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Selenium Notes

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Selenium Notes

Uploaded by

Sabthagireeswaran V S

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In eclipse

Create a java project in that project create Automation

Inside automation creates two empty folders 1. Jar 2. Driver

Check chrome version-- 92….

Selenium download: https://www.selenium.dev/downloads/

Download latest version 3.141.59

In the same page Go to browser click on chrome documents :
https://chromedriver.chromium.org/ in this page under All versions Available
download the
Respective chrome version 92….

After downloading extract the chromedriver file

Now copy the chrome extracted and paste in driver file present in Eclipse
Noe copy the jar file and paste in the jar file created in eclipse.
**After that add only the jar file to build path...this will create a folder Referenced
library
{don't add exe file to build path else we will not be able to execute any thing}

Create package qsp under this package create a class Demo

- Create an object of chrome driver class
ChromeDriver c = new ChromeDriver(); [run -- will get an exception error
now we need to set the path of chrome]
- System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver",”path”);
- How to see path ..right click on chrome.exe file ...properties...copy the
location and paste
in the path .
- Run now we will get an empty chrome page.
- For generic/relative paths give path as “ ./driver/chromedriver.exe” (. dot
means go to the current java project) **recommended **
Since we can use the code in any system, if we use the environment it will
work only in one system i.e, the system for which path is given.

Why do we add jar files to build paths?

Since this file is present in diff projects or files, we need to add it to the build path
to get access for eclipse(since eclipse doest know where the file is present ) and
we import because the compiler doest know where it is .

Automation : reducing the no. of resources.

Why ?
1. faster
2. Reduce man power
3. Efficiency / accuracy
Assignment :
1.what is automation?
The use of software to create repeatable instructions and processes to
replace or reduce human interaction with IT systems.
2. What are the advantages of automation?
1.Faster feedback cycle
2.reduce business expenses
3.higher test coverage
4.reusability of test suite
5.improved accuracy
6.quickly determine the stability of the build
7.eliminates human error
8.earlier detection of error
9.data driven testing
10.maximize ROI

Other than selenium - QTP/UFT , RANOREX, RFT, TEST COMPLETE

Selenium supports 14 diff coding languages ( java, python, js,C#, php, pearl,…..)
Platform independent
Selenium is a community in which we will learn selenium webdriver..
Using selenium we can automate only web applications. (only functional testing)
For performance testing we need to integrate it with the LOADRUNNER & J
meter.
Client server app -->Selendroid , APPIUM.
Stand alone app → Winium
INTRODUCTION OF SELENIUM

Selenium is a free and open source, web application automation tool ,or
functional testing web application automation tool.

1. From where we can download the selenium s/w for free?

https://www.selenium.dev/downloads/

2. What is the Latest stable version of selenium - 3.141.59

3. What are the flavors of selenium ?
Selenium core, Selenium RC(remote control), selenium IDE(record and
play). Selenium webdriver, Selendroid, appium, Winium, Selenium grid.
4. What are the browsers supported by selenium?
Google chrome,mozilla firefox, internet explorer, microsoft edge, opera,
saffari, html unit, phantom js.
5. What OS is supported by selenium?
Windows, linux, IOS and other flavors of UNIX like android, mac, ubuntu
etc.
6. What are the languages supported by selenium?
java, python, javascript, C#, php, pearl, objective C, Ruby, NodeJS, TCL,
haskell, R, Elixit, Dart
7.Using selenium what type of app can we automate?
Only Web application
8. Which OS is not supported by selenium?
UNIX
9. Do we automate -ve test cases in selenium? Yes
10. Can we do performance testing in selenium?
No but we can integrate selenium with J meter
11. What type of test cases do we automate?
We can automate functional test cases, integration, system, smoke test
cases etc.
But it should be a part of the regression test suite.
12. Which type of test cases do we automate first?
Smoke test cases (sanity, dry run, build verification testing)
13. Is 100% automation possible? NO
14. Why is it not possible?
Because we don't have technology to automate the features or it may be
very costly or it may require manual intervention. Example:card swiping,
biometric scanning, captcha, OTP, game testing, barcode scanning, verification
of audio and video clips, etc.
15.which OS and browser is supported by selenium IDE?
Windows and firefox

=============================================================

Selenium is developed using JAVA.

To use selenium in other languages we need to use Language Binding / Client
bindings.
ChromeDriver acts as a translator for Google chrome
For mozilla firefox - geckoDriver
With the help of a web executable we are able to open Web Applications.
Selenium uses JSON wire protocol while sending and getting responses.

=============================================================

Architecture of SELENIUM
Selenium supports 14 diff. Coding languages such as java, python, ruby etc...
These are called Language binding or Client binding.
This client binding communicates with selenium server standalone. Then
performs action of the browser with the help of driver executables, in order to
perform action it uses JSON wire protocol
(javascript object notation).
Selenium server internally contains selenium java client binding also.hence by
installing selenium we use only jar file and driver executable files.

Steps to install selenium:

1. Download selenium server jar file and browser specific driver executable
file in the download page of selenium website .
2. Extract the driver executable file (unzip the file)
3. in eclipse create a new java project and create two new folders such as jar
and driver inside the java project.
4. Copy and paste the driver executable file into the driver folder.
5. Similarly copy and paste selenium jar file into jar folder.
6. Add jar file to build path.so that we can use import statement to import
required classes of selenium.
Note: do not add driver.exe file to the build path, because eclipse will not
allow us to add exe file to the build path.
7. To specify the path either we add it manually to the environment variable or
we should add it programmatically using system.setproperty.
8. While specifying the path we use relative path by specifying dot . operator at
the beginning which represents the current java project.
9. We should set the path before opening the browser or else we get an illegal
state exception error.
10. For easy maintenance we set the path of all drive executables in the static
block as shown below

package qsp;

import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;

public class Demo {

public static void main(String[] args) {
System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver",
"./driver/chromedriver.exe");
ChromeDriver c= new ChromeDriver();
c.get("https://www.google.com"); // open
String title = c.getTitle(); // google
System.out.println(title);
//Thread.sleep(4000);// slow the closing process
c.close(); // close
}
}

Which protocol is used to communicate with browsers? JSON wire protocol.

How selenium performs action on the browser? By calling native methods of
the browser.

Architecture of Selenium WebDriver (or) Selenium java language binding

-Search context is the super most interface which is extended by webdriver
interface.Webdriver interface is implemented as remotewebdriver class.
-Remotewebdriver class implements other interfaces also such as
javascriptexecutor, take screenshot etc.
-All the browser specific classes such as chromedriver, firefoxdriver,
internetexplorerdriver etc. extends remotewebdriver class.

Note: Eclipse will display methods of object class also when we press . dot after
any reference variable. To hide it go to the window tab click on preferences >>
java >> appearances >> type filters >> click on add >> type: java.lang.Object >>
click on OK >> apply and close.

Methods of search context:

findElement(By args):WebElement
findElements((By args): List<WebElement>

Methods of WebDriver
close()
get()
getCurrentUrl()
getPageSource()
getTitle()
getWindowHandle()
getWindowHandles()
manage()
navigate()
quit()
switchTo()

Methods of JavaScriptExecutor
executeScript()
executeAsyncScript()

Methods of TakeScreenshots
getScreenshotAs()

Methods of WebElement
clear()
click()
getAttribute()
getCssValue()
getLocation()
getRect()
getSize()
getTagName()
getText()
isDisplayed()
isEnabled()
isSelected()
sendKeys()
submit()

Q: How do you enter a URL without using get() ?

By using navigate().to()
Q: What is the difference b/w get() and navigate() ?
By using get() we can enter the URL only, whereas by using navigate we
can enter the URL, click on back, forward and refresh also.
Q: What is the difference b/w get() and to() ?
To () internally calling get() hence there is no diff b/w get() and to(),
both are used to enter the URL.

Q: What is upcasting,it is used in selenium and why ?

Converting a sub class object into a super type is called upcasting.
Ex. WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
In selenium we use upcasting so that we can execute the same script on any
browser.

Q: Explain WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver()

WebDriver :is an interface
driver :is a reference variable
= :is an assignment operator
new :is a keyword used to create an object
ChromeDriver() :is a constructor
; is used to end the statement (statement delimiter)

Q: How do you close the browser without using close() ?

By using quit().
Q: Difference b/w close() and quit() ?
close() closes the current browser whereas quit() closes all the browsers.
Q: How do you delete all the cookies present in the browser?
By using - driver.manage().deleteAllCookies();
Q: How do you maximize the browser?
By using - driver.manage().window().maximize();
Q: Write a script to print HTML code of google.com ?
By using - get.PageSource();

WebElement

-Anything present on the web page is called as webelement such as button, text
box, link, etc.
-Webelements are created using HTML language(hypertext markup language).
-HTML element contains 3 things
1.Tag
2.Attribute
3.Text
Example. HTML code of a login button is <div id=”d1”>Login</div>
In the above HTML code div is the Tag, id is the Attribute name, d1 is the
attribute value, Login is the Text (visible text).

- In order to see the HTML code of the required element right click on that
element and select the option Inspect. If right clicking is disabled on the
page then press Ctr+shift+i or F12. It will display a developer toolbar.
- In order to inspect another element click on the inspect button and then
click on the required element.

In Selenium before performing any action such as clicking, typing, selecting,etc

We should find the element 1st using locators.

Locators
Locators are used to find the element, in selenium there are 8 types of locators
and all of them are static methods present in By class.
By is an abstract class.
1.tagName()
2.id()
3.name()
4.className()
5.linkText()
6.partialLinkText()
7.cssSelector()
8.xpath()

-All the locators will take the String as an argument.

note : in order to create the static web page type the below code in notepad and
save it as Demo.html on the desktop.

<html>
<body>
<a id="d1" name="n1" class="c1" href="https://qspiders.com/">Qspiders</a><br>
<a id="d1" name="n1" class="c1" href="https://jspiders.com/">Jspiders</a>
</body>
</html>

Q: Write a program to click on the Qspiders /Jspiders link present in the

static web page using tagName locator ?

public class LocatorCls {

static {
System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver",
"./driver/chromedriver.exe");
}

public static void main(String[] args) {

// TODO Auto-generated method stub
WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
driver.get("file:///C:/Users/SATEESH/Desktop/Demo.html");
WebElement e = driver.findElement(By.tagName("a"));
e.click();
}
}

Q: what is the return type of findElement() ?

WebElement
Q: what is the argument accepted by findElement() ?
File type
Q: If the specified locator is matching with multiple elements what
findElements does ?
It takes first matching element or it returns the address of the first matching
Element.
Q: If the specified locator is not matching with any of the elements then
what findElement does ?
It throws NoSuchElementException.
Q: write a script to click on the google link by using tagname, id, name, and
classname locators.

Jspiders/ Qspiders

public class LocatorAssign {

static {
System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver",
"./driver/chromedriver.exe");
}

public static void main(String[] args) {

// TODO Auto-generated method stub
WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
driver.get("file:///C:/Users/SATEESH/Desktop/Demo.html");
driver.findElement(By.tagName("a")).click();
driver.navigate().back();
driver.findElement(By.id("d1")).click();
driver.navigate().back();
driver.findElement(By.name("n1")).click();
driver.navigate().back();
driver.findElement(By.className("c1")).click();
}
}

linkText() and partialLinkText()

- linkText() and partialLinkText() locators can be used to find the link. If we

try it on any other type of element we get NoSuchElementException.
Example: driver.findElement(By.linkText(“Google”)).click()
- If the text of the link is changing partially then we can use partialLinkText();
Example: HTML code of a link is: <a…..>Inbox(7)</a>
Selenium code is: driver.findElement(By.partialLlinkText(“Inbox”)).click();

** we can use linkText() and partiaLinkText() only when the tag name is a **

Limitations of partialLInkText()
1.Element should be a link. Ex: <span>Inbox(7)</span>
2. Text should be partially changing. Ex: <span>25</span>
cssSelector()
-Css stands for Cascading style sheet.
-cssSelector is one of the locator in selenium.
- the syntax is :
Tag[attribute name = ‘attribute value’]
Example: a[id=’d1’]
a[name=’n1’]
a[class=’c1’]
a[href=’https://jspiders.com/’]
These all are called css expressions.
- We can check the css expression in the browser by using following steps:
1. Inspect any element.
2. Press Ctr+f .
3. Type the above expression.
4. 1 of 1 >> 1 matching element
5. 1 of 3 >> multiple matching elements
6. 0 of 0 >> no matching elements

Example for cssSelector

public class cssSelectorCls {

static {

System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver","./driver/chromedriver.exe");
}

public static void main(String[] args) {

// TODO Auto-generated method stub
WebDriver driver= new ChromeDriver();
driver.get("file:///C:/Users/SATEESH/Desktop/Demo.html");
driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("a[id='d1']")).click();
driver.navigate().back();
driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("a[name='n1']")).click();
driver.navigate().back();
driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("a[class='c1']")).click();
driver.navigate().back();

driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("a[href='https://jspiders.com/']")).click();
driver.navigate().back();
}

Note:
Limitation of cssSelector is we can’t use text or it doesn’t support text.
Note: if we make any syntax mistake while writing css expression or xpath, then
we get an InvalidSelectorException.

xpath()
-Path of the element in a HTML tree is called xpath. While writing xpath its starts
with .(dot) which represents the current web page or html document.
-Using .(dot) is not mandatory.
-To navigate from parent element to child element we use / (single forward
slash).
-xpath expression is .html/body/a (or) html/body/a
-selenium code for xpath is
driver.findElements(By.xpath(“/html/body/a”)).click

There are 2 types of xpath()

1. Absolute xpath
-Starting from the html tag to the desired element or the required element
is called an absolute xpath.
-All the below xpath are called absolute xpath.

Xpath index
In xpath we can use an index which starts from 1, then if there is another
element under the same parent with the same tag then index becomes 2
and so on.

Link 1: /html/body/div[1]/a[1]
Link 2: /html/body/div[1]/a[2]
Link 3: /html/body/div[2]/a[1]
Link 4: /html/body/div[2]/a[2]
Link 1 and link 2: /html/body/div/a
Link 3 and link 4: /html/body/div[2]/a
Link 1 and link 3: /html/body/div/a[1]
Link 2 and link 4: /html/body/div/a[2]
Link 1,2,3,4: /html/body/div/a
Image: /html/body/div[2]/img (or) /html/body/div/img
{here it will check in both div}

2. Relative xpath
Relative starts with //(double forward slash) which represents descendants
(child, grandchild, great grandchild….).
A.xpath by attribute
B. xpath by text function
C. xpath by contains function
D. traversing xpath
E. independent dependent xpath
F. xpath by group index

Q: What is the difference b/w / and // ?

/ represents child
// represents descendant

Link 1: //div[1]/a[1]
Link 2: //div[1]/a[2]
Link 3: //div[2]/a[1]
Link 4: //div[2]/a[2]
Link 1 and link 2: //div/a
Link 3 and link 4: //div[2]/a
Link 1 and link 3: //div/a[1] (or) //a[1]
Link 2 and link 4: //div/a[2] (or) //a[2]
Link 1,2,3,4: //div/a
Image: //div/img (or) //img (or) //div/img[1]
Q: How do you find all the links and all the images for any given web app or
web page?
//a | //img
Link1 and link 4 : //div[1]/a[1] | //div[2]/a[2]
Link 2 and link3 : //div[1]/a[2] | div[2]/a[1]

Q: What is the difference b/w //a and //table//a ?

//matches with all the links present anywhere in the web page.
//table//a matches with all the links which are inside the table.

