Areas Under the One-Tailed Standard Normal

Curve
This table provides the area between
the mean and someZ score.
Forexample, when Zscore= 1.45 O=1
the area= 0.4265.
0.4265
=0 1.45
0.00 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09
0.0 0.0000 0.0040 0.0080 0.0120 0.0160 0.0199 0.0239 0.0279 0.0319 0.0359
0.1 0.0398 0.0438 0.0478 0.0517 0.0557 0.0596
0.2
0.0636 0.0675 0.0714 0.0753
0.0793 0.0832 0.0871 0.0910 0.0948 0.0987 0.1026 0.1064 0.1103 0.1141
0.3 0.1179 0.1217 0.1255 0.1293 0.1331 0.1368 0.1406 0.1443 0.1480 0.1517
0.4 0.1554 0.1591 0.1628 0.1664 0.1700 0.1736 0.1772 0.1808 0.1844 0.1879
0.5 0.1915 0.1950 0.1985 0.2019 0.2054 0.2088
0.2123 0.2157 0.2190 0.2224
0.6 0.2257 0.2291 0.2324 0.2357
0.2389 0.2422 0.2454 0.2486 0.2517 0.2549
0.7 0.2580 0.2611 0.2642 0.2673 0.2704 0.2734 0.2764 0.2794 0.2823 0.2852
0.8 0.2881 0.2910 0.2939 0.2967 0.2995 0.3023 0.3051 0.3078 0.3106 0.3133
0.9 0.3159 0.3186 0.3212 0.3238 0.3264 0.3289 0.3315 0.3340 0.3365 0.3389
1.0 0.3413 0.3438 0.3461 0.3485, 0.3508. 0.3531 0.3554 0.3577. 0.3599 0.3621
1.1 0.3643 0.3665 0,3686 0.3708 0.3729 0.3749 0.3770 0.3790 0.3810 0.3830
1.2 0.3849 0.3869 0.3888 0.3907 0.3925 0.3944 0.3962 0.3980 0.3997 0.4015
1.3 0.4032 0.4049 0.4066 0.4082 0.4099 0.4115 0.4131 0.4147 0.4162 0.4177
1.4 0.4192 0.4207 0.4222 0.4236 0.4251 D.4265 0.4279 0.4292 0.4306 0.4319
1.5 0.4332 0.4345 0.4357 0.4370 0.4382 0.4394 0.4406 0.4418 0.4429 0.4441
1.6 0.4452 0.4463 0.4474 0.4484 0.4495 0.4505 0.4515 0.4525 0.4535 0.4545
1.7 0.4554 0.4564 0.4573 0.4582 0.4591 0.4599 0.4608 0.4616 0.4625 0.4633
1.8 0.4641 0.4649 0.4656 0.4664 0.4671 0.4678 0.4686 0.4693 0.4699 0.4706
1.9 0.4713 0.4719 0.4726 0.4732 0.4738 0.4744 0.47500.47560.4761 0.4767
2.0 0.4772 0.4778 0.4783 0.4788 0.4793 0.4798 0.4803 0.4808 0.4812 0.4817
2.1 0.4821 0.4826 0.4830 0.4834 0.4838 0.4842 0.4846 0.4850 0.4854 0.4857
2.2 0.4B61 0.4864 0.4868 0.4871 0.4875 0.4878 0.4881 0.4884 0.4887 0.4890
2.3 0.4893 0.4896 0.4898 0.4901 0.4904 0.4906 0.4909 0.4911 04913 0.4916
2.4 0.4918 0.4920 0.4922 0.4925 0.4927 0.4929 0.4931 0.4932 0.49340.4936
2.5 0.4938 .0.4940 0.4941 0.4943 0.4945 0.4946 0.4948 0.4949 0.4951 0.4952
2.6 0.4953 0.4955 0.4956 0.4957 0.4959 0.4960 0.4961 0.4962 0.4963 0.4964
0.4967 0.4968 0.4969 0.4970 0.4971 0.4972 0.4973 0.4974
2.7 0.4965 0.4966
0:4979 0.4980 0.4981
2.8 0.4974 0.4975 0.4976 0.4977 0.4977 0.4978 0.4979
0.4982 0.4982 0.4983 0.4984 0.4985 0.4985 0.4986
0.4984 0.4986
|2.9 0.4981 0.4990 0.4990
3.0 .0.4987 0.4987 0,4987 0.4988 0.4988 0.4989 0.4989 0.4989 0.4993
0.4990 0.4991
0.4991 0.4991 0.4992 0.4992 0.4992 0.4992 0.4993
3.1 0.4995 0.4995
3.2 0.4993 0.4993 0,4994 0.4994 0.4994 0.4994 0.4994 0.4995
0.4996 0.4996 0.4996 0.4996 0.4996
0.4996 0.4997
3.3 0.4995 0.4995 0.4995 0.4998
0.4997 0.4997 0.4997 0.4997 0.4997 0.4997 0.4997 0.4997 0.4997
3.4 0.4998 0.4998
3.5 0.4998 0.4998 0.4998 0.4998 0.4998 0.4998 0.4998 0.4998 0.4999 0.4999
0.4999 0.4999
0.4999 0.4999 0.4999 0.4999
3.6 0.4998 0.4998 0.4999 0.4999
0.4999 0.4999 0.4999 0.4999 0.4999 0.4999
3.7 0.4999 0.4999 0.4999 0.4999
0.4999
3.8 0.4999 0.4999 0.4999 0.4999 0.4999 0.4999 0.4999
0.5000 0.5000 0.5000 0.5000
0.5000 0.5000 0.5000 0.5000
3.9 0.5000 0.5000
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12 Tabies
F-teet Tables Ti
Tabie entry for p is the
ProbabilityP Table entry for p is the
Probability P
critical value F with critical value F with
probabilityp lying to probabilityp lying to
