Tcl cheat sheet

gets stdin x floor() fmod() hypot() int() log()

To print something on terminal: log10() pow() rand() round() sin()
puts "Hello World" sinh() sqrt() srand() tan() tanh()
Code Structure: The basic code structure revolves wide()
To print a variable:
around commands and scripts. Commands represent
puts $x
actions to be performed, and scripts are sequences of Ternary Operator:
commands. Procedures can be defined to create reusable Special Variables set max [expr {5 > 2 ? 5 : 2}]
code blocks, and control structures like conditionals and tcl_version Current version of Tcl
loops help manage program flow. Line breaks and Control Statements
interpreter
semicolons separate statements. Number sign (#) is used argc Conditionals
Number of arguments
to write comments. if-else:
passed to a script
argv List of the arguments if {$x < $y} {
Installation Guide puts $x
argv0 Name of the script
For windows, Install Git Bash for Windows. } elseif {$x == $y} {
tcl_precision Number of digits to retain
For Debian and Ubuntu Based Linux, puts "equal"
when converting floating-
$ sudo apt install tcl } else {
point numbers to strings
puts $y
RHEL, Fedora, and CentOS based distributions,
}
$ sudo yum install tcl Numerical Operations switch-case:
To use arrow keys for command history and other
To evaluate a mathematical equation expr command is switch $grade {
navigations, install rlwrap.
used. A {
$ sudo apt/yum install rlwrap puts "Excellent!"
expr {1+2} # returns 3
Add this line to ~/.bashrc: }
Mathematical Operators:
alias tclsh='rlwrap tclsh' F {
+ Addition Operator
puts "Try Again!"
Data Types - Subtraction Operator
}
* Multiplication Operator
Variables default {
/ Divisional Operator
int set x 5 puts "Invalid Grade!"
% Modulus Operator
float set x 5.5 }
Relational and Conditional Operators:
string set x "Hello World" }
== != > < Relational Operators
list set color {red green blue}
>= <=
array set user(Name) "Arnob" << >> Bitwise left and right shift
& ^ | ~ Bitwise AND, XOR, OR, NOT This cheat sheet refers to TCL 8.7:
IO Operation && || ! Logical AND, OR, NOT https://www.tcl.tk/man/tcl8.7/
To take input from user: Math Functions:
set x [gets stdin] abs() acos() asin() atan() atan2() Created by Arnob Karmokar
or, ceil() cos() cosh() double() exp() https://arnob.me
Loops List Commands: %f Floating point representation
For Loop: Command Output %e Floating point representation with
for {set i 0} {$i < 5} {incr i} { llength $fruits 3 mantissa-exponent form
puts $i lindex $fruits 1 banana %x Hexa-decimal representation
}
While Loop: lappend fruits apple banana Arrays
“berry” orange berry
set i 0 Array assignment and printing:
lsearch $fruits 2
while {$i < 5} { set languages(0) "Tcl"
“orange”
puts $i set languages(1) "Python"
lsort $fruits apple banana
incr i orange puts $languages(0)
} linsert $fruits 2 apple banana To print whole array:
or, “grape” grape orange parray languages
set i 0 lset $fruits 1 grape banana To get array size:
while {1} { “grape” orange
puts [array size languages]
if {$i >= 5} { lrange $fruits 0 apple banana
break 1
lreplace $fruits grape banana Associative Arrays:
}
0 0 “grape” orange set wizard(Name) "Harry"
puts $i
set wizard(House) “Gryffindor”
incr i String Manipulation set wizard(Patronus) “Stag”
}
Printing a string:
Foreach Loop:
set myVar "hello world" To get available indices:
set colors {red green blue}
puts $myVar puts [array names wizard]
foreach item $colors {
# returns {House Name Patronus}
puts $item
String Commands: **Iterate using foreach loop to access every item in the
}
equal, reverse, match, is, length, array.
List Manipulation compare, first, last, index, range, Other Array Commands:
toupper, tolower, replace, trim, map array set, array get, array exists,
List assignment and printing:
set fruits {apple banana orange} array insert
Usage:
or,
string tolower "Arnob" Dictionary
set fruits [list apple banana orange]
# returns arnob To create a dictionary:
or,
set fruits [split "apple banana dict set dictName key value
String Formatting: or,
orange" " "]
puts [format "%d" 4.5] dict create dictName key1 value1 key2
puts $fruits value2
%s String representation Example,
%d Integer representation dict create user first_name “Arnob”
dict set user last_name “Karmokar” Different access modes: extension, file isfile, file link, file
To get value from a dictionary: Mode Description lstat, file mkdir, file mtime, file
puts $user r Opens an existing text file for reading nativename, file pathtype, file
dict get $user “first_name” readable, file readlink, file rename,
purpose.
To get dictionary size: file size, file split, file tail, file
w Opens a text file for writing, if it does not
puts [dict size $user] type
exist, then a new file is created else existing
To get all available keys in a dictionary: file is truncated. Error Handling
[dict keys $user] a Opens an existing text file for writing in
Basic “try...on” error handling code structure:
To get all values in a dictionary: appending mode.
try {
[dict values $user] r+ Opens an existing text file for reading and
puts "Hello World"
To check if key exists in a dictionary: writing both. } on error {errorMessage} {
[dict exists $user “last_name”] w+ Opens a text file for reading and writing puts $errorMessage
both. It first truncates the file to zero length
Procedures if it exists otherwise create the file if it does
}

The syntax of creating a simple procedure: not exist. Regular Expressions

proc procedureName {arguments} { a+ Opens a text file for reading and writing Basic regular expression matching structure:
body both. It creates the file if it does not exist. regexp ?switches? exp string
} The reading will start from the beginning, ?matchVar? ?subMatchVar subMatchVar
Procedures with Multiple Arguments: but writing can only be appended.
proc multiply {a b} {
Example,
return [expr $a*$b]
Closing a File: regexp {c.*g} "abcdefghi" matched
}
close $f puts $matched
puts [multiply 3 5]
Writing to a File: # output==> cdefg
Procedures with Default Arguments:
proc multiply {a {b 10}} { puts $f "Hello World"
Basic regular expression substitution structure:
return [expr $a*$b] Reading a File:
regsub ?switches? exp string subSpec
} set file_data [read $f]
?varName?
puts [multiply 3 5] Reading a file line by line:
puts [multiply 3] set f [open "log.txt" r]
Example,
while {[gets $f line] >= 0} {
File Manipulation puts $line
regsub -all {\<foo\>} $string bar
string
Opening Files: }
open fileName accessMode close $f Other Important Tcl Commands
Other File commands:
clock, info exists, error, catch,
Example, eof, flush, seek, tell, file
global, upvar
set f [open "log.txt" r] attributes, file copy, file delete,
file executable, file exists, file