P Q
A B

C D

Html
|__body
|__a P
|__a Q
|__table
|__a A
|__a B
|__a C
|__a D

//a >>> PQABCD

//table//a >>> ABCD
A. xpath by Attribute:

//tag[@AN =’AV’]

We can also use attribute of an element while using xpath.

The syntax is
1. //tag[@AttributeName = ‘AttributeValue’]
2. //tag[@AN = ‘AV’ and @AN= ‘AV’]
3. //tag[@AN =’AV’ or @AN =’AV’]
4. //tag[not(@AN =’AV’)]

Html code of the static page is

Q: write an xpath to identify the following elements

1. all the text box
>> //input[@type=’text’]

2.all the buttons

>> //input[@type=’button’]

3.all the checkbox

>> //input[@type=’checkbox’]

4. All the text box and all the buttons

>> //input[@type=’text’ or @type=’button’]

5.Only first text box

>> //input[@type=’text’ and @value=’A’]

6.Only second text box

>> //input@type=’text’ and [@value=’B’]

7. 1st text box and 1st button

>> //input[@value=’A’ ]

8.Only selected checkbox

>> //input[@checked] or //input[@type=’checkbox’ and @checked]

9.Unselected checkbox
>> //input[not(@checked) and @type=’checkbox’]

B. xpath by text function

In xpath we can also use text function
The syntax is: //tag[text() = ‘text value’] or //div[. =’text value’] dot represents
text()

Html code of login button is

Ex1- <div>Login</div>
Xpath is: //div[text() = ‘Login’]

Ex2-
<td id=”headerContainer” class=”header”>Please identify yourself</td>
Xpath is: //td[text()=’Please identify yourself’]

C. xpath by contains function

If the text value is changing partially then we can use the contains function
on the xpath.
The syntax is: //tag[contains(text(),value)]
Html code is: <nobr>actiTIME 2020 Online</nobr>
Xpath is: //nobr[contains(text(),’actiTIME’)]

Q: How do you identify the element without using partialLinkText ?

By using xpath by contains function.
Html code: <a>Index(6)</a>
Xpath: //a[contains(text(),’Inbox’)]

*We can use the contains function for attributes also.

The syntax is: //tag[contains(@attribute name,’attribute value’)]
Html code:
<img class="fb_logo _8ilh img"
src="https://static.xx.fbcdn.net/rsrc.php/y8/r/dF5SId3UHWd.svg">
Xpath: //img[contains(@class,’logo’)]

Assignment
Write a script to login to actiTIME application.
Use SendKeys(‘admin’)

D. traversing xpath
Navigating from one element to another element is called traversing.
- There are 2 types of traversing
1. Forward traversing
2. Backward traversing
- Navigating from parent element to child element is called forward
traversing.
- Navigating from child element to parent element is called backward
traversing.
- Sample html code is
<table border =”1”>
<tr>
<td>java</td>
<td>100</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>selenium</td>
<td>300</td>
</tr>
</table>

java 100

Example for forward traversing:(html to selenium)

/html/body/table/tbody/tr[2]/td[1]
Or
//td[text() =’selenium] or //td[. = ‘selenium’]

Example for backward traversing:(from selenium to html)

//td[.='selenium']/../../../../..

E. independent dependent xpath

If the value is changing completely then we handle it using independent
dependent xpath.(to handle dynamic web table also)
-Here we write the xpath using backward and forward traversing.
-We always start from an independent element and end with a dependent
element.
tr
1_____|_____2
| |
td td
Selenium 300

Xpath: //td[.=’selenium’]/../td[2]

Steps to construct HTML tree and write xpath:

1. Identify the independent and dependent element.
2. Inspect the independent element and write the xpath for it.
3. Move the mouse pointer in upward direction step by step till it highlights
both independent and dependent elements. It will be the common parent .
4. Add its path by using /.. Above the code of the independent element.
5. Use the down arrow key to navigate from common parent to dependent
element.
6. Add its path below the common parent.

Q: Write an xpath to identify stable version of java present under language

Q: Write an xpath to identify API docs link for Ruby ?

//p[.='Ruby']/../p[5]/a

Q: Write an xpath to identify the release candidate of python ?

//p[.='Python']/../p[3]/a

Q: Write an xpath to identify the status of testing type of work present in

the type of work web table under settings icon of actiTIME ?
//a[.='testing']/../../../td[2]

Q: Write an xpath to identify the set by default link for manufacturing type
of work?
//td[@class='listtblcell billingTypeCell']/../td[5]/span

Q: Write an xpath to identify the rate for engineering type of work?

//td[@class='listtblcell billingTypeCell']/../td[4]/span

Q: Write an xpath to identify the price of iphone 12 pro present in

amazon.in ?
//span[.='New Apple iPhone 12 Pro (128GB) - Pacific
Blue']/../../../../div[3]/div[1]/div//div[2]/a/span/span

Q: Write an xpath to identify the price of mi band 5 present in flipkart ?

(//div[.='Mi Smart Band 5'])[1]/../../../../../div//div[3]/div/div/div/div

Q: Write an xpath to identify the price of hrx by hrithik roshan t shits

present under men’s section of myntra?
(//h3[.=’HRX by Hrithik Roshan’])[1]/../div/span[1]/span[1]

Q: Write an xpath to identify the price of libas kurtas present under the
women's section of myntra?
(//h3[.='Libas'])[1]/../div/span/span

Q: Write an xpath to identify the price of h&m jeans present under the kids
section of myntra?
(//h3[.='H&M'])[1]/../div/span/span

F. xpath by grouping index

While writing the xpath expression we can write the expression within the ()
and we can specify the index outside the () which is called a group index.

Html
|__body
1 |__div
1 |__a A
2 |__a B
2 |__div
1 |__ a C
2 |__ a D

xpath : (//a)[1] >>> A

A
B

When we use group index 1s it will execute the expression present inside the (),
in this example 1st it will execute //a and it will store matching elements i.e,
ABCD links into xpath array where index starts from 1.

Then it will identify the matching element based on the index which is specified
outside the ( ), in this example it matches with 1st link A.

selenium 100

selenium 300

Xpath: (//td[.='selenium'])[2]/../td[2] (selenium 300)

Q: What are the frequently used locators in selenium ?

Id, name, linkText or xpath
Q: Write a script to login to actiTIME application ?
import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;

public class actiTime {

static {
System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver",
"./driver/chromedriver.exe");
}

public static void main(String[] args) {

WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
driver.get("https://demo.actitime.com/login.do");
driver.findElement(By.xpath("//input[@type
='text']")).sendKeys("admin");

driver.findElement(By.xpath("//input[@type='password']")).sendKeys("manager");
driver.findElement(By.xpath("//div[text() ='Login ']")).click();
}
}
Q: Write a script to remove the text from the text box in OpenSourceBilling
app(email and password text box) ?
import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;

public class RemoveTextValue {

static {
System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver",
"./driver/chromedriver.exe");
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
WebDriver driver =new ChromeDriver();
driver.get("http://demo.opensourcebilling.org/en/users/sign_in");
driver.findElement(By.id("email")).clear();
driver.findElement(By.id("password")).clear();
}
}

Q: Write a script to check whether the facebook logo is displayed or not ?

import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;

public class VerifyLogo {

static {
System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver",
"./driver/chromedriver.exe");
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
WebDriver driver =new ChromeDriver();
driver.get("https://www.facebook.com/");
boolean logo =
driver.findElement(By.xpath("//img[@alt='Facebook']")).isDisplayed();
if(logo==true)
System.out.println("Logo is displayed");
else
{
System.out.println("Logo is not displayed");
}
driver.close();
}
}

Assignment
Write a script to check whether the login button is working or not in
facebook.com
isEnabled()

public class loginButton {

static {
System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver",
"./driver/chromedriver.exe");
}

public static void main(String[] args) {

WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
driver.get("https://en-gb.facebook.com/login/");
boolean result = driver.findElement(By.id("loginbutton")).isEnabled();
System.out.println(result);
driver.close();

}
}

Write a script to print the status of the checkbox present in actiTIME app ?
isSelected()

public class ckeckBox {

static {
System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver",
"./driver/chromedriver.exe");
}

public static void main(String[] args) {

WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
driver.get("https://demo.actitime.com/login.do");
boolean result =
driver.findElement(By.xpath("//input[@name='remember']")).isSelected();
System.out.println(result);
driver.close();
}
}
Write a script to print or get the text of a forgot your password link present
in actiTIME app?
getText()

public class PrintText {

static {
System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver",
"./driver/chromedriver.exe");
}

public static void main(String[] args) {

WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
driver.get("https://demo.actitime.com/login.do");
driver.manage().window().maximize();
String text =
driver.findElement(By.id("toPasswordRecoveryPageLink")).getText();
System.out.println(text);
driver.close();

}
}

Write a program to click on the submit button present in OpenSourceBilling

app without using click() ?
submit()
Note:We can use submit() only when type= submit attribute is present

public class submitButton {

static {
System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver",
"./driver/chromedriver.exe");
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
driver.get("http://demo.opensourcebilling.org/en/users/sign_in");
driver.findElement(By.id("user_login_btn")).submit();
}
}

Q: Write a script to print the height and width of the login button of
facebook ?

public class logoHW {

static {
System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver",
"./driver/chromedriver.exe");
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
driver.get("https://www.facebook.com/");
WebElement loginbtn = driver.findElement(By.name("login"));
//int height =
driver.findElement(By.name("login")).getSize().getHeight();
//int width =
driver.findElement(By.name("login")).getSize().getWidth();
int height = loginbtn.getSize().getHeight();
int width = loginbtn.getSize().getWidth();
System.out.println("height: "+height);
System.out.println("width: "+width);
driver.close();
}
}

Assignment
Write a script to check whether height and width of username and
password text box are equal or not for actiTIME ?

public class actiTImeHW {

static {
System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver",
"./driver/chromedriver.exe");
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
driver.get("https://demo.actitime.com/login.do");
WebElement us = driver.findElement(By.name("username"));
int h1 = us.getSize().getHeight();
int w1 = us.getSize().getWidth();
WebElement pwd = driver.findElement(By.name("pwd"));
int h2 = us.getSize().getHeight();
int w2 = us.getSize().getWidth();
if((h1==h2)&&(w1==w2))
System.out.println("height and width of username and
password is same");
else
System.out.println("height and width of username and
password is different");
driver.close();
}
}

Write a script to print a text of submit button along with the tag name and
class attribute of OpenSourceBilling app ?
getTagName() , getText(), getAttribute(class)

public class getTxtTagCls {

static {
System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver",
"./driver/chromedriver.exe");
}

public static void main(String[] args) {

WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
driver.get("http://demo.opensourcebilling.org/en/users/sign_in");
WebElement result =
driver.findElement(By.xpath("//button[@name='btn_login']"));
String s = result.getTagName();
String s1 = result.getAttribute("class");
String s2 = result.getText();
System.out.println(s);
System.out.println(s1);
System.out.println(s2);
driver.close();
}
}

Q: write a script to check whether username and password text box are
properly aligned or not?

public class VerifyAlign {

static {
System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver",
"./driver/chromedriver.exe");
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
driver.get("https://demo.actitime.com/login.do");
int
x1=driver.findElement(By.name("username")).getLocation().getX();
int x2=driver.findElement(By.name("pwd")).getLocation().getX();
if(x1==x2)
System.out.println("username and password are aligned
properly");
else
System.out.println("username and password are not aligned
properly");
driver.close();
}
}
Q: write a script to check whether gender radio buttons are properly
aligned or not in facebook.com after clicking the create new account button
?
Use Thread.sleep(2000) after clicking

public class radioAlign {

static {
System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver",
"./driver/chromedriver.exe");
}

public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {

WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
driver.get("https://en-gb.facebook.com/");
driver.findElement(By.xpath("(//a[@role='button'])[2]")).click();
Thread.sleep(2000);
int x1 =
driver.findElement(By.xpath("(//input[@type='radio'])[1]")).getLocation().getY();
int x2 =
driver.findElement(By.xpath("(//input[@type='radio'])[2]")).getLocation().getY();
int x3 =
driver.findElement(By.xpath("(//input[@type='radio'])[3]")).getLocation().getY();
if(x1==x2 && x1==x3)
System.out.println("radio buttons are aligned properly");
else
System.out.println("radio buttons are not aligned properly");
driver.close();
}
}

Q: write a script to print the color of the forgotten password link present in
facebook.com?
getcssValue() is used to fetch the value of css like font, color, etc.

public class PrintColor {

static {
System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver",
"./driver/chromedriver.exe");
}

public static void main(String[] args) {

WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
driver.get("https://en-gb.facebook.com/");
WebElement link = driver.findElement(By.linkText("Forgotten
password?"));
String color = link.getCssValue("color");
System.out.println("color: "+color);
String fontType = link.getCssValue("font-family");
System.out.println("fontType: "+fontType);
String fontSize = link.getCssValue("font-size");
System.out.println("fontSize: "+fontSize);
}
}

findElements()

-In order to handle multiple elements we go for findElements() .

-return type of findElements is list of WebElement .
-list should be imported from the java.util package.
-If the locators matching with multiple elements it will return the address of all the
Matching elements.
-if the locators are not matching with any of the elements then findElements()
returns an empty list.

………………….image………………...

Html code:
<html>
<body>
<a id="d1" name="n1" class="c1" href="https://qspiders.com/">Qspiders</a><br>
<a id="d1" name="n1" class="c1" href="https://jspiders.com/">Jspiders</a>
</body>
</html>

*Q: Write a script to print all the links present in Amazon.in ?

public class HandlingMultiElmt {

static {
System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver",
"./driver/chromedriver.exe");
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
driver.get("https://www.amazon.in/");
List<WebElement> allLinks = driver.findElements(By.tagName("a"));
int count = allLinks.size();
System.out.println(count);
for(int i=0;i<count;i++) {
WebElement link = allLinks.get(i);
String text = link.getText();
System.out.println(text);
}
driver.close();
}
}

Note:
In order to take the input from the user use the below code-

public class HandlingMultiElmt {

static {
System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver",
"./driver/chromedriver.exe");
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
System.out.println(“enter the url”)’;
Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
String url = sc.nextLine();
WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
driver.get(url);
List<WebElement> allLinks = driver.findElements(By.tagName("a"));
int count = allLinks.size();
System.out.println(count);
for(int i=0;i<count;i++) {
WebElement link = allLinks.get(i);
String text = link.getText();
System.out.println(text);
}
driver.close();
}
}

Automate the following scenario

1.open the chrome browser
2.go to google.com type java in the search text box.
3.find all the auto suggestions and print the count of auto suggestions
4.print the text of all auto suggestions
5.select the first auto suggestion.

public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {

WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
driver.get("https://www.google.com/");
// enter java into the search text box
driver.findElement(By.name("q")).sendKeys("java");
Thread.sleep(2000);
// store all the links inside the list matching with the word java
List<WebElement> autosug =
driver.findElements(By.xpath("//span[contains(.,'java')]"));
int count = autosug.size();
System.out.println(count);
for(int i=0;i<count;i++)
{
//WebElement allsugg = autosug.get(i);
String text = autosug.get(i).getText();
System.out.println(text);
}
// using for each loop
/*for(WebElement sugg:autosug) {
System.out.println(sugg.getText());
}
*/
//click on the 1st suggestion
autosug.get(0).click();
driver.close();
}
}

Assignment:
Q:Write the above 2 programs using for each loop
Q:Automate the following scenario
1.open the browser.
2. Go to flipkart.com type iphone in the search text box find all the
auto suggestions.
3.print all the auto suggestions along with count(using for each loop).
4.click on the last auto suggestion.

