Subastil, Art Vincent D.

BSECE 2-5

Module 1 Assessment
1. Define in your own word AC Analysis of Bipolar Junction Transistor
The research and evaluation of a Bipolar Junction Transistor's (BJT) response to
minute changes or variations in the input signals or AC signals is known as AC analysis.
This examination includes a measurement of the transistor's impedance, frequency
response, and amplification potential. We may learn important things about a BJT's
performance in a variety of applications, including oscillators and amplifiers, by closely
examining its AC behavior. We can also gain a thorough grasp of how it reacts to various
input signals at various frequencies.
2. Discuss the steps of how you will obtain the AC equivalent circuit of a given
schematic diagram of a cascaded common emitter and common base
amplifier configuration.
• Decide which portions of the schematic diagram represent the common emitter
and common base amplifier stages to identify the amplifier stages. A transistor
with a collector resistor, base resistor, and emitter resistor often makes up the
common emitter stage. A transistor with an emitter resistor and collector load
resistor often makes up the common base stage.
• Simplify the power supply connections: In an AC analysis, the power supply
connections are regarded as ground connections or short circuits. Any power
supply wires to the amplifiers in the schematic design should be cut.
• Coupling capacitors should be taken out: If coupling capacitors were included
in the original schematic diagram, they should be taken out. Only AC signals
can travel through coupling capacitors, which block DC signals. They can be
taken out so that we can concentrate on the amplifiers' AC behavior.
• The input and output terminals for each amplifier stage should be identified.
The transistor's base often serves as the input terminal, and the collector
typically serves as the output terminal.
• Any bypass capacitors should be swapped out for short circuits that can carry
AC signals. At the frequency of interest, bypass capacitors can be thought of
 as short circuits since they are employed to divert AC signals around resistive
components.
• If resistive biasing networks are present in the original schematic model, they

should be made simpler for the AC analysis. For instance, voltage dividers

and biasing resistors can be swapped out for their equivalent resistance

values.

• Replace each transistor in the circuit with its small-signal equivalent model to
determine the small-signal model. The small-signal model often contains input
and output resistances, a voltage-controlled current source to represent the
transistor's amplification, a current source to represent the base current, and a
current source to represent the base current.
• Connect the output of one amplifier stage to the input of the following step to
combine the amplifier stages. The input impedance of the stage after is
determined by the output impedance of the stage before.
• Calculate the equivalent circuit parameters by analyzing the resulting circuit to
ascertain the input and output impedances, voltage and current gains, and
other equivalent circuit parameters. Methods like Kirchhoff's laws, voltage and
current division, and the hybrid-pi model can be used to do this.
3. Compare hybrid model circuits and remodel circuits. Which circuit are you
going to recommend in solving AC signal amplifier stage, depend your
answer.
For studying the stages of an AC signal amplifier, hybrid model circuits and remodel
circuits are two methods that are frequently employed. The decision between them
depends on the particular requirements and complexity of the circuit being studied. Each
approach has benefits and drawbacks.
A transistor-based amplifier stage is represented simply by the hybrid model circuit,
also referred to as the hybrid-pi model or the h-parameter model. It provides an easy way
to examine the amplifier's AC behavior by substituting a set of equivalent parameters for
the transistor. These variables include voltage gain (Av), current gain (Ai), and input and
output resistances (ri and ro).
 When there is only one transistor in the circuit or when the interstage coupling is
simple, the hybrid model circuit is quite helpful. It offers a simple and intuitive knowledge
of the amplifier stage's AC behavior. The hybrid model circuit's small-signal equivalent
model makes it simple to calculate important variables like voltage gain and input/output
impedances. It is also compatible with a number of analysis methods, including
impedance matching, mesh analysis, and nodal analysis.
Remodel circuits, which stands for "rearrangement of elements," on the other hand,
entail changing the original circuit into an equivalent circuit that makes the analysis
simpler. This method comprises rearranging the circuit components and combining them
in a way that makes it easier to analyze the behavior of the AC. It seeks to reduce the
intricateness and complexity of the original circuit, making it simpler to use conventional
circuit analysis methods.
When working with multi-stage amplifiers, circuits with several components, or
complex amplifier designs, remodel circuits are extremely helpful. It is frequently possible
to minimize the number of parts or combine them in a way that makes the analytical
process easier by rearranging the circuit. This makes it possible to examine the AC
behavior of the amplifier stage in a more methodical manner.
It depends on the complexity of the circuit at hand to make a recommendation for
solving the stages of the AC signal amplifier. The hybrid model circuit would be a great
option if the circuit has a single transistor or a simple interstage coupling. It is an effective
technique for examining such circuits due to its directness and simplicity.
However, rebuild circuits can offer a significant advantage if the circuit is more
complicated, has numerous stages, or has extensive interconnections. Remodel circuits
can greatly minimize the complexity of the analysis and allow for a more systematic
approach by rearranging the components and simplifying the circuit.
In the end, the exact characteristics of the circuit under analysis will determine whether
to use a hybrid model circuit or a rebuild circuit. Before picking a choice, it is critical to
evaluate the circuit's complexity, the degree of precision required, and the available
analytical methodologies.
4. If three stages amplifier are cascaded give the equation for the total Av and
total Ai of the circuit. Give your idea of computing Avt if Av1=3db, Av2=5db,
and Av3= 10db. If Av of each stage is in dbm how will you compute the overall
voltage gain of the circuit.