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Efficiency

The efficiency of a system is the ratio of useful energy output to the total energy input expressed as a percentage. Higher efficiencies indicate less wasted energy. Worked examples are provided to demonstrate efficiency calculations for a light bulb, crane, and electrical generator. The efficiency of each system can be determined by dividing the useful energy output by the total energy input and multiplying by 100.

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Moodely Ruskyn
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42 views2 pages

Efficiency

The efficiency of a system is the ratio of useful energy output to the total energy input expressed as a percentage. Higher efficiencies indicate less wasted energy. Worked examples are provided to demonstrate efficiency calculations for a light bulb, crane, and electrical generator. The efficiency of each system can be determined by dividing the useful energy output by the total energy input and multiplying by 100.

Uploaded by

Moodely Ruskyn
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Efficiency of a system

The efficiency of a system is the ratio of useful energy output from the system to the total
energy input.

𝐮𝐮𝐮𝐮𝐮𝐮𝐮𝐮𝐮𝐮𝐮𝐮 𝐞𝐞𝐞𝐞𝐞𝐞𝐞𝐞𝐞𝐞𝐞𝐞 𝐨𝐨𝐨𝐨𝐨𝐨𝐨𝐨𝐨𝐨𝐨𝐨


(%) 𝐞𝐞𝐞𝐞𝐞𝐞𝐞𝐞𝐞𝐞𝐞𝐞𝐞𝐞𝐞𝐞𝐞𝐞𝐞𝐞 = (𝐱𝐱 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏)
𝐭𝐭𝐭𝐭𝐭𝐭𝐭𝐭𝐭𝐭 𝐞𝐞𝐞𝐞𝐞𝐞𝐞𝐞𝐞𝐞𝐞𝐞 𝐢𝐢𝐢𝐢𝐢𝐢𝐢𝐢𝐢𝐢

Worked example 14

A filament lamp emits 92 J of thermal energy for every 8 J of energy emitted as light. What is
the efficiency of the lamp, as the percentage of electrical energy converted to light energy?

Useful output energy (emitted as light) = 8 J


Wasted energy (emitted as thermal energy) = 92 J
Total energy input = 92 + 8 = 100 J
𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢 𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜
% 𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒 = 𝑥𝑥 100
𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡 𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒 𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖
8
= 𝑥𝑥 100%
100
=8%
Worked example 15
A crane lifts a weight of 1000 N through a vertical height of 30 m. It uses 60 000 J of energy.
What is the efficiency of the crane?

useful energy output


% efficiency = x 100
total energy input
Fxd
= x 100
total energy input
1000 x 30
= � � x 100 = 50 %
60 000

Worked example 16

The efficiency of an electrical generator is 65%. The energy input to the generator is 12 kJ.
What is the useful energy output?

useful energy output


% efficiency = x 100
total energy input
useful energy output
65 = x 100
12
useful energy output = 7.8 kJ

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