*Q:Difference b/w findElement() and findElements()

findElement() findElements()
1.Return type of findElement is 1.Return type is list of WebElements.
WebElement.
2.if the locator is not matching it will 2. Here it returns an empty list.
throw a NoSuchElementException.
3. If the locators are matching with 3. It returns all the matching elements
multiple elements it will return the 1st
matching element.
4. Used to handle a single element. 4. Used to handle multiple elements.

Synchronization

-Process of matching the selenium speed with the application is called

synchronization.
-most of the time selenium is faster than the application because of this reason
we may not get the expected result or we end up with NoSuchElementException.

Example for Thread.sleep( ):

public class actiTime {

static {
System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver",
"./driver/chromedriver.exe");
}

public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {

WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
driver.get("https://demo.actitime.com/login.do");
driver.findElement(By.xpath("//input[@type
='text']")).sendKeys("admin");
driver.findElement(By.xpath("//input[@type='password']")).sendKeys("manager");
driver.findElement(By.xpath("//div[text() ='Login ']")).click();
Thread.sleep(5000);
driver.findElement(By.className("logout")).click();
}
}

Implicit wait()
-In selenium there are different ways to synchronize the sleep
-One of the frequently used options is Implicit wait.
The Syntax is -
driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait( time, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
It takes 2 arguments
1.time duration(long)
2.timeUnit (microseconds, milliseconds, seconds. Minutes, hours, days etc)
The specified duration is used only by findElements and findElement statement
- means implicit wait will work only for findElements() and findElement().
Default value for implicit wait is zero second.

Flow diagram

When the control comes to any findElement or findElements statement it will

check whether the element is present or not.
If the element is present then the findElement() will return the 1st matching
element, whereas findElements returns all the matching elements.
If the specified element is not present then it will check for the timeout.
If the time is over then findElement() throws NoSuchElementException, whereas
findElements() returns empty list.
If the time is not over it will wait for 500ms(half second) which is called the polling
period.
Then it will continue to check whether an element is present or not.

public class Syncronization {

static {
System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver",
"./driver/chromedriver.exe");
}

public static void main(String[] args) {

WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(10,
TimeUnit.SECONDS);
driver.get("https://demo.actitime.com/login.do");
driver.findElement(By.xpath("//input[@type
='text']")).sendKeys("admin");

driver.findElement(By.xpath("//input[@type='password']")).sendKeys("manager");
driver.findElement(By.xpath("//div[text() ='Login ']")).click();
driver.findElement(By.className("logout")).click();
}
}

Q:Can we specify implicit wait statements multiple times in the script?

Yes
Q: Is it necessary to write implicit wait statements multiple times?
No

Explicit wait()

In order to handle the synchronization of any method, we can use explicit wait.
WebDriverWait itself is called an explicit wait, because we have to specify the
waiting condition explicitly.

Syntax : WebDriverWait wait = new WebDriverWait(driver,10);

wait.until(ExpectedConditions.titleIs("actiTIME - Enter Time-Track"));

Flow diagram
When the controls comes to wait.until statement it will check the specific
condition.
If the condition is true it will go to the next statement, if the condition is false it will
check for the time out.
If the time is over, it will throw TimeOutException, else it will wait for 500ms and it
will continue to check the condition.
Note: in the above flow diagram titleIs is the condition.
By using explicit wait we can handle the synchronization of any statement
but only one at a time.

Script:

public class ExplicitWait {

static {
System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver",
"./driver/chromedriver.exe");
}

public static void main(String[] args) {

driver.findElement(By.xpath("//input[@type='password']")).sendKeys("manager");
driver.findElement(By.xpath("//div[text() ='Login ']")).click();
WebDriverWait wait = new WebDriverWait(driver,10);
wait.until(ExpectedConditions.titleContains("Enter"));
// wait.until(ExpectedConditions.titleIs("actiTIME - Enter
Time-Track"));
String title= driver.getTitle();
System.out.println(title);
driver.close();
}
}

Note:
ExpectedCondition is an interface and ExpectedConditions is a class.

Q: Can we handle the synchronization of findElement() using explicit wait?

Yes.

public class expectedConditions {

static {
System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver",
"./driver/chromedriver.exe");
}

public static void main(String[] args) {

wait.until(ExpectedConditions.visibilityOfElementLocated(By.id("logoutLink")));
driver.findElement(By.id("logoutLink")).click();
driver.close();
}
}

CustomWait:

Handling the synchronization of the automation script by writing our own java
code is called as custom wait.
Example

public class CustomWait {

static {
System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver",
"./driver/chromedriver.exe");
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
driver.get("https://demo.actitime.com/login.do");
driver.findElement(By.xpath("//input[@type
='text']")).sendKeys("admin");

driver.findElement(By.xpath("//input[@type='password']")).sendKeys("manager");
driver.findElement(By.xpath("//div[text() ='Login ']")).click();
int i = 0;
while(i<1000)
{
try
{
driver.findElement(By.id("logoutLink")).click();
break;
}
catch(NoSuchElementException e)
{
i++ ;
}
}
//driver.close();
}
}

Q: What is the default value of the polling period?

Half second or 500 ms

Q: What are the different ways to sync the script ?

ImplicitWait, ExplicitWait, Thread.sleep, CustomWait, fluentWait(it is mainly
used to change the polling period and not widely used in industry)

*Q: What is the difference between Implicit and Explicit wait ?

ImplicitWait ExplicitWait

1.We don’t specify the waiting 1.We should specify the waiting
condition explicitly. condition explicitly.

2. We can handle the sync of all the 2. We can handle the sync of any
findElement() and findElements(). method but only one at a time.

3. After the duration we get 3. After the duration we get a

NoSuchElementException. TimeOutException.
4. Time duration can be days, hours, 4. Time duration will be only seconds.
minutes, seconds...etc.

Q: write a script to check whether the login page is loaded within 15s or
not?

public class PageLoadTimeOut {

static {
System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver",
"./driver/chromedriver.exe");
}

public static void main(String[] args) {

WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
driver.manage().timeouts().pageLoadTimeout(15,
TimeUnit.SECONDS);
try {
driver.get("https://demo.actitime.com/login.do");
System.out.println("the login page loading within 15s");
}
catch(Exception e) {
System.out.println("the login page is not loading within 15s");
}
driver.close();
}
}

Q: Write a script to copy the text present in the email text box and paste it
into the password text box for OpenSourceBilling app.

public class copyPaste {

static {
System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver",
"./driver/chromedriver.exe");
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
WebDriver driver =new ChromeDriver();
driver.get("http://demo.opensourcebilling.org/en/users/sign_in");
driver.findElement(By.id("email")).sendKeys(Keys.CONTROL+"ac");

driver.findElement(By.id("password")).sendKeys(Keys.CONTROL+"av");
}
}

Handling Listbox (dropdown or combo box)

- There are two types of listbox 1.single select listbox
2.multi select listbox

- Whenever a listbox is created using select tag and content of the listbox is
created using Option tag.
- Then to handle this listbox we use the select class of selenium. It should
be imported from ‘org.openqa.selenium.support.ui‘ package.
- Select class has a parameterised constructor where it takes an argument
of type webelement (address of the listbox).
- In order to perform action on the listbox we can use anyone of the
following methods:
1. selectByIndex(int) >>>> takes int as an argument
2. selectByValue(String) >>>> takes String as an argument
3. selectByVisibleText(String)
4. deSelectByIndex(int)
5. deSelectByValue(String)
6. deSelectByVisibleText(String)
7. deSelectAll()
8. getFirstSelectedOption()
9. getAllSelectedOption()
10. isMultiple()
11. getOptions()
12. getWrappedElement()
Q: write a script to select the options present in the month listbox present
in facebook?

public class SelectClass {

static {
System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver",
"./driver/chromedriver.exe");
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
driver.get("https://en-gb.facebook.com/");
driver.findElement(By.linkText("Create New Account")).click();
WebElement monthlist = driver.findElement(By.id("month"));
Select s= new Select(monthlist);
s.selectByIndex(12);
Thread.sleep(3000);
s.selectByValue("3");
Thread.sleep(3000);
s.selectByVisibleText("Sep");
}
}

Assignment
Q: Write a script to select your DOB on facebook.com?
public class FacebookDob {
static {
System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver",
"./driver/chromedriver.exe");
}

public static void main(String[] args) {

WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
driver.get("https://en-gb.facebook.com/");
driver.findElement(By.linkText("Create New Account")).click();
WebElement daylist = driver.findElement(By.name("birthday_day"));
Select d = new Select(daylist);
d.selectByIndex(14);
WebElement monlist =
driver.findElement(By.name("birthday_month"));
Select m = new Select(monlist);
m.selectByValue("12");
WebElement yearlist =
driver.findElement(By.name("birthday_year"));
Select y = new Select(yearlist);
y.selectByVisibleText("1996");
}
}

Note:
-If the specific option is duplicate then it will select the 1st matching element, if
the specific option is not present then it will throw NoSuchElementException.
-if you try to use deSelect() on the single select listbox we get
UnsupportedOperationException.
-While creating the object of the select class if we specify the WebElement which
is not a listbox then we get UnexpectedTagNameException.

Handling multi-Select listbox

HTML code to create static web page-

public class multiSelect {

static {
System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver",
"./driver/chromedriver.exe");
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
driver.get("file:///C:/Users/SATEESH/Desktop/Hotel.html");
WebElement mtrlist = driver.findElement(By.id("mtr"));
Select s = new Select(mtrlist);
Thread.sleep(3000);
s.selectByIndex(0);
s.selectByValue("v");
s.selectByVisibleText("dosa");
Thread.sleep(2000);
s.deselectAll();
System.out.println("s.isMultiple()");
// this will check whether list box is multiple select or single select and returns
boolean value
driver.close();
}
}

Q: Write a script to print the first selected element present in the SLV
listbox?
public class FirstSelectedOpt {
static {
System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver",
"./driver/chromedriver.exe");
}

public static void main(String[] args) {

WebDriver driver =new ChromeDriver();
driver.get("file:///C:/Users/SATEESH/Desktop/Hotel.html");
WebElement slvList = driver.findElement(By.id("slv"));
Select s = new Select(slvList);
WebElement firstopt = s.getFirstSelectedOption();
String text = firstopt.getText();
System.out.println(text);
driver.close();
}
}
Q: Write a script to print all the selected elements present in the SLV
listbox?
public class AllSelected {
static {
System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver",
"./driver/chromedriver.exe");
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
driver.get("file:///C:/Users/SATEESH/Desktop/Hotel.html");
WebElement slvListbox = driver.findElement(By.id("slv"));
Select s = new Select(slvListbox);
List<WebElement> allSelectedOpt = s.getAllSelectedOptions();
int count = allSelectedOpt.size();
System.out.println(count);
for(int i=0;i<count;i++)
{
String text=allSelectedOpt.get(i).getText();
System.out.println(text);
}
driver.close();
}
}

Q: write a script to print all the options present in the MTR listbox?

public class PrintAllOpt {

static {
System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver",
"./driver/chromedriver.exe");
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
driver.get("file:///C:/Users/SATEESH/Desktop/Hotel.html");
WebElement mtrListbox = driver.findElement(By.id("mtr"));
Select s = new Select(mtrListbox);
List<WebElement> allOpt = s.getOptions();
for(WebElement options:allOpt)
{
String text = options.getText();
System.out.println(text);
}
driver.close();
}
}

Assignment:

1. Write a script to navigate to flipkart.com and search for iphone 12 and

print all the iphones product name along with price in the below
format ?
Product 1 -> price
Product 2 -> price

public class ProductPrice {

static {
System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver",
"./driver/chromedriver.exe");
}

public static void main(String[] args) {

WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(5,
TimeUnit.SECONDS);
driver.get("https://www.flipkart.com/");

driver.findElement(By.xpath("//input[@type='text']")).sendKeys("iphone
12"+ Keys.ENTER);
List<WebElement> proName =
driver.findElements(By.xpath("//div[@class='_4rR01T']"));
List<WebElement> price =
driver.findElements(By.xpath("//div[@class='_30jeq3 _1_WHN1']"));
int count = proName.size();
System.out.println(count);
for(int i=0;i<count;i++) {
String text = proName.get(i).getText();
String text1 = price.get(i).getText();
System.out.println(text+ "--->"+ text1);

}
driver.close();
}
}

2. Write a script to search for wipro jobs in google.com and capture all
the URLs (after navigating to search page by clicking enter)
Inside for loop
allLInks = get(i).get(Attribute(href));

public class WiproUrl {

static {
System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver",
"./driver/chromedriver.exe");
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(5,
TimeUnit.SECONDS);
driver.get("https://www.google.com/");
driver.findElement(By.name("q")).sendKeys("wipro
jobs"+Keys.ENTER);
List<WebElement> allLinks =
driver.findElements(By.xpath("//a[contains(.,'ipro')]"));
int count = allLinks.size();
System.out.println(count);
for(WebElement allUrl:allLinks) {
String url = allUrl.getAttribute("href");
System.out.println(url);
}
driver.close();
}

3. Write a script to navigate to bbc.com then capture 5 top latest

business news and print it on the console.
Use independent-dependent xpath
//span[@class='top-list-item__bullet']/../h3

public class BbcNews {

static {
System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver",
"./driver/chromedriver.exe");
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
WebDriver driver =new ChromeDriver();
driver.get("https://www.bbc.com/");
List<WebElement> topnews =
driver.findElements(By.xpath("//span[@class='top-list-item__bullet']/../h3"));
int count = topnews.size();
System.out.println(count);
for(WebElement Lnews:topnews)
{
String text = Lnews.getText();
System.out.println(text);
}
}
}

4. Write a script to print all the options in mtr listbox without

duplicates?
Use hashset concept

public class NoDuplicateOpt {

static {
System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver",
"./driver/chromedriver.exe");
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
HashSet<String> hs = new HashSet<>();
WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
driver.get("file:///C:/Users/SATEESH/Desktop/Hotel.html");
WebElement mtrListbox = driver.findElement(By.id("mtr"));
Select s = new Select(mtrListbox);
List<WebElement> allOpt = s.getOptions();
int count = allOpt.size();
System.out.println(count);
for(int i=0;i<count;i++) {
String text= allOpt.get(i).getText();
hs.add(text);
}
// this for each loop is to print the options vertically
for(String text:hs) {
System.out.println(text);
}
driver.close();
}
}

5. Write a script to print all the duplicate options present in the MTR
listbox?

public class OnlyDuplicate {

static {
System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver",
"./driver/chromedriver.exe");
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
HashSet<String> hs = new HashSet<>();
WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
driver.get("file:///C:/Users/SATEESH/Desktop/Hotel.html");
WebElement mtrListbox = driver.findElement(By.id("mtr"));
Select s = new Select(mtrListbox);
List<WebElement> allOpt = s.getOptions();
int count = allOpt.size();
System.out.println(count);
for(int i=0;i<count;i++) {
String text= allOpt.get(i).getText();
if(hs.add(text)==false){
System.out.println(text);
}
// here hashset will not allow duplicate value so the add() method will
return false
}
driver.close();

}
}

6. WAS to print all the options present in MTR listbox in alphabetical

order (with and without using order treeSet)?
Use Sort without treeSet .

sorted:
public class AphabeticalOrder {
static {
System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver",
"./driver/chromedriver.exe");
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
ArrayList<String> al = new ArrayList<String>();
WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
driver.get("file:///C:/Users/SATEESH/Desktop/Hotel.html");
WebElement mtrlist = driver.findElement(By.id("mtr"));
Select s = new Select(mtrlist);
List<WebElement> allOpt = s.getOptions();
for(int i =0;i<allOpt.size();i++) {
String text = allOpt.get(i).getText();
al.add(text);
}
Collections.sort(al);
System.out.println(al);
for(int i=0; i<al.size();i++) // to print vertically
{
System.out.println(al.get(i));
}
driver.close();
}
}

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Using treeset:

public class mtrAlpa {

static {
System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver",
"./driver/chromedriver.exe");
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
TreeSet<String> ts = new TreeSet<String>();
WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
driver.get("file:///C:/Users/SATEESH/Desktop/Hotel.html");
WebElement mtrListbox = driver.findElement(By.id("mtr"));
Select s = new Select(mtrListbox);
List<WebElement> allOpt = s.getOptions();
int count = allOpt.size();
System.out.println(count);
for(int i=0;i<count;i++) {
String text= allOpt.get(i).getText();
ts.add(text);
}
for(String text:ts) {
System.out.println(text);
}

}
}

{in hashSet we can’t use normal for loop for ascending order since it
doesn’t preserve the insertion order and we can’t use index value, whereas
in arraylist we can use normal for loop }

*Q: WaS to select all the options in the MTR listbox and deselect them in
reverse order?

public class DeselectInReverse {

static {
System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver",
"./driver/chromedriver.exe");
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
driver.get("file:///C:/Users/SATEESH/Desktop/Hotel.html");
WebElement mtrlist = driver.findElement(By.id("mtr"));
Select s = new Select(mtrlist);
List<WebElement> allOpt = s.getOptions();
int count = allOpt.size();
for(int i=0;i<count;i++) {
s.selectByIndex(i);
Thread.sleep(2000);
}
for(int i=count-1;i>=0;i--) {
s.deselectByIndex(i);
Thread.sleep(2000);
}
driver.close();
}
}

Handlings Pop-ups

- In selenium depending on the popup we write different types of code to

perform action on the popup.
- Pop ups are generally categorised as follows
1. Javascript or alert popup
2. Hidden division or calendar popup
3. File upload popup
4. File download popup
5. Notification popup
6. Authentication popup
7. Child window popup

JavaScript or Alert Popup (confirmation popup)

Characteristics:

1. We can not move this popup.

2. We can’t inspect this popup.
3. This popup will have an OK button(alert) and if it contains an OK and
CANCEL button(confirmation popup).
4. It will be present below the address bar in the middle section of the
browser.

