Dialogue Persuasion Argumentation

Instruction Interpretation Explanation

Exposition Description Narration

• Conversation
• Email
• Chat
• Text messages
• Postcard
• Letter
A conversation
‘Good morning, Miss Thompson,’ Wexford said.
‘Mrs Pertwee, if you don’t mind. (…) Jack and I got
married very quietly yesterday afternoon.’
‘May I be among the first to offer my congratulations?’
‘Thanks ver much, I’m sure. We didn’t tell anyone about
it, just went off to church quietly by ourselves.’

The best man to die, Ruth Rendell, 1969, adapted.

An email
Chat
Text messages
A postcard
A letter
• Slogan
• Proverb
• Ad
• Speech
 A persuasive text tries
to encourage you to do
something
A slogan [count]
: a word or phrase that is
easy to remember and is
used by a group or
business to attract attention
political/campaign
slogans
advertising/marketing
slogans
A proverb
[count] :a brief
popular saying that
gives advice about
how people should
live or that
expresses a belief
that is generally
thought to be true.
 A speech
(…) We cannot walk alone.
And as we walk, we must make the pledge that we shall always
march ahead. We cannot turn back.
(…)
We cannot be satisfied as long as a Negro in Mississippi cannot vote
and a Negro in New York believes he has nothing for which to vote.
No, no, we are not satisfied, and we will not be satisfied until "justice
rolls down like waters, and righteousness like a mighty stream.”
Martin Luther King, Jr.
I Have a Dream
delivered 28 August 1963, at the Lincoln Memorial, Washington D.C.
Ad
An advert is written to
persuade you to buy
something.
• Discussion
• Debate
• Commentary
• Editorial
• An argumentative text is a text
where different points of view on
an issue are presented. A position is
stated and then supported with
arguments.
• A discussion is a text where two
points of view in an issue are
bpresented with the arguments to
support them.
• Discussion
dis·cus·sion
noun \di-ˈskə-shən\: the act of talking about
something with another person or a group of
people : a conversation about something
:a speech or piece of writing that gives
information, ideas, opinions, etc., about
something
• Debate
Privatisation
Is it time for governments to launch a new wave
of privatisations?
YES NO Moderator
Bernardo Bortolotti Elliott Sclar Urban Planning Matthew
Professor of Economics, Professor and Director, Valencia Special
University of Turin; Director, Centre for Sustainable Urban assignments editor
Sovereign Investment Lab, Development, Columbia
Bocconi University University
• Commentary
Commentary to the Declaration on Human
Rights Defenders: an essential guide to the right
to defend human rights

http://www.ohchr.org/EN/Issues/SRHRDefenders/Pages/Comm
entarytotheDeclarationonHumanRightsDefenders.aspx
• Editorial
Editorial: Rockefeller family, synonymous with oil,
turns its back on fossil fuels
The philanthropic fund’s decision to divest should
help further recognition that the climate change
threat is real.

http://www.dallasnews.com/opinion/editorials/
• Safety instruction
• Safety signs
• Guide
• Leaflet
• Instruction manual
• Safety instruction
Check out these videos posted on youtube:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DYA_ivyj3kE
http://youtu.be/DtyfiPIHsIg

And study the written version here:

Flight safety instructions
• Safety signs
• Guide
Basic information or instruction
Check out this video on tourist-friendly countries:

