MANGALDAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

Mangaldan, Pangasinan
S.Y. 2021 – 2022
Senior High School Department
EARTH AND LIFE SCIENCE

Name: _____________________________________________ Section: ____________________________

Name of Teacher: __________________________________ Date of Submission: _________________
Quarter No.: SECOND QUARTER Week No.: 4

QUARTER 2 – MODULE 26: THE ORGAN SYSTEMS

Most Essential Learning Competency:

• Describe the general and unique characteristics of the different organ systems in
representative animals (S11/12LT-IIIaj- 21)

• Analyze and appreciate the functional relationships of the different organ systems in
ensuring animal survival (S11/12LT-IIIaj- 22)

Objectives:

At the end of the lesson, students must be able to:

1. Identify the different organ systems of humans;

2. Describe the characteristics of different organ systems of humans;
3. Identify the different function organ system of humans; and
4. Explain the functional relationships of the different function organ system in ensuring human
survival.

Lesson
The Organ Systems
26
What’s In
Human body is composed of systems of organ occurred with combination of these
organs and more organs.
In this activity, match the organ or organ system in Column A with its characteristics in
Column B.
 Column A Column B

1. The role of this system is to break down food and

a. Excretory System
deliver the products to the blood for the dispersal to
the body cells.
b. Circulatory System
2. This is the part of the digestive system where water
from the food you ate is reclaimed.
c. Immune System
3. The system responsible for the exchange of oxygen
and carbon dioxide.
d. Respiratory System
4. The major function of this system is transportation
through the blood.
e. Digestive System
5. To remove the wastes produced through
metabolism is the main role of this system.
f. Musculoskeletal
6. The part of musculoskeletal system responsible for System
the storage of calcium remove water, salts and other
wastes. g. Nervous System
7. This system is composed of dedicated cells and
tissues to deal with the threat of infection. h. Large intestines
8. One of the organs of the immune system found in
the small intestine. i. Skeletal System
9. The brain region that controls the pituitary gland.
j. Peyer’s Patches
10. The system that gives humans the ability to move
using bones and muscles. k. Hypothalamus

What’s New

Organs in the human body can be classified in terms of their functions and locations in
systems: Internal organs, digestive organs, excretory organs, respiration organs, circulation organs
and sense organs. Most of the internal organs in human body take place in the ribcage and
abdominal region.
It is very important to know the location of each organ. The human body contains five
organs that are considered vital for survival. They are the heart, brain, kidneys, liver, and lungs. If any
of the five vital organs stops functioning, the death of the organism is imminent without medical
intervention.
1. The heart is located in the center of the chest, and its function is to keep blood flowing
through the body. Blood carries substances to cells that they need and also carries
away wastes from cells.
2. The brain is located in the head and functions as the body’s control center.
It is the seat of all thoughts, memories, perceptions, and feelings.
3. The two kidneys are located in the back of the abdomen on either side of the body.
Their function is to filter blood and form urine, which is excreted from the body.
4. The liver is located on the right side of the abdomen. It has many functions, including
 filtering blood, secreting bile that is needed for digestion, and producing proteins
necessary for blood clotting.
5. The two lungs are located on either side of the upper chest. Their main function is
exchanging oxygen and carbon dioxide with the blood.

Label the human structure with the organs inside the box.

Heart

Brain

Kidney

Intestines

Skin

Blood vessels

Pancreas

Liver

Joints/Ligaments

Lungs

Bones

Modified from: https://www.bing.com

What is It
Body systems are groups of organs and tissues that work together to perform
important jobs for the body. Some organs may be part of more than one body system if
they serve more than one function. Other organs and tissues serve a purpose in only one
body system.
The Digestive System
The digestive system is basically a tube running through
the body from mouth to anus. The organs of the digestive
include the oral cavity (mouth), esophagus, stomach, small
and large intestines, and rectum. Their role is to break down
food and deliver the products to the blood for dispersal to the
body cells. The undigested food that remains in the tract
leaves the body through the anus as feces.
There are two groups of organs in the digestive system.
One group composes the gastrointestinal tract, a tube that is Image source: Wikipedia
open in both end from the mouth through the anus.
And the other group of organs that help to chemically breakdown the food are the liver and
pancreas. The breakdown activities that begin in the mouth are completed in the small intestine.
From that point on, the major function of the of the digestive system is to reclaim the water. The liver
is considered to be a digestive organ because of the bile it releases that aid in breaking down large
fat globules into smaller ones.