Solution:

To handle javascript popup we use driver.switchTo().alert() statement

1. accept() : to click on the OK button.
2. dismiss() : to click on the CANCEL button.
3. getText() : to get the text present on the popup.
4. sendKeys() : to enter the text on the popup.
Example-
public class HandlingPopup {
static {
System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver",
"./driver/chromedriver.exe");
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();

driver.get("https://www.seleniumeasy.com/test/javascript-alert-box-demo.html");
driver.findElement(By.xpath("//button[@class='btn
btn-default']")).click();
WebDriverWait wait= new WebDriverWait(driver, 10);
wait.until(ExpectedConditions.alertIsPresent());
String text = driver.switchTo().alert().getText();
driver.switchTo().alert().accept();
/*[
Alert a = driver.switchTo().alert();
String text = a.getText();
a.accept();
// since we are using driver.switchTo().alert() multiples times, so to use easily we
will store it in a variable
] */
System.out.println(text);
driver.close();
}
}

All the above codes will work on confirmation popup also.

Note: if the popup is alert then there will be no difference between accept and
dismiss, both will click on the OK button only.
Hidden division or calendar popup
Characteristics:
1. We can’t move this popup.
2. We can inspect this popup.
Solution:
1. We handle this popup by using findElement().

Example:
public class HiddenAlert {
static {
System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver",
"./driver/chromedriver.exe");
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
driver.get("https://www.flipkart.com/");
Thread.sleep(3000);
driver.findElement(By.xpath("(//button)[2]")).click();
driver.close();
}
}

Assignment
1. Automate the following scenario
a. Open the browser
b. Enter the URL
(https://www.careinsurance.com/rhicl/proposalcp/renew/index-c
are)
c. Enter the policy no. as 123
d. Click on DOB
e. Select your DOB
f. Enter you contact no. as 9845798457
g. Click on lets renew button
public class CareInsuranceHiddenDivision {
static {
System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver",
"./driver/chromedriver.exe");
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS);

driver.get("https://www.careinsurance.com/rhicl/proposalcp/renew/index-care");
driver.findElement(By.className("form-control")).sendKeys("123");
driver.findElement(By.id("dob")).click();
WebElement mon =
driver.findElement(By.className("ui-datepicker-month"));
Select s = new Select(mon);
s.selectByValue("11");
WebElement year =
driver.findElement(By.className("ui-datepicker-year"));
Select s1 = new Select(year);
s1.selectByValue("1996");
driver.findElement(By.xpath("//a[.='14']")).click();

driver.findElement(By.id("alternative_number")).sendKeys("9854798547");
driver.findElement(By.id("renew_policy_submit")).submit();

}
}

File upload popup

Characteristics
1. We can move this popup.
2. We can’t inspect this popup.
3. This popup will have an Open and cancel Button.
4. Title of the popup will be either Open or File upload.
Type this HTML code on the notepad and save it on the desktop.
<input type="file" id="cv"/>

Solution:
a. To handle file upload popup we specify the absolute path of the file
as an argument for sendKeys().
b. sendKeys() should be used for the element on which if we click,
which displays the popup.

Example:

public class FileUpload {

File is a class present in java.io package, it takes file path as an argument.

getAbsolutePath() is a non-static member present in file class, it converts relative
path into absolute path.

*Assignment

2. Write a script to login to naukri.com and upload your resume into it?
public class NaukriResume {
static{
System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver",
"./driver/chromedriver.exe");
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
driver.get("https://www.naukri.com/");
driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
driver.findElement(By.id("login_Layer")).click();
driver.findElement(By.xpath("//input[@placeholder='Enter your active
Email ID / Username']")).sendKeys("[email protected]");

driver.findElement(By.xpath("//input[@type='password']")).sendKeys("Vijaya30@"
);
driver.findElement(By.xpath("//button[@type='submit']")).submit();
driver.findElement(By.xpath("//div[text()='UPDATE
PROFILE']")).click();
Thread.sleep(3000);
File f = new File("./data/Resume.docx");
String abspath = f.getAbsolutePath();
driver.findElement(By.xpath("(//input[@class='fileUpload
waves-effect waves-light btn-large'])[1]")).sendKeys(abspath);
}
}

=======================================

[ Robot is a class
keyPress is a non-static method present in robot class.
Keyevent is a static method having all the characters as constant.
We can enter all the char by:
robot r= new robot();
keyPress( KeyEvent.VK_Q);

Here VK stands for virtual keys.

For other than numbers and alphabets keys we need to release the Key using keyRelease()
sendKeys() works only for browsers. ]
====================================================
Robot class:

Robot class is a java class present in java.awt package (abstract window toolkit)
We use robot class whenever we want to perform any keyboard operations in
windows.
In robot class we commonly use two methods
1. keyPress()
2. keyRelease()
Robot class works similar to sendKeys().

Q: Write a program to type qsp on the notepad?

public class DemoRobotClass {

public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, AWTException {

Runtime.getRuntime().exec("notepad");
Robot r = new Robot();
r.keyPress(KeyEvent.VK_SHIFT);
r.keyPress(KeyEvent.VK_Q);
r.keyRelease(KeyEvent.VK_SHIFT);
r.keyPress(KeyEvent.VK_S);
r.keyPress(KeyEvent.VK_P);

}
}

Note:
Runtime is a java class and it is a singleton class. Singleton class means it will
allow you to create only one object at any instance of time.

File download popup:

Characteristic with respect to firefox browser

1. We can move this popup.
2. We can’t inspect this popup.
3. This popup will have an Open with and Save file radio button, along with
Ok and Cancel button.

Solution:
1. By using Robot Class.

Q: Automate the following scenario

1. Open the firefox browser.
2. Go to the download page of selenium.
3. Click on the download link of java.(which will display file download
popup)
4. Select save file radio button by pressing Alt+s .
5. Click on the OK button by pressing enter.

public class FileDownloadPopup {

static {
System.setProperty("webdriver.gecko.driver",
"./driver/geckdriver.exe");
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws AWTException,
InterruptedException {
WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver();
driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/downloads/");
driver.findElement(By.xpath("//p[.='Java']/../p[2]/a")).click();
Thread.sleep(1000);
Robot r = new Robot();
r.keyPress(KeyEvent.VK_ALT);
r.keyPress(KeyEvent.VK_S);
r.keyRelease(KeyEvent.VK_ALT);
r.keyPress(KeyEvent.VK_ENTER);
r.keyRelease(KeyEvent.VK_ENTER);
}
}
When we click on any type of download option in chrome browser, it will not
display file download popup, instead of that it will start downloading file directly,
hence we don’t have to handle file download popup in chrome browser.
In all other browsers we use Robot class.

Print popup
Characteristics with respect to firefox
1. We can move this popup.(we can’t move this popup in newer version)
2. We can’t inspect this pop.
3. It will have a print and cancel button.
Solution
1. We handle this popup by using Robot class.

Note:
We use Robot class to handle print popups in all the browsers except chrome.
In the chrome browser we inspect the print button(elements) so we handle it by
using findElement().

Assignment
1: Automate the following scenario
1. Open the firefox browser.
2. Go to the download page of selenium.
3. Click on the link 3.141.59 under the latest stable version of selenium
grid.
4. Click on the save file button on the popup.

2: Write a script to download your resume from naukri.com by using the

firefox browser.

public class DownloadResume {

static {
System.setProperty("webdriver.gecko.driver",
"./driver/geckodriver.exe");
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException,
AWTException {
WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver();
driver.get("https://www.naukri.com/");
driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(60, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
driver.findElement(By.id("login_Layer")).click();
driver.findElement(By.xpath("//input[@placeholder='Enter your active
Email ID / Username']")).sendKeys("[email protected]");

driver.findElement(By.xpath("//input[@type='password']")).sendKeys("Vijaya30@"
);
driver.findElement(By.xpath("//button[@type='submit']")).submit();
driver.findElement(By.xpath("//div[text()='UPDATE
PROFILE']")).click();
driver.findElement(By.xpath("//i[@title='Click here to download your
resume']")).click();
Thread.sleep(2000);
Robot r = new Robot();
r.keyPress(KeyEvent.VK_ALT);
r.keyPress(KeyEvent.VK_S);
r.keyRelease(KeyEvent.VK_ALT);
r.keyPress(KeyEvent.VK_ENTER);
r.keyRelease(KeyEvent.VK_ENTER);

}
}

3: Automate the following scenario

1. Open the firefox browser.
2. Go to goole.com.
3. Press ctrl+p to get a print popup.
4. Select the number of copies as 3 and click on the print button.
Notification popup

Characteristics
1. We can’t move this popup.
2. We can’t inspect this popup.
3. This popup has an allow and block button.
4. It will be displayed below the address bar in the beginning.
Solution
1. In order to handle this popup we change the settings of the browser, so
that notification popup will not be displayed.
2. To change the settings of the browser we use addArguments() of the
ChromeOptions class.

Note
addArguments() is an example for method overloading.(where it takes string or
list<string> as an argument).
For every browser we have respective Options classes like FirefoxOptions,
internetExplorerOptions, OperaOptions etc.
In order to open the browser in modified settings we use parameterised
constructor in each browser class.
new ChromeDriver() ------ opens the browser in default settings
new ChromeDriver(option) ------ opens the browser in modified settings.

The above statement is an example for constructor overloading.

public class NotificationPopup {

static {
System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver",
"./driver/chromedriver.exe");
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
ChromeOptions option = new ChromeOptions();
option.addArguments("--disable-notifications");
WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(option);
driver.get("https://www.yatra.com/");
}
}
Authentication Popup
Characteristics
1. We can’t move this popup.
2. We can’t inspect this popup.
3. This popup will have a username and password text box along with a
sign-in and cancel button.

Solution
We handle this popup by sending username and password along with the URL
inside the get().

Test Data:
Username: admin
Password: admin
https://the-internet.herokuapp.com/basic_auth

public class AuthenticationPopup {

static {
System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver",
"./driver/chromedriver.exe");
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();

driver.get("https://admin:[email protected]/basic_auth");
}
}
Child window popup or child browser popup
Characteristics
1. We can move the popup.
2. We can inspect the popup.
3. This popup has minimize, maximize and close the button along with the
address bar.

Solution
1. To handle this popup we use getWindowHandle() , getWindowHandles()
and driver.switchto().window() statement.

public class ChildWondowPopup {

static{
System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver",
"./driver/chromedriver.exe");
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
driver.get("https://www.google.com/");
String wh=driver.getWindowHandle();
System.out.println(wh);
driver.close();
}
}

Note
- Address of the browser present on the desktop is called windowHandle
(session id).
- In order to retrieve it we use getWindowHandle() .

Q: Write a script to count the number of browsers opened in Naukri.com?

public class NaukriChildWindows {

static{
System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver",
"./driver/chromedriver.exe");
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
driver.get("https://www.naukri.com/");
Set<String> allWh = driver.getWindowHandles();
int count = allWh.size();
System.out.println(count);
driver.quit();
}
}

Q: write a script to print all the windowHandles present in the naukri .com?
public class NaukriChildWindows {
static{
System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver",
"./driver/chromedriver.exe");
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
driver.get("https://www.naukri.com/");
Set<String> allWh = driver.getWindowHandles();
int count = allWh.size();
System.out.println(count);
for(String text:allWh)
{
System.out.println(text);
}
driver.quit();
}
}
Q: What is the difference between getWindowHandle() and
getWindowHandles() ?

getWindowHandle() getWindowHandles()

Returns the address of current Returns the address of all the

browsers browsers.

Return type of getWindowHandel is Return type of getWindowHandles() is

String. a set of Strings.

Q: WAS to get the titles of all the browsers opened by the naukri.com ?
public class GetTitleOFChildWindows {
static{
System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver",
"./driver/chromedriver.exe");
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
driver.get("https://www.naukri.com/");
Set<String> allWh = driver.getWindowHandles();
for(String text:allWh) {
driver.switchTo().window(text); // here we are switching the
control to all the browsers opened.
System.out.println(driver.getTitle()); // printing the title of the
browsers
}
driver.quit();
}
}

**Q: WAS to close all the browsers present in naukri.com without using
quit()?

public class CloseAllChildWithoutQuit {

static{
System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver",
"./driver/chromedriver.exe");
}

public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {

WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
driver.get("https://www.naukri.com/");
Set<String> allWh = driver.getWindowHandles();
for(String text:allWh) {
driver.switchTo().window(text);
System.out.println(driver.getTitle());
Thread.sleep(2000);
driver.close();
}
}
}

**Q: WAS to close all browsers except the parent browser in naukri.com?
public class CloseOnlyChildBrowsers {
static{
System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver",
"./driver/chromedriver.exe");
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
driver.get("https://www.naukri.com/");
Set<String> allWh = driver.getWindowHandles();
String parent = driver.getWindowHandle();
for(String wh:allWh) {
driver.switchTo().window(wh);
if(parent.equals(wh)) {

}
else
driver.close();
}
}
}

**Q: WAS to close all the browsers except the specific browser?
Or
WAS to close only the specific browser?

public class CloseSpecificBrowser {

static{
System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver",
"./driver/chromedriver.exe");
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
System.out.println("enter the title which you need to close");
Scanner s = new Scanner(System.in);
String expTitle = s.nextLine();
WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
driver.get("https://www.naukri.com/");
Set<String> allWh = driver.getWindowHandles();
for(String wh:allWh) {
driver.switchTo().window(wh);
String actualTitle = driver.getTitle();
if(actualTitle.contains(expTitle)) //
if(actualTitle.equals(expTitle))
{
driver.close();
}
}

}
Summary of the PopUps

Popup Solutions

Alert popup or javascript popup switchTo.()alert() statement

Hidden division or calendar popup findElement()

File upload popup browserbutton.sendKeys(absolute path)

Robot class, for chrome no need to

File download popup handle

Robot class, for chrome we use

Print popup findElement().