http://youtu.be/eTN0z3CGprQ
• Leaflet
[count]
: a printed and often
folded sheet of paper
that is usually given
to people for no cost
• Instruction manual
a manual usually
accompanying a technical
device and explaining
how to install or
operate it
• Review
• Essay
• Summary
• Abstract
• Review
• Essay
essay /ɛseɪ/ noun, plural essays [count]
: a short piece of writing that tells a person's
thoughts or opinions about a subject
Your assignment is to write a 500-word essay on
one of Shakespeare's sonnets.
The book is a collection of his previously
unpublished essays on/about a variety of topics.
• Summary
summary /sʌməri/ noun plural summaries [count]
: a brief statement that gives the most important
information about somethingHe concluded the
report with a brief summary.
a chapter/plot summary
They gave a summary of their progress in
building the bridge.
• Abstract
abstract /æbstrækt/ noun plural abstracts[count]
: a brief written statement of the main points or
facts in a longer report, speech, etc. : SUMMARY
• Definition
• Information Leaflet
• Itinerary
• Contract
• Survey
• An explanation is a text where
you present an issue, problem or
reality and then explain its causes
and consequences, or advantages
and disadvantages.
• Definition
def·i·ni·tion
noun \ˌde-fə-ˈni-shən\: an explanation of the
meaning of a word, phrase, etc. : a statement that
defines a word, phrase, etc.
: a statement that describes what something is
: a clear or perfect example of a person or thing
• Information leaflet
• Itinerary
noun \ī-ˈti-nə-ˌrer-ē, ə-, chiefly British ÷-ˈti-nə-rē\:
the places you go to or plan to go to on a
journey; also : a document in which the places you
will be going to are listed
• Contract
1 noun an agreement with specific terms between t
wo or more persons or entities in which there is a
promise to do something in return for a valuable
benefit known as consideration.
• Survey
• Questionnaire
Quiz
• Documentary
• Survey
sur·vey
noun \sər-vā, sər-\: an activity in which many
people are asked a question or a series of questions
in order to gather information about what most
people do or think about something
• Questionnaire/Quiz
ques·tion·naire
noun \kwes-chə-ner,ˌwesh-\: a written set of
questions that are given to people in order to collect
facts or opinions about something

Click here for a daily quiz:

http://www.theguardian.com/news/series/the-
daily-quiz
• Documentary
documentary /dɑkjəmɛntri/ noun
plural documentaries [count] : a movie or television
program that tells the facts about actual people and
events
We watched a documentary on the early
history of jazz.
A documentary on the history of slavery:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6XQkPzKe-PY
• Newspaper Article
Headline
• Report
• Horoscope
• Newspaper Article
Headline
• Report
1 report /rɪpoɚt/ noun plural reports [count]
: a story in a newspaper or on radio or television
that is about something that happened or that
gives information about something a
news/weather/financial report
a special report on/about health
a report from our correspondent in China
• Report
2
a : a written or spoken description of a situation,
event, etc. She wrote/made a report of the
meeting.
He gave a detailed/full report on/about the
project.
a medical report
• Report
2
b : an official document that gives information
about a particular subject
the government's report on crime in 2006
The company issued/published/released its
annual (business) report.
• Report
3
: a written or spoken statement about something
that may or may not be true
Unconfirmed reports state that over 100
people were hurt.
By/from all reports, you are a very hard
worker. [=everyone says that you are a very
hard worker]
• Horoscope
horoscope /horəskoʊp/ noun
plural horoscopes [count]
: advice and future predictions based on the date
of a person's birth and the positions of the stars
and planets
• Short Story
Fairy Tale
• Biography
Memoir
• Diary
Travel Narrative
• Short Story
short story noun
plural short stories [count]
: a short written story usually
dealing with few characters:
a short work of fiction
Here’s an example. Click to
read it.
• Fairy Tale
fairy tale noun plural fairy tales [count]
: a simple children's story about magical creatures
the fairy tale about the sleeping princess
— sometimes used figuratively Their marriage is a
real-life fairy tale. [=they have a very happy
marriage]
a fairy-tale romance
called also fairy story
• Fairy Tale
Once upon a time... there lived an unhappy young
girl. Unhappy she was, for her mother was dead, her
father had married another woman, a widow with
two daughters, and her stepmother didn't like her
one little bit…
• Biography
biography /baɪɑgrəfi/
noun
plural biographies [count]
: the story of a real person's life written by someone
other than that person
a new biography of Abraham Lincoln
http://www.biography.com/people/abraham-
lincoln-9382540
• Memoir
memoir /ˈmɛmˌwɑɚ/
noun plural memoirs
1
memoirs [plural] : a written account in which
someone (such as a famous performer or politician)
describes past experiences
a retired politician who is writing his memoirs
• Memoir
2
[count] : a written account of someone or
something that is usually based on personal
knowledge of the subject
He has written a memoir of his mother.
a memoir of Hollywood in the 1930s
• Diary
diary /ˈdajəri/ noun plural diaries [count]
: a book in which you write down your personal
experiences and thoughts each day
His diaries [=journals] were published after his
death.
She kept a diary [=wrote regularly in her diary]
while she was traveling in Europe.
• Travel Narrative
The genre of travel literature includes outdoor
literature, exploration literature, adventure
literature, mountain literature, nature writing, and
the guide book, as well as accounts of visits to
foreign countries.

http://youtu.be/t_SG8PNhbmQ