its right. right.
TABLEE TABLEE
F critical values (continued)
F critical values
Degrees of frecdom in the umerator
Degroes of frecdom in thc numerator
0 12 15 40 50 20 1000
59.44 59.86 60.119 60.71 61.22 61.74 62.05 62.26 62.53 62.69 62.79 63.06 63 30
39.86 9
57.24 5820 58.91 240.54 241.388 243.91 245.95 248.01 24926 250.10 25L.14 251.77 252.20 335 254.19
16143 1. 230.16 233.99 236.77 238.88
1005.6 1014.0
25
0L0
799.50
4999.5
84.1
5403.4
B99.58
5624.6
921.3
3763.6
937.1
S899.0
948.22
59 84
956.66
5981.
963.28
b0Z
968.63
.6055.8
976.71
6106.3
984.87
6157.3.
993.
6208.7
620908
998.0
6239.8
624017
1001.4
6260.6
626099
52286.3
628712
1008.1
6302.5
630285
1009.8
6313.0 39.4
633972
1017.7
6362.7
001 405234 500000 540379 562500 576405 585937 392875 598144 602284 605621 610668 615764 631337 636301
9.37 9.38 9.39 9.41 942 9.44 9.45 9.46 9.47 9.47 9.47 9.48 9A9
53 9.00 9.16 9.24 9.29 :9.33 935 19.40 1941 1943 19.45 19.46 19.46 19.47 19.48 19.48 19.49 19.49
8.51 9 19.16 19.25 19.30 19.33 19.35 19-37 19.38
39.17 39.25 9 30 39.3 39.3 39.37 3939 39.4 39.41 39.43 39.45 39.46 39.46 39.47 39.48 39.43 39.49 3930
39.00 33 99.3 99.37 99.39 99.40 99.42 99.43 45 99446 99.47 99.47 99.48 9943 99.49 99.50
9.1 99.25 99.3
25 999.30 9993. 999.3 99937 999.39 999.4 999.42 999.43 999.45 9994 999.47 999.47 999.43 999.48 999.4 9.50
100 5.54 5.46 3.39 5.34 5.31 5.23 5.27 5.23 5.22 5.20 .17 .1o 5.15 3.1 5.13
10.13 955 9.23 9.12 9.01 8.94 8.89 8.35 8.51 8.79 8.70
8./0 3.0 8.63 3.62 8.58 8.5 8.53
6.04 15.44 15.10 14.88 14.75 14.62 1454 16,12 14.04 14.01 3. 15.95 13.91
27.49 27.35 27.23 27.05 26.87 26.6 26.58 2650 26.41 2635 26. 25-22 26.14
010 34.12 50.82 29.46 23.71 28.24 27.9 129.25 128.32 127.37 126.4 123.84 125.45 124.66
148.50 141.11 137.10 134.58 132.85 131.58 130.62 129.86 124.96 24 123.97 123.53
432 4.19 4.11 4.05 4.01 3.98 3.95 3.94 3.92 3.90 3.87 3.84 3.33 3.82 3.30. 3.80 3.78 3.76
626 O.U 6.04 6.00 5.96 5.9 5.36 5.80 5.77 5./5 5.66
7.71 6.94 6.59 6.39 6.16
8.66 .0
025 10.65 9.93 9.60 936 9.20 9.07 8.93 S.70 8.84 856 8,50 8.40 8.41 8.38
21.20 23.09 16.6 15.98 1552 15.21 14.98 14.80 14.60 15-55 14.02 13.91 13.34 13.75 13.69 13.65 3S6 13.47
49.66 49.00 48.+7 48.05 47.53 46.76 46.10 45.70 45.43 45.09 44.38 44.15 44,40 44.09
74.14 6125 56.18 53.44 51.71 50.53.
3.30 3.27 3.24 3.17 6 15 3.12
406 3.78 3.62 4.74 4.08 .52 456 450 6
6.61 5.79 5.41 5.19 5.05 6.62 6.52 6.43 6.33 44
6.23
10.01 8.43
1327
7.76
12.06
7.39
11.39
7.15
10.97
6.93
10.67 10.46
O.85
10.29 T0.1o 10.05 9.89 9.72 9.55 27 938
O.
99
O.
9. 9.03
A 47.13 37.12 33.20 31 09 29.75 28.33 28.16 27.65 2724 26.92 26.+2 25.91 25.39 25.08 24.87 24.6 24.44 2433 24.06 23,82
05 3.01 93 2.96 2.94 2.90 2.87 2.84 81 2.80 78 2.77 2.76 2.72
0 3.78 346 3.29 4.10 A,06 4.00 3.94 3.87 3.83 3.81 75 3.74 3.67
050 5.99 S.14 4.76
B31 725 6.60 6.23 5.99 5.32 . 5.60 5.52 5.46
7.87
5.37
7.72 3.27 5.17
740
3.11
T30
5.07
7.23
5.01 4.98 496 4.90 4.86
6.89
10 13.75 10.92 9.73 8.75 &AT 8.26 8.10 7.90 1841 17.99
T.1 7.0 15.98
20.80 20.05 19.46 19.03 18.69 7.J0 7.12 16.35 16.67 16.44 1631 16.21 3.77
35. 27.00 23.70 21.92
2.70 2.67
2.63 247
2.78 2.72 2.59 2.57 52 251
100 326 3.79 3.64 3.57 3.31 3.40 3.30 3.23
050 5.59 4.74
5.52
.7 37 4.76 4.67 4.57 4.40 4.15
S39
8.07 6.54 845 7.83 746 6.99 6.84 6.02 6.47 6.31 O.06 S.66
010 12.25 14.63 14.08 13.71 12.93 12.69 12.33 12.20 11.91 I1.72
18.77 17.20 16.21 15.52 1502 2.33
(Conninued)
Deyrees ol lreeton in the denominntor
 &&