Notification popup By using addArguments() of browser

options class(ChromeOptions)

Authentication popup By sending username and password

along with URL in get().

Child window popup By using getWindowHandles() and

switchTo.window() statement.

Handling tabs

In selenium Tab is also treated as a window. Here we are going to handle the tab
in the same way as we handled child window or child browser popup.

Q: WAS to count the number of tabs present in the browser after clicking
actiTIME inc. link ?

public class HandlingTabs {

static{
System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver",
"./driver/chromedriver.exe");
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
driver.get("https://demo.actitime.com/login.do");
driver.findElement(By.linkText("actiTIME Inc.")).click();
Set<String> allWh=driver.getWindowHandles();
int count = allWh.size();
System.out.println(count);
}
}

Q: how do you close the current tab?

driver.close()

Q: how do you close all the tabs?

driver.quit()

Q: How do you close all the tabs without using quit() after clicking the
actiTIME Inc. link ?
public class HandlingTabs {
static{
System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver",
"./driver/chromedriver.exe");
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
driver.get("https://demo.actitime.com/login.do");
driver.findElement(By.linkText("actiTIME Inc.")).click();
Set<String> allWh=driver.getWindowHandles();
int count = allWh.size();
System.out.println(count);
for(String allTabs:allWh) {
driver.switchTo().window(allTabs);
driver.close();
}
}
}
Assignment

1. WAS to print the title of all the tabs opened by the browser after
clicking actiTIME Inc. ?
public class actiTimeTitles {
static{
System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver",
"./driver/chromedriver.exe");
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
driver.get("https://demo.actitime.com/login.do");
driver.findElement(By.linkText("actiTIME Inc.")).click();
Set<String> allWh=driver.getWindowHandles();
for(String title:allWh) {
driver.switchTo().window(title);
System.out.println(driver.getTitle());
}
}
}

*Q: WAS to close the child tab 1st then the parent tab by using an iterator?

public class HandlingTabsIterator {

static{
System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver",
"./driver/chromedriver.exe");
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
driver.get("https://demo.actitime.com/login.do");
driver.findElement(By.linkText("actiTIME Inc.")).click();
Set<String> allWh=driver.getWindowHandles();
Iterator<String> itr = allWh.iterator();
String pwh = itr.next(); // allWh.iterator().next();
String cwh = itr.next();
Thread.sleep(2000);
driver.switchTo().window(cwh);
driver.close();
driver.switchTo().window(pwh);
driver.close();
}
}

Assignment

2. Automate the following scenarios

a. open the browser.
b. Go to actiTIME.com.
c. Login to the application.
d. Click on About your actiTIME present under Help dropdown.
e. Click on Read Service Agreement link on the popup.
f. Capture all the headings and print it on the console present on
the new tab.
g. Close the new tab.
h. Close the parent tab.
public class actiTimeServiceAgreementHeadings {
static{
System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver",
"./driver/chromedriver.exe");
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
driver.get("https://demo.actitime.com/login.do");
driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
driver.findElement(By.xpath("//input[@type
='text']")).sendKeys("admin");

driver.findElement(By.xpath("//input[@type='password']")).sendKeys("manager");
driver.findElement(By.xpath("//div[text() ='Login ']")).click();
driver.findElement(By.xpath("(//div[@class='popup_menu_icon'])[4]")).click();
driver.findElement(By.linkText("About your actiTIME")).click();
Thread.sleep(2000);
driver.findElement(By.xpath("//a[contains(.,'Read Service
Agreement')]")).click();
Set<String> wh = driver.getWindowHandles();
int count = wh.size();
System.out.println(count);
for(String agtab:wh) {
driver.switchTo().window(agtab);
}
List<WebElement> headings =
driver.findElements(By.xpath("//h2"));
for(WebElement allHeadings:headings)
{
System.out.println(allHeadings.getText());
}
driver.quit();
}
}

3. WAS to cleartrip.com or yatra or makemytrip and search for the

flights available on 30-Sep to Bangalore(BLR) to Goa(GOI), capture
departure time and flight name and print it on the console after
clicking on the search flight button.

public class ClearTrip {

driver.findElement(By.xpath("//p[contains(.,'Bangalore')]")).click();
driver.findElement(By.xpath("(//input[@placeholder='Any
worldwide city or airport'])[2]")).sendKeys("GOI");
driver.findElement(By.xpath("//p[contains(.,'Goa')]")).click();
driver.findElement(By.xpath("//div[@class='flex flex-middle
p-relative homeCalender']")).click();
driver.findElement(By.xpath("//div[@aria-label='Thu Sep 30
2021']")).click();
driver.findElement(By.xpath("//button[.='Search
flights']")).click();
List<WebElement> flights =
driver.findElements(By.xpath("//img[@class]"));
List<WebElement> time =
driver.findElements(By.xpath("//img[@class]/../../../../../../../../div/div/div/div[2
]/div/div[1]/p"));
int count = flights.size();
int count1 = time.size();
System.out.println(count+" "+ count1);
for(int i=0;i<count;i++ ) {
String allflights = flights.get(i).getAttribute("alt");
String deptTime = time.get(i).getText();
System.out.println("Flight_name: " + allflights
+"--->"+"Departure_time: "+deptTime);
}
}
}
Handling Mouse Actions:

By using mouse actions we can perform following actions-

1. Handling mouse hover(dropdown menu→ move to element).
2. Right click- contextClick.
3. Drag and drop.
4. Double click.

Q: How do you handle mouse hover or drop down menu?

Moving your mouse pointer to a particular location.
Drop down menu is an element on which if we move the mouse pointer it will
display the list of options. To handle the drop down menu we use
moveToElement() present in Actions class.
In selenium action is an interface and actions is class.
Actions class is present in the Interaction package and it is mainly used for
mouse actions. Actions class as a parameterized constructor where it takes a
WebDriver as an argument.
Whenever we call any methods of actions class we have to perform() at the end.

Q: Automate the following scenarios

1. Open chrome browser.
2. Go to Vtiger.com
3. Mouse hover to Resources tab and click on contact us in the drop
down menu.
4. Get the Bengaluru phone number and print it on the console.
5. Close the browser.

public class MouseHover {

static{
System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver",
"./driver/chromedriver.exe");
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
driver.manage().window().maximize();
driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
driver.get("https://www.vtiger.com/");
Actions a = new Actions(driver);
WebElement resources =
driver.findElement(By.partialLinkText("Resources"));
a.moveToElement(resources).perform();
driver.findElement(By.partialLinkText("Contact Us")).click();
String phno =
driver.findElement(By.xpath("//p[contains(.,'Bengaluru')]/../p[2]")).getText();
System.out.println(phno);
driver.close();
}
}

Q: how do you perform a right click(contextClick) in selenium?

Right clicking on the mouse is called a context link.
1. When we right click on any element we get a list of options which is called
a context menu.
2. To right click on the element we use contextClick() of the actions class.
3. To select the required option in the context menu we press the shortcut
keys such as w-new window, t- new tab etc.

Q: WAS to open the actiTIME inc in the new window?

public class RightClick {
static{
System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver",
"./driver/chromedriver.exe");
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws AWTException {
WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
driver.get("https://demo.actitime.com/login.do");
WebElement link = driver.findElement(By.partialLinkText("actiTIME
Inc."));
Actions a = new Actions(driver);
a.contextClick(link).perform();
Robot r = new Robot();
r.keyPress(KeyEvent.VK_W);
}
}

Q: How do you perform drag and drop in selenium?

By using dranAndDrop() of actions class as shown in the below program

public class Drag_Drop {

static{
System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver",
"./driver/chromedriver.exe");
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();

driver.get("http://www.dhtmlgoodies.com/submitted-scripts/i-google-like-drag-drop
/index.html");
WebElement source = driver.findElement(By.xpath("//h1[.='Block
1']"));
WebElement target = driver.findElement(By.xpath("//h1[.='Block
4']"));
Thread.sleep(3000);
Actions a = new Actions(driver);
a.dragAndDrop(source, target).perform();
}
}

Q: How do you perform a double click in selenium?

By using doubleClick() of the actions class.
Example- a.doubleClick(WebElement).perform();
Assignment

Automate the following scenario

1. Go to Vtiger.com.
2. Click on customers present in the resources tab.
3. Double click on read full story button and check whether HackerEarth
page is displayed or not.

public class MouseHoverVtiger {

static{
System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver",
"./driver/chromedriver.exe");
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
driver.get("https://www.vtiger.com/");
driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
Actions a = new Actions(driver);
WebElement resource =
driver.findElement(By.partialLinkText("Resources"));
a.moveToElement(resource).perform();
driver.findElement(By.partialLinkText("Customers")).click();
driver.manage().window().maximize();
WebElement frs = driver.findElement(By.linkText("READ FULL
STORY"));
a.doubleClick(frs).perform();
String t1= driver.getTitle();
String t2= "HackerEarth Case Study | Vtiger CRM";
if(t1.equals(t2))
System.out.println("you are on the right page");
else
System.out.println("you are on the wrong page");
driver.quit();
}
}
Note: all the methods of the actions class are examples of method overloading.

Handlings Frames

-A web page inside another web page is called an embedded web page (frames).
-Developers create embedded web pages using the iframe tag.

HTML code to create page1 is

T1 :<input type="text" id="t1"/><br>
<iframe src="page2.html" id="f1"/>

HTML code to create page2 is

T2: <input type="text" id="t2"/>

Q: WAS to enter jsp in T2 textbox and qsp in T1 textbox ?

public class HandlingFrames {

static{
System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver",
"./driver/chromedriver.exe");
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
driver.get("file:///C:/Users/SATEESH/Desktop/page1.html");
driver.switchTo().frame(0);
driver.findElement(By.id("t2")).sendKeys("jsp");
driver.switchTo().parentFrame();
driver.findElement(By.id("t1")).sendKeys("qsp");
}
}

Q: WAS to type ABC in T2 textbox and DE in T1 textbox character by

character alternatively ?
public class HandlingFrames {
static{
System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver",
"./driver/chromedriver.exe");
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
driver.get("file:///C:/Users/SATEESH/Desktop/page1.html");
driver.switchTo().frame(0);
driver.findElement(By.id("t2")).sendKeys("a");
driver.switchTo().parentFrame();
driver.findElement(By.id("t1")).sendKeys("d");
driver.switchTo().frame("f1");
driver.findElement(By.id("t2")).sendKeys("b");
driver.switchTo().parentFrame();
driver.findElement(By.id("t1")).sendKeys("e");
WebElement frame = driver.findElement(By.xpath("//iframe"));
driver.switchTo().frame(frame);
driver.findElement(By.id("t2")).sendKeys("c");
}
}
In the above example frame() is overloaded, it takes only one argument of any of
the following types
1. Int (index of the frame and starts from 0)
2. String (id or attribute of the frame)
3. WebElement (address of the frame)
Handling Disable elements and Scroll bar

- In selenium we don’t have a method to handle disabled elements or scrollbar(by

using java language).
- In order to handle it we use executeScript(). The executeScript() is declared in
the JavaScriptExecutor interface. Since we already upcasted browser specific
classes to the WebDriver interface this method will be hidden.
- In order to access this method we should downcast to RemoteWebDriver or
typecast it to JavaScripExecutor.

HTML code for static webpage

UN:<input id="d1" type="text"/><br>

PW:<input id="d2" tpye="text" disabled/><br>
<input type="button" value="login"/input>
Q: WAS to enter the manager in the disabled password textbox?

public class HandlingDisabledElements {

static{
System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver",
"./driver/chromedriver.exe");
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
driver.get("file:///C:/Users/SATEESH/Desktop/disabled.html");
driver.findElement(By.id("d1")).sendKeys("admin");
RemoteWebDriver r= (RemoteWebDriver)driver;
r.executeScript("document.getElementById('d2').value ='manager'");
}
}

Note
In order to validate the javascript program inspect the element and click on the
console tab in developer toolbar and type this script
document.getElementById('d2').value ='manager'

For clicking a button: document.getElementById(d3).click();

For deleting the text: document.getElementById(d2).value=’ ‘ ;

Scrolling

Q: WAS to scroll 4000 pixels vertically in BBC.com.

public class HandlingScrollBar {

static{
System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver",
"./driver/chromedriver.exe");
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
driver.get("https://www.bbc.com/");
JavascriptExecutor j = (JavascriptExecutor) driver;
j.executeScript("window.scrollBy(0,4000)");
}
}

Q: WAS to scroll to the particular element in the BBC.com .

public class HandlingScrollBar {

static{
System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver",
"./driver/chromedriver.exe");
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
driver.get("https://www.bbc.com/");
int y=driver.findElement(By.xpath("//span[.='Future
Planet']")).getLocation().getY();
JavascriptExecutor j = (JavascriptExecutor) driver;
j.executeScript("window.scrollBy(0,"+y+")"); // we need to
concatenate y, else it will take it as a string
}
}

Q: WAS to scroll to the bottom of the webpage in BBC.com ?

public class ScrollToBottom {
static{
System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver",
"./driver/chromedriver.exe");
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
driver.get("https://www.bbc.com/");
JavascriptExecutor j = (JavascriptExecutor) driver;
// scroll to bottom of the page
j.executeScript("window.scrollTo(0,document.body.scrollHeight)");
Thread.sleep(2000);
// scroll to top of the page
j.executeScript("window.scrollTo(0,0)");
}
}

Note
scrollTo - it will scroll or it will consider from the top of the webpage always.
scrollBy- it will scroll from wherever the scroll bar or control is present.

Data driven testing

Testing the application with multiple data which is kept in external resource files
like Excel, Property file, Database etc. is called data driven testing.
public class DemoMaps {

public static void main(String[] args) {

ArrayList<String> lst = new ArrayList<String>();
lst.add("https://demo.actitime.com");
lst.add("admin");
lst.add("[email protected]"); // if email is added in future
lst.add("manager");
System.out.println(lst.get(2)); // it will print emial instead of
password- manager

HashMap<String, String> hs = new HashMap<String, String>();

hs.put("url", "https://demo.actitime.com");
hs.put("username","admin");
hs.put("email", "[email protected]");
hs.put("password","manager");
System.out.println(hs.get("password")); // whether mail is added or
not in future, it will print same output
}
}

LIST
URL 0

Username 1

Password 2

LIST
URl 0

Username 1

[email protected] 2

Password 3
Note
- If we use index we will not retrieve the same data if any data is added or
deleted tomorrow.
- we get the same output if new data is added or deleted in future, if we use a
Key-Value pair of matches.
- Same concept is used to store data in property files.
- As per the rule of automation test data should not be Hardcoded within the test
script, because modification and maintenance of test data is difficult. So we use
external resource files like property files, excel, databases etc.

