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MHF4U Unit 1

The document outlines 9 lessons on polynomial functions: 1. It introduces prerequisite skills for polynomial functions. 2. It covers polynomial functions, graphing polynomial functions, combining transformations of polynomial functions. 3. It addresses dividing and factoring polynomial functions, the sum and difference of cubes, and solving polynomial equations and inequalities. 4. It provides a review of unit 1 on polynomial functions including graphing techniques like using end behavior, zeros and multiplicities.

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Daniswara Hafidz
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222 views9 pages

MHF4U Unit 1

The document outlines 9 lessons on polynomial functions: 1. It introduces prerequisite skills for polynomial functions. 2. It covers polynomial functions, graphing polynomial functions, combining transformations of polynomial functions. 3. It addresses dividing and factoring polynomial functions, the sum and difference of cubes, and solving polynomial equations and inequalities. 4. It provides a review of unit 1 on polynomial functions including graphing techniques like using end behavior, zeros and multiplicities.

Uploaded by

Daniswara Hafidz
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Lesson 1: Prerequisite Skills

● p.213 #1-9,12

Lesson 2: Polynomial Functions

● p.136 #1,3,4

Lesson 3: Graphing Polynomial Functions

● p.161 #1-7
● p.146 #1,2,4-8,9ab,12,13,15

Lesson 4: Combining Transformations

● p.155 #1-4,6,9

Lesson 5: Division of Polynomial Functions

● p.168 #1-13

Lesson 6: Factoring Polynomials

● Factoring Polynomials worksheet


● p.176 #4-7,10-12

Lesson 7: Sum/Difference of Cubes

● p.182 #2-5

Lesson 8: Solving Polynomial Equations

● p.204 #1-3,6,7,9,10,11

Lesson 9: Solving Polynomial Inequalities

● p.225 #1-3,5-7,13,14

Unit 1 Review

● p.185 #8,9,11,13-16
● p.240 #1-4,6,7,10

Unit 1 Review

● p.185 #8,9,11,13-16
● p.240 #1-4,6,7,10
Graphing polynomials using end behavior zeros and multiplicities
● (3627) Graphing Polynomial Functions Using End Behavior, Zeros, and
Multiplicities - YouTube
● (3627) How do we find multiplicity and use it to graph a polynomial -
YouTube
Proving symmetry
● (3627) MHF4U (Grade 12 Advanced Functions) - Symmetry of Factored
Polynomial Example 1 - YouTube

Transformation of Polynomials
● (3627) Lesson 3.4 - Transformations of Polynomial Functions - YouTube
Division of Polynomials
● (3627) Synthetic Division vs. Long Division - YouTube
● (3627) Long division of polynomials vs. Synthetic Division - YouTube
Factoring Polynomials method
● (3627) Factoring Polynomials - By GCF, AC Method, Grouping, Substitution,
Sum & Difference of Cubes - YouTube
Solving polynomial inequalities
● (3627) Solving a Polynomial Inequality - YouTube
Application of polynomial functions
● (3627) Polynomial Function Applications - YouTube
Unit 1 Polynomial Functions
Graphing

A polynomial function is a function of the form.


• The domain of a polynomial function is (-∞, ∞), or x is the element of real numbers.
This is because every number could be inputted.
• Non-polynomial functions include negative integers as power or fractions as power.
It is called the constant term when you substitute x=o to f(x).
• Y-intercept: Point where a line intersects the Y axis, meaning x=0. Therefore, the
coordinates of Y-intercept = (0, f (0))
• X-Intercept: Point where a line intersects the X axis, meaning y=0
Therefore, the coordinates of Y-intercept = (x, 0)
• f(x)= 0 is called a zero polynomial.
• If n is odd, the graphs are symmetric to the origin (odd symmetry).
• If n is even, the graphs are symmetrical to the y-axis (even symmetry)

Proving symmetry

Algebraic method
• For Even Functions f (-x) = f(x)
• For Odd Functions f(-x) =- f(x)
Two graph method
• The function is even when the graph is composed of even powers
• i.e., X6+2x4+x2
• The function is odd when the graph is composed of odd powers
• i.e. X5+2x3+x
• The function is neither even nor odd when the graph is composed of both even and
odd powers
• i.e. X3+2x2+x

End Behaviors
Definition: behavior of the graph of the function at the "ends" of the x-axis

n (degree)= odd positive integer


1. LC (Leading coefficient) = positive
Coordinates: When x approaches -∞, y also approaches -∞
When x approaches ∞, y also approaches ∞
Quadrants: Quadrant 3 to quadrant 1
Example: 2X5+2x3+x
2. LC (Leading coefficient) = negative
Coordinates: When x approaches -∞, y approaches ∞
When x approaches ∞, y approaches -∞
Quadrants: Quadrant 2 to quadrant 4
Example: -2X5+2x3+x
n (degree)= even positive integer
3. LC (Leading coefficient) = positive
Coordinates: When x approaches ∞, y also approaches ∞
When x approaches -∞, y approaches ∞
Quadrants: Quadrant 2 to quadrant 1
Example: 3X4+2x2