The Respiratory System

The jobs of the respiratory system are to keep the body constantly supplied with oxygen
and to remove carbon dioxide. The organs of the respiratory system
include the nose, pharynx, larynx,
trachea, bronchi and their smaller
branches, and the lungs, which
contain the alveoli, or terminal air
sacs. Since gas exchanges with the
blood happen only in the alveoli, the
other respiratory system structures
are really just conducting
passageways that allow air to
reach the lungs.
However, these passageways have
another, very important job. They purify,
humidify, and warm incoming air.
Thus, the air finally reaching the
Lungs had fewer irritants (such as dust
or bacteria) than when it entered the system, and it is warm and damp.
The Circulatory System
When most people hear the term circulatory system,
they immediately think of the heart. Are you one of them?
We have all felt our own heart “pound” from time to time,
and we tend to get a bit nervous when this happens. The
crucial importance of the heart has been recognized for
a long time. However, the circulatory system, is much
more than just the heart, and from a scientific and
medical standpoint, it is important to understand why the
system is so vital to life.
The primary organ of the circulatory system are the
heart and blood vessels. Most simply stated, the major
function of the circulatory system is transportation. Using
blood as the transport vehicle, the system carries oxygen,
nutrients, cell wastes, hormones, and many other
substances vital for body homeostasis to and from the
cells. White blood cells
and chemicals in the blood help to protect the body from such “foreign invaders” as bacteria,
toxins, and tumor cells. The blood through the blood pump, propelling blood through the blood
vessels to all body tissues.

The Excretory System

Cells produce water and carbon dioxide as by-products of metabolic breakdown of sugars,
fats, and proteins. Chemical groups such as nitrogen, sulfur, and phosphorous must be stripped,
from the large molecules to which they were formerly attached, as part of preparing them for
energy conversion. The continuous production of metabolic wastes establishes a steep
concentration gradient across the plasma membrane, causing wastes to diffuse out of cells and
into the extracellular fluid.
So, what happens to your body’s wastes? Obviously, you must get rid of them. This is the
job of the excretory system. You remove waste as a gas (carbon dioxide), as a liquid (urine and
sweat, and as a solid).
The organs of the excretory system are also parts of other organ systems. For example, your
lungs are part of the respiratory system. Your lungs remove carbon dioxide from your body, so they
are also part of the excretory system. More organs of the excretory system are listed below.
Table 1: (modified from: https://www.ck12.org/biology/excretory-system/lesson/Excretion-MS-LS/)
The Immune System
Multicellular animals, like humans, have dedicated cells or tissues to deal with the threat of
infection. Some of these responses happen immediately so that an infecting agent can be
quickly contained. Other responses are slower but are more tailored to the infecting agent.
Collectively, these protections are known as the immune system. The human immune system,
when functioning properly, it is able to identify and attack a variety of threats, including bacteria,
parasites, and viruses, like the Novel Corona Virus (NCoV), while distinguishing them from the
body's own healthy tissue.
The cells that make up the specific immune
response circulate in the blood, but they are also
found in a variety of organs. Within the organ,
immune tissues allow for maturation of immune cells,
trap pathogens and provide a place where immune
cells can interact with one another and mount a
specific response. Organs and tissues involved in the
immune system include the thymus, bone marrow,
lymph nodes, lymphatic vessels, spleen, appendix,
tonsils, and Peyer’s patches (in the small intestine).

Image source: healthdirect.gov.au

The Endocrine System

Image source: anatomy-medicine.com

 Like the nervous system, the endocrine system, controls body activities. Human endocrine
system is a group of ductless glands that regulate body processes by secreting chemical
substances called hormones. Hormones act on nearby tissues or are carried in the bloodstream
to act on specific target organs and distant tissues. The endocrine glands are nor connected
anatomically in the same way that parts of the other organ systems are. What they have in
common is that they all secret hormones, which regulate other structures. The body functions
controlled by hormones are many and varied, involving every cell in the body. Growth,
reproduction, and food use by cells are all controlled (at least in part) by hormones.

The Nervous System

The nervous system is a complex collection of
nerves and specialized cells known as neurons that
transmit signals between different parts of the body. It is
essentially the body's electrical wiring. The nervous
system is the body’s fast-acting control system. As with
other higher vertebrates, the human nervous system has
two main parts: the central nervous system (the brain
and spinal cord) and the peripheral nervous system (the
nerves that carry impulses to and from the central
nervous system). In humans the brain is especially large
and well developed. The body must be able to respond
to irritants or stimuli coming from outside the body, such
as the light, sound, or changes in temperature, and from Image source: Pinterest
inside the body, such as decreases in oxygen or
stretching of tissue. The sensory receptors detect these
changes and send messages, via the electrical signals
called nerve impulses, to the central nervous system
(CNS) so that it is constantly informed about what is
going on. The CNS then asses this information and
responds by activating the appropriate body muscles or Image source: Pinterest
glands.

The Musculo-Skeletal System

The human musculoskeletal system (also known as the locomotor system, and previously
the activity system) is an organ system that gives humans the ability to move using their muscular
and skeletal systems.
It is made up of the bones of the skeleton, muscles, cartilage tendons, ligaments, joints, and
other connective tissue that supports and binds tissues and organs together. The musculoskeletal
system's primary functions include supporting the body, allowing motion, and protecting vital
organs. The skeletal portion of the system serves as the main storage system for calcium and
phosphorus and contains critical components of the hematopoietic system.
 This system describes how bones are
connected to other bones and muscle fibers via
connective tissue such as tendons and
ligaments. The bones provide stability to the
body. Muscles keep bones in place and also
play a role in the movement of bones. To allow
motion, different bones are connected by
joints. Cartilage prevents the bone ends from
rubbing directly onto each other. Muscles
contract to move the bone attached at the
joint. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki)