Handling property files

- Property file is used to store the common data. Inorder to create the property
file enter the below data in the notepad and save it as any filename with .property
extension.

url https://demo.actitime.com
username admin
password manager
email [email protected]

- In property file data will be stored in the form of Key-Value pair, KEY and
VALUE should be separated by single space.
- By default all the data available in the property file is a String.

public class HandlingPropertyFiles {

public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {

// get the java respective object of physical file
FileInputStream fis = new
FileInputStream("./data/commondata.property");
// create an object of properties class
Properties p = new Properties();
//load the file so that getProperty method will come to know where
the file is
p.load(fis);
// read or get the data from the property file by passing the key
String url = p.getProperty("url");
String email = p.getProperty("email");
String pw = p.getProperty("password");
String un = p.getProperty("username");
System.out.println(url);
System.out.println(pw);
}
}

*Q: WAS to login to actiTIME application by taking the test data from the
property file.

public class actiTimePropertyFile {

static{
System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver",
"./driver/chromedriver.exe");
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
driver.get("https://demo.actitime.com/login.do");
FileInputStream fis = new
FileInputStream("./data/commondata.property");
Properties p = new Properties();
p.load(fis);
String un = p.getProperty("username");
String pw = p.getProperty("password");
driver.findElement(By.xpath("//input[@type ='text']")).sendKeys(un);
driver.findElement(By.xpath("//input[@type='password']")).sendKeys(pw);
driver.findElement(By.xpath("//div[text() ='Login ']")).click();
}
}
Advantages of Property file-
1. It is very fast in execution.
2. It is very light weight compared to any other external resource files.

Handling data driven from Excel file

Whenever we want to read the data from Excel we need to use Apache POI
plugin or third party tool, so that we can read or write the data from all microsoft
documents like .xls, .xlsx, .docx, .ppt, .outlook etc.
-Apache poi is a free and open source library tool similar to selenium.

Steps to install Apache POI

1. Go to the URL : https://poi.apache.org/download.html
2. Under BInary distribution - Click on poi-bin-5.0.0…. Zip file
3. Click on the first link
(https://mirrors.estointernet.in/apache/poi/release/bin/poi-bin-5.0.0-20210120.zip)
4. Zip file will download.
5. Extract the zip file.
6. Copy all the jars present in every folder and paste it inside the jar folder of the
eclipse.
7. Add all the jars to the build path.

*Q: WAS to read the data from the excel ?

public class HandlingExcel {

public static void main(String[] args) throws EncryptedDocumentException,

IOException {
// get the java representative object of physical file
FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream("./data/testscript.xlsx");
// load the file or create a workbook
Workbook wb = WorkbookFactory.create(fis);
//get the control of the sheet, get the control of row, then cell, the get
or read the data
String data =
wb.getSheet("CreateCustomer").getRow(1).getCell(2).getStringCellValue();
System.out.println(data);
}
}

*Q: WAS to write the data back into the Excel ?

public class WritingDataInExcel {

public static void main(String[] args) throws EncryptedDocumentException,

IOException {
FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream("./data/testscript.xlsx");
Workbook wb = WorkbookFactory.create(fis);
// get the control of the sheet, the row,then cell,the type the value

wb.getSheet("CreateCustomer").getRow(1).getCell(4).setCellValue("fail");
// convert the java representative object into physical file format
FileOutputStream fos = new
FileOutputStream("./data/testscript.xlsx");
// save the workbook or file (actual writing happens here)
wb.write(fos);
// close the workbook or file
wb.close();
}
}

Note
- Whenever we are reading the data form the excel the extension should be .xlsx
- All the apache file classes should be imported from
org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel package.
- While writing the data back to excel, a specific excel file should be closed, i.e,
you should close the file before doing any modification.

Q: WAS to read multiple data from the excel ?

public class HandlingMultipleExcelData {

public static void main(String[] args) throws EncryptedDocumentException,
IOException {
FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream("./data/testscript.xlsx");
Workbook wb = WorkbookFactory.create(fis);
// get last row number where the data is present
int rowcount = wb.getSheet("InvalidLogin").getLastRowNum();
for(int i=1;i<= rowcount;i++) {
String un =
wb.getSheet("InvalidLogin").getRow(i).getCell(0).getStringCellValue();
String pw =
wb.getSheet("InvalidLogin").getRow(i).getCell(1).getStringCellValue();
System.out.println(un+ "---->"+ pw);
}
}
}

Assignment
1. Do the above program using nested for(i,j)

public static void main(String[] args) throws EncryptedDocumentException,

IOException {
FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream("./data/testscript.xlsx");
Workbook wb = WorkbookFactory.create(fis);
// get last row number where the data is present
int rowcount = wb.getSheet("InvalidLogin").getLastRowNum();
short cellcount =
wb.getSheet("InvalidLogin").getRow(0).getLastCellNum();
for(int i=1;i<= rowcount;i++) {
for(int j=0;j<cellcount;j++) {
String un =
wb.getSheet("InvalidLogin").getRow(i).getCell(j).getStringCellValue();
System.out.println(un);
}
}
}
Q: Another way to read the data from the excel
public class HandlingExcel {
public static void main(String[] args) throws EncryptedDocumentException,
IOExcept {
FileInputStream fis-new FileInputStream("./data/testscript.xlsx");
Workbook wb = WorkbookFactory.create(fis);
//get the control of the sheet
Sheet sheet = wb.getSheet("CreateCustomer");
//get the control of the row
Row row = sheet.getRow (1);
//get the control of the cell Cell cell = row.getCell(2);
//get the data from the cell
String data = cell.getStringCellValue();
//print it on the console
System.out.println(data);
}
}

Advantages of Data driven testing:

1. Maintenance of the test data in excel or property file is easier.
2. Modification of the test data in excel or external resource file is easier.
3. Reusability of test script data and common data.
4. Test data can be created before the test execution.
5. We can test the application with a huge volume of data.

Generic library

- Generic library is one of the components in the automation framework. It

contains common classes and methods which can be reusable for all the test
scripts and in any project as well.
- Generic library classes contain reusable methods which are created by
framework developers.
- All the generic classes should be created in separate package and the name of
the package should be com.projectname.generic
- Whenever we are creating any generic classes and methods it should follow the
coding standards as shown in the below programs.

package com.sateesh.generic;

import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Properties;

import org.apache.poi.EncryptedDocumentException;
import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.Workbook;
import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.WorkbookFactory;

/**
* this is a generic class for data driven testing
* @author SATEESH
*
*/
public class FileLib {
/**
* This is the generic method to read the data form the property file
* @param args
* @throws IOException
*/
public String getPropertyData(String key) throws IOException {
FileInputStream fis = new
FileInputStream("./data/commondata.property");
Properties p = new Properties();
p.load(fis);
String data = p.getProperty(key);
return data;
}
/**
* this is the generic method to read the data from Excel file
* @throws IOException
* @throws EncryptedDocumentException
*
*/
public String getExcelData(String sheetname, int row, int cell) throws
EncryptedDocumentException, IOException {
FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream("./data/testscript.xlsx");
Workbook wb = WorkbookFactory.create(fis);
String data =
wb.getSheet(sheetname).getRow(row).getCell(cell).getStringCellValue();
return data;
}
/**
* this is the generic method to write the data into the Excel file
* @param sheetname
* @param row
* @param cell
* @param value
* @throws EncryptedDocumentException
* @throws IOException
*/
public void setExcelData(String sheetname,int row, int cell, String value)
throws EncryptedDocumentException, IOException {
FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream("./data/testscript.xlsx");
Workbook wb = WorkbookFactory.create(fis);

wb.getSheet(sheetname).getRow(row).getCell(cell).setCellValue(value);
FileOutputStream fos = new
FileOutputStream("./data/testscript.xlsx");
wb.write(fos);
wb.close();
}
}

In order to call the generic method refer the below program:

public class DemoGeneric {

public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {

FileLib f = new FileLib();
// to read the data from property file
System.out.println(f.getPropertyData("url"));
// to write the data to excel file
f.setExcelData("CreateCustomer", 1, 4, "skipped");
// to read the data from the excel file
System.out.println(f.getExcelData("CreateCustomer", 1, 4));
}
}

Webdriver common library

package com.sateesh.generic;

import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.ExpectedConditions;
import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.Select;
import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.WebDriverWait;

public class WebDriverCommonLib {

/**
* generic method for implicit wait
* @param driver
* @param time
*/
public void waitForElementToLoad(WebDriver driver, int time){
driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(time, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
}
/**
* generic method for explicit wait until element is visible
* @param driver
* @param time_value
* @param element
*/
public void waitForElementInGui(WebDriver driver, int time_value,
WebElement element) {
WebDriverWait wait = new WebDriverWait(driver, time_value);
wait.until(ExpectedConditions.visibilityOf(element));
}
/**
* generic method for custom wait till element is displayed
* @param element
*/
public void customWaitForElement(WebElement element) {
int i =0;
while(i<1000) {
try {
element.isDisplayed();
break;
}
catch(Exception e) {
i++;
}
}
}
/**
* select the value from the textbox based on the text
* @param element
* @param text
*/
public void select(WebElement element, String text) {
Select s = new Select(element);
s.selectByVisibleText(text);
}
/**
* select value from the textbox based on the index
* @param element
* @param i
*/
public void select(WebElement element, int i) {
Select s = new Select(element);
s.selectByIndex(i);
}
}

Unit Testing Framework Tool

1. J unit (java)
2. N unit (.net)
3. PyDev (python)
4. RSPC (Ruby)
5. testNG

TestNG (test Next Generation)

testNG is a unit testing framework tool which is mainly used for Batch execution.
Basically testNG is used by the developers to perform unit testing and it is also
used by automation engineers to perform black box testing
Or
testNG is a plugin for eclipse which is inspired by Junit and Nunit with some
additional features.

Advantages or additional features of testNG

1. Batch execution
2. Parallel execution
3. Group execution
4. Generate reports automatically (HTML report)
5. Additional annotations
6. Execute only failed test scripts
7. Listener features
Installation of testNG (use 2019 and above eclipse version)
1. In eclipse go to Help and select Eclipse Marketplace.
2. Type testNG in the search textbox and click on the Search button.
3. Click on the install button present under testNG for eclipse.
4. Click on confirm.
5. Click on the radio button “I agree to license agreement”.
6. Click on next and click on Install anyway on the Popup.
7. Click on finish and restart now.

Another way of installing testNG

1. Go to Help and select install new software.
2. Type this URL https://testng.org/testng-eclipse-update-site in the work with
text box and click on enter.
3. Select the testNG checkbox and click on next.
4. Remaining steps are the same as above.

Note
After the TestNG installation to the eclipse, add the TestNG library (jar) to the
java project as well.
-right click on the java project, go to Build path and select Add Libraries.
- select testNG and click on Next and Finish.
- it will display the TestNG folder in the java project.

While creating TestNG classes we should not use following things:

1. Don’t use the default package.
2. Don’t use the main method.
3. Don’t use System.out.println statement.

package com.actitime.testscript;

import org.testng.Reporter;
import org.testng.annotations.Test;

public class Demo {

@Test
public void testDemo() {
Reporter.log("welcome to testng",true);
}

● When we execute the above code it automatically generates the report in

HTML format.
In order to see it do the following steps
1. Right click on the project and refresh it.(f5)
2. Expand the test output folder and right click on emailabe-report.html.
3. Go to open with and select the web browser.

In order to get report in excel format

1. Right click on the report and select export to microsoft excel.
2. Click on import and click on ok button.

System.out.println(“hi”); -----> print only on the console

Reporter.log(“welcome to testng”); -----> print it on the console and report also
Reporter.log(“bye”,false); -----> print only on the report
Reporter.log(“hello”); -----> print only on the report

Q.If a class contains multiple test methods in which order they are
executed?
Alphabetical order.

Q: How to execute the test method in required order?

Using priority
syntax - @Test(priority =1)
Default value for priority is 0.
If priority is duplicate then those methods will be executed in alphabetical order.
We can specify -ve value in priority and it will execute them in ascending order.
Variables and decimals are not allowed.

Q: How do you run a method multiple times?

By using invocationCount
Syntax- @Test(invocationCount = 7)
Default value of invocationCount is 1.
If we specify 0 or -ve value it will not execute that test method.
Variables and decimals(fractions) are not allowed.

Q: How do you make a test depend on another test ?

Using dependsOnMethods
Syntax- @Test(dependsOnMethods= “another test name”)
For multiple
@Test(dependsOnMethods={ “another test name”, “test name 2” }

● If both dependency and priority are specified it will consider the

dependency.

Q: What if two methods are dependent on each other?

We get TestNGException (error- cyclic dependencies)

Example:

public class Demo1 {

@Test(priority=1,invocationCount=1)
public void createCustomer() {
Reporter.log("createCustomer",true);
}

@Test(priority =3)
public void modifyCustomer() {
Reporter.log("modifyCustomer",true);
}

@Test(priority =2, dependsOnMethods="modifyCustomer")

public void deleteCustomer() {
Reporter.log("deleteCustomer",true);
}
}
Output:
createCustomer
modifyCustomer
deleteCustomer
Q: How do you disable the test case or test method ?
By using enabled = false
Syntax- @Test(enabled = false)

Batch Execution
Executing multiple test classes or test scripts is called batch execution.
Or
Executing all of them together via testng.xml file is called batch execution.

TestNG suit
- Testng suit is an xml file which contains a list of testng classes (test classes)
which are to be executed.
- Testng classes are the test classes which means a class contains @Test
annotation or test method.
- Test methods means a method which has @Test annotation is called test
method.
- To create the suit file follow the below steps:
1. Write click on java project.
2. Go to testng and select convert to testng.
3. Click on finish. It will create a suit file called testng.xml .

To execute it:
1. Right click on testng.xml file (suit file).
2. Go to run as and select testng suit.
Or
1. Open the suit file and click on the run button.

Content of testng.xml file

Q: How do you execute only the failed test cases or test methods?
By using testng-failed.xml file present under test output folder.

Q: How do you fail the test case intentionally?

By using asert.fail

Example for test class

public class TaskModule {

@Test(priority =1,invocationCount=3)
public void createTask() {
Reporter.log("createTask",true);
}

@Test(dependsOnMethods ="createTask")
public void modifyTask() {
Reporter.log("modifyTask",true);
}

@Test(dependsOnMethods= {"createTask","modifyTask"})
public void deleteTask() {
Reporter.log("deleteTask",true);
}
}
Output
createTask
createTask
createTask
modifyTask
deleteTask
Assertion
Assertion is one of the features available in testng which is used to verify the
expected result of the test script.

public class Assertion {

static {
System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver",
"./driver/chromedriver.exe");
}
@Test
public void testVerifyTitle()
{
WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
driver.get("https://www.google.com/");
String expectedTitle = "Soogle";
String actualTitle = driver.getTitle();
if(actualTitle.equals(expectedTitle)) {
Reporter.log("title is matching so pass", true);
}
else {
Reporter.log("title is not matching so fail", true);
}
driver.close();
}
}

Note
As per the rule of automation every expectation should be verified with assert
statement instead of java if else, because if else doesn’t have the capacity to fail
the test script.
There are 2 types of assert statement available in testng
1. asser(HardAssert)
2. SoftAssert

Q: What are the important methods present in assertion or assert class?

1. fail()
2. assertEquals()
3. assertNotEquals()
4. assertSame()
5. assertNotSame()
6. assertTrue()
7. assertFalse()
8. assertNull()
9. assertNotNull()
All the above methods are static methods of assert class.

