to create the original signals). Ts
• TDM cannot be performed for continuous
gTDM(t)
time signals.
Ts
Ts/3
Dr. Ali Hussein Muqaibel 5
Pulse Modulated Signals
• Communicate with (rect functions) instead of impulses
(delta functions).
• There are three main types to use pulses to represent
analog information carried by a sequence of samples:
1. PAM: Pulse Amplitude Modulation
2. PWM (PDM): Pulse Width (Duration) Modulation .
3. PPM: Pulse Position Modulation
• The term modulation here is used to specify the process
in which the information signal modifies some parameter
of a sequence of pulses. (No frequency shifting)
Dr. Ali Hussein Muqaibel 6
Pulse Modulated Signals
gPAM(t)
gPWM(t)
t
t
Ts
Ts
Pulse Amplitude Modulation (PAM)
Pulse–Width Modulation (PWM):
gPPM(t)
Compare them:
1) Constant Amplitude : when transmitted over a
t
channel with changing amplitude
2) What happen if the amplitude of the original
Ts
continuous-time signal suddenly became large?
Pulse–Position Modulation (PPM)
Dr. Ali Hussein Muqaibel 7
Pulse Code Modulation
(PCM)
• For digital
• Analog to Digital Converters (ADCs) are
needed: sample the input signal and then
apply a process called quantization.
• The quantized forms of the samples are
then converted to binary digits and are
outputted in the form of 1’s and 0’s.
• The sequence of 1’s and 0’s outputted by
the ADC is called a PCM signal (Pulses have
been coded to 1’s and 0’s).
Dr. Ali Hussein Muqaibel 8
Sampling in Images and Video Fun time: The Slow Mo Guys
https://www.youtube.com/user/theslowmoguys
Delay this slide to before the end of 6.2 part 2 coming
presentation
