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Presentation 13 - Introduction To Probability

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Aldric Joshua Wee
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38 views11 pages

Presentation 13 - Introduction To Probability

Uploaded by

Aldric Joshua Wee
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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INTRODUCTION TO

PROBABILITY
Experiment is a process of investigation from which results
are observed or recorded.
Outcome - the results of an experiment.
Activities illustrating experiment:

Tossing a Coin Picking a Card from Rolling a Die


a Deck
DEFINITION OF TERMS
Sample Space - is the set of all possible outcomes for a
probability experiment or activity. It is usually denoted by the
letter “S”.
Event - a subset of the sample space, denoted by “E”.

Example: The probability of getting less than 3.


Write the sample space of each experiment:

1. Polling customers at a shop whether they like


(L) or dislike (D) a certain skincare product.
2. Denoting the number of girls in three-children
family.
3. Tossing a fair coin and then rolling a die if it
comes up head (H).
4. Spinning a spinner marked 1 to 6 once.
5. Selecting three bulbs from a box and
observing whether they are good (G) or
defective (D).
PROBABILITY
PROBABILITY is the likelihood that an event will happen. This
can range from an event being impossible to some likelihood
to being certain.
PROBABILITY OF AN EVENT
The probability of an event is a ratio that compares the number of
favorable outcomes to the number of possible outcomes.

𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑓𝑎𝑣𝑜𝑟𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑠 𝑛(𝐸)


𝑃 𝐸 = =
𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒 𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑒 𝑛(𝑆)

A probability of 0 means that an event is impossible.


A probability of 1 means that the event is certain to happen.
The closer a probability is to 1, the more likely it will happen.
EXAMPLE 1
Suppose we toss a fair coin twice. What is the probability of
getting two heads in tossing two fair coins?
EXAMPLE 2
What is the probability of rolling a prime number on a number
cube?
EXAMPLE 3
Suppose a die is rolled once. Find the probability of
obtaining:
a. a5
b. an odd number
c. an even number
TRY THESE
1. A couple plans to have 3 children. What is the sample space in this
situation?
2. What is the probability of rolling a die obtaining a number less than 5 but
greater than 2?
3. What is the probability that a month of calendar from January to
December, drawn at random is a month that ends with the letter “r”?
Express your answer in fraction form.
4. Ten identical cards are labeled 1 to 10. What is the probability of getting a
number less than 9 but greater than 3? Express your answer in percent
form.
5. Teacher Kim has a box that contains 5 green pens, 3 blue pens, 8 black
pens, and 4 red pens. If Roberto picked a pen at random, what is the
probability that the pen is green? Not blue?
TRY THESE
6. A multiple choice has 4 possible answers. If a student picks the answer
randomly, what is the probability that it is correct?
7. A fair die is tossed. What is the probability that the die DOES NOT come up
1?
8. A playing card is drawn at random from a standard deck of 52 playing
cards. Find the probability of drawing:
i. a diamond? ii. a black card? iii. a queen?

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