ABSTARCT

The purpose of this experiment is to categorize if the liquid is denser or less dense than water.
Density is a measure of how compact the mass in a substance or object is. Density is a measure of mass
per unit of volume. Just like in any other experiments, we must first gather the data that is needed in order
for us to find out if the given liquid is denser or less dense. We will also learn here how to identify the
densities of unknown liquids by comparing the calculated densities with the tabulated true values.

INTRODUCTION

Comparable to a solid, a liquid has a distinct density. A liquid's density is a gauge of how heavy it
is relative to the amount being measured. The liquid that weighs heavier is more dense if you weigh two
liquids with similar volumes or quantities. A substance that is less dense than water will float if it is gently
introduced to the water's surface. A substance placed to the water's surface that is denser than water will
sink. Every substance or material has a characteristic called density. The masses or weights of any two
materials with the same volume might differ. This is explained by the fact that every substance or material
in the cosmos has distinct qualities or traits. One of these characteristics is density, which is defined as the
mass or weight per unit volume. Measurement of density is an important analytical method in several
situations. By measuring the density of the electrolyte, a sulfuric acid solution, for instance, it is possible
to assess the health of a vehicle's storage battery. The glycol concentration, which establishes the
solution's freezing point, is another density measurement. A basic hydrometer may be used to measure
these densities. Density measures have a wide range of applications in medicine, including testing on
bodily fluids like blood or urine. Solids and liquids are minimally compressible among the states of matter,
but gases are extremely compressible. When one is concerned with consequences that depend on force,
weight density is considered, whereas mass density is employed when mass is considered.

PROCEDURES

The procedures in doing this experiment 8 Density of Liquids, let’s start with the materials, the
materials are the Mounted U – tube, liquids immiscible with water, colored water, dropper, and lastly is
the ruler. Now we go to the procedures the first step is to pour the cooking oil into the tube using a
dropper until it is about 1/3 full , next is once the cooking oil has settled, put some colored water into the
tube through the other arm and be careful that the system is not shaken, next is to measure the heights
of the liquid column (Yx) and the water column (Yw) from the interface or junction and record them in the
data table, and lastly do the same for the other liquids the glycerin and kerosene.

DATA AND OBSERVATIONS

LIQUID HEIGHT OF LIQUID COLUMN

A 4.6 5.6

B 4.8 3.8

C 5.3 4.8

Table 1

Observations: For the Table 1, it shows the different measurement of sample liquid in the experiment
that has been done. U-tube has been used in this part of the experiment.

ANALYSIS

1. Compare the heights of the unknown liquid with that of water. Classify the unknown liquid as less dense
or denser than water and record in the table shown below. Check appropriate column.

LIQUID LESS DENSE DENSER

✔
A

✔
B

✔
C
Table 2

Observations: For the Table 2, it shows a comparison between denser and less dense. Obviously
in the data, the liquid A is denser than liquid b and c.

2. Using the equation 𝒚𝒙 𝝆𝒙 = 𝒚𝒘 𝝆𝒘 and taking 1 g/cc as the value for ρw , calculate the density of the
unknown liquid. Write your computations below:
LIQUID DENSITY OF THE UNKNOWN LIQUID (Px)

A 1.217 g/cc

B 0.79 g/cc
 C 0.91 g/cc

COMPUTATIONS

FOR LIQUID A

𝑌𝑤𝑃𝑤
𝐹𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑎: 𝑃𝑥 =
𝑌𝑥
𝑔
𝑃𝑥 = (5.6) (1 𝑐𝑐)
4.6
𝑔
𝑃𝑥 = 1.217 𝑐𝑐

FOR LIQUID B

𝑌𝑤𝑃𝑤
𝐹𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑎: 𝑃𝑥 =
𝑌𝑥
𝑔
𝑃𝑥 = (3.8) (1 𝑐𝑐)
4.8
𝑔
𝑃𝑥 = 0.79
𝑐𝑐

FOR LIQUID C

𝑌𝑤𝑃𝑤
𝐹𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑎: 𝑃𝑥 =
𝑌𝑥
𝑔
𝑃𝑥 = (4.8) (1 𝑐𝑐)
5.3
𝑔
𝑃𝑥 = 0.91
𝑐𝑐
Table 3

Observations: For the Table 3, it shows how the different values of density of different liquids.
3. Compare the computed value with the densities given in the table below and identify the liquid.

LIQUID DENSITY (g/cc) DENSITY (g/cc)

0.92 g/cc 1.217 g/cc glycerin

0.79 g/cc kerosene

0.91 g/cc cooking oil

Table 4

Observations: For the Table 4, it shows the values of density with their respective types of liquids

4. For the liquids that were correctly identified, compute the percentage error of the densities from the
equation:

COMPUTATIONS FOR PERCENTAGE ERROR

FOR LIQUID A - GLYCERIN

|ρ𝑒𝑥𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 − ρ𝑎𝑐𝑐𝑒𝑝𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 |

𝐸𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑟 % = ρ𝑥 100%
𝑒𝑥𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒
|1.|
𝐸𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑟 % = 𝑥 100%
1.
𝐸𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑟 % = 0.08 %

FOR LIQUID B - KEROSENE

|ρ𝑒𝑥𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 − ρ𝑎𝑐𝑐𝑒𝑝𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 |

𝐸𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑟 % = ρ𝑥 100%
𝑒𝑥𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒
|0.|
𝐸𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑟 % = 𝑥 100%
0.
 𝐸𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑟 % = 3.66 %

FOR LIQUID C – COOKING OIL

|ρ𝑒𝑥𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 − ρ𝑎𝑐𝑐𝑒𝑝𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 |

𝐸𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑟 % = ρ𝑥 100%
𝑒𝑥𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒
|0.|
𝐸𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑟 % = 𝑥 100%

0.
𝐸𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑟 % = 1.09 %

CONCLUSION

In making activities such as lab sheets we can’t avoid experiencing circumstances that may cause
a problem or hinder the process when doing the activity. There are several difficulties that we experience,
and this is according to our group members. First, as the semester goes on many professors assign more
activities, also our finals week is nearing so we need to comply with our deficiency. So, in line with the last
statements we experience thus we have difficulties in managing our time because of stress, and
physical/mental exhaustion.

Furthermore, as we conduct this activity, we should understand that our primary objective is to
determine if the liquid is denser or less dense than water. To do this experiment, some data must be
collected such as the level of the substance and its density. We should be wary, gather the data correctly,
and use the necessary formulas for tabulating and calculating the results. Using the monometer in the
experiment setup, we discovered which liquid is denser and which is less dense. According to our findings,
Liquid A is denser than water, although Liquid B and Liquid C are both less dense. Moving on to our second
anal the densities are calculated for each substance by using the formula YxPx = YwPw. Based on the
calculated results of densities, Liquid A has a density of 1.217 g/cc, for Liquid be it has 0.79 g/ss, and 0.91
g/cc for Liquid C. Lastly, we also determine its identity such as Kerosene, Glycerin, and cooking oil, after
that we calculate the density per substance; we also computed its percentage error using the
|ρ𝑒𝑥𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 − ρ𝑎𝑐𝑐𝑒𝑝𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 | formula
𝐸𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑟 % = ρ𝑥 100%
𝑒𝑥𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