What’s More
Image source: Study.com

The organization of organs and organ systems in multicellular organisms is very important for
the effective functioning of your whole body. There are millions and millions of cells that make an
organism, like you. In humans and other higher- order multicellular organisms, there are so many
cells that are present, that it is practically difficult for every cell to be in direct contact with the
external environment for the nutrient and other needs.
The interesting thing about organ systems is that none of them are able to complete their
functions without the help of at least one other organ system. This is a lot of the reason why a
problem in one organ system will cause problems to occur in other body systems. They are all
interdependent on each other, meaning that they need each other in order to function. There are
numerous examples of this interdependence throughout each type of organism.
Humans, like other animals, are a bit more complex than that because they have multiple
organ systems. Two systems that work very closely together are our circulatory and respiratory
systems. The circulatory system includes your heart and blood vessels, which function to remove
deoxygenated blood from and return oxygenated blood throughout your body. The organs of the
respiratory system work together to bring oxygen into and remove carbon dioxide from the lungs. This
is done in order to make sure oxygen is available for every part of the body and that carbon dioxide
does not build up in the body.
The lungs are not attached to the various parts of the body and the heart does not bring
oxygen into the body. They need each other in order to accomplish the full function. Without this
collaboration, oxygen would just sit in the lungs and never get out to the body and blood would
circulate back out to the body without oxygen, eventually causing the organs of the body to die.
Do you see the connection yet? The blood vessels bring deoxygenated blood into the right
side of the heart. Another set of blood vessel take blood from the right side of the heart to the lungs
to drop off carbon dioxide and pick up oxygen. Blood vessels then take the blood to the left side
of the heart. The heart then sends the oxygenated blood out to the body.
The musculoskeletal and nervous system working together to create movement. The
instructional objectives for this project will be for student to be able to describe how the muscular,
nervous and skeletal systems work together in order to cause movement. for your convenience.
(msu.edu)
The nervous system controls virtually all body activities, and the endocrine system secretes
hormones that regulate these activities. Functioning together, the organ systems supply body cells
with all the substances they need and eliminate their wastes. (flexbooks.ck12.org).

Processing questions. (PORTFOLIO OUTPUT #6)

It has been discussed earlier that organ systems interact with each other for sustaining
balance and survival of human being. In this activity, try to answer the following questions in a
separate sheet of paper.
1. Can you name two or more organs from two different systems that work together?
2. How these two works together for your survival?
3. What do you think will happen to your body without interdependence among
organ systems?

What I have Learned (PORFOLIO OUTPUT #7)

Directions: Identify the following.
1. What organ system has the role to break down food and deliver the products to the blood for
dispersal to the body cells?
2. What organ system provides form, support, stability, and movement to the body?
3. What organ system carry impulses to and from the central nervous system?
4. What organ system is a group of ductless glands that regulate body processes by secreting
chemical substances called hormones?
5. What organ system when functioning properly, it is able to identify and attack viruses, like the
SARS-CoV2?
6. What organ system has organs which are also parts of other organ systems?
7. What organ system is the body’s fast-acting control system?
8. What organ system where gas exchanges with the blood happen?
9. What organ system has the function to keep the body constantly supplied with oxygen and to
remove carbon dioxide?
10. What organ system keep bones in place and also play a role in the movement of bones?

What I Can Do (PERFORMANCE TASK #4)

A Health Consultant
You have just learned about the different organs and systems that make a complex individual
like you. And being aware that these organ systems may also fail to perform its function that might
be caused by a disease, it is important for you to know some of the diseases and their causes to
better care the organs of your body. You know that all these organs are crucial for your survival,
but in this activity, you are required to choose from the eight systems that have been discussed that
you think you have to take good care of the most.
Write your output in a short bond paper and draw or paste a picture of the organ system of
your choice.
The RUBRIC below will guide you on how you can succeed with your desire to show how
much you appreciate the organ of your choice.
 5 4 3 2

Focus on There is one Main idea is Main idea is The main

Topic clear, well- clear but the somewhat idea is not
(Content) focused topic. supporting clear but clear. There is
Main idea information is there is a a
stands-out and is general. need for seemingly
supported by more random
detailed supporting collection of
information. information. information.

Grammar Writer makes no Writer makes 1-2 Writer makes Writer makes
& Spelling errors in errors in 3-4 errors more than 4
grammar or grammar or in grammar errors in
spelling that spelling that or grammar
distract the distract the spelling or
reader from the reader from the that spelling
content. content. distract the that
reader from distract the
the content. reader from
the
content.

Answer Key
WHAT’S IN: Matching Type WHAT’S NEW: LABELING

1. e 6. i 1. Brain 7. Intestines
2. h 7. c 2. Lungs 8. Skin
3. d 8. j 3. Heart 9. Bones
4. b 9. k 4. Liver 10. Blood Vessel
5. a 10. f 5. kidneys 11. Joints/Ligaments
6. Pancreas

***All activities are taken from Pangasinan Division II module.

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