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Notes On Energy

Kinetic energy is the energy of an object due to its motion. It depends on the object's mass and speed. Gravitational potential energy is the energy an object possesses due to its vertical position in a gravitational field. It depends on the object's mass and height. Worked examples demonstrate calculating kinetic energy, gravitational potential energy, and the relationship between the two types of energy for objects in motion.

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Moodely Ruskyn
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72 views

Notes On Energy

Kinetic energy is the energy of an object due to its motion. It depends on the object's mass and speed. Gravitational potential energy is the energy an object possesses due to its vertical position in a gravitational field. It depends on the object's mass and height. Worked examples demonstrate calculating kinetic energy, gravitational potential energy, and the relationship between the two types of energy for objects in motion.

Uploaded by

Moodely Ruskyn
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Kinetic energy

The energy possessed by an object due to its motion is called kinetic energy.

Kinetic energy depends on an object’s mass and speed.

Where
1 𝐸𝐸𝐾𝐾 : kinetic energy (in J)
Equation 𝐸𝐸𝐾𝐾 = 𝑚𝑚𝑣𝑣 2
2 m: mass (in kg)
v: speed (in m/s)

Worked example 5
An object of mass 4.5 kg is travelling at 7.0 m/s. How much kinetic energy does the object
have?

1
𝐸𝐸𝐾𝐾 = 𝑚𝑚𝑣𝑣 2
2
1
= (4.5)(7.0)2
2
= 110 J

Worked example 6
A woman of mass 50 kg has 81 J of kinetic energy. What is her speed?

1
𝐸𝐸𝐾𝐾 = 𝑚𝑚𝑣𝑣 2
2
1
81 = (50)(𝑣𝑣)2
2
(2 𝑥𝑥 81)
𝑣𝑣 2 =
50
(2 𝑥𝑥 81)
𝑣𝑣 = � = 1.8 𝑚𝑚/𝑠𝑠
50
Gravitational potential energy

It is the energy possessed by an object when it is vertically elevated in a gravitational field.

Gravitational potential energy depends on an object’s mass and height.

Where
∆𝐸𝐸𝑃𝑃 : change in gravitational potential energy (in J)
Equation ∆𝐸𝐸𝑃𝑃 = 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚∆ℎ m: mass (in kg)
g: gravitational field strength (in N/kg)
∆h: change in height (in m)

Worked example 7

A girl lifts an object of mass 1.0 kg from the floor and puts it on a ledge 2.0 m above the
floor. How much potential energy is gained by the object?

[gravitational field strength g = 9.8 N/kg]

∆𝐸𝐸𝑃𝑃 = 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚∆ℎ
= (1.0)(9.8)(2.0)
= 20 𝐽𝐽
Worked example 8

A car of mass 1000 kg is driven 200 m up an incline so that it rises 50 m vertically.

The acceleration of free fall g is 9.8 m/s2.


What is the gain in gravitational potential energy?

∆𝐸𝐸𝑃𝑃 = 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚∆ℎ
= (1000)(9.8)(50)
= 490 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘

Worked example 9

A block of mass 2 kg slides from rest through a distance of 20 m down a frictionless slope.

What is the kinetic energy of the block at the bottom of the slope?
The acceleration of free fall g is 9.8 m/s2.

∆𝐸𝐸𝑃𝑃 = 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚∆ℎ
= (2)(9.8)(10)
= 196 𝐽𝐽

𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙 𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 𝐸𝐸𝑃𝑃 = 𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺 𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 𝐸𝐸𝐾𝐾


‫ = 𝐾𝐾𝐸𝐸؞‬196 𝐽𝐽
Worked example 10

The diagram shows a curved curtain rail that has a steel ball rolling on it. The ball is released
at point A. At which point does the ball have maximum kinetic energy?

Answer: C

Worked example 11

A ball is dropped from a height as shown.

Ignoring air resistance, which statement about the total energy of the ball can be made at the
all the points shown?

The total energy of the ball is the same at all points.


Worked example 12

A stone is released from rest from a high building on Earth. Air resistance is negligible. What
is its speed when it has fallen 5.0 m?

𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺 𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 𝐸𝐸𝐾𝐾 = 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙 𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 𝐸𝐸𝑃𝑃


1
𝑚𝑚𝑣𝑣 2 = 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚∆ℎ
2
𝑣𝑣 = �2𝑔𝑔ℎ

𝑣𝑣 = √2 𝑥𝑥 9.8 𝑥𝑥 5.0 = 9.9 𝑚𝑚/𝑠𝑠

Worked example 13

Work done by 400 N force = Gain in GPE, E + Work done against friction, W

F x d = mg∆h + Work done against friction

Work done against friction, W = (F x d) – (mg∆h)

= (400 x 5.0) – (500 x 3.0)

= 500 N

E = 2000 J

W = 500 J

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