N NN
 Degrees l reedon in the denonminator

tw NN:

NN :
 Table of Control Chart Constants
X-bar Chart for sigma RChart Constants S Chart Constants
Constants estimate

Sample A2
Size h As d D DA B3 BA
1.880 2.659 1.128 0 3.267 0 3.267
1.023 1.954 1.693 2.574 0 2.568
0.729 1.628 2.059 2.282 0 2.266
0.577 1.427 2.326 0 2.114 0 2.089
0.483 1.287 2.534 0 2.004 0.030 1.970
0.419 | 1.182 | 2.704 0.076 1.924 0.118 1.882
8 0.373 1.099 2.847 0.136 1.864 0.185 1.815
0.337 1.032 2.970 0.184 1.816 0.239 1.761
10 0.308 0.975 3.078 0.223 1.777 0.284 1.716
0.285 0.927 | 3.173 0.256 |1.744 0.321 1.679
12 0.266 0.886 3.258 0.283 1.717 0.354 1.646
| 13 0.249 0.850 3.336 0.307 1.693 0.382 1.618
14 0.235 0.817 3.407 0.328 1.672 0.406 1.594
15 0.223 0.789 3.472 0.347 1.653 0.428 1.572
16 0.212 0.763 3.532 0.363 1.637 1.552
0.448
17 0.203 0.739 3.588 0.378 1.622| 0.466 1.534
18 0.194 0.718 3.640 0.391 1.608 0.482 1.518
19 0.187 0.698 3.689 0.403 1.597 0.497 1.503
20 0.180 0.680 | 3.735 0.415 1.585 0.510 1.490
21 0.173 0.663 3.778 0.425 1.575 '0.523 1.477
22 0.167 0.647 3.819 0.434 1.566 10.534 1.466
23 0.162 0.633 3.858 0.443 | 1.557 0.545 | 1.455
24 0.157 0.619 3.895 0.451 1.548 0.555 1.445
|25 |0.153|0.606 3.931 0.459 1.541 0.565 1.435

