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Lesson 2 (Client-Server Architecture)

The document discusses client-server architecture and its types. It describes 1-tier, 2-tier and 3-tier architectures, their components and examples. 1-tier has all elements on one system. 2-tier separates the user interface and database. 3-tier introduces a middleware layer between client and server.

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Jeff Lacasandile
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42 views

Lesson 2 (Client-Server Architecture)

The document discusses client-server architecture and its types. It describes 1-tier, 2-tier and 3-tier architectures, their components and examples. 1-tier has all elements on one system. 2-tier separates the user interface and database. 3-tier introduces a middleware layer between client and server.

Uploaded by

Jeff Lacasandile
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Reading Material

CHS 3

Lesson 2: Client-Server Architecture

Client-server architecture is a shared computer network architecture where several


clients (remote system) send many requests and finally to obtained services from the
centralized server machine (host system). Client machine delivers a user-friendly interface that
helps users to fire request services of the server computer and finally to show your output on
the client system.

Client-server architecture is also called the “Client/Server Network” or “Network


computing Model“ because in this architecture all services and requests are spread over the
network.
Its functionality is like as distributed computing system because in which all
components are performing their tasks independently from each other.

Types of Client-Server Architecture

1-Tier Architecture

In the 1-tier architecture, all client/server configuration settings, user interface environment,
data logic, and marketing logic system have existed on the same system.

These types of services are reliable but it is very difficult tasks to handle because they
contain all data in different variance, which are allotted the replication of the entire work. This
architecture also contains different layers.
For example – Presentation, Business, Data Access layer with using of a single
software package. All data is saved on the local machine.

Some applications, manage all three tiers like an MP3 player, MS Office; but these types
of applications are presented under 1-tier architecture applications. 

2-Tier Architecture

2-tier architecture provides the best client/server environment that helps to store user interface
on the client system and all database is saved on the  server machine.

In this architecture, client and server machines are connected directly incorporation because if
the client is firing any input for server terminal, then in between should not any intermediate. So,
it delivers the output at the fastest rate and ignores misunderstandings between the other
clients. 

For example – an online ticket reservations program.

Benefits

● Easy to design all applications


● Maximum user satisfaction
● Implementation of Homogeneous Environment
● Best performance
Limitations

● Poor performance due to grow number of connections of each user


● Less security
● All clients are totally dependent upon the manufacturer’s database.
● Less portability means this architecture is totally dependent upon the particular
database.

3-Tier Architecture

In this 3-tier architecture,  middleware  is needed because if the client machine sends the
request to the server machine then firstly this request is received by the middle layer, and
finally this request is obtained to the server.

So, the first response of the server is received by the middle layer then it is obtained to the
client machine. All data logic and business logic are stored on the middleware. Due to the
use of middleware, to improve its flexibility and deliver excellent performance.

The 3-tier architecture is divided into 3 layers such as presentation layer (Client Tier), the
Application layer (Business Tier), and the Database layer (Data Tier).

● The client machine handles the presentation layer,


● the Application layer controls the Application layer,
● the Server machine takes care of the Database layer.

Benefits

● Best performed data integrity


● Improved security to a 2-tier architecture
● Hide database structure

Limitation
To increase the complexity of communication in between client and server because in
which middleware is also used.

N-Tier Architecture

This architecture is also known as the “Multitier Architecture”, so it is scaled form of 3-tier
architecture. In this architecture, entire presentations, application processing, and data
management functions are isolated from each other.

Benefit: It delivers flexible and reusable applications.

Limitation: Harder to implement because it uses the complex structure (componentization of


tiers)

Examples of Client Server Architecture

1. Web Servers

● Web server are high-performance computer system that can host multiples websites.

● On this server, to install different types of web server software like as Apache or
Microsoft IIS, which delivers access to hosted several websites on the internet, and
these servers are linked with internet through higher speed connection that delivers
ultra-data transmission rates.

2. Mail Servers 

● Email servers helps to send and receive all emails. Some software runs on the mail
server which allows to administrator to create and handle all email accounts for any
domain that is hosted on the server.

● Mail servers use some protocols for sending and receiving emails such as SMTP, IMAP,
and POP3. 

✔ SMTP protocol helps to fire messages and manages all outgoing email requests.
✔ IMAP and POP3 help to receive all messages and handle all incoming mails.

3. File Servers 

A file server is a dedicated system that allows users to access all files. It works as a
centralized file storage location, and it can be accessed by several terminal systems.

4. DNS – DNS stands for “Domain Name Server “, and it has a huge database of different types
of public IP addresses, and they link with their hostnames

This type of server help to deliver all resources (like files, directories, shared devices such as
applications and printers) to client terminals like PCs, smartphones, PDAs, laptops, tablets,
etc.

Components of Client-Server Architecture


1. Workstation is also known as “Client Computer “.

There are different types of operating systems, which are installed on the workstations
like Windows 2000, Windows XP, Windows Vista, Windows 7, and Windows 10. These
workstation operating systems are cheaper compared to the server’s operating systems.

2. Server is an ultra-performer computer system that contains the fastest memory, more
hard drive space, and faster speed processors because they save and service several
requests which are coming from the workstation side.

A server plays different types of roles like a mail server, database server, file server, and
domain controller at the same time duration.

3. Network Devices – With the help of network devices; workstations and servers are
connected with each other. Every network device has its own functionality as a hub is
used for making a connection between server to multiple workstations, the repeater is
used for moving data from one device to another device, and bridges helps to isolate all
network segments.

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