4. LC (Leading coefficient) = negative


Coordinates: When x approaches -∞, y approaches -∞
When x approaches ∞, y approaches -∞
Quadrants: Quadrant 3 to quadrant 4
Example: -3X4+2x2

Additional graphing Notes:


• The graph shows characteristics of a polynomial function of a particular degree. The
graphs show local behavior.
• A turning point is a point at which the graph of a polynomial function changes
direction. A function with the degree n may have, at most n-1 turning points.
• Leading coefficient (a) is the coefficient in front of the variable with the highest
power
Example: The leading coefficient (a) -2x is -2
5

• Multiplicity/order (c) is the number of times a number, or in this case, the power of
x intercept
Example: The order of (x-2) is 3
3

• The domain is the entire set of possible input values.


Example: Domain of polynomial function is (-∞, ∞)
• The degree of a polynomial is the highest power of a variable in its standard form or
powers in a factored form, which are combined.
Graphing the Zeros (the x-Intercepts)

How to Graph a Polynomial function?


1. Standard form
2. Factored form
1) Firstly, put the x-intercepts and y-intercepts on the x and y-axis.
2) Include the End Behavior on the graph.
3) Lastly, connect the end behaviors and X and Y intercepts
Transformation in Graph
F(x)= a[k(x-d)]^n +c
• Example: f(x): 3(5(x-1)) +5
2

Legends
A: Amplitude = leading coefficient
K: constant
D (horizontal translation): x intercept
C: Vertical translation):

Transformation
0<a<1 = vertically compressed by a
(x,y)=(x,ay)
-1<a<0 = vertically reflected and compressed by |A|
a= -1 (vertical reflection in x-axis)
(x,y)= (x,-y)

k>1= (1/kx, y)= horizontal compression


Horizontal reflection in the y-axis
(x,y)=(-x,y)
Horizontal stretch if 0<k<1)

d=(+)= shift right


d=(-)= shift left

C= (+)= shift up
C=(-) = shift down

Division of Polynomials
Division algorithm

f(x)/d(x)= q(x)+r(x)/d(x)
10𝑥 2 +20 2𝑥 2 +4
• Example: 5𝑥 = 𝑥
Legends
• f(x) is called dividend
• d(x) is called a divisor
• q(x) is called a quotient
• r(x) is called the remainder

If r(x)=0, then f(x)= d(x)q(x) so that the divisor is a factor of f x.

Long Division
The degree of remainder is less than the degree of the divisor.

Remainder theorem
• R(x)=0 , c is a factor of f(x)
• If polynomial f(x) is divided by a linear polynomial (x-c), then the remainder r= f(c)

Synthetic division of polynomials

The synthetic division is a shortcut for dividing a polynomial f (x) by a linear polynomial (x-c)

Note: Reminder might be more than 0


Factoring Polynomials method :

1. Factor theorem
If x = a is substituted into a polynomial for x, and the remainder is zero, then x a is a factor
of the polynomial. i.e. If f(a) = 0, then x a is a factor of f(x)

1. The formula of the Difference between cubes


• a3-b3=(a-b) (a2+ab+b2)
• a3+b3 =(a+b) (a2-ab+b2)

1. Factoring Polynomials by Grouping


• 3x3-5x2-3x+5= x2(3x-5) +(-1) (3x-5)

1. The formula of the Difference between squares


• a2-b2= (a-b) (a+b)

Solving Polynomial Equations

For polynomials in factored form


y= 2x(x-2) (x+4) (x+1)
• Find the zeros; zeros are from each Y-intercept
• Note: the order of the zeros must be written as well
For polynomials in standard form
• Factorize the polynomial
• Find the zeros
• Note: an in factored form is the number/variable outside of the bracket multiplied by
the orders of each zero

Tip: review all of the topics, and determine the transformation of the graph

Solving polynomial inequalities


1. Rewrite the inequality so that all variables and non-zero constants are on one side of the
inequality symbol, and the number 0 (zero) is on the other.
2. Factor the expression into linear factors.
3. Find zeros of all factors; these points divide the number line into intervals.
4. Create a SIGN CHART using the found zeros and each polynomial term in factored form.
5. Read the solution from the last row of the sign chart.
Note:s
f(x) < 0, part of the graph is under the x-axis
f(x) >0, part of the graph that is over the x-axis
● Graph of polynomial function - Symbolab
● Equation Grapher - Graphing | Polynomials | Curves - PhET Interactive Simulations
(nitttrc.edu.in)
● Taylor polynomial graphs – GeoGebra

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