Q: How do you compare actual and expected values without using

equals()?
Assert.assertEquals(actualTitle, expectedTitle);

public class Assertion {

static {
System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver",
"./driver/chromedriver.exe");
}
@Test
public void testVerifyTitle()
{
WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
driver.get("https://www.google.com/");
String expectedTitle = "Soogle";
String actualTitle = driver.getTitle();
Assert.assertEquals(actualTitle, expectedTitle);
driver.close();
}
}

Note
* If the comparison fails then the statements which are present after the Assert
statement of the current test method will not be executed.
*In the above example it will not close the browser if the comparison fails.
*In order to continue the execution even after failure of the comparison, we can
use SoftAssert, but here all the methods are non static (both have same number
of methods except assertAll() )
public class Assertion {
static {
System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver",
"./driver/chromedriver.exe");
}
@Test
public void testVerifyTitle()
{
WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
driver.get("https://www.google.com/");
String expectedTitle = "Soogle";
String actualTitle = driver.getTitle();
SoftAssert s = new SoftAssert();
s.assertEquals(actualTitle, expectedTitle);
driver.close();
s.assertAll();
}
}

Note
* To update the status of the information into the result window we should use
assertAll() at the last.
* Any statements after assertAll() will not be executed if the comparison fails.

*Q: Difference b/w Assert and SoftAssert .

Assert (verify) SoftAssert

1.All the methods are static 1.All the methods are non static.

2.If the comparison fails, the remaining 2.Executes remaining statements

statement will not be executed in the even if the comparison fails.
current method.

3.We don’t call assertAll() 3. We should call assertAll() at the

end.
Note
All the methods present in the assert class are examples for method overloading.

Annotation
Annotation is the metadata which is used to provide special instruction to the java
compiler during run time.

Important annotations of TestNG

@BeforeSuite
@BeforeTest
@BeforeClass
@BeforeMethod
@Test
@AfterSuite
@AfterTest
@AfterClass
@AfterMethod

Optional annotations
@DataProvider
@Listeners
@Parameters
@AfterGroups
@BeforeGroups
@Factory
@ignore -----> it will ignore the test script --skips
@Notifications
@ObjectFactory
@TestInstance

Annotation usage in real time

Program:

public class CustomerModule {

@BeforeMethod
public void login() {
Reporter.log("login",true);
}
@AfterMethod
public void logout() {
Reporter.log("logout",true);
}
@Test
public void createCustomer() {
Reporter.log("createCustomer",true);
}
@Test
public void deleteCustomer() {
Reporter.log("deleteCustomer",true);
}
@Test
public void modifyCustomer() {
Reporter.log("modifyCustomer",true);
}
}
Output
login
createCustomer
logout
login
deleteCustomer
logout
login
modifyCustomer
logout

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
public class CustomerModule {
@BeforeClass
public void openBrowser() {
Reporter.log("openBrowser",true);
}
@AfterClass
public void closeBrowser() {
Reporter.log("closeBrowser",true);
}
@BeforeMethod
public void login() {
Reporter.log("login",true);
}
@AfterMethod
public void logout() {
Reporter.log("logout",true);
}
@Test(priority=1,invocationCount=2)
public void editCustomer() {
Reporter.log("editeCustomer",true);
}
@Test
public void registerCustomer() {
Reporter.log("registerCustomer",true);
}
@Test
public void deleteCustomer() {
Reporter.log("deleteCustomer",true);
}
}
Output
openBrowser
login
deleteCustomer
logout
login
registerCustomer
logout
login
editeCustomer
logout
login
editeCustomer
logout
closeBrowser

@BeforeMethod
BeforeMethod annotation will be executed before executing every test
method(@Test) present in the class.
In real time the before method will be used to develop common pre conditions
which is required for all the test scripts like login programs.

@AfterMethod
AfterMethod annotation will be executed after executing every @Test method in a
class.
In real time it is used to develop common post conditions like logout programs.

@BeforeClass
BeforeClass annotation will be executed before executing every test class.
In real time, a before class method will be used to open the browser.

@AfterClass
AfterClass annotation will be executed after every @Test class.
In real time it is used to close the browser.

@Test
Test annotation indicates the test method.
In real time one test method represents one test script or test case.
BASE CLASS

*BaseClass is the supermost class in the framework which is created under

com.sateesh.generic package. It contains configuration methods like open
browser, login ,logout and close browser etc. all the test classes should be
created under the com.actitime.testscript package.
*Every test class should extend the base class.
Example : public class CustomerModule extends BaseClass

Generic code:
public class BaseClass {
@BeforeClass
public void openBrowser() {
Reporter.log("openBrowser",true);
}
@AfterClass
public void closeBrowser() {
Reporter.log("closeBrowser",true);
}
@BeforeMethod
public void login() {
Reporter.log("login",true);
}
@AfterMethod
public void logot() {
Reporter.log("logout",true);
}
}

Q: WAS to take a screenshot of google.com ?

public class ScreenShot {
static {
System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver",
"./driver/chromedriver.exe");
}
@Test
public void testScreenShot() throws IOException {
WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
driver.get("https://www.google.com/");
TakesScreenshot t= (TakesScreenshot) driver;
File src = t.getScreenshotAs(OutputType.FILE);
File dest = new File("./Screenshot/ss.png");
FileUtils.copyFile(src,dest);
driver.close();
}
}

Note
Inorder to use FileUtlis.copyFile statement we need to download commons io jar
from apache commons community
(https://commons.apache.org/proper/commons-io/download_io.cgi)
Click on the above click and under Binaries click on the second link
(https://downloads.apache.org//commons/io/binaries/commons-io-2.11.0-bin.zip)
Extract the zip file and copy the 1st jar file and paste it in the eclipse jar folder.
Add that jar file to the build path.
Assignment
Use generic code in base class to enter UN and Pwd in actiTime.com

public class GenericBaseClass {

static {
System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver",
"./driver/chromedriver.exe");
}
public static WebDriver driver;
@BeforeClass
public void openBrowser() {
Reporter.log("openBrowser",true);
driver = new ChromeDriver();
driver.manage().window().maximize();
driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
}
@AfterClass
public void closeBrowser() {
Reporter.log("closeBrowser",true);
driver.close();
}
@BeforeMethod
public void login() throws IOException {
Reporter.log("login",true);
driver.get("https://demo.actitime.com/login.do");
FileLib f = new FileLib();
driver.findElement(By.xpath("//input[@type
='text']")).sendKeys(f.getPropertyData("username"));

driver.findElement(By.xpath("//input[@type='password']")).sendKeys(f.getPropert
yData("password"));
driver.findElement(By.xpath("//div[text() ='Login ']")).click();
}
@AfterMethod
public void logot() {
Reporter.log("logout",true);
//driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
driver.findElement(By.id("logoutLink")).click();
}
}

Listeners
* Listener is a feature available in testng which is used to monitor test execution
in runtime and perform appropriate action or operation whenever the test case is
getting failed or passed or skipped etc.
* Whenever we want to implement the listener feature, we should create a class
which implements ITestListener and provide implementation (override) to all the
methods present in ITestListener.

public class ListenerImplementation extends BaseClass implements

ITestListener {

@Override
public void onTestStart(ITestResult result) {
}

@Override
public void onTestSuccess(ITestResult result) {
}

@Override
public void onTestFailure(ITestResult result) {
String test = result.getName();
TakesScreenshot t = (TakesScreenshot) driver;
File src = t.getScreenshotAs(OutputType.FILE);
File dest= new File("./Screenshot/"+test+".png");
try {
FileUtils.copyFile(src, dest);
}
catch(IOException e) {
}
}
@Override
public void onTestSkipped(ITestResult result) {
}

@Override
public void onTestFailedButWithinSuccessPercentage(ITestResult result) {
}

@Override
public void onTestFailedWithTimeout(ITestResult result) {
}

@Override
public void onStart(ITestContext context) {
}

@Override
public void onFinish(ITestContext context) {
}
}

* ITestListener is an interface which is used to receive the failure events from

@Listener annotation.
* @Listner annotation should be declared before the class definition block in
every test class which is used to monitor the test execution in runtime and
generate the event if any test case is getting failed (else those test cases will not
be monitored).
Example

@Listeners(com.sateesh.generic.ListenerImplementation.class)
public class CustomerModule extends BaseClass {
@Test
public void createCustomer() {
Reporter.log("createCustomer",true);
Assert.fail();
}
Group Execution
* Executing the collection of similar test scripts is called group execution.
* In automation regression suite will be divided into two types
1. Smoke test scripts
2. Regression test scripts
* In order to achieve smoke testing we go for group execution of testng.
* In order to achieve group execution every test script should have a group name
along with @Test, one script can have multiple group names.
Example: @Test(groups=”RegressionTest”)
@Test(groups={“RegressionTest”,”SmokeTest”})
* We should declare a group key within the testng.xml file.
* Group key should be declared before the test tag and after the suite tag (as
shown below).

programm

In case of group execution every configuration method should have group names
otherwise those configuration methods or annotations will not be executed or will
not participate in the group execution.
Example: @BeforeMethod(groups={“RegressionTest”,”SmokeTest”})

Q: How do you perform regional regression testing or unit regression

testing in selenium ?
- Regional regression testing means executing changes made and impacted
area, whereas in case of unit regression testing we execute only the changes.
- In order to perform unit regression or regional regression testing we use a
method and include a tag inside the class tagged as shown below.

Q: What is runtime polymorphism and where have you used it in selenium

and why ?
public class RunTimePolymorphism {
static{
System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver",
"./driver/chromedriver.exe");
System.setProperty("webdriver.gecko.driver", "./driver/geckodriver.exe");
}
public static WebDriver driver;
@Test
public void testRunTime() {
System.out.println("enter the browser name");
Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
String browser = sc.nextLine();
if(browser.equals("chrome")) {
driver =new ChromeDriver();
}
else if(browser.equals("firefox")) {
driver = new FirefoxDriver();
}
driver.get("https://www.google.com");
String title = driver.getTitle();
System.out.println(title);
}
}

Parallel execution
- Executing the multiple test scripts with multiple browsers concurrently or at the
same time is called Parallel execution.
- TestNG provides 2 types of parallel execution
1. Distributed parallel execution.
2. Cross browser testing or compatibility parallel testing.

Distributed parallel execution

In order to get the result in early stages we should go for distributed parallel
execution.

- If we execute all the 1000 test cases sequentially it may take 20 hours, in order
to get the result in early stages we should customize the testng.xml suite file as
shown in the above diagram.
- In order to achieve distributed parallel execution, create multiple test blocks and
distribute the test scripts and enable the attribute parallel = “tests” in the suite
tag.

<suite name="Suite" parallel="tests">

<test thread-count="5" name="Test2">

Cross browser testing

Executing the test scripts in different browsers parallely at the same time is called
cross browser testing.

- In order to achieve cross browser testing we should create multiple test blocks
and provide browser parameters for each test block as shown in the above
diagram.
- So that when we execute the suite file each test block opens the specific
browser using threads and executes all the test scripts in different browsers at
the same time parallely.
- In case of cross browser testing we should mandatorily use @Parameter
annotation along with @BeforeTest and @AfterTest annotations in the
BaseClass.
- @Parameters annotation will be used to receive browser parameters from the
xml suite file into the BaseClass or test script.
- In real time to perform cross-browser or cross platform testing we go for
Selenium Grid.
- Selenium grid is another tool available in the selenium community which is used
to run in another virtual machine.

*Q: What is the difference between BeforeTest and BeforeMethod ?

@BeforeTest @BeforeMethod

1. BeforeTest will be executed before 1. BeforeMethod will be executed

the execution of the test block present before the execution of every @Test
in the xml suite file. method(test case).

@BeforeSuite
@BeforeSuite will be executed before the suite tag present in the testng.xml file
or suite file. In real time it is used to connect to the database if the project
requires DB connection.

@AfterSuite
It will be executed after the suite tag present in the testng.xml file and it is used to
close the DB connection in real time.

@BeforeTest
It will be executed before the test block present in the testng.xml file and it is
mandatory to use in case of parallel execution.

@AfterTest
AfterTest will be executed after the Test block in the suite file.
Encapsulation :
Hiding the data and binding with methods in order to hide the internal
implementation is called encapsulation.
- We achieve this by making the variable private and access outside the class
with the help of getters and setters method.

public class A {
private int i; //declaration
public A() {
i=10; // initialization
}
public int getValue() { // giving only read access
return i;
}
public void setValue(int j) { //giving write access
i=j;
}
}
public class B {
public static void main(String[] args) {
A a1= new A();
int x=a1.getValue(); //utilization
System.out.println(x);
a1.setValue(52); //utilization
System.out.println(a1.getValue());
}
}

Data will be stored in a variable, in java for any given variable we should perform
following steps
1. Declaration
2. Initialization
3. Utilization
There are 2 classes in the above example, the purpose of class A is to only
manage the variable i whereas the purpose of class B is only to execute the
code.

Using Encapsulation in selenium

Selenium code to enter admin in the username textbox:
driver.findElement(By.id(“username”)).sendKeys(“admin”);

Or above code can also be written as

WebElement untbx = driver.findElement(By.id(“username”));

untbx.sendKeys(un);
Or
WebElement untbx; // declaration
untbx= driver.findElement(By.id(“username”)); //initialization
unbtx.sendKeys(un); //utilization

13.10.2021

Prog 1.1:

package qsp;

import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;

public class LoginPage {

private WebElement untbx; //declaration
public LoginPage(WebDriver driver) {
untbx=driver.findElement(By.id("username")); //initialisation
}
public void setUser(String un)
{
untbx.sendKeys(un);
}
}

Prog 1.2:
package qsp;

import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
import org.testng.annotations.Test;

public class ValidLogin {

static
{
System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver",
"./driver/chromedriver.exe");
}
@Test
public void testValidLogin() {
WebDriver driver=new ChromeDriver();
driver.get("https://demo.actitime.com/");
LoginPage l=new LoginPage(driver);
l.setUser("admin");
}
}

Prog 2.1:
package qsp;

import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;

public class LoginPage {

private WebElement untbx; //declaration
private WebElement pwtbx;
private WebElement lgbtn;
public LoginPage(WebDriver driver) {
untbx=driver.findElement(By.id("username")); //initialisation
pwtbx=driver.findElement(By.name("pwd"));
lgbtn=driver.findElement(By.xpath("//div[.='Login ']"));
}
public void setUser(String un)
{
untbx.sendKeys(un); //utilisation
}
public void setPassword(String pw)
{
pwtbx.sendKeys(pw);
}
public void setLogin()
{
lgbtn.click();
}
// (OR)
//business logic method
public void setLogin(String un,String pw)
{
untbx.sendKeys(un);
pwtbx.sendKeys(pw);
lgbtn.click();
}
}

Prog 2.2:
package qsp;

import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
import org.testng.annotations.Test;

public class ValidLogin {

-Selenium code to enter valid login and invalid login is(or setLogin()
method can be used to enter valid and invalid input):-

package qsp;

import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
import org.testng.annotations.Test;

public class ValidLogin {

static
{
System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver",
"./driver/chromedriver.exe");
}
@Test
public void testValidLogin() throws InterruptedException {
WebDriver driver=new ChromeDriver();
driver.get("https://demo.actitime.com/");
LoginPage l=new LoginPage(driver);
l.setLogin("admin1","manager1");
Thread.sleep(3000);
l.setLogin("admin","manager");
}
}

-When we execute the above code we may get

StaleElementReferenceException, because when it clicks on login button after
entering invalid username and password, page will be reloaded and address of
the element will be changed. But the reference variable such as untbx, pwtbx and
lgbtn will be holding the old address. It will try to enter valid username and
password using old address which is no longer exist(invalid), hence we get the
exception.