araiahmstitut

-
Angal
517
lu
Madanapaile325
n c h a z g e o fExaninations
 Table of Probabilities for the Chi-Squared Distribution
Alpha Risk
0.995 09900.9750.95 0.9 0.75 O.50.25011 0.05 0.025 0.01 0.005 0.001
0.000039o.0001570.c00982 0.00393 0.0158 0.102 0.455 1.323 2.706 3.841 5.024 6.535 7.879 10.828
0.010 0.020 0.051 0.103 0.211 0575 1.306 2.773 4.605 5.991 73789.210 10.591 13.816
D.072 0.115 0.216 0.352 0.584 1.213 2.366 4.108 6.251 7.015 9.34811.34512.838 16.266
0.207 0.297 0.484 0.711 1.064 1.923 L3.357 5.3857.79 9.48811,143 13.277 14.850 18.467
0.412 0.554 0.831 L.145 1.610 2.675 4.3516.626-9.23611.070-12.83315.006 16.75 20.515
0.676 0.872 1.237 L.635 2.204 3.455. 5.340 7.84110.64512,59214.449 16.812 18.540 22.450
0.989 1.239 1.690 2.167 2.8334.255 6.3469.03712.01714.067 16.013 18.175 20,278 24.322
1.344 1.646 2.100 2.733 3.490 5.071 7.344 10.219 13.362 15.507 17.535 20.090 21.955|26.124
1.735 2.008 2.700 3.325 4.1685.899 0.34311.389 14.684 16.919 19.023 21.666 23.589 27.877
2.156 2.558 3.247 3.940 4.865.6.7379.342 12.549 15.987 18,307 20483 23.209 25.18829.588
2.603 3.053 3.816 4.575 5.578 7.504 10,341 13.701 17.275 19.67521.920 24.725 26.75731.264
3.074 3.571 4.404 5.226 6.304 8.438 11.340 14.845 18.54921.026 23.337 26.217 28.300 32.909
13 3.565 4.107 5.009 5.892 7.0429.29912.340 15.984 19.81222.362 24.736 27.688 29.819 34.528
14 4.075 4.660 5.629 6.5717.790 10.165 13.339 17,11721.064 23.68526.119 29.141 31.319 36.123
1S 4.601 5.229 6.262 7.261 8.547 11.037 14.339 18.245 22.307 24.996 27.408 30.578 32.001 37.697
16 5.142 5.812 6.908 7.962 9.312 11.91215.338 19.369 23.542 26.296 28.045 32.000 34.267 39.252
17 5.697 6.408 7.5648.672 10.08512.792 16.38 20.409 24.769 27.587 30.19133.40935.718 40.790
6.265 7.015 8.2319.39010.065 13.675 17.338 21.605 25.909 28.869 31.526|34.60537.156 42.312
19 6.844 7.633 8.907 10.117 11.651 14.562 18.338 22.718 27.204 30.14432.852 36.191 38.582 43.820
20 7.434 8.260 9.59110.85112413-15:452-19.33723.3282011231.410 34.170 37.56639.997 45.315
21 8.034 8.897 10.283 11.591 13.240 16.344 20.337 25.$35 29.61532.671 35.479 38.932 4140146.797
22 8.643 9.542 10.982 12.338 14.041 17.240 21,337 25.03930.813 33.924 36.781 40.289 42.796 40.268
9.260 10.196 11.689 13.091 14.848 18.13722.337 27.141 32.007 35.172 38.076 41.6384.J81 49.728
9.086 10.856 12.4D1 13.848 15.659 19.037 23.337 28.241 33.196 36.415 39.364 42.980 45.559|51.179
25 10.520 11.524 13.120 14.611 16.473 19.939 24.337 29.339 34.382 37.65240.646 4431446.928 52.620
26 11.160 T12.198 13.844 15.379 17.292 20.843 25,336 30.4135 35.56338.885 4L923 45.642 48.290 54.052
27 11.808 T 12.879 14.573 16.151 18.114 21.749 26.336 31.528 36.741 40.113- 43.195 46.963 49.645|55.476
28 12.461 13.565 15.308,16.928 18.939 22.6571 27.336 32.620 37916 41.33744461 48.278 50.993 56.892
29 13.121 14.256 16.047 17,708 19.768 23.567 28.336 33.711 39.08742.55745.722 49.588 52.336 58,301
30 13.787 14.953 16.791 18.493 20.599 2447829.336 34.800 40.256 43.773 46.979 50.692 53.672 59.703
40 20.707 22.164 24.433 26.509 29.05133.660 39.33545.616 51.805 55.75859342 63.691|66.763.402
50 27.991 29.707 32.35734.764 37.689 42.942 49,335 56.334 63.167 67.505 71.420 76.15479490 86.661
60 35,534 37.48540.A82 43.1884645952.294 59,35 66.981 74.397 79.082 83,298 88.37991.952 99.607
70 43.275 45.412 4.75851.739 55.329 61.69069.534 75765.527 90.531 95.023 100-25104.215 112.317
80 51.172 53.540 57.153 60.391 64.270 71.14579,3348.130 96.578 101.079 106.629 12.329 116.321124,839
9059.19661./545.64769.126 78.291 0.5509.5198.650107.565 13.145 164B6 12.11623.29 137.20
109.141 118.498 124.342 129.561 135.007 140.169|149.449
00 67.328 70.065 74.22277.92982.358 90,133|99334