-Script to explain StaleElementReferenceException:-

package com.actitime.testscript;

import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
import org.testng.annotations.Test;

public class DemoPOM {

static
{
System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver",
"./driver/chromedriver.exe");
}
@Test
public void testUserName() {
WebDriver driver=new ChromeDriver();
driver.get("https://demo.actitime.com/");
//stores the username textbox address as @a1 in untbx
WebElement untbx=driver.findElement(By.id("username"));
//refresh the page and address of the username textbox will change
to @p1
driver.navigate().refresh();
//try to enter admin in username textbox using old address i.e, @a1
untbx.sendKeys(“admin”);
}
}

PAGE OBJECT MODEL:

-Page Object Model is one of the java design pattern which is used to store the
objects(elements). POM concept is used by the developers to develop the web
page and it is also used by the automation engineers to test the web pages.
-It is also used to avoid StaleElementReferenceException.
-In POM, we declare the element by using @FindBy annotation and we initialise
the element by using PageFactory.initElements() method.
-@FindBy annotation should be imported from org.openqa.selenium.support
package.
-The syntax is:-
Syntax 1:-
@FindBy(Locatorname=”Locator Value”)
private WebElement ElementName;
Syntax 2:-(for multiple elements)
@FindBy(Locatorname=”Locator Value”)
private List<WebElement> ElementName;
-PageFactory.initElements() method will take 2 arguments(parameters)
1. WebDriver(driver)
2. Object of POM class or page class(this)

Q: How POM will avoid StaleElementReferenceException?

A: initElements() method will only load the element(only declares), but it will not
initialise actually. Elements are actually initialised during the run time when we try
to perform action on the elements. This process is called as lazy initialisation.
This will avoid StaleElementReferenceException.

Note
The class in which elements of the web page are stored by using @FindBy
annotation is called POM class or Page class.
Example : Login page, homepage, task list page etc.
The class which we execute by using @Test (test scripts are written) is called a
test class.

package com.actitime.pom;

import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
import org.openqa.selenium.support.FindBy;
import org.openqa.selenium.support.PageFactory;

public class LoginPage {

@FindBy(id="username")
private WebElement untbx; //declaration

@FindBy(name="pwd")
private WebElement pwtbx;

@FindBy(xpath="//div[.='Login ']")
private WebElement lgbtn;

public LoginPage(WebDriver driver) {

PageFactory.initElements(driver, this); //initialization
}
public void setLogin(String un, String pw) {
untbx.sendKeys(un);
// utilization
pwtbx.sendKeys(pw);
lgbtn.click();
}
}

----------------------------------
package com.actitime.testscript;

import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.support.PageFactory;
import org.testng.annotations.Test;

import qsp.LoginPage;

public class TestClass {

Q: What happens if we don't use initElements() in POM class or anywhere

else ?
We get NullPointerException

Q: Can we develop a POM class without a constructor?

Yes

Q: Can we use initElements() in test or method class ?

Yes, but we should explicitly call initElements() in test class (or main method
class).

Q: How will you declare an element in POM?

By using @FindBy annotation.

Q: How do you initialize an element in POM ?

By using initElements() of the PageFactory class.
Q: What is an object repository ?
It is a location where we store the objects or elements. POM is also called as
Object Repository or Page Object Repository

Q: What is the difference b/w Page Object Model and Page Factory ?

POM Page Factory

It is a java design pattern/ concept. It is a class which implements the

POM concept.

Advantages of POM
1.Maintenance of WebElements is easy, since webelements are maintained
based on the page.
2. Modification of webelement locators is easy whenever the UI is changed.
3. We can avoid StaleElementReferenceException.
4. Xpath and locators of the webelements are reusable, so that no need to put
the same effort to rewrite the xpath again.
5. Object repositories can be easily shared across the team members via Github.

Q: What is page class or POM class?

Page class is a class in which elements are declared by using @FindBy
annotation.

***Note
In real time the number of POM classes will be equal to the number of web
pages present in the application.

Q: How do you handle multiple elements in POM ?

package com.actitime.pom;

import java.util.List;

import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
import org.openqa.selenium.support.FindBy;
import org.openqa.selenium.support.PageFactory;
public class CheckBoxPage {

@FindBy(xpath="//input[starts-with(@type,'checkbox')]")
private List<WebElement> boxes;

public CheckBoxPage(WebDriver driver) {

PageFactory.initElements(driver, this);
}

public void setCheckBoxClick() {

for(int i =0;i<boxes.size();i++) {
boxes.get(i).click();
}
}
}
------------------------------
package qsp;

import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
import org.testng.annotations.Test;

import com.actitime.pom.CheckBoxPage;

public class AllCheckBox {

static {
System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver",
"./driver/chromedriver.exe");
}
@Test
public void testCheckBox() {
WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
driver.get("file:///C:/Users/SATEESH/Desktop/checkbox.html");
CheckBoxPage c= new CheckBoxPage(driver);
c.setCheckBoxClick();
}
}

Challenges faced in selenium:

1. We can automate only web applications.
2. We can take the screenshot only in png format (other formats not supported).
3. We cannot minimize the browser.
4. We cannot specify the password in encrypted format.
5. We cannot take the screenshot of the popup.
6. We cannot handle file download popup of firefox browser in selenium.
7. We cannot perform action on the browser which is already opened.
8. We cannot compare the images (or image testing).
9. We can’t automate the test cases which contain captcha, OTP, barcode
scanning, biometric scanning etc.
10. We can’t automate non functional test cases (like performance testing) for
that we have to integrate J-meter with selenium.
11. We cannot take a screenshot of a particular location of the browser.

Debugging or How to debug in eclipse

In eclipse it provides 2 types of execution mode
1. Run mode: we can execute the script without pause in the eclipse.
2. Debug mode: it will execute the script based on the user instruction and it
pause the execution whenever break point available inside the script.
- in real time debug mode will be very helpful to know the exact issue of the test
script wherever the test is getting failed.

Debugging feature available in eclipse

1. Break point (ctrl+shift+b): it is used to pause the execution in the runtime
whenever the test script executes in debug mode.
2. Step over (f6): execute the test script line by line.
3. Step info (f5): execution control goes inside the method and pauses the
execution in the 1st line of the method (press f6 for line by line execution).
4. Resume (f8): execute the test script from one breakpoint to another
breakpoint.
5. Step return (f7): execution control comes out of the called function
(method) by executing all the statements in pause mode.
Framework:
- Framework is a set of rules and guidelines or best practices to be followed while
automating any application.
Or
- Framework is a collection of reusable components that means automation test
script development, execution and modification to be easier and faster.
Or
- Framework is a well organized structure of reusable components where one
driver script (testng.xml) will take care of entire batch execution without any
manual intervention.

Architecture of Hybrid Framework

- Framework is a set of rules and guidelines or best practices to be followed while

automating any application.

- Inorder to execute the test script with multiple inputs or test data, we use an
excel and property file, so we call our framework a Data driven framework.

- Inorder to avoid writing repetitive steps again and again we use lots of reusable
methods, so we call our framework a method driven framework.
- Since we maintain our framework module wise, we also call our framework a
Modular driven framework.

- Since it is a combination of 2-3 frameworks hence it is called a Hybrid driven

framework.

- In the beginning of the execution first it executes the BaseClass which is

present in the Generic package which contains all the configuration methods like
@BeforeClass, @BeforeMethod, @AfterMethod and @AfterClass.
First it executes the @BeforeClass which contains the code for opening the
browser, then it will execute the Login code which is present in @Beforemethod.

- Then it will executes the @Test method where actual test scripts are written in
test script package, while executing the test scripts it will take the test data from
the excel file with the help of Apache POI jars and performs action on the GUi
application by calling necessary methods present in the POM class.

- Once it executes the test method it will execute the Logout code which is
present in @AfterMethod.

- Like this it will execute all the test cases one after the other with help of Batch
runner(testng.xml).

- After the execution of all the test cases it will close the browser which is present
in @AfterClass.

- Since we are using TestNG it will automatically generate the default HTML
report (test-output folder), which contains number of test cases passed, failed
and skipped.

- Since we have implemented the Listener feature of testng it will automatically

take the screenshot of failed test cases in the screenshot folder.
Framework Folder Structure:

Source control tool (configuration management tool or Version control tool)

1.Github
2. SVM (SubVersion)
3. VSS (Visual Source Safe)
4. Perforce

Github
Github is a decentralized online cloud repository where we can maintain our
entire framework in one place, so that it can be shared easily with multiple
engineers working on the same project in different locations.

Advantages of Github
1. Decentralized repository.
2. Cloud repository.
3. No need for a system engineer to maintain Github.
4. File sharing between the team members will be easier.
5. Master copy of the framework available in the github so that we can
perform batch execution any time.

There are two types of server available in github

1. Git Server (github)
2. Git Client
a. Git bash
b. Git command prompt
c. Git GUi
d. Git Desktop
e. EGit

Github repository URL: https://github.com/Sateesh141996/SeleniumProject.git

Github token: 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

Experience notes
==========================================================

Xpath axes

Xpath axes are the special keywords of xpath which has following syntax
//axesName :: tag
example - /decedent::a ---> means //a
Axes names:
1. ancestor
2. decedent
3. child
4. parent
5. following-sibling
6. preceding-sibling

table
|_Tr
1 |__ td 2 java
2 |__td 1
3 |__td
4 |__td
5 |__td selenium
1|__a ide
2|__a webdriver

For td[3] - td[1],td[2] are preceding-siblings and td[4].td[5] are following-siblings

//td[3]/preceding-sibling::td[2] → java
//td[3]/following-sibling::td[2] → selenium
//td[3]/parent::tr
//td[3]/child::a[2]
//td[3]/ancestor::table

Xpath with starts-with function

We can use the start-with function on the xpath either by using text() or attribute
in it. The syntax is as followed

//tag[starts-with(text(),’value’)]
//tag[starts-with(@AN ,’AV’)]

Html code of an element is: <a>Inbox(7)</a>

Xpath is : //a[starts-with(.,’Inb’)]

Example Html code-

<table border ="1">
<tr>
<td>selenium</td>
<td>100</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>selenium</td>
<td>300</td>
</tr>
</table>

Xpath for selenium price

//td[.=’Selenium’]/following-sibling::td

Assignment
Q: WAS to print the content of the webtable present in any given website
or URL should be taken from the user.

public class ApexTableContent {

static {
System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver",
"./driver/chromedriver.exe");
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
driver.get("file:///C:/Users/SATEESH/Desktop/Demo.html");
List<WebElement> book =
driver.findElements(By.xpath("//td[starts-with(.,'sel')]"));
List<WebElement> price =
driver.findElements(By.xpath("//td[starts-with(.,'sel')]/following-sibling::td"));
int count = book.size();
for(int i=0;i<count;i++) {
String bookname = book.get(i).getText();
String bookprice = price.get(i).getText();

System.out.println("BookName:"+bookname+"-->"+"BookPrice:"+bookprice);
}
driver.close();
}
}

Q: WAS to click on all the checkboxes present in the given web app or URL
should be taken from the user.

Html code:
c1: <input type="checkbox" /><br>
c2: <input type="checkbox" /><br>
c3: <input type="checkbox" /><br>
c4: <input type="checkbox" /><br>
c5: <input type="checkbox" /><br>
c6: <input type="checkbox" /><br>
c7: <input type="checkbox" />
public class ApexCheckBox {
static {
System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver",
"./driver/chromedriver.exe");
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
driver.get("file:///C:/Users/SATEESH/Desktop/checkbox.html");
List<WebElement> boxes =
driver.findElements(By.xpath("//input[starts-with(@type,'checkbox')]"));
int count = boxes.size();
for(int i =0;i<count;i++) {
boxes.get(i).click();
Thread.sleep(1000);
}
for(int i=count-1;i>=0;i--) {
boxes.get(i).click();
Thread.sleep(1000);
}
driver.close();
}
}

Q: WAS to delete the text present in the email textbox of OpenSourceBilling

app character by character.
Hint: by using backspace

public class ApexOpenSourceBilling {

static {
System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver",
"./driver/chromedriver.exe");
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
WebDriver driver =new ChromeDriver();
driver.get("http://demo.opensourcebilling.org/en/users/sign_in");
String value =
driver.findElement(By.xpath("//input[starts-with(@id,'password')]")).getAttribute("v
alue");
int count = value.length();
for(int i=count-1;i>=0;i--) {

driver.findElement(By.xpath("//input[starts-with(@id,'password')]")).sendKeys(Key
s.BACK_SPACE);
Thread.sleep(1000);
}
driver.close();
}
}
Exceptions

=======================================================
1.IllegalStateEcxeption (selenium/unchecked)
We get this exception whenever the path of the driver executable file is not set.

2.InterruptedException (java/ checked)

We get this exception whenever we use Thread.sleep()

3.NoSuchElementException (selenium/ unchecked)

We get this exception whenever locators are not matching with any of the
elements.
4.InvalidSelectorException (selenium/unchecked)
We get this exception whenever there is a syntax error or syntax mistake
In cssSelector() or xpath()

5.TimeOutException (selenium/unchecked)
We get this exception whenever locators are not matching or whenever elements
are not within the specific time given in the explicitWait.

6.UnsupportedOperationEcxeption (selenium/unchecked)
We get this exception whenever we use deSelect() on a single select listbox.

7.UnexpectedTagNameException (selenium/unchecked)
We get this exception whenever we try to pass WebElement to the select class
which is not a type of listbox.

8.NoAlertPresentException (selenium/unchecked)
We get this exception whenever we try to handle the alert popup when the popup
itself is not present.

9. UnhandledAlertException (selenium/unchecked)
We get this exception whenever we try to perform action on the browser without
handling alert popup.

10. IndexOutOfBoundException (java/unchecked)

We get this exception whenever we pass invalid index value inside the for loop.

11.WebDriverException (selenium/unchecked)
We get this exception whenever we pass the relative path of the file to the
sendKeys().

12. InvalidArgumentException (selenium/unchecked)

We get this exception whenever we pass the wrong path of the file.
13. AWTException (java/checked)
We get this exception whenever we use Robot class.

14. IOException (java/checked)

We get this exception whenever we use a runtime class or whenever we try to
open any files.

15. NoSuchWindowException (selenium/unchecked)

We get this exception whenever we try to perform an action on the browser which
is already closed(invalid).

16. SessionNotCreatedException (selenium/unchecked)

We get this exception whenever the driver executable version is not matching
with the browser version.

17. NoSuchFrameException (selenium/unchecked)

We get this exception whenever we pass invalid arguments to the frame().

18. ElementNotInteractableException (selenium/ unchecked)

We get this exception whenever we try to perform action on the disabled
elements.

19. JavascriptException (selenium/unchecked)(generic exception)

We get this exception whenever there is a mistake in the syntax of javascript
statement.

20. FileNotFoundException (java/checked)

We get this exception whenever we use FileInputStream class.

21. EncryptedDocumentException (apache/checked)

We get this exception whenever we try to read data from the excel file or
whenever we use the WorkbookFactory class.

22. TestNGException (TestNG/ unchecked)

We get this exception whenever tests depend on each other.

23. StaleElementReferenceException (selenium/unckecked)

We get this exception whenever the address of the element is old.
==========================================================

Resume Building

1. How to get more requirements in Naukri.com?

Use keywords, update daily
***2. Tell me about yourself ?
30 points.

Daily work / job of automation engineer

1. Selecting manual test cases for automation.
a. Take test cases from the regression suite(repository).
b. Execute the test case manually.
c. Check for manual intervention like OTP, captcha, barcode scanning, card
swiping, audio detection, image verification etc.
2. Preparing test data.
3. Developing test class.
4. Preparing POM class.
5. Executing the test script.
6. Analyzing the report.
7. Debug the code to fix the errors and execute.
8. Preparing and sending daily status reports.
9. Attending daily standup meetings.
10. Giving a demo to the clients.
11. Developing generic classes.
12. Preparing automation related documents.
13. Enhancing the framework.
14. Giving KT to the new team members.

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